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Journal articles on the topic 'Proteoglycans Physiological effect'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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1

Hamati, H. F., E. L. Britton, and D. J. Carey. "Inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis alters extracellular matrix deposition, proliferation, and cytoskeletal organization of rat aortic smooth muscle cells in culture." Journal of Cell Biology 108, no. 6 (June 1, 1989): 2495–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.108.6.2495.

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Arterial proteoglycans have been implicated in several important physiological processes ranging from lipid metabolism to regulation of smooth muscle cell growth. Vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells are the major producers of proteoglycans in the medial layer of blood vessels. To study functional consequences of alterations in VSM proteoglycan metabolism we used 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xyloside to inhibit proteoglycan synthesis in primary and early passage cultures of rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Biochemical analysis of cultures labeled with 35SO4 showed the drug inhibited synthesis of d

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Sah, R. L. Y., A. J. Grodzinsky, A. H. K. Plaas, and J. D. Sandy. "Effects of tissue compression on the hyaluronate-binding properties of newly synthesized proteoglycans in cartilage explants." Biochemical Journal 267, no. 3 (May 1, 1990): 803–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2670803.

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The effects of tissue compression on the hyaluronate-binding properties of newly synthesized proteoglycans in calf cartilage explants were examined. Pulse-chase experiments showed that conversion of low-affinity monomers to the high-affinity form (that is, to a form capable of forming aggregates with 1.6% hyaluronate on Sephacryl S-1000) occurred with a t1/2 of about 5.7 h in free-swelling discs at pH 7.45. Static compression during chase (in pH 7.45 medium) slowed the conversion, as did incubation in acidic medium (without compression). Both effects were dose-dependent. For example, the t1/2

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Kolb, Martin, Peter J. Margetts, Patricia J. Sime та Jack Gauldie. "Proteoglycans decorin and biglycan differentially modulate TGF-β-mediated fibrotic responses in the lung". American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 280, № 6 (1 червня 2001): L1327—L1334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.2001.280.6.l1327.

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Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a key cytokine in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, and pharmacological interference with TGF-β can ameliorate the fibrotic tissue response. The small proteoglycans decorin and biglycan are able to bind and inhibit TGF-β activity in vitro. Although decorin has anti-TGF-β properties in vivo, little is known about the physiological role of biglycan in vivo. Adenoviral gene transfer was used to overexpress active TGF-β, decorin, and biglycan in cell culture and in murine lungs. Both proteoglycans were able to interfere with TGF-β bioactivity in vitro in

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Schröer, Katrin, Montaha Alshawabkeh, Sebastian Schellhorn, Katrin Bronder, Wenli Zhang, and Anja Ehrhardt. "Influence of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans and Factor X on species D Human Adenovirus Uptake and Transduction." Viruses 15, no. 1 (December 24, 2022): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15010055.

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More than 100 human adenovirus (Ad) types were identified, of which species D comprises the largest group. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) were shown to function as cell surface receptors for cell binding and uptake of some Ads, but a systematic analysis of species D Ads is lacking. Previous research focused on Ad5 and blood coagulation factor X (FX) complexes, which revealed that Ad5 can transduce cells with low expression levels of its main coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor in the presence of high HSPG expression levels in a FX dependent manner. Based on our reporter gene-tagged Ad-li

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Váncza, Lórand, Péter Tátrai, Andrea Reszegi, Kornélia Baghy, and Ilona Kovalszky. "SPOCK1 with unexpected function. The start of a new career." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 322, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): C688—C693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00033.2022.

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SPOCK1, 2, and 3 are considered matricellular proteoglycans without a structural role. Their functions are only partly elucidated. SPOCK1 was detected in the brain as a member of the neural synapses, then in the neuromuscular junctions. It plays a role in the regulation of the blood-brain barrier. Its best-characterized activity was its oncogenic potential discovered in 2012. Its deleterious effect on tumor progression was detected on 36 different types of tumors by the end of 2020. However, its mode of action is still not completely understood. Furthermore, even less was discovered about its

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Al-Jamal, Rehab, and Mara S. Ludwig. "Changes in proteoglycans and lung tissue mechanics during excessive mechanical ventilation in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 281, no. 5 (November 1, 2001): L1078—L1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.2001.281.5.l1078.

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Excessive mechanical ventilation results in changes in lung tissue mechanics. We hypothesized that changes in tissue properties might be related to changes in the extracellular matrix component proteoglycans (PGs). The effect of different ventilation regimens on lung tissue mechanics and PGs was examined in an in vivo rat model. Animals were anesthetized, tracheostomized, and ventilated at a tidal volume of 8 (Vt 8), 20, or 30 (Vt 30) ml/kg, positive end-expiratory pressure of 0 (PEEP0) or 1.5 (PEEP1.5) cmH2O, and frequency of 1.5 Hz for 2 h. The constant-phase model was used to derive airway

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Valentim da Silva, Rodrigo Marcel, Priscila Arend Barichello, Melyssa Lima Medeiros, Waléria Cristina Miranda de Mendonça, Jung Siung Camel Dantas, Oscar Ariel Ronzio, Patricia Meyer Froes, and Hassan Galadari. "Effect of Capacitive Radiofrequency on the Fibrosis of Patients with Cellulite." Dermatology Research and Practice 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/715829.

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Background. Cellulite is a type of lipodystrophy that develops primarily from an alteration in blood circulation or of the lymphatic system that causes structural changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue, collagen, and adjacent proteoglycans. The radiofrequency devices used for cutaneous applications have shown different physiological treatment effects, but there is controversy about the suitable parameters for this type of treatment.Objectives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of low-temperature radiofrequency to confirm the thinning of the collagen tissue and interlobular sept

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8

Gilbert, Sophie Jane, Cleo Selina Bonnet, and Emma Jane Blain. "Mechanical Cues: Bidirectional Reciprocity in the Extracellular Matrix Drives Mechano-Signalling in Articular Cartilage." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 24 (December 18, 2021): 13595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413595.

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The composition and organisation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly the pericellular matrix (PCM), in articular cartilage is critical to its biomechanical functionality; the presence of proteoglycans such as aggrecan, entrapped within a type II collagen fibrillar network, confers mechanical resilience underweight-bearing. Furthermore, components of the PCM including type VI collagen, perlecan, small leucine-rich proteoglycans—decorin and biglycan—and fibronectin facilitate the transduction of both biomechanical and biochemical signals to the residing chondrocytes, thereby regulati

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Alter, S. C., D. D. Metcalfe, T. R. Bradford, and L. B. Schwartz. "Regulation of human mast cell tryptase. Effects of enzyme concentration, ionic strength and the structure and negative charge density of polysaccharides." Biochemical Journal 248, no. 3 (December 15, 1987): 821–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2480821.

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Tryptase was previously shown to undergo rapid inactivation under physiological conditions unless stabilized by the presence of heparin. The current study shows that increasing the concentration of free tryptase enhances the preservation of enzymic activity, consistent with dissociation of the tetramer, rather than autodegradation, as the mechanism of inactivation. Heparin glycosaminoglycan fragments of Mr greater than 5700 are necessary for complete stabilization of tryptase activity. This stabilizing effect depends upon negative charge density rather than carbohydrate composition. Thus, kera

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Lee, Young Hun, Jun Hyoung Park, Dong Huey Cheon, Taeyoung Kim, Yae Eun Park, Eok-Soo Oh, Ji Eun Lee, and Seung-Taek Lee. "Processing of syndecan-2 by matrix metalloproteinase-14 and effect of its cleavage on VEGF-induced tube formation of HUVECs." Biochemical Journal 474, no. 22 (November 1, 2017): 3719–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20170340.

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Syndecans (SDCs) are transmembrane proteoglycans that are involved in cell adhesion and cell communication. Specifically, SDC2 plays a key role in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Previously, we found that rat SDC2 is shed by matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) in colon cancer cells. Here, we analyzed the susceptibility of rat SDC2 to various MMPs. We found that the rat SDC2 ectodomain (ECD) fused to the C-terminal Fc region, which was expressed in mammalian cells, was cleaved more efficiently by MMP-14 than MMP-7. Likewise, when anchored on the surface of HeLa cells, rat SDC2 was c

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Kim, S. W., M. J. Lee, B. C. Yang, G. S. Im, H. H. Seong, B. S. Yang, H. T. Cheong, and D. H. Kim. "186 THE EFFECT OF MATRIGEL ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF IN VITRO-FERTILIZED PORCINE EMBRYOS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 19, no. 1 (2007): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv19n1ab186.

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The application of matrix proteins to culture systems for growth of embryos is a logical extension in the quest to better simulate the in vivo culture environment. Matrigel, a commercially available extracellular matrix product containing collagen IV, laminin, entactin, and proteoglycans isolated from mouse tumor cells, has been tested. Development of mouse pre-implantation embryos cultivated in conventional culture medium was contrasted to that of embryos grown in solubilized Matrigel medium. In the solubilized Matrigel medium, in vitro blastocyst formation and hatching were significantly enh

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Chen, Yunliang, Michael Scully, Gloria Dawson, Christopher Goodwin, Min Xia, Xinjie Lu, and Ajay Kakkar. "Perturbation of the heparin/heparin-sulfate interactome of human breast cancer cells modulates pro-tumourigenic effects associated with PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signalling." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 109, no. 06 (2013): 1148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th12-12-0935.

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SummaryHeparansulfate-proteoglycans (HSPGs) interact via their polyanionic heparansulfate (HS) side chains with a variety of proteins on the cell surface or within the extracellular matrix membrane. The large number of heparin/HS binding proteins form a highly interconnected functional network, which has been termed as the heparin/HS interactome and is functionally linked to physiological and pathological processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the global effect of these protein-HSPG interactions on the tumourigenicity of two breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). Cancer

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Wan, Lu Ming, Shi Kun Zhang, Su Bo Li, Wen Li, Shou Ping Ji, Lin Gong, Zhi Min Yun, et al. "Heparanase Facilitates PMA-Induced Megakaryocytic Differentiation in K562 Cells via Interleukin 6/STAT3 Pathway." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 120, no. 04 (April 2020): 647–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1705117.

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AbstractHeparanase (HPSE) is an endo-β-D-glucuronidase that cleaves heparan sulfate and hence participates in remodeling of the extracellular matrix, leading to release of cytokines that are immobilized by binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), and consequently activating signaling pathways. This function of HPSE is correlated to its expression level that is normally very low in majority of the tissues. Exceptionally, human platelets express high level of HPSE, suggesting a unique physiological role in this cell. Using K562 cell line, we found a progressive increase of HPSE during t

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Lo, Wen-Cheng, Navneet Kumar Dubey, Feng-Chou Tsai, Jui-Hua Lu, Bou-Yue Peng, Pao-Chang Chiang, Abhinay Kumar Singh, Chia-Yu Wu, Hsin-Chung Cheng, and Win-Ping Deng. "Amelioration of Nicotine-Induced Osteoarthritis by Platelet-Derived Biomaterials Through Modulating IGF-1/AKT/IRS-1 Signaling Axis." Cell Transplantation 29 (January 1, 2020): 096368972094734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963689720947348.

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Besides inhalation, a few studies have indicated that the uptake of nicotine through air or clothing may be a significant pathway of its exposure among passive smokers. Nicotine is well known to exert various physiological impacts, including stimulating sympathetic nervous system, causing vascular disturbances, and inducing cell death. Therefore, we aimed to establish whether exposure of nicotine could induce articular cartilage degeneration in a mouse model of osteoarthritis (OA). We specifically assessed dose-dependent effect of nicotine in vitro to mimic its accumulation. Further, during th

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15

Bauch, Juliane, and Andreas Faissner. "The Extracellular Matrix Proteins Tenascin-C and Tenascin-R Retard Oligodendrocyte Precursor Maturation and Myelin Regeneration in a Cuprizone-Induced Long-Term Demyelination Animal Model." Cells 11, no. 11 (May 28, 2022): 1773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11111773.

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Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. The physiological importance of oligodendrocytes is highlighted by diseases such as multiple sclerosis, in which the myelin sheaths are degraded and the axonal signal transmission is compromised. In a healthy brain, spontaneous remyelination is rare, and newly formed myelin sheaths are thinner and shorter than the former ones. The myelination process requires the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and is influenced by proteins of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which c

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Karlsson, K., U. Lindahl, and S. L. Marklund. "Binding of human extracellular superoxide dismutase C to sulphated glycosaminoglycans." Biochemical Journal 256, no. 1 (November 15, 1988): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2560029.

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The secretory enzyme extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) occurs in at least three forms, which differ with regard to heparin affinity: A lacks affinity, B has intermediate affinity, and C has relatively strong affinity. The affinity of EC-SOD C for various sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) was assessed (a) by determining the concentration of NaCl required to release the enzyme from GAG-substituted Sepharose 4B and (b) by determining the relative potencies of the GAGs to release EC-SOD C from heparan sulphate-Sepharose 4B. Both methods indicated the same order of affinity. Heparin bou

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Feige, J. J., J. D. Bradley, K. Fryburg, J. Farris, L. C. Cousens, P. J. Barr, and A. Baird. "Differential effects of heparin, fibronectin, and laminin on the phosphorylation of basic fibroblast growth factor by protein kinase C and the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A." Journal of Cell Biology 109, no. 6 (December 1, 1989): 3105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.109.6.3105.

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Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is synthesized as a phosphoprotein by both bovine capillary endothelial and human hepatoma cells in culture. Because basic FGF is characterized by its high affinity for heparin and its association in vivo with the extracellular matrix, we examined the possibility that the phosphorylation of this growth factor by purified protein kinase C (PK-C) and the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase-A (PK-A) can be modulated by components of the extracellular matrix. Heparin and other glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) inhibit the ability of PK-C to phosphorylate

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Wadstein, Jan, Israel Sánchez Alvarez, and Lidia Bernal López. "Managing Skin Ageing as a Modifiable Disorder—The Clinical Application of Nourella® Dual Approach Comprising a Nano-Encapsulated Retinoid, Retilex-A® and a Skin Proteoglycan Replacement Therapy, Vercilex®." Cosmetics 9, no. 2 (March 15, 2022): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics9020031.

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Skin ageing is a progressive, but modifiable, multi-factorial disorder that involves all the skin’s tissues. Due to its wide range of physiological and psychosocial complications, skin ageing requires rigorous clinical attention. In this review, we aim to encourage clinicians to consider skin ageing as a disorder and suggest a novel, dual approach to its clinical treatment. Topical retinoids and per-oral proteoglycans are promising, non-invasive, therapeutic modalities. To overcome the low bioavailability of conventional free retinoids, Nourella® cream with Retilex-A® (Pharma Medico, Aarhus, D

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McQuillan, D. J., C. J. Handley, M. A. Campbell, S. Bolis, V. E. Milway, and A. C. Herington. "Stimulation of proteoglycan biosynthesis by serum and insulin-like growth factor-I in cultured bovine articular cartilage." Biochemical Journal 240, no. 2 (December 1, 1986): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2400423.

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The addition of foetal calf serum to explant cultures of adult bovine articular cartilage is known to stimulate proteoglycan synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. We have now shown the activity in serum responsible for this effect to be heat- and acid-stable, to be associated with a high-Mr complex in normal serum but converted to a low-Mr form under acid conditions. The activity has an apparent Mr approximately 10,000 and isoelectric points similar to those reported for insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). Addition of a monoclonal antibody against insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) prevented

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Kelkar, R., and G. A. Ateshian. "Contact Creep of Biphasic Cartilage Layers." Journal of Applied Mechanics 66, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2789140.

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Integral transform methods are used to solve the contact creep problem between two identical cylindrical biphasic cartilage layers bonded to rigid impermeable subchondral bone substrates. The biphasic model employed for cartilage consists of a binary mixture of an incompressible porous-permeable solid phase and an incompressible fluid phase. Solutions are obtained as a function of time, from the instantaneous to the equilibrium responses of the tissue. A significant result of this analysis is that under application of a step load, fluid pressurization may support upward of 96 percent of the to

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Stringer, S. E. "The role of heparan sulphate proteoglycans in angiogenesis." Biochemical Society Transactions 34, no. 3 (May 22, 2006): 451–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0340451.

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The presence of HS (heparan sulphate) proteoglycans on the cell surface and in the extracellular environment is critical to many physiological processes including the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature (angiogenesis). A plethora of growth factors and their receptors, extracellular matrix molecules and enzymes bind to specific sites on the HS sugar chain. For example, HS proteoglycans have profound effects on the bioactivity of the key angiogenic factor VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) (VEGF165), affecting its diffusion, half-life and interaction with its tyrosin

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Fontanil, Tania, Yamina Mohamedi, Jorge Espina-Casado, Álvaro J. Obaya, Teresa Cobo, and Santiago Cal. "Hyalectanase Activities by the ADAMTS Metalloproteases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 2988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062988.

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The hyalectan family is composed of the proteoglycans aggrecan, versican, brevican and neurocan. Hyalectans, also known as lecticans, are components of the extracellular matrix of different tissues and play essential roles in key biological processes including skeletal development, and they are related to the correct maintenance of the vascular and central nervous system. For instance, hyalectans participate in the organization of structures such as perineural nets and in the regulation of neurite outgrowth or brain recovery following a traumatic injury. The ADAMTS (A Disintegrin and Metallopr

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Uhlin-Hansen, L., D. Langvoll, T. Wik, and SO Kolset. "Blood platelets stimulate the expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in human monocytes." Blood 80, no. 4 (August 15, 1992): 1058–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v80.4.1058.1058.

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Abstract Mononuclear phagocytes synthesize chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG), which is constitutively secreted. Because mononuclear phagocytes are known to interact with blood platelets, the effect of platelets on the release of CSPG in cultured human monocytes was investigated. After 6 days in vitro, the monocytes were supplied with fresh medium with different additions and subsequently exposed to [35S]sulfate for 24 hours before the medium fractions were harvested and analyzed for content of [35S]CSPG. Indirect evidence for the release of stimulatory factors from blood platelets was fo

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Uhlin-Hansen, L., D. Langvoll, T. Wik, and SO Kolset. "Blood platelets stimulate the expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in human monocytes." Blood 80, no. 4 (August 15, 1992): 1058–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v80.4.1058.bloodjournal8041058.

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Mononuclear phagocytes synthesize chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG), which is constitutively secreted. Because mononuclear phagocytes are known to interact with blood platelets, the effect of platelets on the release of CSPG in cultured human monocytes was investigated. After 6 days in vitro, the monocytes were supplied with fresh medium with different additions and subsequently exposed to [35S]sulfate for 24 hours before the medium fractions were harvested and analyzed for content of [35S]CSPG. Indirect evidence for the release of stimulatory factors from blood platelets was found when

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Vlodavsky, Israel, and Jin-ping Li. "Heparin, heparan sulfate and heparanase in inflammatory reactions." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 102, no. 11 (2009): 823–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th09-02-0091.

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SummaryHeparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix of most animal tissues are essential in development and homeostasis, and are implicated in disease processes. Emerging evidence demonstrates the important roles of HS in inflammatory reactions, particularly in the regulation of leukocyte extravasation. Heparin, a classical anticoagulant, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in animal models and in the clinic,presumably through interference with the functions of HS, as both polysaccharides share a high similarity in molecular structure. Apart of regulati

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Muhl, Lars, Etty Zwang, Neta Ilan, Yair Herishanu, Varda Deutsch, Elizabeth Naparstek, Israel Vlodavsky, Klaus Preissner, and Ben-Zion Katz. "Heparanase modulates heparinoids anticoagulant activities via non-enzymatic mechanisms." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 98, no. 12 (2007): 1193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th07-04-0256.

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SummaryA key element for the physiological restriction of blood coagulation at the endothelial cell surface is its non-thrombogenic property, mainly attributed to cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Heparanase is an endo-β-D-glucuronidase with specific heparan sulfate degrading activity, which is produced and stored in platelets, and is released upon their activation. We examined the effects of heparanase pro-enzyme on coagulation functions, predominantly under physiological conditions. While heparanase pro-enzyme does not directly affect coagulation protein activities, it has profound

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Dunzendorfer, Stefan, Nicole Kaneider, Andrea Rabensteiner, Christian Meierhofer, Christina Reinisch, Jürgen Römisch, and Christian J. Wiedermann. "Cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan–mediated regulation of human neutrophil migration by the serpin antithrombin III." Blood 97, no. 4 (February 15, 2001): 1079–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v97.4.1079.

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Abstract The serpin antithrombin III (AT III) is reported to have hemostasis-regulating and anti-inflammatory properties. To determine its ability to influence thrombin-independent leukocyte responses, the direct effects of the AT III concentrate Kybernin P and a monoclonal antibody-purified AT III on neutrophil migration were studied. Chemotactic activity of human neutrophils isolated from the blood of healthy donors was determined in modified Boyden microchemotaxis chambers, and binding studies were performed according to standard experimental protocols. Preincubation in vitro of neutrophils

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ABRAHAMSSON, S.-O. "Exposure to Air during Surgery Inhibits Cellular Activity in Flexor Tendons." Journal of Hand Surgery 21, no. 3 (June 1996): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-7681(05)80188-3.

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In order to investigate the cellular effects of exposure to air during surgery and to compare the effects of simultaneous irrigation with physiological saline, the deep flexor tendons of both forepaws of 12 rabbits were surgically exposed. In one experiment, the extent of surgical exposure and, in a second experiment, the time of exposure was evaluated. Treated segments of the flexor tendons were collected and labelled in vitro for determination of the ability to synthesize DNA, proteoglycan, collagen and non-collagen protein. With increasing surgical exposure in vivo, an increasing rate of ce

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Simsa-Maziel, Stav, Janna Zaretsky, Adi Reich, Yoav Koren, Ron Shahar, and Efrat Monsonego-Ornan. "IL-1RI participates in normal growth plate development and bone modeling." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 305, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): E15—E21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00335.2012.

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The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) signals through IL-1 receptor type I (IL-1RI) and induces osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption mainly during pathological conditions. Little is known about the effect of excess or absence of IL-1 signaling on the physiological development of the growth plate and bone. In this study, we examine growth plate morphology, bone structure, and mechanical properties as well as osteoclast number in IL-1RI knockout mice to evaluate the role of IL-1RI in the normal development of the growth plate and bone. We show for the first time that IL-1RI knockou

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Lu, Y., K. H. Parker, and W. Wang. "Effects of osmotic pressure in the extracellular matrix on tissue deformation." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 364, no. 1843 (April 18, 2006): 1407–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1778.

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In soft tissues, large molecules such as proteoglycans trapped in the extracellular matrix (ECM) generate high levels of osmotic pressure to counter-balance external pressures. The semi-permeable matrix and fixed negative charges on these molecules serve to promote the swelling of tissues when there is an imbalance of molecular concentrations. Structural molecules, such as collagen fibres, form a network of stretch-resistant matrix, which prevents tissue from over-swelling and keeps tissue integrity. However, collagen makes little contribution to load bearing; the osmotic pressure in the ECM i

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Ethell, Iryna M., Kazuki Hagihara, Yoshiaki Miura, Fumitoshi Irie, and Yu Yamaguchi. "Synbindin, a Novel Syndecan-2–Binding Protein in Neuronal Dendritic Spines." Journal of Cell Biology 151, no. 1 (October 2, 2000): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.151.1.53.

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Dendritic spines are small protrusions on the surface of dendrites that receive the vast majority of excitatory synapses. We previously showed that the cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-2 induces spine formation upon transfection into hippocampal neurons. This effect requires the COOH-terminal EFYA sequence of syndecan-2, suggesting that cytoplasmic molecules interacting with this sequence play a critical role in spine morphogenesis. Here, we report a novel protein that binds to the EFYA motif of syndecan-2. This protein, named synbindin, is expressed by neurons in a pattern s

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Wright, Malcolm, Paresh Jobanputra, Charles Bavington, Donald M. Salter, and George Nuki. "Effects of Intermittent Pressure-Induced Strain on the Electrophysiology of Cultured Human Chondrocytes: Evidence for the Presence of Stretch-Activated Membrane Ion Channels." Clinical Science 90, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0900061.

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1. Cyclical pressurization of cultured chondrocytes results in increases in cyclic AMP and in the rate of proteoglycan synthesis. Intermittent increases in hydrostatic pressure are also associated with hyperpolarization of chondrocyte cell membranes and activation of Ca2+-dependent K+-ion channels but the physiological basis for this response to mechanical stimulation is unclear. 2. Experiments have been undertaken to better define the types of ion channels involved and to explore the possibility that the hyperpolarization response associated with cyclical pressurization of chondrocytes follow

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Medica, Pietro, Cristina Cravana, Alida Maria Ferlazzo, and Esterina Fazio. "Age-related functional changes of total thyroid hormones and glycosaminoglycans in growing calves." April-2020 13, no. 4 (2020): 681–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.681-686.

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Background and Aim: During the physiological growing, thyroid and proteoglycan glycosaminoglycan (GAG) changes dynamically occur, according to genetic and non-genetic factors. The purpose of this research was to compare the effects of early postnatal development (10 days) until 210 days of life on the triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), the relative T4:T3 ratio, and GAGs profile, and to define the different reference intervals of the calf's development through the various growing phases. Materials and Methods: The effect of growing on total thyroid hormones and GAG profiles was studied from

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Kunicki, Thomas J., Daniel Diaz, Shirley A. Williams, Richard W. Farndale та Diane J. Nugent. "The Integrin α2 Dimorphism E534K Modulates Platelet Binding to Decorin but Not Collagen I",. Blood 118, № 21 (18 листопада 2011): 3256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.3256.3256.

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Abstract Abstract 3256 Background. Integrin a2b1-mediated adhesion to collagens supports cellular attachment, while decorin binding by a2b1 often attenuates adhesion. Collagen I binds to the a2 I-domain via the triple-helical sequence GFOGER, but the decorin binding site is not within the a2 I-domain and has not yet been identified. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the a2 gene ITGA2 (rs1801106) (G1600A) resulting in the amino acid substitution glutamate-534 to lysine-534 (E534K) is the basis for one of the most important human platelet alloantigen (HPA) systems, HPA-5, yet HPA-5 alleles do

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Sottile, Jane, Feng Shi, Inna Rublyevska, Hou-Yu Chiang, Joseph Lust, and Jennifer Chandler. "Fibronectin-dependent collagen I deposition modulates the cell response to fibronectin." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 293, no. 6 (December 2007): C1934—C1946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00130.2007.

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Communication between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for regulation of cell growth, survival, migration, and differentiation. Remodeling of the ECM can occur under normal physiological conditions, as a result of tissue injury, and in certain pathological conditions. ECM remodeling leads to alterations in ECM composition and organization that can alter many aspects of cell behavior, including cell migration. The cell migratory response varies depending on the type, amount, and organization of ECM molecules present, as well as the integrin and proteoglycan repertoire of the

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Schönherr, Elke, Cord Sunderkötter, Renato V. Iozzo, and Liliana Schaefer. "Decorin, a Novel Player in the Insulin-like Growth Factor System." Journal of Biological Chemistry 280, no. 16 (February 8, 2005): 15767–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m500451200.

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Decorin is a multifunctional proteoglycan that is expressed by sprouting endothelial cells. Its expression supports capillary formation and cell survival. Previously, it was shown that some effects of decorin are mediated by protein kinase B and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21. However, the cell surface receptor responsible for these effects was unknown. We demonstrate that decorin binds to the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptor on endothelial cells with an affinity in the nanomolar range (KD= 18 nm), which is comparable with IGF-I (KD= 1.2 nm). Furthermore, decorin can b

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37

Takeno, Kenichi, Shigeru Kobayashi, Kohei Negoro, Kenzo Uchida, Tsuyoshi Miyazaki, Takafumi Yayama, Seiichiro Shimada, and Hisatoshi Baba. "Physical limitations to tissue engineering of intervertebral disc cells: effect of extracellular osmotic change on glycosaminoglycan production and cell metabolism." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 7, no. 6 (December 2007): 637–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi-07/12/637.

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Object In this study, the authors examined how physiological levels of extracellular osmolality influence proteoglycan accumulation in nucleus pulposus cells in a 3D culture system. Methods Cells were isolated from the nucleus pulposus of caudal discs obtained from 18- to 24-month-old bovines. They were cultured for 6 days in alginate beads at 4 million cells/ml in Dulbecco modified Eagle medium containing 6% fetal bovine serum under 21% O2. Medium osmolality was altered by NaCl addition between 270 and 570 mOsm and monitored using a freezing point osmometer. The cell viability profile was det

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Salek-Ardakani, Shahram, John R. Arrand, David Shaw, and Mike Mackett. "Heparin and heparan sulfate bind interleukin-10 and modulate its activity." Blood 96, no. 5 (September 1, 2000): 1879–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v96.5.1879.

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Abstract Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are a group of negatively charged molecules that have been shown to bind and directly regulate the bioactivity of growth factors and cytokines such as basic fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor-β, IL-7, and interferon-γ. The ability of GAG to interact with human IL-10 (hIL-10) and the effect of these interactions on its biologic activity were analyzed. It was demonstrated by affinity chromatography that hIL-10 binds strongly to heparin–agarose at physiological pH. Biosensor-based binding kinetic analysis indicated an equilibrium dissociation co

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Salek-Ardakani, Shahram, John R. Arrand, David Shaw, and Mike Mackett. "Heparin and heparan sulfate bind interleukin-10 and modulate its activity." Blood 96, no. 5 (September 1, 2000): 1879–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v96.5.1879.h8001879_1879_1888.

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Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are a group of negatively charged molecules that have been shown to bind and directly regulate the bioactivity of growth factors and cytokines such as basic fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor-β, IL-7, and interferon-γ. The ability of GAG to interact with human IL-10 (hIL-10) and the effect of these interactions on its biologic activity were analyzed. It was demonstrated by affinity chromatography that hIL-10 binds strongly to heparin–agarose at physiological pH. Biosensor-based binding kinetic analysis indicated an equilibrium dissociation constant, K

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Jahr, Holger, Anna E. van der Windt, Ufuk Tan Timur, Esther B. Baart, Wei-Shiung Lian, Bernd Rolauffs, Feng-Sheng Wang та Thomas Pufe. "Physosmotic Induction of Chondrogenic Maturation Is TGF-β Dependent and Enhanced by Calcineurin Inhibitor FK506". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, № 9 (4 травня 2022): 5110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095110.

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Increasing extracellular osmolarity 100 mOsm/kg above plasma level to the physiological levels for cartilage induces chondrogenic marker expression and the differentiation of chondroprogenitor cells. The calcineurin inhibitor FK506 has been reported to modulate the hypertrophic differentiation of primary chondrocytes under such conditions, but the molecular mechanism has remained unclear. We aimed at clarifying its role. Chondrocyte cell lines and primary cells were cultured under plasma osmolarity and chondrocyte-specific in situ osmolarity (+100 mOsm, physosmolarity) was increased to compare

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Busiek, D. F., V. Baragi, L. C. Nehring, W. C. Parks, and H. G. Welgus. "Matrilysin expression by human mononuclear phagocytes and its regulation by cytokines and hormones." Journal of Immunology 154, no. 12 (June 15, 1995): 6484–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.154.12.6484.

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Abstract Matrilysin is a recently described metalloproteinase with strong catalytic activity against a variety of extracellular matrix substrates including proteoglycans, elastin, laminin, fibronectin, gelatin, and entactin. Production of this metalloproteinase appears to be limited only to a few normal human cell types including glandular epithelium, mononuclear phagocytes, and renal mesangial cells. Furthermore, matrilysin expression in vivo has been demonstrated only in glandular epithelium, especially the endometrium. In the process of examining various cutaneous and lung inflammatory diso

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Sun, D. D., X. E. Guo, M. Likhitpanichkul, W. M. Lai, and V. C. Mow. "The Influence of the Fixed Negative Charges on Mechanical and Electrical Behaviors of Articular Cartilage Under Unconfined Compression." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 126, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1644562.

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Unconfined compression test has been frequently used to study the mechanical behaviors of articular cartilage, both theoretically and experimentally. It has also been used in explant and gel-cell-complex studies in tissue engineering. In biphasic and poroelastic theories, the effect of charges fixed on the proteoglycan macromolecules in articular cartilage is embodied in the apparent compressive Young’s modulus and the apparent Poisson’s ratio of the tissue, and the fluid pressure is considered to be the portion above the osmotic pressure. In order to understand how proteoglycan fixed charges

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Sweeney, Elizabeth A., Hugues Lortat-Jacob, Gregory V. Priestley, Betty Nakamoto, and Thalia Papayannopoulou. "Sulfated polysaccharides increase plasma levels of SDF-1 in monkeys and mice: involvement in mobilization of stem/progenitor cells." Blood 99, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v99.1.44.

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It was previously reported that treatment with the sulfated polysaccharide fucoidan or the structurally similar dextran sulfate increased circulating mature white blood cells and hematopoietic progenitor/stem cells (HPCs) in mice and nonhuman primates; however, the mechanism mediating these effects was unclear. It is reported here that plasma concentrations of the highly potent chemoattractant stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) increase rapidly and dramatically after treatment with fucoidan in monkeys and in mice, coinciding with decreased levels in bone marrow. In vitro and in vivo data suggest

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Suki, Béla, Satoru Ito, Dimitrije Stamenović, Kenneth R. Lutchen, and Edward P. Ingenito. "Biomechanics of the lung parenchyma: critical roles of collagen and mechanical forces." Journal of Applied Physiology 98, no. 5 (May 2005): 1892–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01087.2004.

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The biomechanical properties of connective tissues play fundamental roles in how mechanical interactions of the body with its environment produce physical forces at the cellular level. It is now recognized that mechanical interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) have major regulatory effects on cellular physiology and cell-cycle kinetics that can lead to the reorganization and remodeling of the ECM. The connective tissues are composed of cells and the ECM, which includes water and a variety of biological macromolecules. The macromolecules that are most important in determi

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Boyle, Kathleen A., and Teresa Compton. "Receptor-Binding Properties of a Soluble Form of Human Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein B." Journal of Virology 72, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 1826–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.3.1826-1833.1998.

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ABSTRACT The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein B (gB) (also known as gpUL55) homolog is an important mediator of virus entry and cell-to-cell dissemination of infection. To examine the potential ligand-binding properties of gB, a soluble form of gB (gB-S) was radiolabeled, purified, and tested in cell-binding experiments. Binding of gB-S to human fibroblast cells was found to occur in a dose-dependent, saturable, and specific manner. Scatchard analysis demonstrated a biphasic plot with the following estimated dissociation constants (Kd ): K d1, 4.96 × 10−6 M; K d2, 3.07 × 10−7 M. Cell

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46

Fumagalli, Marta, Simona Daniele, Davide Lecca, Philip R. Lee, Chiara Parravicini, R. Douglas Fields, Patrizia Rosa, et al. "Phenotypic Changes, Signaling Pathway, and Functional Correlates of GPR17-expressing Neural Precursor Cells during Oligodendrocyte Differentiation." Journal of Biological Chemistry 286, no. 12 (January 4, 2011): 10593–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m110.162867.

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The developing and mature central nervous system contains neural precursor cells expressing the proteoglycan NG2. Some of these cells continuously differentiate to myelin-forming oligodendrocytes; knowledge of the destiny of NG2+ precursors would benefit from the characterization of new key functional players. In this respect, the G protein-coupled membrane receptor GPR17 has recently emerged as a new timer of oligodendrogliogenesis. Here, we used purified oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) to fully define the immunophenotype of the GPR17-expressing cells during OPC differentiation, unveil

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Edwards, Danielle N., and Gregory J. Bix. "Roles of blood-brain barrier integrins and extracellular matrix in stroke." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 316, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): C252—C263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00151.2018.

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Ischemicstroke is a leading cause of death and disability in the United States, but recent advances in treatments [i.e., endovascular thrombectomy and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)] that target the stroke-causing blood clot, while improving overall stroke mortality rates, have had much less of an impact on overall stroke morbidity. This may in part be attributed to the lack of therapeutics targeting reperfusion-induced injury after the blood clot has been removed, which, if left unchecked, can expand injury from its core into the surrounding at risk tissue (penumbra). This occurs in two

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Sidis, Yisrael, Alan L. Schneyer, and Henry T. Keutmann. "Heparin and Activin-Binding Determinants in Follistatin and FSTL3." Endocrinology 146, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2004-1041.

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Local regulation of pituitary FSH secretion and many other cellular processes by follistatin (FS) can be ascribed to its potent ability to bind and bioneutralize activin, in conjunction with binding to cell surface heparan-sulfate proteoglycans through a basic heparin-binding sequence (HBS; residues 75–86) in the first of the three FS domains. The FS homolog, FSTL3, also binds activin, but lacks any HBS and cannot associate with cell surfaces. We have used mutational analyses to define the determinants for heparin binding and activin interaction in FS and to determine the effects of conferring

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Bordin, S., B. Ghebrehiwet, and R. C. Page. "Participation of C1q and its receptor in adherence of human diploid fibroblast." Journal of Immunology 145, no. 8 (October 15, 1990): 2520–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.145.8.2520.

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Abstract C1q binds through its collagen-like domain to specific surface receptors of fibroblasts and to adhesive elements of extracellular matrix including fibronectin, collagens, proteoglycans, and laminin. To determine whether C1q participates in fibroblast adhesion, cells in serum-free medium were plated on surfaces coated with purified C1q at physiologic ionic strength and pH. Surfaces coated with fibronectin or collagen type I served as positive controls, and those coated with BSA were negative controls. Substratum-adsorbed C1q promoted fibroblast adhesion to a maximum of 73% of available

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Buschmann, M. D., Y. A. Gluzband, A. J. Grodzinsky, and E. B. Hunziker. "Mechanical compression modulates matrix biosynthesis in chondrocyte/agarose culture." Journal of Cell Science 108, no. 4 (April 1, 1995): 1497–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.108.4.1497.

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This study focuses on the effect of static and dynamic mechanical compression on the biosynthetic activity of chondrocytes cultured within agarose gel. Chondrocyte/agarose disks (3 mm diameter) were placed between impermeable platens and subjected to uniaxial unconfined compression at various times in culture (2-43 days). [35S]sulfate and [3H]proline radiolabel incorporation were used as measures of proteoglycan and protein synthesis, respectively. Graded levels of static compression (up to 50%) produced little or no change in biosynthesis at very early times, but resulted in significant decre

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