Contents
Academic literature on the topic 'Protéomique – Dissertations universitaires'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Protéomique – Dissertations universitaires.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Protéomique – Dissertations universitaires"
Bruneel, Arnaud. "Etude protéomique des cellules endothéliales et identification de protéines impliquées dans leur apoptose induite par l'étoposide." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05P629.
Full textIn this work, we have carried out the proteomic study of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) using the combination of 2D-electrophoresis, automated trypsin digestion, peptide mass fingerprinting analysis after MALDI-TOF MS and peptide sequencing using nano LC-ESI-MS/MS. The overall functional characterization of the 162 identified proteins from primary cultures of HUVECs confirms the metabolic capabilities of endothelium and illustrates various cellular functions more related to cell motility and angiogenesis, protein folding, anti-oxidant defenses, signal transduction, proteasome and resistance to apoptosis. In comparison with controls cells, the differential proteomic analysis of HUVECs treated by the pro-apoptotic topoisomerase inhibitor etoposide further revealed the modulation of eight proteins namely, GRP78, GRP94, valosin-containing protein, proteinase inhibitor 9, cofilin, 37 kDa laminin receptor protein, bovine apolipoprotein and tropomyosin. These data suggest that etoposide-induced apoptosis of human vascular endothelial cells results from the intricate involvement of multiple apoptosis processes including at least the mitochondrial and the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. The presented 2D pattern and protein database,as well as the data related to apoptosis of HUVECs, are available at http://www. Huvec. Com
Lemesle, Gilles. "Recherche de biomarqueurs pronostiques dans l'insuffisance cardiaque." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S028/document.
Full textRisk stratification of patients with systolic chronic heart failure (HF) is critical to better identify those who may benefit the most from invasive therapeutic strategies such as cardiac transplantation. In spite of recent advances, risk stratification of HF patients needs to be further improved. Indeed, there remains variability in the prognosis with some patients who are categorized at low risk but experience early mortality; and conversely, patients categorized as severe but have an unexpectedly prolonged survival. Proteomics has been used to provide prognostic information in various diseases.Aim – Our aim was to investigate the potential value of plasma proteomic profiling for risk stratification in HF and to find new circulating biomarkers that are associated with early cardiovascular mortality of chronic HF patients.Methods and results – For that purpose, we first designed 2 populations: a discovery and a validation population. Both populations issued from the INsuffisance CArdiaque (INCA) cohort, which is constituted of all consecutive patients referred in our institution for extensive prognostic evaluation of systolic chronic HF (LVEF <45%) between November 1998 and May 2010. For the discovery phase (case/control population), we selected 198 patients included between November 1998 and December 2005: 99 patients who died from cardiovascular cause within 3 years after the initial evaluation (cases) were individually matched for age, sex, and HF etiology with 99 patients who were still alive at 3 years (controls). For the validation phase, we evaluated a cohort of 344 consecutive patients included between January 2006 and May 2010. Study populations were carefully phenotyped. Cardiovascular death included cardiovascular-related death, urgent transplantations defined as United Network for Organ Sharing status 1 and urgent assist device implantation. A proteomic profiling using surface enhanced laser desorption ionization - time of flight - mass spectrometry was then performed in the case/control discovery population on plasma samples collected at inclusion. Plasma samples were depleted for major proteins and randomly analyzed in duplicate using CM10 (Weak Cation Exchanger) and H50 (Reverse Phase) proteinchip arrays. Forty two ion m/z peaks were found differentially abundant between cases and controls in the discovery population and were used to develop proteomic scores predicting cardiovascular death using 3 statistical regression methods: support vector machine, sparse partial least square discriminant analysis and lasso logistic regression. The proteomic scores were then tested in the validation population and score levels were significantly higher in patients who subsequently died within 3 years with the 3 methods. Proteomic scores remained significantly associated with cardiovascular mortality after adjustment on confounders. Furthermore, use of the proteomic scores allowed a significant improvement in discrimination of HF patients as determined by integrated discrimination improvement and net reclassification improvement indexes on top of “classic” prognostic evaluation. The next step was the purification and identification of the proteins related to the different m/z peaks (n=13) that were found significantly differentially abundant in both populations. We have currently identified several peaks as apolipoproteins: 14511 CM10-BM (ApoA1), 29024 CM10-BM (ApoA1), 3267 H50-BM (ApoC1), 6416 H50-BM (ApoC1), 6616 H50-BM (ApoC1), 6825 H50-BM (ApoC1), 8764 H50-BM (ApoC3), 9421 H50-BM (ApoC3). This has led to the quantification of these apolipoproteins in the INCA population using mass reaction monitoring technique.Conclusion – Proteomic analysis of plasma proteins may help to improve risk prediction of early mortality in HF patients.Perspectives – Further investigations are ongoing in order to determine the impact of the different apolipoproteins tested in risk stratification of chronic HF patients
Baruthio, Frédérique. "Identification et caractérisation des protéines associées aux microdomaines membranaires et potentiellement impliquées dans la progression mélanome." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077181.
Full textHuman skin is composed of the epidermis and the dermis separated by a basement membrane. In the basal layer of the epidermis, melanocytes deliver melanin to keratinocytes, thereby protecting the skin from the deleterious effects of ultraviolet light. During their malignant transformation into melanoma cells, melanocytes physically dissociate from keratinocytes and express new growth factors or adhesion receptors, allowing them to interact with cell partners like fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Such interactions promote malignant cells dissemination and metastases formation in distant organs. Up to date, no therapy was successfully used for melanoma treatment. The idea is to assess molecular changes occurring in melanoma cells in order to develop new therapeutic targets. Data in the literature support the role of lipid rafts, specialized membrane microdomains enriched in particular lipids and proteins, in the modulation of important signaling events. We raised the hypothesis that the association of specific proteins with lipid rafts might be relevant to melanoma progression. We investigated by proteomics the lipid raft content of human melanoma cell lines derived from tumors at different stages of the disease and performed a differential analysis. We showed that 46 proteins were up- or down- regulated in lipid rafts of metastatic melanoma cells compared to non-invasive cells. For instance, Lactadherin was found to partition only in microdomains of the metastatic cells. Our characterization of this glycoprotein suggests that a Lactadherin splice form is implicated in primary tumor development and would thus constitute a promising molecular target for melanoma treatment
Bussone, Guillaume. "Caractérisation des cibles antigéniques des auto-anticorps au cours de la sclérodermie systémique et de l'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T038.
Full textIntroduction. Pathophysiology of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is not clearly established. By identifying new targets of auto-antibodies from patients, we tried to better understand the pathophysiology of these conditions. Methods. Reactivities contained in intravenous immunoglobulin preparations and of serum IgG from patients with SSc and/or PAH were tested by indirect immunofluorescence, 1-D and 2-D immunoblots on HEp-2 cell, fibroblast, endothelial cell (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) protein extracts, then identified by mass spectrometry and analysed using Pathway Studio software. ELISA using recombinant proteins and VSMC contraction assays were performed. Results. We characterized target antigens of normal human IgG on HEp-2 cell and EC protein extracts. In addition, new target antigens of anti-nuclear antibodies, involved in TGF-β pathway, were identified in patients with SSc. We also detected anti-fibroblast antibodies in the serum of patients with PAH, and lamin A/C and tubulin beta chain were identified as targets of anti-EC antibodies. Finally, we demonstrated that serum IgG from patients recognized VSMC, recognized well-defined targets and led to cellular contraction. Conclusion. New target antigens of auto-antibodies were identified in patients with SScand/or PAH, that could allow the development of diagnostic, prognostic and/or therapeutic tools
Doliwa, Christelle. "Caractérisation par protéomique et transcriptomique des mécanismes de résistance à la sulfadiazine chez Toxoplasma gondii." Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIMM203/document.
Full textToxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite responsible of a widespread infection, toxoplasmosis. Treatment options for toxoplasmosis are generally limited to combinations of sulfonamide and pyrimethamine which have a synergistic action on T. gondii folate synthesis by inhibiting two major enzymes: dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). However treatment failures have been reported, and three naturally sulfadiazine resistant strains, TgA 103001 (Type I), TgH 32006 (Type II) and TgH 32045 (Type II variant), have been described. In this work, we studied resistance mechanisms to sulfadiazine on T. gondii. We are interested, in a first time, on the involvement of target genes, dhps and dhfr, and ABC transporters, TgABC.B1, TgABC.B2, TgABC.C1 and TgABC.C2, in the sulfadiazine resistance on T. gondii. However, neither polymorphisms nor overexpression of these genes has been linked to resistance mechanisms. Then, we compared proteomes of naturally resistant strains to sensitive strains RH (Type I) and ME-49 (Type II) by DIGE. Among the 31 proteins differentially expressed between sensitive and resistant strains, four proteins, ROP2, MIC2, ENO2 and IMC1, seemed to be interesting. In order to avoid variations due to differences from genetic background, sensitive strains RH and ME-49 have been made resistant in vitro by gradual increase in sulfadiazine concentration. This resistance was checked in vitro by the development of a new chemosensitivity assay. We compared then, by 2-DE, proteomes of the type II strains, sensitive (ME-49) and resistant (ME-49-RSDZ and TgH 32006), without identifying candidates implicated in sulfadiazine resistance mechanisms. However, analysis of the sensitive strain ME-49 and the resistant strain ME-49-RSDZ, by microarrays, allowed us to identify a candidate belonging to folate synthesis pathways: folylpolyglutamate synthase
Moraes, Ventura Ana Paula. "Apport de la spectrométrie de masse à l'élucidation de mécanismes biologiques : de la protéomique à la biologie structurale." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA114815.
Full textTruong, Nhu Traï. "Etude de la régulation post-transcriptionnelle du CYP2B1 et 2E1 par l'insuline : mise en évidence et localisation d'une interaction ARN-protéines." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05S036.
Full textToubiana, Julie. "Signalisation de TLR2, organisation et variabilité de la réponse immunitaire innée." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05T016.
Full textHost invasion by micro-organisms induces an innate immune response that leads to cell activation, inflammation and potentially to the initiation of an adaptative response. Major differences are found within the organisation of innate immune responses depending on the pathogen, the invaded cell-type and the host itself. Initiation and organisation of innate immune responses facing bacteria, parasites, or fungi need the cooperation of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) with TLR1 or TLR6, and multimolecular complexes in lipid rafts that determine a specific response. However, our understanding of molecular interactions within lipid rafts remains cryptic. Specifically, little is known regarding the composition of signaling complexes induced by distinct pathogens and the activation mechanisms involved in the initiation and regulation of a potent inflammatory response. The aim of this research project was to investigate the mechanisms involved in recognition and signaling downstream TLR2, and factors that account for variability of the inflammatory phenotype. For this purpose, we established a differential proteomic strategy to identiy the composition of TLR2 activation cluster and post-translationnal modifications of proteins after the recruitment of TLR2 dimers to lipid rafts. This approach enabled us to identify tyrosine-kinase Lyn and IMPDHII as essential regulators of TLR2 signaling. In a translational approach, we studied the effect of an haplotype of IRAKI gene, which codes for a key signaling protein downstream TLRs, on clinical variability in patients with septic shock. Our results provide new insights in ogranisation, regulation and variability of innate imune response
Dib, Hanadi. "Caractérisation des cibles antigéniques des anticorps anti-cellules endothéliales au cours des maladies vasculaires auto-immunes." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05T022.
Full textThe endothelium is composed of a thin layer of cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels, thus forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. These cells, named endothelial cells (EC), line the entire circulatory system, from the heart to the smallest capillaries. EC differ, depending on the vessel type where they are located. Anti-EC antibodies (AECA) were identified in a large panel of systemic auto-immune and/or inflammatory diseases, particularly in systemic lupus erythematosus, anti-phospholipid syndrome, systemic sclerosis (SSc), idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (iPAH) and systemic vasculitis. These antibodies are able to activate EC and induce apoptosis, particularly in SSc. In the first part of this work, we were interested in the identification of target antigens of AECA in vascular inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. Using a 2-dimensional immunoblotting technique on total protein extracts of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) followed by mass spectrometry, we identified target antigens of AECA in normal human polyclonal IgG preparations, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg). Interestingly, very few of these antigens had previously been reported as targets of normal human self-reactive IgG and or detected in IVIg preparations. In addition, we investigated the reactivity profiles of serum IgG of patients with SSc with or without PAH, with iPAH or with giant cell arteritis (GCA) and we were able to identify specific target antigens of AECA in each of these conditions. Thus, we identified phosphoglycerate mutase 1 and vimentin in patients with SSc, peroxyredoxins 1 and 2 in SSc patients with PAH, profilin-1 in patients with iPAH and lamin A/C and vinculin in patients with GCA. In the second part of this work, we studied the proteomes of different types of EC to determine if the EC type can influence the recognition of these cells by AECA. We used the “2 Dimensional-Differential In Gel Electrophoresis” (2D-DIGE) to compare proteomes of 4 different caucasian donors HUVEC, pulmonary human microvascular EC (HMVEC-P) and dermal human microvascular EC (HMVEC-D) and found important differences between HUVEC and microvascular EC. Seventeen and 114 proteins showed at least a 1. 5 fold change expression between HUVEC and HMVEC-P and between HUVEC and HMVEC-D, respectively. A number of these proteins were involved in the proliferation and survival of EC. “Ingenuity” analysis showed that 57% of the 114 proteins differentially expressed between HUVEC and HMVEC-D were involved in susceptibility to retinoic acid and/or transforming growth factor-beta, which suggests that these 2 types of EC respond in a different manner in the presence of each of these molecules. Then, using a one-dimensional immunoblotting technique on HUVEC and HMVEC-D protein extracts, we found that reactivity profiles of serum IgG of patients with SSc differ between HUVEC and HMVEC-D. Overall, we were able to identify new target antigens of AECA in patients with SSc, iPAH or GCA. Most of these target antigens are involved in cell cycle and survival. However, the pathogenic role of these AECA needs further investigations. In addition, we have observed important differences between proteomes of macrovascular and microvascular EC and provided evidence that these differences influence EC function and immune recognition
Hochart-Behra, Anne-Cécile. "Caractérisation, étude du pouvoir antioxydant et du potentiel thérapeutique d'extraits de bactéroïdes thetaiotaomicron." Thesis, Lille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL2S051.
Full textOur team had discovered a new method to obtain extracts of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (E) which preserved its viability. This intestinal symbiont was anaerobically grown on an agar medium poorly supplemented in growth factors. After exposure to air, the bacterium seemed to possess and generate in E all the equipment able in vitro to detoxify reactive oxygen species. It let us expect a therapeutic power referred to anti-inflammatory properties.Objectives and methods: The aim was first to characterize E, in terms of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. To achieve this last-mentioned goal, proteins contained in E coming from living bacteria were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and identified by the peptide mass fingerprinting technique. The gels (n ≥ 6) were statistically analyzed (PDQuest®, Bio-Rad). To find the origin of these proteins in bacteria, they were compared with those obtained by destruction of B. thetaiotaomicron (BT) and identified in the cell fraction containing the bacterial outer membrane proteins. Electron microscopy work was also undertaken to visualize any event occurring during extraction.The antioxidative effect of standardized E extracts was checked in vitro. E safety was also controlled in cell models using polymorphonuclear neutrophils. An E anti-inflammatory effect was then searched in animal models. E was first evaluated using a skin irritation mouse model. Inflammation was induced by benzalkonium chloride on ears of anesthetized mice. Positive and negative controls were treated in parallel. The ear thickness was measured every hour for 5 h and histological ear sections were performed after 2h for some animals. Two different staining methods enabled the enumeration of degranulating mast cells in ear sections.The effect of the bacterial extract was next tested locally by intrarectal (IR) instillations in mice undergoing the early stages of inflammation in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. This acute model evolved over 8 days. In parallel, positive and negative animal controls underwent or not the colitis and were treated or not. Clinical and colonic histological severity scores were daily determined. Inflammation markers were measured in mouse colonic tissues after animal autopsy. [...]