Academic literature on the topic 'Proteins in animal nutrition. Poultry'
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Journal articles on the topic "Proteins in animal nutrition. Poultry"
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PETCU, Igor. "Streptomyces biomass – effective additive in poultry nutrition." One Health & Risk Management 2, no. 3 (June 17, 2021): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.38045/ohrm.2021.3.05.
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Introduction. The breeding of domestic poultry is an important source to soupplement the human needs in animal proteins with a high biological value. Therefore, knowledge and guidance of the factors that influence poultry production is a guarantee of increasing these productions, both in terms of quantity and quality.Material and methods. The investigation was aimed to administer the 0.05% and 0.1% streptomyces biomass in the recipe of combined fodder, intended for the feeding of young poultry of the Argintie de Adler breed, in order to identify the effectiveness of its administration.Results. The supplementing of streptomyces biomass in the proportion of 0.1% in the recipe of combined feed intended for feeding the poultry of the Argintie de Adler breed, contributed to a 5.1% gross weight gain and a lower specific consumption by 9.9% in chickens from the experimental batch, compared to those of the control batch.Conclusions. The assessment of the dynamic indices of growth and development in chickens of the Argintie de Adler breed, as a result of supplementation of nutrition recipes with streptomyces biomass, has established a sure way to boost the productivity.
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de Souza-Vilela, J., N. R. Andrew, and I. Ruhnke. "Insect protein in animal nutrition." Animal Production Science 59, no. 11 (2019): 2029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19255.
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Global meat consumption per capita is expected to increase ~40% from 2019 to 2050. Over 30% of the total cropland worldwide is currently being used to produce either livestock and poultry feed or silage to meet the demand. One solution to reduce cropland use for animal feed is to increase the production of alternative protein sources. The primary protein sources for animal nutrition, including soybeans, peas and fish meal, are of increasing demand and are subsequently becoming more expensive, making their long-term use unsustainable. Insects such as the black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens), crickets (Gryllus testaceus Walker) or mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) offer a viable addition to the feed sources and can provide valuable, high-quality energy, protein and fat to an animal’s diet. Here, we review the environmental benefits of insect feedstuff, current research findings related to the use of insects for animal nutrition, and outline additional products that can generate benefits to insect producers.
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Paula, Turcu Raluca, Olteanu Margareta, Untea Arabela Elena, Saracila Mihaela, Varzaru Iulia, and Vlaicu Petru Alexandru. "Nutritional characterization of some natural plants used in poultry nutrition." Archiva Zootechnica 23, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/azibna-2020-0013.
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Abstract Current nutritional strategies of livestock industry are focused on evaluating the effects of terrestrial sources rich in natural bioactive compounds that can be used in farm animal feed and the subsequent implications on the quality of resulting animal products. In this context, the present study aimed to characterize from a nutritional point of view some natural plants used as phyto-additives in poultry nutrition: oregano, mint, basil, sage, fenugreek, thyme, turmeric, cumin and rosemary. The results of this study on plants nutritional evaluation showed a varied proximate analysis. Of all the plants, cumin, fenugreek and basil were the richest source of crude protein. Thyme had a large ether extractives content, followed by rosemary, sage and cumin. The obtained results revealed that oregano has the strongest antioxidant capacity (849.77 mmols equiv. asc. acid; 863.57 mmols equiv. vit. E), the highest total polyphenols concentration (86.77 mg GAE/g) and lutein and zeaxanthin (304.23 μg/g) of the analysed plants. Nevertheless, all plants had high concentration of total polyphenols, except cumin, a large amount of xanthophylls and vitamin E. After oregano, sage and thyme have been noted for their antioxidant capacity and major antioxidant compounds. Basil and sage revealed the highest amount of essential trace elements.
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Thapa, Puja. "Application of micro algae in poultry nutrition; a review." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 3, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 241–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v3i2.32512.
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In this review, we unveil the the use of microalgae as a feed ingredient in poultry nutrition. Microalgae are small-sized algae, unicellular, photosynthetic aquatic plants which have been studied as a natural marine resource for a number of economically applications, including animal feed. They are introduced to poultry diets mainly as a rich source of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, including docohexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid, but they can also serve as a protein, microelement, vitamin and antioxidants source, as well as a pigmentation agent for skin and egg yolks. The majority of experiments have shown that microalgae, mainly Spirulina and Chlorella sourced as a defatted biomass from biofuel production, can be successfully used as a feed ingredient in poultry nutrition. They can have beneficial effects on meat and egg quality, through an increased concentration of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and carotenoids, and in regards to performance indices and immune function. Positive results were obtained when fresh microalgae biomass was used to replace antibiotic growth promoters in poultry diets. Because of their chemical composition, microalgae can be efficiently used in poultry nutrition to enhance the pigmentation and nutritional value of meat and eggs, as well as partial replacement of conventional dietary protein sources.
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GIANNENAS (Η. ΓΙΑΝΝΕΝΑΣ), I. A. "Organic acids in pig and poultry nutrition." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 57, no. 1 (November 27, 2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15009.
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In this review article, the use of organic acids as feed additives is being examined in pig and poultry nutrition. The aim of this article was to evaluate the effect of organic acids and their salts on pig and poultry performance, to describe the organic acids used in animal nutrition, to discuss the route of administration and to investigate the mode of their action. The most widely used organic acids are formic, acetic, propionic, fumarie, citric, sorbic and butyric acid, and their salts as well. These organic acids are administered mainly through the feed, but they may be administered through the drinking water as well. Successful utilization of organic acids in pig and poultry nutrition requires knowledge of their mode of action. It is generally accepted that organic acids and their salts lower feed and gastric pH, increasing the activity of proteolytic enzymes and, thus, improving protein digestion. Besides, they reduce the buffering capacity of the feeds, resulting in reduced intestinal colonization with pathogens. They also improve the apparent digestibility of proteins and amino acids, increase the absorption of minerals and affect the composition of intestinal microflora and mucosal morphology. Relevant experimentations suggest that the organic acids improve growth rate and feed efficiency ratio in weaned piglets and fattening pigs. Also, the organic acids improve the performance of broiler chickens when used in relatively high doses, whereas, in laying hens, they improve the absorption of macroelements, like phosphorus and calcium. The present article suggests that after the recent ban on the use of the antibiotic growth promoting substances by the EU, the use of organic acids in pig and poultry nutrition appears to be an interesting alternative. However, the effect of organic acids on performance of pigs and poultry varies considerably and, thus, further research is needed for a better understanding of the mode of action and the efficacy of these compounds.
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Schedle, Karl. "Sustainable pig and poultry nutrition by improvement of nutrient utilisation – A review." Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment 71, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/boku-2016-0005.
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SummaryIn the context of mismanagement of natural resources going with an increasing consumption of protein from animal origin through the world population, one major challenge for the future in animal nutrition is the improvement of its efficiency and hence sustainability. Up to now, a broad range of methods like feed additives or technological treatments have been available to improve the efficiency or the production of pig-derived and poultry-derived food and hence the sustainability in pig and poultry nutrition. Nevertheless, the exact knowledge of the mode of action of these tools is a prerequisite for their successful application. Furthermore, information concerning their impact on the nutrient availability of the different feedstuffs is of great importance, in order to formulate diets that cover the animals’ requirements. Diets covering the animals’ performance level ovoid undersupplies, which can lead to health problems on the on hand, on the other hand the emissions of nitrogen are kept as low as possible.As a result, the consumption of natural resources like grains can be considerably reduced and the substitution of regional by-products from the feed and food processing industry like wheat bran, dried distillers grains with solubles or rapeseed meal can be dramatically enhanced in diets for monogastric animals, thus contributing to more sustainable livestock production. By improving the efficiency of the production of animal-derived food, the term “sustainable’’ remains highly significant. Increasing efficiency plays an important role in ensuring that the resources required for pig and poultry nutrition are foreseeably available. Currently, there is a combination of different tools like feed additives or technological feed treatments the most promising way of improving sustainability in pig and poultry production systems.
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Achilonu, Matthew, Karabo Shale, Georgina Arthur, Kuben Naidoo, and Michael Mbatha. "Phytochemical Benefits of Agroresidues as Alternative Nutritive Dietary Resource for Pig and Poultry Farming." Journal of Chemistry 2018 (December 11, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1035071.
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The growing world population is challenging the animal products supply system, particularly in developing countries, where demand for meat and milk in 2050 is estimated to increase to 109% and 116%, respectively, amidst deteriorating livestock feed sources. Globally, adequate production and availability of animal feed products to subsistence farmers has been declining due to factors such as global warming, growth in population, and low economic growth. This paper seeks to examine the existing scientific literature on the utilization of some unconventional feed resources, to abate the challenge of feed deficit and thus improve animal nutrition. The use of fruit waste and agricultural farm residues affords alternative, nutritive livestock dietary supplements; it has been proven they contain a spectrum of vital bioactive phytochemicals essential for sustainable growth and development of animals. The biochemical composition of the plant wastes and residues include carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and fatty acids, while the common bioactive phytochemicals are polyphenols, alkaloids, carotenoids, and flavonoids, along with tannins, terpenes, and saponins, which play vital roles in reducing disease-causing agents, such as bacteria, viruses, and free radical-associated diseases. The phytochemicals exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory, as well as anti-parasitic and antiprotozoal properties. However, it is important to guard against antinutritive and toxicity levels in animal feed products. The paper concludes that agroresidues’/wastes’ nutritive and therapeutic potential could serve as alternative livestock feed resource, while also acting as additional job and income generator for communities.
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Okanovic, Djordje, M. Ristic, S. Kormanjos, S. Filipovic, and B. Zivkovic. "Chemical characteristics of poultry slaughterhouse byproducts." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 25, no. 1-2 (2009): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0902143o.
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In this study, nutritional components that are obtained during poultry slaughtering having significance with respect to processing into animal feeds were investigated. By-products obtained during poultry slaughtering are considered very valuable raw materials for production of highly valuable animal feeds and energetic feeds. Recognition of chemical and physical characteristics of the raw materials represents essential prerequisite for conduction of any technological process, for proper raw materials handling as well as for the equipment and machines design that are necessary for acceptance and processing of the inedible slaughterhouse by-products. Authors have found that the nitrogen complex of the examined raw materials contains predominantly proteins. Digestible nitrogen for all investigated raw materials equals approximately with total nitrogen content, indicating that all proteins from these raw materials are accessible for utilization in animal organism, with exception of feathers that need special technological processing. Basic chemical composition, nitrogen fractions and amino acid composition of the inedible by-products from poultry slaughterhouses indicate that the processing of these raw materials could be directed into production of swine and pet feeds production, as well in production of bio fuels and biogas. Blood and feathers anyhow represent significant protein source, and soft wastes, heads and legs, as well as the mixed raw material, besides as protein source, can be regarded as raw fat source. .
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Fanelli, Stephanie, Kristen Heitman, Peter Madril, and Christopher Taylor. "Delineating the Nutritional Contribution of Animal Protein to Total Intakes Among Adults in the US." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab038_016.
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Abstract Objectives Recent health recommendations emphasize plant proteins and limiting animal proteins. Animal-based protein foods contribute to key micronutrient intakes beyond protein, such as zinc, iron, and vitamin B12. This study aimed to identify the contributions of foods containing meat, poultry, or seafood (MPS) in comparison to the day's total intakes. Methods Complete dietary data via 24-hour recalls from the 2005–2018 NHANES were analyzed among adults aged >19 years (n = 35,309). The Food and Nutrients Database for Dietary Studies and Food Patterns Equivalents Database were used to estimate nutrient intakes and food categories, respectively. Foods containing MPS were identified as those that included meats, cured meats, organ meats, poultry, and seafood. The contribution of nutrients from all foods containing MPS were aggregated for each participant. Nutrient intakes from the total day and from MPS intakes were assessed for the total population, as well as across sex and age categories (20–35, 36–50, 51–70, 71 + years). Data were weighted to produce nationally representative estimates of nutrient intakes. Results Over half of dietary protein consumed on the day of intake originated from foods containing MPS in all groups besides adults aged 71 years and older (48%). MPS foods contributed to the majority (>50%) of cholesterol, selenium, vitamin B12, niacin, zinc, and lycopene intakes, and moderately (>30%) contributed to sodium, choline, unsaturated and saturated fatty acids, phosphorus, vitamins B1 and B6, and iron intakes. On average, males consumed greater quantities and proportions of both total protein and MPS-specific protein foods, with a greater % of the day's micronutrient intakes from MPS foods. Conclusions While recent recommendations have emphasized the consumption of plant proteins, the nutritional contribution of MPS foods to total dietary intakes indicates a greater role in nutritional intakes than protein. MPS containing foods served as key contributors to essential nutrients. Promoting dietary guidelines that reduce the consumption of these foods should account for the intakes of such nutrients in making targeted efforts to balance nutritional status with other foci of health and disease. Funding Sources This research was supported by the Beef Checkoff program.
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Scollan, Nigel D., Eleri M. Price, Sarah A. Morgan, Sharon A. Huws, and Kevin J. Shingfield. "Can we improve the nutritional quality of meat?" Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 76, no. 4 (September 25, 2017): 603–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665117001112.
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The nutritional value of meat is an increasingly important factor influencing consumer preferences for poultry, red meat and processed meat products. Intramuscular fat content and composition, in addition to high quality protein, trace minerals and vitamins are important determinants of nutritional value. Fat content of meat at retail has decreased substantially over the past 40 years through advances in animal genetics, nutrition and management and changes in processing techniques. Evidence of the association between diet and the incidence of human non-communicable diseases has driven an interest in developing production systems for lowering total SFA andtransfatty acid (TFA) content and enrichment ofn-3 PUFA concentrations in meat and meat products. Typically, poultry and pork has a lower fat content, containing higher PUFA and lower TFA concentrations than lamb or beef. Animal genetics, nutrition and maturity, coupled with their rumen microbiome, are the main factors influencing tissue lipid content and relative proportions of SFA, MUFA and PUFA. Altering the fatty acid (FA) profile of lamb and beef is determined to a large extent by extensive plant and microbial lipolysis and subsequent microbial biohydrogenation of dietary lipid in the rumen, and one of the major reasons explaining the differences in lipid composition of meat from monogastrics and ruminants. Nutritional strategies can be used to align the fat content and FA composition of poultry, pork, lamb and beef with Public Health Guidelines for lowering the social and economic burden of chronic disease.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Proteins in animal nutrition. Poultry"
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Brooks, Stacey Elizabeth. "Utilization of low protein diets fed to 0 to 3 week broilers /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1418009.
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Guaiume, Elisângela Aparecida. "Effects of reduced protein, amino acid supplemented diets on production and economic performance of commercial broilers fed from hatch to market age." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4814.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on February 13, 2008) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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McGill, Elizabeth Ruth Firman Jeffre D. "Effects of low crude protein diets with amino acid supplementation on broiler performance in the starter period." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6457.
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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 18, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Thesis advisor: Dr. Jeffre Firman. Includes bibliographical references.
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Allen, Heather Michelle. "Nitrogen accretion and excretion in broilers fed diets low in protein during the starter period /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1418000.
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Smith, Natasha. "The effect of the dietary inclusion of canola oilcake, full-fat canola and sweet lupins on the production performance and fat composition of broilers and pigs." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1215.
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McQuaid, Rosanne. "Characterization of the Ileal lipid binding protein (FABP6) in tissues involved in bile acid and steroid metabolism in poultry." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107840.
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Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are a family of proteins involved in the transport of a wide variety of hydrophobic molecules within the cytosol of cells. Tissues with high levels of fatty acid (FA) metabolism such as adipocytes, intestine and liver have a correspondingly high levels of FABPs which correlate to the rate of cellular FA uptake and utilization. Moreover, many of the 11 FABP family members are mainly expressed in a tissue specific manner. For example, FABP6 is predominantly expressed in adult animals in the ileum where it is involved in intracellular transport of bile acids, however it has also been identified in the steroid hormone producing cells of the ovary and adrenal glands in mammals and zebrafish where it may participate in steroid metabolism. Since very few studies have been conducted in aves, the objective of the present study was to determine the tissue and cell specific distribution of FABP6 transcripts and protein through the use of PCR, sequence verification, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemical staining approaches in both female and male chickens and turkey embryos. The purpose of this study is to compose a comparative analysis between FABP6 gene expression in mammals and poultry, and identify the similarities between bile acid and steroid hormone metabolism that may further identify the role of this protein in cellular physiology. Unlike mammals, FABP6 was not restricted to the distal region of the small intestine, but rather distributed across the intestine with a significant abundance in the ileum in the embryo, broilers, and layers. This was confirmed by immunohistochemical images that have a high reactivity of FABP6 in the epithelium of the ileum, with lower quantities found in the duodenum. This study is the first to identify the presence of FABP6 mRNA and protein in the testis, supporting the proposed overlapping function of FABP6 in bile acid and steroid hormone metabolism. Furthermore, FABP6 was examined in various stages of follicular development, being identified in all phases of follicular development, with the greatest abundance in the small yellow follicles. In mammals, FABP6 was identified strictly in the progesterone producing cells of the luteum; while in chickens FABP6 is found in both the granulosa and theca cells that are not limited to progesterone production.Les protéines de liaison des acides gras (FAPBs) sont une famille de protéines impliquées dans le transport d'une grande variété de molécules hydrophobes dans le cytosol des cellules. Les tissus avec des niveaux élevés d'acides gras (AG) du métabolisme tels que les adipocytes, l'intestin et le foie ont un niveau élevé de FABPs qui sont en corrélation avec le taux important d'absorption cellulaire et d'utilisation de FA. De plus, plusieurs des 11 membres de la famille FABP sont principalement exprimés dans un tissu spécifique. Par exemple, FABP6 est principalement exprimé chez les animaux adultes au niveau de l'iléon, où il est impliqué dans le transport intracellulaire des acides biliaires, mais il a également été identifié dans les cellules de l'ovaire et des glandes surrénales chez les mammifères et chez les poissons zèbres où il peut participer dans le métabolisme des stéroïdes. Étant donné le petit nombre d'études qui ont été menées chez Aves, l'objectif de la présente étude était de déterminer le tissu et la distribution de cellules spécifiques des transcrits de FABP6 et des protéines grâce à l'utilisation de la PCR, de la vérification séquentielle, de l'immunoblot et des approches à la fois dans la coloration immunohistochimique dans des embryons féminins et masculins de poulets et de dindes. Le but de cette étude est de composer une analyse comparative entre l'expression des gènes FABP6 chez les mammifères et chez la volaille, et d'identifier les similitudes entre les acides biliaires et le métabolisme des hormones stéroïdiennes qui peuvent également préciser le rôle de cette protéine dans la physiologie cellulaire. Contrairement aux mammifères, FABP6 n'était pas limitée à la région distale de l'intestin grêle, mais plutôt répartis dans l'intestin avec une abondance significative dans l'iléon dans l'embryon, les poulets de chair, et les couches. Cela a été confirmé par des images immunohistochimiques qui ont une forte réactivité de FABP6 dans l'épithélium de l'iléon, avec des quantités plus faibles dans le duodénum. Cette étude est la première à identifier la présence d'ARNm de FABP6 ainsi que celle de la protéine dans le testicule, en soutenant la fonction proposée dans le chevauchement des acides biliaires FABP6 et du métabolisme des hormones stéroïdes. Par ailleurs, FABP6 a été examiné à divers stades de développement folliculaire et a été identifié dans toutes les phases du développement folliculaire, avec la plus grande abondance dans les petits follicules jaunes. Chez les mammifères, FABP6 a été strictement identifié dans les cellules du corps jaune produisant la progestérone, tandis que chez les poulets, FABP6 se trouve dans les cellules de la granulosa et de la thèque qui ne sont pas limités à la production de progestérone.
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Du, Plessis J. J. P. (Johannes Jacobus Pieter). "The effect of different dietary levels of energy and protein on the production and body composition of broiler breeders." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51966.
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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A flock of 500 Hybro broiler breeders were employed to study the effect of different levels of protein and energy on production and body composition. The daily lysine intake of the birds were 900, 1050, 1200 and 1350 mg respectively, each fed in diets with a daily energy intake of 1800 and 2000 kJ ME to provide a 4 x 2 factorial design. Lysine was used as the reference amino acid in the experiment and all other amino acids were kept in a constant ratio in every experimental diet. The total production was divided into 3 periods of 13 weeks each (week 23 - 35; week 36 - 48 and week 49 - 61) to determine the effect of the treatments over time. Production was evaluated by hen day production; egg weight (g/egg); egg mass (g/day); fertility; hatchability; chicks/hen/week; feed conversion and day old chick weight. Hen day production was significantly (P < 0,05) lower at the high energy intake for period week 49 to 61. Energy and protein levels significantly increased egg weight. Effect of protein was consistent during all three periods of production. Egg mass output had a significant (P < 0,05) response to increasing levels of protein for the total period of production. The birds on the high energy diet produced a significant higher egg mass per hen during the first period of production (week 23 - 35). Hatchability was reduced (P < 0,05) by the higher energy intake for the total period of production and this effect was very significant (P < 0,01) during the final period of production. Similar to hen day production, the higher energy had a significant (P < 0,05) negative effect on the amount of chicks produced. The well-known correlation between egg weight and chick weight was confirmed with the regression equation: Chick weight = 10,5 + 1,22 x Egg weight. Both energy and protein had a significant (P < 0,01) positive effect on chick weight. The feed conversion was lower at increasing levels of amino acid intake (P < 0,01). Higher energy intake significantly (P < 0,05) increased hen weight and protein had a very significant effect during the first period of production (P < 0,01). The isotope dilution technique (tritiated water) was used to estimate the body composition of the breeders. This was done at 5 different periods (week 27, 35, 43, 52 and 61) of the production period to establish changes in requirements over time. Significant correlation were found between carcass moisture and waterspace (R2 = 0,76); fat % and carcass moisture (R2 = 0,78); protein % and waterspace (R2 = 0,35) and fat % and waterspace (R2 = 0,46). The regression equations obtained from these correlation were employed to determine excess energy and lysine consumed at different ages. Energy requirements were calculated according to the effective energy (EE) system and the conventional ME system. According to effective energy the lower energy intake was not sufficient and the maximum requirement was calculated to be 1942 kj EE/day. The metabolizable energy calculations indicated sufficient intakes at every treatment with the maximum requirement 1746 kj ME/day. The lysine requirement was found to be in excess of 1050 mg lysine per day. The recommendation for daily lysine intake is 1200 mg/day and the energy intake of breeders should be 1900 to 2000 kj ME/day from week 23 to 35 and can be reduced to 1800 kj ME/day in the final period of production.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Om die effek van verskillende vlakke energie en proteïen op produksie en liggaamsamestelling te ondersoek is 'n trop van 500 Hybro braaikuiken teelouers gebruik. Die daaglikse lisien inname van die henne was onderskeidelik 900, 1050, 1200 en 1350 mg, wat elk by 'n daaglikse energie inname van 1800 en 2000 kJ ME verskaf is, in 'n 4 x 2 faktoriale ontwerp. Alle aminosure is in 'n konstante verhouding met die verwysings aminosuur lisien in die rantsoen ingesluit. Om te evalueer of daar veranderinge oor 'n tydperk plaasvind weens die verskillende behandelings is die produksie periode in drie periodes van 13 weke elk verdeel (week 23 - 35; week 36 - 48 en week 49 - 61). Die produksie standaarde wat gemeet is, is hen dag produksie, eiergewig (g/eier), eiermassa (g/dag), vrugbaarheid, uitbroeibaarheid, kuikens/hen/week, voeromset en dagoud kuikenmassa. Hen dag produksie was betekenisvol (P < 0,05) laer by die hoër energie innames in die laaste periode van 49 tot 61 weke. Energie en proteïen het eiergewig betekenisvol (P < 0,01) verhoog. Die effek van hoër vlakke proteïen was konstant in alle produksie periodes. Die daaglikse eiermassa (g/dag) het ook saam met stygende vlakke proteïen verhoog en hierdie effek was vir die totale periode van produksie. Energie het die eiermassa in die eerste periode van produksie (week 23 - 35) verhoog. Uitbroeibaarheid is verlaag (P < 0,05) vir die totale periode van produksie deur die hoër energie inname en die effek was selfs groter (P < 0,01) in die finale periode van produksie. In ooreenstemming met die hen dag produksie is die aantal kuikens geproduseer negatief beïnvloed deur die hoër energie inname (P < 0,05). Die korrelasie wat bestaan tussen eiermassa en kuikenmassa is bevestig deur die regressie: Kuikenmassa = 10,5 + 1,22 x Eiermassa. Energie en proteïen het kuikenmassa betekenisvol (P < 0,01) verhoog. Voeromset was laer by stygende vlakke van proteïen inname (P < 0,01). Die hoër energie inname het henmassa ook betekenisvol (P < 0,05) verhoog en proteïen het dieselfde effek slegs in die eerste periode van produksie gehad (P < 0,01). Die liggaamsamestelling van teelhenne is bepaal met behulp van die isotoop verdunnings tegniek (tritium water). Dit is bepaal op 5 verskillende stadiums in die produksie periode (week 27, 35, 43, 52 en 61) om die moontlike verandering in behoeftes oor tyd vas te stel. Betekenisvolle korrelasies is gevind tussen karkasvog en die waterspasie (RZ= 0,76); vet % en karkasvog (R2 = 0,78); proteïen % en waterspasie (R2 = 0,35) en vet % en waterspasie (R2 = 0,46). Die regressie vergelykings van hierdie korrelasies is gebruik om die hoevelheid surplus energie en lisien ingeneem te bepaal. Die" effective energy" sisteem en die konvensionele ME sisteem is gebruik in die bepaling van energie behoeftes. Volgens die " effective energy" was die energie inname nie voldoende by die laer energie innames nie en die maksimum behoefte is bereken as 1942 kJ EE/dag. Die maksimum energie behoefte volgens metaboliseerbare energie is bereken as 1746 kj ME/dag. Die lisien behoefte moet hoër as 1050 mg/dag wees. Die aanbeveling van die daaglikse lisien inname is 1200 mg/dag en die energie inname moet 1900 tot 2000 kj/dag wees tot 35 weke produksie en kan daarna verlaag word na 1800 kJ ME/dag.
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Teuchert, Nicole. "Comparison of production parameters, gut histology, organ weights, and portion yields of broilers supplemented with Ateli plus." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86448.
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Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Antibiotic growth promoters (AGP’s) have been used in feed of production animals to improve their growth performance and disease resistance. However, there has been an increase in the presence of antibiotic residue in animal products, as well as an increase in untreatable illnesses due to antibiotic resistant bacteria. This led to the European Union banning the use of antibiotic growth promoters, in production animals, in 2006. An alternative to AGP’s is therefore needed in animal feed in order to maintain performance. Plant extracts and essential oils have gained much attention, due to their natural antimicrobial, antibacterial, anticoccidial and antioxidant properties. This study tested the efficiency of Ateli plus®, an oregano plant extract based product, as a replacement to AGP’s on production parameters, carcass characteristics and organ and gut health of broilers. This study consisted of five treatments fed to broilers from hatch till 33 days of age, fed in three phases; starter, grower and finisher. The treatment diets consisted of a negative control (no AGP), positive control (AGP), Ateli plus® at 1kg/ton (Ateli plus® min), Ateli plus® at 2kg/ton for week one followed by 1kg/ton for the remainder of the period (Ateli plus® max), and AGP plus Ateli plus® max (AGP plus Ateli plus® max). Results from this study show that there was no difference in performance parameters between treatments. The performance parameters tested included liveability, average daily gain (ADG), average weekly feed intake, average cumulative feed intake, average weekly live weight, average cumulative weight gains, feed conversion ratio (FCR), cumulative FCR and the European production efficiency factor (EPEF). Broiler breast and thigh muscle pH and colour (L*, a* and b*) reading values were measured, showing a trend for improved L* colour reading value and ultimate pH, in broilers supplemented with Ateli plus®. This leads to an increase in water binding capacity and tenderness, therefore resulting in an improvement in meat quality. No differences were shown for dressing percentage and portion percentages relative to carcass weight. No significant differences were seen for tibia bone Ca and P content, or tibia bone fat, moisture or ash percentages. However a significant decrease in tibia bone strength was found in all broilers supplemented with Ateli plus® diets and the negative control diet, compared to AGP supplemented broilers. Gut morphology showed no consistent effect of treatment on villi height or crypt depth of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. No significant differences between treatments were found for organ pH or organ weights, except the gizzard, which was heavier for Ateli plus® max supplemented broilers. Ateli plus® shows promise on improving meat quality characteristics of broilers, however the significant decrease in tibia bone strength in Ateli plus® supplemented broilers is a major concern and needs to be researched further. Ateli plus® acts as a good AGP replacement, as broiler performance for the Ateli plus® supplemented broilers was maintained, and not decreased, when compared to the AGP supplemented broilers. However, the broilers fed the negative control diet had performance parameters statistically equal to both the Ateli plus® and AGP supplemented broilers, as well as no significant differences between organ weights were found. It can therefore be said that the broilers were raised under good management, and their optimal environmental conditions. Therefore conclusive effectiveness of Ateli plus® as a replacement for AGP on broiler performance cannot be reported from this study.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Antibiotiese groeistimulante (AGP’s) word gereeld as voerbymiddels vir diere gebruik om groei en siekte weerstandbiedenheid te verbeter. Die verbod op die gebruik van antibiotika as 'n groeipromotor in die Europese Unie (sedert 2006) kan toegeskryf word aan die toename in onbehandelbare siektes as gevolg van weerstandbiedende bakterieë, asook die teenwoordigheid van residue in die dierlike produkte. Alternatiewe vir AGP’s in dierevoeding word dus benodig om produksie te handhaaf. Plant ekstrakte en essensiële olies het baie aandag gekry as gevolg van hul natuurlike antimikrobiese, antibakteriële, antikoksidiese en antioksidatiewe eienskappe. 'n Studie is gedoen om die doeltreffendheid van Ateli plus® ('n origanum plant ekstrak gebaseerde produk) op groei produksie parameters, karkaseienskappe, orgaan- en dermgesondheid te bepaal wanneer Ateli plus® as 'n AGP plaasvervanger in die dieëte van braaikuikens gebruik word. Gedurende die proef was vyf verskillende diëte/behandelings vir 33 dae vir braaikuikens gevoer. Die behandelings het bestaan uit 'n negatiewe kontrole (geen AGP), positiewe kontrole (AGP), Ateli plus® teen 1kg/ton (Ateli plus min), Ateli plus® teen 2kg/ton vir die eerste week gevolg deur 1kg/ton vir die res van die tydperk (Ateli plus® max), en AGP plus Ateli plus® max (AGP plus Ateli plus® max). Resultate van hierdie studie toon dat behandelings nie 'n effek op produksie parameters gehad het nie. Die groei produksie parameters wat getoets is sluit in oorlewing, gemiddelde daaglikse toename (GDT), die gemiddelde weeklikse voer-inname, gemiddelde kumulatiewe voerinname, gemiddelde weeklikse lewendige massa, gemiddelde kumulatiewe gewig toename, voeromsetverhouding (VOV) en die Europese produksie doeltreffendheid faktor (EPEF). Die pH en kleur (L*,a* en b* waardes) van die dy- en borsspier is gemeet. Ateli plus® aanvulling in braaikuiken diëte het 'n tendens getoon vir verbeterde L * en finale pH waardes in die spiere, wat lei tot 'n toename in waterhouvermoë en sagtheid en dus verbeterde vleiskwaliteit. Geen verskille tussen behandelings is gevind vir uitslagpersentasie en die massa van porsies (uitgedruk as persentasie relatief tot karkasgewig) nie. Behandelings het nie 'n effek op die vet, vog, as persentasies of Ca- en P-inhoud van die tibia gehad nie. In vergelyking met AGP aangevulde braaikuikens, is 'n beduidende afname in die tibia breeksterkte van kuikens in die negatiwe kontrole groep en kuikens wat met Ateli plus® aangevul is, gevind. Spysverteringskanaal morfologie het getoon dat behandeling geen konsekwente effek op villi hoogte of krip diepte van die duodenum, jejunum en ileum gehad het nie. Slegs die krop massas van kuikens wat met Ateli plus® max aangevul is, was swaarder in vergelyking met hoenders in die ander behandelings; verder is geen beduidende verskille tussen behandelings gevind vir orgaan pH of orgaan gewigte nie.
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Saki, Ali Asghar. "Effects of dietary calcium, phytoestrogen rich diets and estrogen on intestinal calcium transport proteins, egg and eggshell quality in maturing layer hens." Title page, contents and summary only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ANP/09anps158.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Animal Science, 1998.Corrigenda inserted behind title page. Copies of author's previously published articles inserted. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 193-210).
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Pomeroy, Stephanie K. "Effect of dietary lysine and genetics on indices of energy and protein metabolism in rainbow trout and alterations in the mitochondrial proteome in broilers fed a lysine-deficient diet." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=6035.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 89 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-73).
Books on the topic "Proteins in animal nutrition. Poultry"
1
Leeson, Stephen. Niacin in poultry nutrition. [Basel, Switzerland]: Hoffman-La Roche Ltd., 1988.
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Chi-yun, Kim, and Kim Pyŏng-sŏn, eds. Tanbaekchil mŏgi. [Pʻyŏngyang]: Nongŏp Chʻulpʻansa, 1990.
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1907-, Pirie N. W., ed. Leaf protein and its by-products in human and animal nutrition. 2nd ed. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
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International, Symposium on Protein Metabolism and Nutrition (6th 1991 Herning Denmark). Protein metabolism and nutrition: Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Protein Metabolism and Nutrition, Herning, Denmark, 9-14 June, 1991. Foulum, Denmark: National Institute of Animal Science, Research Center Foulum, 1991.
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International Symposium on Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. 7th 1995 Vale de Santarem, Portugal. Protein metabolism and nutrition: Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Protein Metabolism and Nutrition, Vale de Santarem, Portugal, 24-27 May 1995. Edited by European Association for Animal Production. [S.l.]: National Institute of Animal Science, Research Center Foulum, 1995.
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E, Lobley Gerald, White Ann 1948-, and MacRae John C, eds. Protein metabolism and nutrition: Proceedings of the VIIIth International Symposium on Protein Metabolism and Nutrition : Aberdeen, United Kingdom, 1-4 September 1999. Wageningen: Wageningen Pers, 1999.
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H, Applewhite Thomas, and Kraft inc, eds. Proceedings of the World Congress on Vegetable Protein Utilization in Human Foods and Animal Feedstuffs. Champaign, Ill: American Oil Chemists' Society, 1989.
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C, Février, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (France), European Association for Animal Production., and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations., eds. Workshop on protein feed for animal production in Central and Eastern Europe: Rennes, France, 30 June-1 July 2000. Wageningen: Wageningen Pers, 2001.
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Agricultural Research Council. Technical Committee on Responses to Nutrients. Characterisations of feedstuffs: Nitrogen. Wallingford: CAB International, 1992.
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International Symposium on Protein Metabolism and Nutrition (5th 1987 Rostock, Germany). 5th International Symposium on Protein Metabolism and Nutrition, Wilhelm-Pieck-University Rostock (GDR). [S.l: s.n., 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Proteins in animal nutrition. Poultry"
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He, Wenliang, Peng Li, and Guoyao Wu. "Amino Acid Nutrition and Metabolism in Chickens." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 109–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54462-1_7.
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AbstractBoth poultry meat and eggs provide high-quality animal protein [containing sufficient amounts and proper ratios of amino acids (AAs)] for human consumption and, therefore, play an important role in the growth, development, and health of all individuals. Because there are growing concerns about the suboptimal efficiencies of poultry production and its impact on environmental sustainability, much attention has been paid to the formulation of low-protein diets and precision nutrition through the addition of low-cost crystalline AAs or alternative sources of animal-protein feedstuffs. This necessitates a better understanding of AA nutrition and metabolism in chickens. Although historic nutrition research has focused on nutritionally essential amino acids (EAAs) that are not synthesized or are inadequately synthesized in the body, increasing evidence shows that the traditionally classified nutritionally nonessential amino acids (NEAAs), such as glutamine and glutamate, have physiological and regulatory roles other than protein synthesis in chicken growth and egg production. In addition, like other avian species, chickens do not synthesize adequately glycine or proline (the most abundant AAs in the body but present in plant-source feedstuffs at low content) relative to their nutritional and physiological needs. Therefore, these two AAs must be sufficient in poultry diets. Animal proteins (including ruminant meat & bone meal and hydrolyzed feather meal) are abundant sources of both glycine and proline in chicken nutrition. Clearly, chickens (including broilers and laying hens) have dietary requirements for all proteinogenic AAs to achieve their maximum productivity and maintain optimum health particularly under adverse conditions such as heat stress and disease. This is a paradigm shift in poultry nutrition from the 70-year-old “ideal protein” concept that concerned only about EAAs to the focus of functional AAs that include both EAAs and NEAAs.
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van Krimpen, M. M., and W. H. Hendriks. "13: Novel protein sources in animal nutrition: considerations and examples." In Poultry and pig nutrition, 279–305. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-884-1_13.
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Madhysatha, S., and R. R. Marquardt. "12: Mycotoxins in the feed and animal products." In Poultry and pig nutrition, 263–78. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-884-1_12.
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Bouwens, M., and H. F. J. Savelkoul. "5: Animal nutrition and immunity in pigs and poultry." In Poultry and pig nutrition, 105–27. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-884-1_5.
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van Middelaar, C. E., H. H. E. van Zanten, and I. J. M. de Boer. "14: Future of animal nutrition: the role of life cycle assessment." In Poultry and pig nutrition, 307–14. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-884-1_14.
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de Lange, C. F. M., and L. Huber. "16: The role of nutrient utilisation models in precision animal management." In Poultry and pig nutrition, 341–68. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-884-1_16.
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Yu, P., D. Christensen, L. Miller, H. Nakatsuji, R. T. Zijlstra, H. Zhang, Y. C. Lee, Y. Ikemoto, and B. R. Wood. "9: Using non-invasive synchrotronbased analytical techniques in animal nutrition: a novel approach." In Poultry and pig nutrition, 209–27. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-884-1_9.
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Spring, P., J. Taylor-Pickard, K. A. Jacques, and J. M. Hower. "10: Biotechnology in the feed industry and animal nutrition: harnessing microbes to provide natural solutions." In Poultry and pig nutrition, 229–44. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-884-1_10.
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Shiau, Shi-Yen. "Seafood Protein in Human and Animal Nutrition." In Seafood Proteins, 160–70. New York, NY: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7828-4_11.
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Babinszky, L., M. W. A. Verstegen, and W. H. Hendriks. "1: Challenges in the 21st century in pig and poultry nutrition and the future of animal nutrition." In Poultry and pig nutrition, 17–37. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-884-1_1.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Proteins in animal nutrition. Poultry"
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Niyonshuti, Eric, and Figen Kırkpınar. "Assessment of the Last Decades Studies and Developments in Broilers Nutrition." In International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.003.
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The poultry industry has advanced remarkably over the past 30 years. In particular, broiler production has been the most successful than any other sector in the animal industry. Production standards of broilers have continuously improved over this period, with modern broilers reaching a live average weight of 2.5 kg at 33 – 35 days. Today, under normal conditions, a broiler chicken can gain an average weight of 65 g per day and can attain 1.5 feed conversion ratio (FCR). Genetic selection brought about by breeding companies has played a big part in the improvements of broiler growth, and advances in nutritional management have provided about 10 to 15% of these changes. In conclusion, future broiler nutrition studies are going to be continued on the plane of economic criteria, determination of alternative feedstuffs and their cultivation, production of new feed additives, sustainability, and food or product quality. However, broiler nutrition studies are expected to contain not only pure and applied nutrition but also to answer and to enlighten some discussed issues such as to support animal welfare, consumer health, and ecological equilibrium. In this review, the latest improvements in feed formulation with much attention on metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP), feeding systems and feed presentation, use of feed additives to enhance feed use and broiler performance are discussed.
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Matovu, Jacob, and Ahmet Alçiçek. "Investigations and Concerns about the Fate of Transgenic DNA and Protein in Livestock." In International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.011.
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The fate of transgenic DNA (tDNA) and protein from feed derived from Genetically Modified organisms (GMOs) in animals has been a major issue since their commercialization in 1996. Several studies have investigated the risks of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of tDNA and protein to bacteria or animal cells/tissues, but some of the reported data are controversial. Previous reports showed that tDNA fragments or proteins derived from GM plants could not be detected in tissues, fluids, or edible products from livestock. Other researchers have shown that there is a possibility of small fragments entering animal tissues, fluids and organs. This motivated us to update our knowledge about these concerns. Therefore, this review aimed to evaluate the probable transfer and accumulation of tDNA/proteins from transgenic feeds in animal samples (ruminant and non-ruminant) by evaluating the available experimental studies published scientifically. This study found that the tDNA/protein is not completely degraded during feed processing and digestion in Gastro-Intestinal Tract (GIT). In large ruminants (cattle), tDNA fragments/proteins were detected in GIT digesta, rumen fluid, and faeces. In small ruminants (goats), traces of tDNA/proteins were detected in GIT digesta, blood, milk, liver, kidney, heart and muscle. In pigs, they were detected in blood, spleen, liver, kidney, and GIT digesta. In poultry, traces were detected in blood, liver and GIT digesta but not in meat and eggs. Notwithstanding some studies that have shown transfer of tDNA/protein fragments in animal samples, we cannot rely on these few studies to give general evidence for transfer into tissues/fluids and organs of farm animals. However, this study clearly shows that transfer is possible. Therefore, intensive and authentic research should be conducted on GM plants before they are approved for commercial use, investigating issues such as the fate of tDNA or proteins and the effects of feeding GM feed to livestock.
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Ünlü, Elif Işılay, and Ahmet Çınar. "Lesion Detection on Skin Images Using Improved U-Net." In International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.022.
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The fate of transgenic DNA (tDNA) and protein of feeds from Genetically Modified organisms (GMOs) in animals has been an important topic since their commercialization in 1996. Several studies have investigated about risks of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of tDNA and proteins to bacteria or animal cells/tissues, however, the reported data is at times controversial. Earlier reports showed that tDNA fragments or protein derived from GM plants have not been detected in tissues, fluids, or edible products of farm animals. Other researchers have come out to demonstrate that there is the possibility of small fragments leaking out into the animal tissues, fluids and organs. This motivated us to update our knowledge about these concerns. Therefore, this review aimed at assessing the likely transfer and accumulation of tDNA/ proteins from transgenic feeds to animal (ruminants and non-ruminants) samples through evaluating the available experimental scientific published studies. This study has found out that the tDNA or protein is not completely degraded during feed processing and digestion in the Gastro-Intestinal Tract (GIT). In large ruminants (Cattle), tDNA fragments/protein have been detected in the GIT digesta, ruminal fluid and feces. In small ruminants (Goats), traces of tDNA/proteins have been detected in the GIT digesta, blood, milk, liver, kidney, heart and muscle. In pigs, they have been detected in blood, spleen, liver kidney and in the GIT digesta. In poultry, traces have been seen in blood, liver and GIT digesta but not in meat and Eggs. Regardless of some studies that have shown the transfer of tDNA/protein fragments to animal samples, we cannot base on these few studies to give a piece of general evidence about their transfer into tissues/fluids and organs of livestock animals. However, this study clearly shows possible transfer, hence intensive and authentic research on GM crops should be done before they are allowed for commercial use, studying issues like the fate of tDNA or proteins and the effect of feeding GM feeds to livestock.