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Journal articles on the topic 'Proterozoic atmosphere'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Pavlov, Alexander A., Matthew T. Hurtgen, James F. Kasting, and Michael A. Arthur. "Methane-rich Proterozoic atmosphere?" Geology 31, no. 1 (2003): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0087:mrpa>2.0.co;2.

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2

Carver, J. H., and I. M. Vardavas. "Precambrian glaciations and the evolution of the atmosphere." Annales Geophysicae 12, no. 7 (1994): 674–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-994-0674-3.

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Abstract. Precambrian glaciations appear to be confined to two periods, one in the early Proterozoic between 2.5 and 2 Gyears BP (Before Present) and the other in the late Proterozoic between 1 and 0.57 Gyear BP. Possible reasons for these broad features of the Precambrian climate have been investigated using a simple model for the mean surface temperature of the Earth that partially compensates for the evolution of the Sun by variations in the atmospheric CO2 content caused by outgassing, the formation of continents and the weathering of the Earth's land surface. It is shown that the model ca

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3

Yierpan, Aierken, Stephan König, Jabrane Labidi, and Ronny Schoenberg. "Recycled selenium in hot spot–influenced lavas records ocean-atmosphere oxygenation." Science Advances 6, no. 39 (2020): eabb6179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb6179.

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Oxygenation of Earth’s oceans and atmosphere through time has consequences for subducted surface signatures that are now stored in the mantle. Here, we report significant mass-dependent selenium isotope variations in modern hot spot–influenced oceanic lavas. These variations are correlated with tracers of mantle source enrichment, which can only be explained by incorporation of abyssal pelagic sediments subducted from a redox-stratified mid-Proterozoic ocean. Selenium geochemical signatures of these sediments have mostly been preserved during long-term recycling and may therefore complement th

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4

Olson, Stephanie L., Christopher T. Reinhard, and Timothy W. Lyons. "Limited role for methane in the mid-Proterozoic greenhouse." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 41 (2016): 11447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1608549113.

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Pervasive anoxia in the subsurface ocean during the Proterozoic may have allowed large fluxes of biogenic CH4to the atmosphere, enhancing the climatic significance of CH4early in Earth’s history. Indeed, the assumption of elevatedpCH4during the Proterozoic underlies most models for both anomalous climatic stasis during the mid-Proterozoic and extreme climate perturbation during the Neoproterozoic; however, the geologic record cannot directly constrain atmospheric CH4levels and attendant radiative forcing. Here, we revisit the role of CH4in Earth’s climate system during Proterozoic time. We use

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5

Shaw, George H. "Earth's atmosphere – Hadean to early Proterozoic." Geochemistry 68, no. 3 (2008): 235–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemer.2008.05.001.

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6

Tokadjian, Armen, Renyu Hu, and Mario Damiano. "The Detectability of CH₄/CO₂/CO and N₂O Biosignatures Through Reflection Spectroscopy of Terrestrial Exoplanets." Astronomical Journal 168, no. 6 (2024): 292. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad88eb.

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Abstract The chemical makeup of Earth’s atmosphere during the Archean (4–2.5 Ga) and Proterozoic eon (2.5–0.5 Ga) contrast considerably with the present-day: the Archean was rich in carbon dioxide and methane, and the Proterozoic had potentially higher amounts of nitrous oxide. CO2 and CH4 in an Archean Earth analog may be a compelling biosignature because their coexistence implies methane replenishment at rates unlikely to be abiotic. However, CH4 can also be produced through geological processes, and setting constraints on volcanic molecules such as CO may help address this ambiguity. N2O in

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7

Allen, John F., Brenda Thake, and William F. Martin. "Nitrogenase Inhibition Limited Oxygenation of Earth’s Proterozoic Atmosphere." Trends in Plant Science 24, no. 11 (2019): 1022–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2019.07.007.

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8

Large, Ross R., Indrani Mukherjee, Dan Gregory, Jeff Steadman, Ross Corkrey, and Leonid V. Danyushevsky. "Atmosphere oxygen cycling through the Proterozoic and Phanerozoic." Mineralium Deposita 54, no. 4 (2019): 485–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-019-00873-9.

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9

Liu, He, Robert E. Zartman, Trevor R. Ireland, and Wei-dong Sun. "Global atmospheric oxygen variations recorded by Th/U systematics of igneous rocks." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 38 (2019): 18854–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1902833116.

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Atmospheric oxygen has evolved from negligible levels in the Archean to the current level of about 21% through 2 major step rises: The Great Oxidation Event (GOE) in the early Proterozoic and the Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event (NOE) during the late Proterozoic. However, most previous methods for constraining the time of atmospheric oxygenation have relied on evidence from sedimentary rocks. Here, we investigate the temporal variations of the Th/U of arc igneous rocks since 3.0 billion y ago (Ga) and show that 2 major Th/U decreases are recorded at ca. 2.35 Ga and ca. 0.75 Ga, coincident with

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10

Morton, Roger D., and Amarendra Changkakoti. "The possible roles of Precambrian biota in the origin of magmatogene and hydrothermal silver-bearing vein deposits." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 24, no. 2 (1987): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e87-030.

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The origins of silver-bearing, polyelement vein associations in the Great Bear Lake region and elsewhere in the world might be traced back to possible organic-rich, Precambrian sedimentary protoliths. These protoliths could have yielded a characteristic spectrum of elements to hydrothermal systems during regional metamorphism or during anatexis to form S-type granitoids. Wholesale capture of metals and metalloids by microbiota and their remains may have been a characteristic of some Early Proterozoic marginal marine, mesosaline environments. Two possible atmosphere–hydrosphere–lithosphere mode

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11

Holland, H. D. "O2 and CO2 in the Late Archaean and Early Proterozoic Atmosphere." Mineralogical Magazine 58A, no. 1 (1994): 424–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1994.58a.1.221.

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12

Nisbet, Euan, and C. Mary R. Fowler. "The evolution of the atmosphere in the Archaean and early Proterozoic." Chinese Science Bulletin 56, no. 1 (2011): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11434-010-4199-8.

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13

Fakhraee, Mojtaba, Olivier Hancisse, Donald E. Canfield, Sean A. Crowe, and Sergei Katsev. "Proterozoic seawater sulfate scarcity and the evolution of ocean–atmosphere chemistry." Nature Geoscience 12, no. 5 (2019): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0351-5.

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14

Deitrick, Russell, and Colin Goldblatt. "Effects of ozone levels on climate through Earth history." Climate of the Past 19, no. 6 (2023): 1201–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1201-2023.

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Abstract. Molecular oxygen in our atmosphere has increased from less than a part per million in the Archean Eon to a fraction of a percent in the Proterozoic and finally to modern levels during the Phanerozoic. The ozone layer formed with the early Proterozoic oxygenation. While oxygen itself has only minor radiative and climatic effects, the accompanying ozone has important consequences for Earth climate. Using the Community Earth System Model (CESM), a 3-D general circulation model (GCM), we test the effects of various levels of ozone on Earth's climate. When CO2 is held constant, the global

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15

Planavsky, Noah J., Devon B. Cole, Terry T. Isson, et al. "A case for low atmospheric oxygen levels during Earth's middle history." Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 2, no. 2 (2018): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/etls20170161.

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The oxygenation of the atmosphere — one of the most fundamental transformations in Earth's history — dramatically altered the chemical composition of the oceans and provides a compelling example of how life can reshape planetary surface environments. Furthermore, it is commonly proposed that surface oxygen levels played a key role in controlling the timing and tempo of the origin and early diversification of animals. Although oxygen levels were likely more dynamic than previously imagined, we make a case here that emerging records provide evidence for low atmospheric oxygen levels for the majo

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16

Kaufman, Alan J., and Shuhai Xiao. "High CO2 levels in the Proterozoic atmosphere estimated from analyses of individual microfossils." Nature 425, no. 6955 (2003): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01902.

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Grenfell, J. L., S. Gebauer, P. von Paris, et al. "Sensitivity of biomarkers to changes in chemical emissions in the Earth’s Proterozoic atmosphere." Icarus 211, no. 1 (2011): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2010.09.015.

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18

Damiano, Mario, Renyu Hu, and Bertrand Mennesson. "Reflected Spectroscopy of Small Exoplanets. III. Probing the UV Band to Measure Biosignature Gases." Astronomical Journal 166, no. 4 (2023): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/acefd3.

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Abstract Direct-imaging observations of terrestrial exoplanets will enable their atmospheric characterization and habitability assessment. Considering Earth, the key atmospheric signatures for the biosphere are O2 and the photochemical product O3. However, this O2–O3 biosignature is not detectable in the visible wavelengths for most of the time after the emergence of oxygenic photosynthesis life (i.e., Proterozoic Earth). Here we demonstrate spectroscopic observations in the ultraviolet wavelengths for detecting and characterizing O2 and O3 in Proterozoic-Earth-like planets, using ExoReL R . F

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19

Jaziri, Adam Yassin, Benjamin Charnay, Franck Selsis, Jérémy Leconte, and Franck Lefèvre. "Dynamics of the Great Oxidation Event from a 3D photochemical–climate model." Climate of the Past 18, no. 10 (2022): 2421–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2421-2022.

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Abstract. From the Archean toward the Proterozoic, the Earth's atmosphere underwent a major shift from anoxic to oxic conditions at around 2.4 to 2.1 Ga known as the Great Oxidation Event (GOE). This rapid transition may be related to an atmospheric instability caused by the formation of the ozone layer. Previous works were all based on 1D photochemical models. Here, we revisit the GOE with a 3D photochemical–climate model to investigate the possible impact of the atmospheric circulation and the coupling between the climate and the dynamics of the oxidation. We show that the diurnal, seasonal

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20

Diamond, Charles W., and Timothy W. Lyons. "Mid-Proterozoic redox evolution and the possibility of transient oxygenation events." Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 2, no. 2 (2018): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/etls20170146.

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It is often assumed that rising environmental oxygen concentrations played a significant role in the timing of the first appearance of animals and the trajectory of their early proliferation and diversification. The inherent large size and complexity of animals come with large energy requirements — levels of energy that can best, if not only, be acquired through aerobic respiration. There is also abundant geochemical evidence for an increase in ocean–atmosphere O2 concentrations in temporal proximity with the emergence of the group. To adequately test this hypothesis, however, a thorough under

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21

Planavsky, Noah J., Christopher T. Reinhard, Terry T. Isson, Kazumi Ozaki, and Peter W. Crockford. "Large Mass-Independent Oxygen Isotope Fractionations in Mid-Proterozoic Sediments: Evidence for a Low-Oxygen Atmosphere?" Astrobiology 20, no. 5 (2020): 628–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ast.2019.2060.

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22

Hsü, K. J. "Is Gaia endothermic?" Geological Magazine 129, no. 2 (1992): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800008232.

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AbstractGeological evidence suggests that Gaia is endothermic: her body temperature has varied, but within limits; there has been no runaway greenhouse like Venus, nor deep freeze like Mars. This paper presents a hypothesis that the Earth's climate has been ameliorated by living organisms: they have served either as heaters or air-conditioners, and their ecological tolerance is the sensor of Gaia's thermostat. At the beginning, 3.8 or 3.5 Ga ago, only anaerobic autotrophs capable of tolerating high temperatures thinned out the atmospheric CO2 through carbon fixation. Fossil organic carbon was

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23

Kasting, James F. "The Evolution of Atmospheric Composition: Why Earth is a Habitable Planet." Geochemical Perspectives 14, no. 1 (2025): 1–149. https://doi.org/10.7185/geochempersp.14.1.

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The long term evolution of Earth’s atmosphere and climate has been an active topic of investigation for at least the last 60 years. My own participation in this investigation goes back more than 45 years, and this monograph relates that story from my personal perspective. One major thread concerns the rise of atmospheric O2 from near-zero levels initially to the 21 percent mixing ratio that we observe today. Photochemical models developed by me and my students, along with some close colleagues, have helped to better constrain the prebiotic O2 concentration and to interpret the constraints impo

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24

Cosgrove, G. I. E., L. Colombera, and N. P. Mountney. "Eolian stratigraphic record of environmental change through geological time." Geology 50, no. 3 (2021): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g49474.1.

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Abstract The terrestrial sedimentary record provides a valuable archive of how ancient depositional systems responded to and recorded changes in Earth's atmosphere, biosphere, and geosphere. However, the record of these environmental changes in eolian sedimentary successions is poorly constrained and largely unquantified. Our study presents the first global-scale, quantitative investigation of the architecture of eolian systems through geological time via analysis of 55 case studies of eolian successions. Eolian deposits accumulating (1) under greenhouse conditions, (2) in the presence of vasc

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25

Cathles, Lawrence, and Alain Prinzhofer. "What Pulsating H2 Emissions Suggest about the H2 Resource in the Sao Francisco Basin of Brazil." Geosciences 10, no. 4 (2020): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10040149.

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Proterozoic sedimentary basins very often emit natural hydrogen gas that may be a valuable part of a non-carbon energy infrastructure. Vents in the Sao Francisco Basin in Brazil release hydrogen to the atmosphere mainly during the daylight half of the day. Daily temperature and the regular daily tidal atmospheric pressure variations have been suggested as possible causes of the pulsing of H2 venting. Here, we analyze a ~550 m-diameter depression that is barren of vegetation and venting hydrogen mainly at its periphery. We show that daily temperature changes propagated only ~1/2 m into the subs

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Murakami, Takashi, Satoshi Utsunomiya, Yoji Imazu, and Nirankar Prasad. "Direct evidence of late Archean to early Proterozoic anoxic atmosphere from a product of 2.5 Ga old weathering." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 184, no. 2 (2001): 523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(00)00344-7.

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27

Stankowski, Wojciech. "The role of oxygen in the functioning of the Earth system: past, present and future." Geologos 29, no. 2 (2023): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/logos.2023.29.2.11.

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In the Solar System, the coming into existence of a peculiar, fully developed atmosphere on Earth was determined by the ‘Great Oxidation Event’ at the turn of the Proterozoic and Palaeozoic. Within about 600 million years, there were large changes in oxygen concentrations in this atmosphere, ranging from 15 to 35 per cent, having been determined by a combination of cosmic-climatic, tectonic-volcanic and biological phenomena. A particular environmental change occurred at the beginning of the 19th century, as a result of the overlap of the end of the natural Little Ice Age and the beginning of a

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Cockell, Charles S. "Photobiological uncertainties in the Archaean and post-Archaean world." International Journal of Astrobiology 1, no. 1 (2002): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550402001003.

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The notion that ultraviolet (UV) fluxes, and thus biologically weighted irradiances, were higher on Archaean Earth than on present-day Earth has been a pervasive influence on thinking concerning the nature of early Earth. It directly influences calculations concerning protection strategies that may or may not have been required by early life. Our knowledge of the Earth's changing UV radiation climate over time depends upon our knowledge of a diversity of factors, the magnitudes of which are uncertain. Here these uncertainties are explored. During the Archaean Era, calculations of the surface p

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Konhauser, Kurt O., Andreas Kappler, Stefan V. Lalonde, and Leslie J. Robbins. "Logan Medallist 8. Trace Elements in Iron Formation as a Window into Biogeochemical Evolution Accompanying the Oxygenation of Earth’s Atmosphere." Geoscience Canada 50, no. 4 (2023): 239–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2023.50.201.

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Iron formations exemplify a type of sedimentary rock found in numerous Archean and Proterozoic supracrustal successions. They serve as a valuable chemical record of Precambrian seawater chemistry and post-depositional iron cycling. These formations accumulated on the seafloor for over two billion years during the early history of our planet, offering a unique opportunity to study environmental changes that occurred during Earth's evolution. Among these changes, one of the most significant events was the shift from an anoxic planet to one where oxygen (O2) became consistently present in both th

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Bachan, Aviv, and Lee R. Kump. "The rise of oxygen and siderite oxidation during the Lomagundi Event." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 21 (2015): 6562–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1422319112.

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The Paleoproterozoic Lomagundi Event is an interval of 130–250 million years, ca. 2.3–2.1 billion years ago, in which extraordinarily 13C enriched (>10‰) limestones and dolostones occur globally. The high levels of organic carbon burial implied by the positive δ13C values suggest the production of vast quantities of O2 as well as an alkalinity imbalance demanding extremely low levels of weathering. The oxidation of sulfides has been proposed as a mechanism capable of ameliorating these imbalances: It is a potent sink for O2 as well as a source of acidity. However, sulfide oxidation consumes

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31

Metz, Connor O., Nancy Y. Kiang, Geronimo L. Villanueva, M. N. Parenteau, and Vincent Kofman. "Detectability Simulations of a Near-infrared Surface Biosignature on Proxima Centauri b with Future Space Observatories." Planetary Science Journal 5, no. 10 (2024): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/ad769d.

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Abstract Telescope missions are currently being designed that will make direct imaging of habitable exoplanets possible in the near future, and studies are needed to quantify the detectability of biosignature features in the planet’s reflectance spectrum. We simulated the detectability of a near-infrared-absorbing surface biosignature feature with simulated observations of the nearby exoplanet Proxima Centauri b. We modeled a biosignature spectral feature with a reflectance spectrum based on an anoxygenic photosynthetic bacterial species that has strong absorption at 1 μm, which could make it

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Latouf, Natasha, Avi M. Mandell, Geronimo L. Villanueva, et al. "Bayesian Analysis for Remote Biosignature Identification on exoEarths (BARBIE). II. Using Grid-based Nested Sampling in Coronagraphy Observation Simulations for O₂ and O₃." Astronomical Journal 167, no. 1 (2023): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad0fde.

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Abstract We present the results for the detectability of the O2 and O3 molecular species in the atmosphere of an Earth-like planet using reflected light at visible wavelengths. By quantifying the detectability as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), we can constrain the best methods to detect these biosignatures with next-generation telescopes designed for high-contrast coronagraphy. Using 25 bandpasses between 0.515 and 1 μm and a preconstructed grid of geometric albedo spectra, we examined the spectral sensitivity needed to detect these species for a range of molecular abundances.

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33

Ohmoto, H. "Evidence in Trace Elements and Fe3+/Fe2+ Ratios of Archaean and Early Proterozoic Shales for the Early Development of Oxic Atmosphere." Mineralogical Magazine 62A, no. 2 (1998): 1106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1998.62a.2.245.

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34

Knoll, Andrew H., Kristin D. Bergmann, and Justin V. Strauss. "Life: the first two billion years." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1707 (2016): 20150493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0493.

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Microfossils, stromatolites, preserved lipids and biologically informative isotopic ratios provide a substantial record of bacterial diversity and biogeochemical cycles in Proterozoic (2500–541 Ma) oceans that can be interpreted, at least broadly, in terms of present-day organisms and metabolic processes. Archean (more than 2500 Ma) sedimentary rocks add at least a billion years to the recorded history of life, with sedimentological and biogeochemical evidence for life at 3500 Ma, and possibly earlier; phylogenetic and functional details, however, are limited. Geochemistry provides a major con

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35

Eriksson, Patrick G., and Eric S. Cheney. "Evidence for the transition to an oxygen-rich atmosphere during the evolution of red beds in the lower proterozoic sequences of southern Africa." Precambrian Research 54, no. 2-4 (1992): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(92)90073-w.

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Fabre, Sébastien, Anne Nédélec, Franck Poitrasson, Harald Strauss, Christophe Thomazo, and Afonso Nogueira. "Iron and sulphur isotopes from the Carajás mining province (Pará, Brazil): Implications for the oxidation of the ocean and the atmosphere across the Archaean–Proterozoic transition." Chemical Geology 289, no. 1-2 (2011): 124–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.07.019.

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Hiatt, Eric E., T. Kurtis Kyser, Paul A. Polito, Jim Marlatt, and Peir Pufahl. "The Paleoproterozoic Kombolgie Subgroup (1.8 Ga), McArthur Basin, Australia: Sequence stratigraphy, basin evolution, and unconformity-related uranium deposits following the Great Oxidation Event." Canadian Mineralogist 59, no. 5 (2021): 1049–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3749/canmin.2000102.

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ABSTRACT Proterozoic continental sedimentary basins contain a unique record of the evolving Earth in their sedimentology and stratigraphy and in the large-scale, redox-sensitive mineral deposits they host. The Paleoproterozoic (Stratherian) Kombolgie Basin, located on the Arnhem Land Plateau, Northern Territory, is an exceptionally well preserved, early part of the larger McArthur Basin in northern Australia. This intracratonic basin is filled with 1 to 2 km-thick, relatively undeformed, nearly flat-lying, siliciclastic rocks of the Kombolgie Subgroup. Numerous drill cores and outcrop exposure

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Mukherjee, Indrani, and Ross R. Large. "Co-evolution of trace elements and life in Precambrian oceans: The pyrite edition." Geology 48, no. 10 (2020): 1018–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47890.1.

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Abstract The significance of trace elements in initiating origins and driving evolution of life on Earth is indisputable. Trace element (TE) trends in the oceans through time broadly reflect their availability and allow speculation on all possible influences on early life. A comprehensive sedimentary pyrite–TE database, covering 3000 m.y. of the Precambrian, has improved our understanding of the sequence of bio-essential TE availability in the ocean. This study probed how changing availability (and scarcity) of critical TEs in the marine environment influenced early life. The pyrite-shale matr

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Bruggmann, Sylvie, Alexandra S. Rodler, Robert M. Klaebe, Steven Goderis, and Robert Frei. "Chromium Isotope Systematics in Modern and Ancient Microbialites." Minerals 10, no. 10 (2020): 928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10100928.

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Changes in stable chromium isotopes (denoted as δ53Cr) in ancient carbonate sediments are increasingly used to reconstruct the oxygenation history in Earth’s atmosphere and oceans through time. As a significant proportion of marine carbonate older than the Cambrian is microbially-mediated, the utility of δ53Cr values in ancient carbonates hinges on whether these sediments accurately capture the isotope composition of their environment. We report Cr concentrations (Cr) and δ53Cr values of modern marginal marine and non-marine microbial carbonates. These data are supported by stable C and O isot

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40

Schopf, J. William. "Precambrian Biochemical Evolution." Short Courses in Paleontology 1 (1988): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475263000000696.

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It has become rather widely accepted in recent years that (1) during the geologic past, the Earth's atmosphere evolved from an initial “oxygen deficient” to a later “oxygen-rich” state; that (2) this change was a result chiefly of the cumulative effects of O2-producing “green plant-type” (including cyanobacterial) photosynthesis; and that (3) the transition occurred during the Precambrian, with stable oxygenic conditions having probably become established during the Early Proterozoic (viz., 2.5 to 1.7 Ga). Lines of evidence in support of these suppositions have been drawn from paleobiology, ge

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Baldermann, Andre, Oliver Wasser, Elshan Abdullayev, et al. "Palaeo-environmental evolution of Central Asia during the Cenozoic: new insights from the continental sedimentary archive of the Valley of Lakes (Mongolia)." Climate of the Past 17, no. 5 (2021): 1955–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1955-2021.

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Abstract. The Valley of Lakes basin (Mongolia) contains a unique continental sedimentary archive, suitable for constraining the influence of tectonics and climate change on the aridification of Central Asia in the Cenozoic. We identify the sedimentary provenance, the (post)depositional environment and the palaeo-climate based on sedimentological, petrographical, mineralogical, and (isotope) geochemical signatures recorded in authigenic and detrital silicates as well as soil carbonates in a sedimentary succession spanning from ∼34 to 21 Ma. The depositional setting was characterized by an ephem

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Hurley, Sarah J., Boswell A. Wing, Claire E. Jasper, Nicholas C. Hill, and Jeffrey C. Cameron. "Carbon isotope evidence for the global physiology of Proterozoic cyanobacteria." Science Advances 7, no. 2 (2021): eabc8998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc8998.

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Ancestral cyanobacteria are assumed to be prominent primary producers after the Great Oxidation Event [≈2.4 to 2.0 billion years (Ga) ago], but carbon isotope fractionation by extant marine cyanobacteria (α-cyanobacteria) is inconsistent with isotopic records of carbon fixation by primary producers in the mid-Proterozoic eon (1.8 to 1.0 Ga ago). To resolve this disagreement, we quantified carbon isotope fractionation by a wild-type planktic β-cyanobacterium (Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002), an engineered Proterozoic analog lacking a CO2-concentrating mechanism, and cyanobacterial mats. At mid-Prot

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Laakso, Thomas A., and Daniel P. Schrag. "Regulation of atmospheric oxygen during the Proterozoic." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 388 (February 2014): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.11.049.

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Grenfell, John Lee, Barbara Stracke, Beate Patzer, Ruth Titz, and Heike Rauer. "Potential of ozone formation by the smog mechanism to shield the surface of the early Earth from UV radiation." International Journal of Astrobiology 5, no. 4 (2006): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550406003478.

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We propose that the photochemical smog mechanism produced substantial ozone (O3) in the troposphere during the Proterozoic period, which contributed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation shielding, and hence favoured the establishment of life. The smog mechanism is well established and is associated with pollution hazes that sometimes cover modern cities. The mechanism proceeds via the oxidation of volatile organic compounds such as methane (CH4) in the presence of UV radiation and nitrogen oxides (NOx). It would have been particularly favoured during the Proterozoic period given the high levels of CH

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Bellefroid, Eric J., Ashleigh v. S. Hood, Paul F. Hoffman, Matthew D. Thomas, Christopher T. Reinhard, and Noah J. Planavsky. "Constraints on Paleoproterozoic atmospheric oxygen levels." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 32 (2018): 8104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1806216115.

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The oxygenation of Earth’s surface environment dramatically altered key biological and geochemical cycles and ultimately ushered in the rise of an ecologically diverse biosphere. However, atmospheric oxygen partial pressures (pO2) estimates for large swaths of the Precambrian remain intensely debated. Here we evaluate and explore the use of carbonate cerium (Ce) anomalies (Ce/Ce*) as a quantitative atmospheric pO2 proxy and provide estimates of Proterozoic pO2 using marine carbonates from a unique Precambrian carbonate succession—the Paleoproterozoic Pethei Group. In contrast to most previous

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Bucholz, Claire E., and Christopher J. Spencer. "Strongly Peraluminous Granites across the Archean–Proterozoic Transition." Journal of Petrology 60, no. 7 (2019): 1299–348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egz033.

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Abstract Strongly peraluminous granites (SPGs) form through the partial melting of metasedimentary rocks and therefore represent archives of the influence of assimilation of sedimentary rocks on the petrology and chemistry of igneous rocks. With the aim of understanding how variations in sedimentary rock characteristics across the Archean–Proterozoic transition might have influenced the igneous rock record, we compiled and compared whole-rock chemistry, mineral chemistry, and isotope data from Archean and Paleo- to Mesoproterozoic SPGs. This time period was chosen as the Archean–Proterozoic tr

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Lenton, Timothy M. "On the use of models in understanding the rise of complex life." Interface Focus 10, no. 4 (2020): 20200018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2020.0018.

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Recently, several seemingly irreconcilably different models have been proposed for relationships between Earth system processes and the rise of complex life. These models provide very different scenarios of Proterozoic atmospheric oxygen and ocean nutrient levels, whether they constrained complex life, and of how the rise of complex life affected biogeochemical conditions. For non-modellers, it can be hard to evaluate which—if any—of the models and their results have more credence—hence this article. I briefly review relevant hypotheses, how models are being used to incarnate and sometimes tes

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Young, Amber V., Tyler D. Robinson, Joshua Krissansen-Totton, et al. "Inferring chemical disequilibrium biosignatures for Proterozoic Earth-like exoplanets." Nature Astronomy 8, no. 1 (2024): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41550-023-02145-z.

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AbstractChemical disequilibrium quantified using the available free energy has previously been proposed as a potential biosignature. However, researchers remotely sensing exoplanet biosignatures have not yet investigated how observational uncertainties impact the ability to infer a life-generated available free energy. We pair an atmospheric retrieval tool to a thermodynamics model to assess the detectability of chemical disequilibrium signatures of Earth-like exoplanets, focusing on the Proterozoic eon when the atmospheric abundances of oxygen–methane disequilibrium pairs may have been relati

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Schrag, Daniel P., John A. Higgins, Francis A. Macdonald, and David T. Johnston. "Authigenic Carbonate and the History of the Global Carbon Cycle." Science 339, no. 6119 (2013): 540–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1229578.

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We present a framework for interpreting the carbon isotopic composition of sedimentary rocks, which in turn requires a fundamental reinterpretation of the carbon cycle and redox budgets over Earth's history. We propose that authigenic carbonate, produced in sediment pore fluids during early diagenesis, has played a major role in the carbon cycle in the past. This sink constitutes a minor component of the carbon isotope mass balance under the modern, high levels of atmospheric oxygen but was much larger in times of low atmospheric O2or widespread marine anoxia. Waxing and waning of a global aut

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Canfield, Don E., Mark A. van Zuilen, Sami Nabhan, et al. "Petrographic carbon in ancient sediments constrains Proterozoic Era atmospheric oxygen levels." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 23 (2021): e2101544118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2101544118.

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Oxygen concentration defines the chemical structure of Earth's ecosystems while it also fuels the metabolism of aerobic organisms. As different aerobes have different oxygen requirements, the evolution of oxygen levels through time has likely impacted both environmental chemistry and the history of life. Understanding the relationship between atmospheric oxygen levels, the chemical environment, and life, however, is hampered by uncertainties in the history of oxygen levels. We report over 5,700 Raman analyses of organic matter from nine geological formations spanning in time from 742 to 1,729

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