Relevant bibliographies by topics / Protest action

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Protest action'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Protest action"

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Roberts, Benjamin James, Narnia Bohler-Muller, Jare Struwig, Steven Lawrence Gordon, Ngqapheli Mchunu, Samela Mtyingizane, and Carin Runciman. "Protest Blues: Public opinion on the policing of protest in South Africa." South African Crime Quarterly, no. 62 (December 13, 2017): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3108/2017/v0n62a3040.

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The policing response to rising protest action in the country has received increased attention in the last decade. This is particularly owing to concerns over confrontations during which protesters have been arrested, injured and in some instances killed by the police. Despite the criticism voiced by various stakeholders about the manner in which the police manage crowd gatherings, relatively little is known about the views of South African adults on the policing of protest action and the factors that shape such attitudes. To provide some insight, this article draws on data from a specialised module on protest-related attitudes and behaviour that was fielded as part of the 2016 round of the Human Sciences Research Council’s South African Social Attitudes Survey (SASAS) series. This nationally representative survey included specific questions probing the public’s overall evaluation of the performance of the police in dealing with protests, and the justifiability of the use of force in policing protest action. The article will present a national picture of people’s views on the policing of protest, based on these measures, and then determine the extent to which there are distinct underlying socio-demographic cleavages in these data. A combination of bivariate and multivariate analysis is undertaken in order to understand how perceptions of effectiveness, acceptability and reported participation in protest (especially disruptive and violent actions) shape people’s views regarding policing of protest. The article concludes with a discussion that reflects on the implications of the research for the policing of protest action in future, given the appreciable rise in the incidence of protest since the mid-2000s and the mounting tensions between state institutions and communities over the political, moral and constitutional arguments for and against such actions.
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Passini, Stefano. "Promoting or opposing social change: Political orientations, moral convictions and protest intentions." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 15, no. 4 (December 19, 2019): 671–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v15i4.1693.

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The issue of the motivations behind the decision as to whether or not to join protest actions has been investigated by many scholars. In particular, recent studies have considered violations of one’s own moral convictions and identification with the protest group as the main predictors of collective actions. The present research will focus on the three orientations to the political system identified by Kelman and Hamilton (1989), which consider distinct reasons behind the attachment to the political system and explain the motivations behind supporting or opposing the institutions. The aim is to examine whether these three orientations have an effect on collective action (through moral convictions, politicized identification, anger, and efficacy) considering social protests both against and in favor of the status quo. Specifically, the political orientations should explain why individuals hold a given attitude (positive or negative) towards a policy position, hold it with moral conviction, and decide to join a protest action. The results of three studies confirm the relevance of considering political orientations. Depending on the aim of the protest, each political orientation has a distinct effect on collective action.
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Snow, David A., and Dana M. Moss. "Protest on the Fly." American Sociological Review 79, no. 6 (October 24, 2014): 1122–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122414554081.

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This article reexamines spontaneity as an important, albeit neglected, mechanism in collective action dynamics, and elaborates on its operation and effects in protest events and social movements. We do not presume that spontaneity is routinely at play in all collective actions. Rather, based on our grounded analysis of historical and ethnographic data, we contend that spontaneity is triggered by certain conditions: nonhierarchical organization; uncertain/ambiguous moments and events; behavioral/emotional priming; and certain ecological/spatial factors. We conclude by elaborating why the activation of spontaneous actions matters in shaping the course and character of protest events and movements, and we suggest that spontaneity be resuscitated in the study of collective action and everyday life more generally.
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Il'in, Il'ya. "Demonstrative protest crime: the limits of criminological analysis." Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2021, no. 4 (December 20, 2021): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2021-4-78-83.

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Classical and network protest always assumes mass character. In this regard, the study of protest movements should assume: a) The analysis of many protest actions; b) the analysis of each individual protest action as a manifestation of the phenomenon of collective behavior. At the same time, the first level is important in the context of ensuring the representativeness of the second type of research. «Collective action» and «action of a team member» are fundamentally important. The regulatory system always deals with the assessment of the behavior of a particular person. In this regard, criminology and criminal law should not focus on the protest actions themselves, but on the behavior of individuals within the framework of these actions. In the theoretical analysis of the behavior of these individual participants of mass actions, it is necessary to distinguish: a) actions performed during a mass action, and actions that ensure the protest action itself, which can be performed both before and after it; b) actions of organizers, inspirers, leaders of protest actions, and actions of ordinary participants of the protest action; c) actions related to the organization and participation in mass actions coordinated by the official authorities, and in those not coordinated by the official authorities; d) lawful actions and illegal actions, and among the latter - criminally illegal and administratively illegal; e) intellectual, informational actions, and physical actions. To describe these actions, the article suggests using the term «demonstrative protest crimes». They are: a) associated with a well-defined sphere of public relations that arise in the process of interaction between a person, society and the authorities; b) they are imbued with the unity of motivational factors and the characteristics of the personality of the participants; c) they have a common determinative complex and a common mechanism for their commission; d) they have a distinct separation by the place and time of their commission; e) they assume a specific type and mechanism for the implementation of preventive measures. These signs allow us to consider demonstrative protest crimes as a separate, independent type of crime.
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Bohler-Muller, Narnia, Benjamin James Roberts, Jare Struwig, Steven Lawrence Gordon, Thobeka Radebe, and Peter Alexander. "Minding the Protest: Attitudes towards different forms of protest action in contemporary South Africa." South African Crime Quarterly, no. 62 (December 13, 2017): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3108/2017/v0n62a3041.

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This article focuses on providing new insights into the nature of public opinion about protest action in South Africa. Since the mid-2000s the country has experienced one of the world’s highest levels of popular protest and strike action, combined with the recent resurgence of an active student protest movement. Sociological research into these protests has suggested that they represent distinct phenomena and that local protests have assumed plural forms that cut across simple violent/non-violent and orderly/disorderly binary distinctions. Despite the rapid growth of literature on South African protests, surprisingly little is known about public opinion relating to various forms of protest. Consequently, this article aims to examine differences with regard to the acceptability, perceived effectiveness and participation in respect of three categories of protest action, namely orderly, disruptive and violent protests. The article uses data from a protest module included as part of the 2016 round of the South African Social Attitudes Survey, a nationally representative series conducted annually by the Human Sciences Research Council. Apart from determining the nature and extent of variation in opinion regarding the three types of protest action on aggregate, the article explores patterns of similarity and differentiation across societal groups, based on class, age, race, gender and geography. Finally, we analyse how and for whom perspectives on the three forms of protest have changed over the course of a generation by drawing on functionally equivalent data collected in 1995. The article concludes by reflecting on whether the evidence supports key hypotheses regarding the ‘rebellion of the poor’1 in the country.
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Corrigall-Brown, Catherine, and Rima Wilkes. "Picturing Protest." American Behavioral Scientist 56, no. 2 (December 12, 2011): 223–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764211419357.

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Images of collective action shape public understanding of social movement campaigns and issues. Modern media includes more images than ever before, and these images are remembered longer and are more likely to elicit emotional responses than are textual accounts. Yet when it comes to media coverage of collective action, existing research considers only the written accounts. This means that little is known about the extent to which images of collective action events conform to or diverge from the “protest paradigm,” a pattern of reporting found in articles that tends to marginalize protesters and legitimizes authorities. The authors address this gap by analyzing newspaper photographs of one of the most significant recent cases of Indigenous-state conflict in North America—the 1990 “Oka Crisis.” This 78-day armed standoff between Indigenous peoples and Quebecois and Canadian authorities was sparked by the attempted expansion of a golf course onto Mohawk territory. The mass media produced thousands of articles and photographs in their coverage of the event. This article uses these photographs to assess the manner in which images frame collective action and collective actors. The authors find that images of collective action frame these events differently and in a more nuanced way than do textual accounts. For example, while challengers are just as likely to be shown in images of collective action, they are less likely to be specifically named. In addition, officials are more likely to be shown in dominant positions, but certain groups of officials (particularly government representatives) are also the most likely to be shown as emotional and angry. These findings illustrate the sometimes conflicting messages depicted in images of collective action.
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Selvanathan, Hema Preya, and Brian Lickel. "A field study around a racial justice protest on a college campus: The proximal impact of collective action on the social change attitudes of uninvolved bystanders." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 7, no. 1 (July 17, 2019): 598–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v7i1.1063.

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Social movements often use protests and other collective actions to draw public attention to their cause, yet the psychological reactions to such actions from their targeted audience is not well understood. This research investigates uninvolved bystanders’ immediate responses to collective action using a quasi-experimental field study designed around a racial justice protest that took place at a large public university in the United States. We surveyed two student samples exactly one week apart at the same time and location, first in the absence of protest and then again at the time of a racial justice protest (Total N = 240). We found that participants who believed that racism was not a problem on campus had more negative attitudes toward racial justice protests and protesters, as well as lower support for anti-racist efforts on campus on the day of the protest, compared to the day without a protest. These findings provide initial evidence that a protest encounter may trigger a backlash effect amongst those who have the most resistant attitudes toward social change.
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Evans, L. "Italian doctors plan protest action." BMJ 309, no. 6968 (December 10, 1994): 1531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.309.6968.1531.

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Duane, Aidan, and Patrick Finnegan. "Dissent, Protest and Transformative Action." Information Resources Management Journal 20, no. 1 (January 2007): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/irmj.2007010101.

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STEINERT-THRELKELD, ZACHARY C. "Spontaneous Collective Action: Peripheral Mobilization During the Arab Spring." American Political Science Review 111, no. 2 (April 19, 2017): 379–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055416000769.

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Who is responsible for protest mobilization? Models of disease and information diffusion suggest that those central to a social network (the core) should have a greater ability to mobilize others than those who are less well-connected. To the contrary, this article argues that those not central to a network (the periphery) can generate collective action, especially in the context of large-scale protests in authoritarian regimes. To show that those in the core of a social network have no effect on levels of protest, this article develops a dataset of daily protests across 16 countries in the Middle East and North Africa over 14 months from 2010 through 2011. It combines that dataset with geocoded, individual-level communication from the same period and measures the number of connections of each person. Those on the periphery are shown to be responsible for changing levels of protest, with some evidence suggesting that the core’s mobilization efforts lead to fewer protests. These results have implications for a wide range of social choices that rely on interdependent decision making.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Protest action"

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Cable, Jonathan. "Protest in action : an examination of the production, media representation and reflexivity of protest group communications strategies and protest tactics." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/33637/.

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This thesis analyses the media coverage and dominant institution responses to the media and protest tactics employed by three different protest groups. The three case studies examine the interactions between protest groups, their political targets, and the mainstream media. It pays particular attention to each group's media and protest tactics, and how their messages transition from protest action into media coverage and political debates. The three different protest groups comprise of a Cardiff community campaign to save a pub called Save the Vulcan, the environmental direct action group Plane Stupid and their protests against airport expansion, and the mass protests of G20Meltdown against the G20 summit held in London in April 2009. This thesis analyses the media coverage of each group using the concept of political opportunity structures to ascertain the influence of the political and media context on protest groups and their actions. Interviews with activists involved in all three protest groups, and ethnography conducted from within one of the groups, namely, the Save the Vulcan campaign revealed differing attitudes towards the choice of media and protest tactics. All three groups were aware of their portrayal in media coverage, and actively geared their tactics towards attracting media attention. The research analysed protester communications on the internet and leaflets to explore how they represented their issues. A content analysis of British newspaper articles examined the impact of each group's media and protest tactics on press coverage. Offical documents from the dominant institutions of the police and centralised political institutions were examined to ascertain the debates surrounding the issues. On the basis of these empirical findings and discussion this thesis argues for a revision of the theorisation of political opportunity structures. This grants increased recognition of media coverage and importance of protest group aims and goals in the assessment of their success and failure to communicate their messages. Finally, the thesis argues that political and media opportunities do influence the success and failure of protest groups, but it is the effective use of media and protect tactics that puts protest groups into a position to succeed or fail.
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Anderson, Jonathan Mark. "Environmental direct action : making space for new forms of political community?" Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/470c8929-f448-4d1f-876b-78bdbad5f40c.

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Landman, Todd. "Agents of change : the comparative impact of social movements." Thesis, University of Essex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310084.

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Purkis, Jonathan. "A sociology of environmental protest : Earth First and the theory and practice of anarchism." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341396.

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Roseneil, Sasha. "Feminist political action : the case of the Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283148.

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The thesis is a sociological study of the Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp. It addresses the question of how it is possible for women to act collectively to promote social change: primarily, to resist and transform relations of male domination and female subordination, and, secondarily, to resist the forces of militarism. It highlights the importance for feminist sociology of theoretical and substantive attention to women's agency. The thesis offers an analysis of the origins of Greenham, thereby developing a critique of the gender-ignorance of previous theoretical work on social movements and arguing the importance of attention to macro-, ineso- and micro-level processes in the studying of the creation of collective politA.cal action. The particular character and ethos of Greenham as a form of feminist politics is explored, both in terms of the internal workings of the movement and in its actions confronting the outside world. The responses of the forces which were challenged by Greenham are analyzed, in order to assess its impact. Finally, the transformations in consciousness and identity experienced by women who had been involved with Greenham are discussed, contributing both theoretically and substantively to feminist understandings of women's consciousness and identity.
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McKahan, Jason Grant. "Hollywood counterterrorism: violence, protest and the Middle East in U.S. action feature films /." Tallahassee, Florida : Florida State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11162009-124125/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2009.
Advisor: Andrew Opel, Florida State University, College of Communication and Information, School of Communication. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed on May 26, 2010). Document formatted into pages; contains x, 370 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
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Daly, Belinda Merle Joanne. "Direct action environmental protest in Britain : a critique of radical environmentalism and environmrntal ethics." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11216.

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Åkerström, Linda. "Ny Protest? : En fallstudie av rörelsen Planka.nu." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Social Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-470.

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The aim of this paper is to analyse the social movement Planka.nu with reference to the theory of new social movements in order to engage in a discussion about the presence of “old” tradition and “new” trends. As well as empirical, the purpose is also theoretical and methodological: to examine, and extend, the discussion about new and old social movements. A qualitative method is used. The analytical framework is based on a combination of theories of social movements and new social movements. Planka.nu was started in 2003 in Stockholm. The movement uses the Internet to organise free-riding on the public buses and trains with the aim of pressuring regional politicians into fully financing public transportation by progressive taxation. In all aspects discussed, both old and new characteristics were found. Behind a rhetoric that to a large extent resembles that of the traditional Swedish labour movement lies a redefinition of values, ideas and strategies that correspond with the theory of new social movements. By adopting a theoretical outlook on social movements that questions the existence of two divided blocs, a more nuanced discussion of the combination of old and new aspects could be held.

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Di, Méo Marion. "Une démocratie à l’épreuve des mouvements sociaux : le cas du Chili post-dictatorial de 1988 à nos jours." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0656.

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Cette thèse vise à rendre compte de l'évolution, au Chili, de la gestion des événements protestataires par les institutions en charge de l'ordre public depuis le retour à la démocratie en 1990. Il s'agit d'examiner la manière dont un pays autrefois gouverné par la répression encadre, une fois la démocratie retrouvée, les protestations de différents groupes de la société. La thèse interroge aussi l'existence d'un traitement différencié de la contestation en fonction du public mobilisé. L'enquête a été menée entre mars 2015 et mai 2017 et repose sur un matériau composé d'observations, d'entretiens, d'archives de presse. Ce travail est composé de trois parties. La première revient sur les éléments qui ont façonné le contexte politique chilien de la transition, largement défavorable à la contestation. Il s'agit également de s'intéresser aux caractéristiques et à la culture institutionnelle de la police en charge du maintien de l'ordre, en observant comment s'articulent le caractère militaire de cette institution et les fondements de la doctrine du maintien de l'ordre. Dans la seconde, les mobilisations des peuples autochtones et des étudiants chiliens sont longuement décryptées, en particulier la question de leur répertoire d'action et les interactions entre ces groupes, l'État chilien et les forces de l'ordre. La troisième partie est consacrée à la manière dont le passé récent du Chili devient l'enjeu de discours et de mobilisations, et s'intéresse de près à différentes journées de commémoration. Elle examine enfin les effets de la militarisation de la police sur le maintien de l'ordre, et sur les représentations du monde qui entourent ses pratiques professionnelles
This thesis aims to give an account of the evolution, in Chile, of the management of the protest events by the institutions in charge of public order since the return to democracy in 1990. It aims to examine the way in which a country once ruled by repression frames, once the democracy returned, the protests of different groups of society. The thesis also questions the existence of a differentiated treatment of the protest events according to the public mobilized. The investigation was conducted between March 2015 and May 2017 and is based on a material consisting of observations, interviews, press archives. This work is composed of three parts. The first examines the elements that have shaped the Chilean political context of the transition, which is largely unfavorable to collective action. It also analyzes the characteristics and the institutional culture of the police in charge of policing protest, by observing how are articulated the military character of this institution and the bases of the doctrine of protest policing. In the second, the mobilizations of the indigenous peoples and students of Chile are lengthily deciphered, in particular the question of their repertoire of action and the interactions between these groups, the Chilean State and the police forces. The third part is devoted to the way in which the recent past of Chile becomes the issue of speeches and mobilizations, and is closely interested in different days of commemoration. Finally, it examines the effects of police militarization on law enforcement, and on the representations of the world surrounding its professional practices
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Asterlund, Kent. "The Gezi Protest : A study of different processes behind the mass mobilization." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-35231.

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Books on the topic "Protest action"

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Celebration of resistance: Ontario's Days of Action. Toronto: Between the Lines, 1999.

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The transnational condition: Protest dynamics in an entangled Europe. New York: Berghahn Books, 2010.

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Kevin, Mahoney, ed. Democracies to come: Rhetorical action, neoliberalism, and communities of resistance. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2008.

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Brass, Elaine. Gathering force: DIY culture : radical action for those tired of waiting. London: Big Issue Writers, 1997.

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QC, Hendy John, and Institute of Employment Rights, eds. Days of action: The legality of protest strikes against government cuts. Liverpool: Institute of Employment Rights, 2011.

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Hīkoi: Forty years of Māori protest. Wellington, N.Z: Huia Publishers, 2004.

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Hauser, Luke. Direct action: An historical novel. San Francisco: GroundWork, 2003.

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Gene, Sharp, ed. Nonviolent action: A research guide. New York: Garland Pub., 1997.

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Direct action, deliberation, and diffusion: Collective action after the WTO protests in Seattle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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Tarrow, Sidney G. Struggle, politics, and reform: Collective action, social movements and cycles of protest. [Ithaca, N.Y.]: Center for International Studies, Cornell University, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Protest action"

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Eklundh, Emmy. "Emotion and Reason in Collective Action." In Emotions, Protest, Democracy, 21–46. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. |: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351205719-2.

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Francisco, Ronald A. "Tactical Adaptation and Symbolic Protest." In Collective Action Theory and Empirical Evidence, 37–55. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1476-7_3.

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Joyce, Peter. "Direct Action." In The Policing of Protest, Disorder and International Terrorism in the UK since 1945, 87–139. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-29059-5_4.

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Duquette, Michel. "Introduction: The Rise of Public Protest." In Collective Action and Radicalism in Brazil, 1–24. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442673090-003.

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Peterson, Larry. "Hyperinflation, Rank-and-File Action, and Revolutionary Politics." In German Communism, Workers’ Protest, and Labor Unions, 133–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1644-2_5.

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Francisco, Ronald A. "Dimensions of Space and Time in Protest and Repression." In Collective Action Theory and Empirical Evidence, 57–82. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1476-7_4.

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Mullett, Michael. "Language and Action in Peasant Revolts." In Popular Culture and Popular Protest in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe, 71–109. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003188858-3.

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King, C. M., D. J. Gaukrodger, and J. R. Hay. "Conflict: Protest Words to Action in the Forest 1970–78." In The Drama of Conservation, 185–201. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18410-4_9.

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Lang, Anthony F. "Governance and Political Action: Hannah Arendt on Global Political Protest." In Hannah Arendt and International Relations, 179–98. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403981509_7.

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Peterson, Larry. "The Unified KPD’s Offensive in the Labor Unions and the March Action: Birthpangs of an Industrial Strategy." In German Communism, Workers’ Protest, and Labor Unions, 50–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1644-2_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Protest action"

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"A Work Systems View of Unplanned Business Process Change: The Case of #FEESMUSTFALL at a South African University." In InSITE 2019: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4186.

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Aim/Purpose: Improving or changing business processes is one of the most important roles for Information technologies functions. Yet, most organizations struggle with planned process change and even more with unplanned change. There is little support from research as the dynamics of planned process change is understudied and unplanned process change is seldom researched. Background: This paper describes the impact of unplanned business process change from a systems perspective. The #feesmustfall student protest movement, which began in 2015, and affected Universities throughout South Africa provides the context. Methodology: An interpretive abductive case study at a South African university used Steven Alter’s Work System framework to describe the unplanned business process change that occurred due to the #feesmustfall student protest movement. Contribution: Theoretically, this paper demonstrates the practical use of Alter’s work system framework to analyze unplanned business process change. Practically, it de-scribes and explains the impacts of the change which may be useful to executives or administrators responsible for operational systems within organizations. Findings: During unplanned business process change, change management, staff training, customizable technology and strategic fluidity and focus were found to be important. Unplanned business process change results in all elements of the work systems and its environment changing, even resulting in changed products and customer behavior. Impact on Society: If organizations are more aware of the impacts of unplanned process change they will be better equipped to control them. Future Research: Future action research studies on unplanned business process change could suggest actions for manager’s dealing with them.
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Huan, X., Y. Legrand, J. Soria, C. Soria, J. Caen, and J. Fareed. "STUDIES ON THE ANTITHROMBOTIC ACTIONS OF A COLLAGEN PEPTIDE IN A DEFINED MODEL OF VENOUS THROMBOSIS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644496.

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The synthesis and biologic actions of a collagen peptide Lys-Pro-Gly-Glu-Pro-Gly-Pro-Lys (CP) were first reported by Fauvel, et. al. in 1979. This peptide was found to inhibit collagen induced aggregation of platelets and to modulate clot formation and specific collagen induced fibrinogen binding by platelets. CP exhibited antithrombotic actions in a modified venous stasis thrombosis model (rabbit) against defined thrombogenic challenges, (ED50;(IV) 0.5 − 2.5 mg/kg; (SC) 2.5 − 7.5 mg/kg). The antithrombotic actions of this peptide exhibited a short half-life (10 minutes) after IV administration. Preincubation of this peptide with trypsin, carboxypeptidase A, carboxypeptidase B and pancreatic protease complex resulted in a loss of the antithrombotic action. Specific protease inhibitors were found to protect the peptide from this degradation effect. CP did not exert any effect on the routinely performed global coagulant and antiprotease tests at concentrations which produce antithrombotic actions (0.5 − 5 mg/kg). CP was found to synergize the antithrombotic action of heparin in both intravenous and subcutaneous routes. Preliminary studies on the mechanism of the antithrombotic actions of collagen peptide suggest these actions may be independent of effects on platelets. These studies also suggest that an oligopeptide containing arginine and lysine residues, mimicing serine protease susceptible sites, is capable of producing antithrombotic effects in an animal model of venous thrombosis.
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Kumar, A., J. Fareed, W. H. Wehrmacher, D. Hoppensteadt, O. Ulutin, and J. M. Walenga. "ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION MODULATION AND CONTROL OF VASCULAR AND THROMBOTIC DISORDERS: EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS WITH A POLYDEOXY RIBONUCLEOTIDE AGENT DEFIBROTIDE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643149.

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Numerous approaches with single and multiple drugs modulating protease cascade, platelet function and blood viscosity and to reduce blood lipids to manage thrombotic processes have been tried. Defibrotide, a polydeoxyribonucleotide, (Mr =17,000) offers a new approach to vascular and related thrombotic processes as it acts via modulation of endothelial cell function. We have used a primate model (Macaca mulatta) to study the endogenous action of this agent after the oral (10-25 mg/kg) and intravenous (5-10 mg/kg) administration. This agent produced no effect on clotting tests and ex vivo laboratory findings but rather it elevated the t-PA (antigen and functional), protein C (antigen and functional), prostacyclin and decreased thromboxane, 01.2-antiplasmin (functional) and t-PA inhibitor (functional) in both studies. These observations suggest that Defibrotide modulates endothelial function. Hepatic isolation in rabbits totally blocked the antithrombotic actions of Defibrotide suggesting that this agent is converted into an active product endogenously. Pretreatment of Defibrotide with nucleases also resulted in a complete loss of its actions. Defibrotide produced dose dependent antithrombotic actions in animal models (rabbit venous stasis and rat vena caval ligation) after either intravenous or oral administration. Blood pressure, heart rate, respiration and kidney function were not altered by it. No effect on bleeding time was noted in any studies. Upon oral administration this drug produced pharmacologic action after 2 hours whereas after intravenous administration, the action peaked at 30 minutes. Defibrotide exhibited cytoprotective effects towards endothelial lining of the vascular smooth muscles characterized by microscopic studies. In summary Defibrotide is an endothelial support agent whose multicomponent actions are primarily mediated via the physical and functional modulation of the endothelial cells in the vascular system.
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Fox, J. E. B., C. C. Reynolds, J. K. Boyles, R. A. Abel, and M. M. Johnson. "IDENTIFICATION OF GLYCOPROTEIN Ib8 AS THE Mr = 24,000 PLATELET POLYPEPTIDE PHOSPHORYLATED BY AGENTS THAT ELEVATE CYCLIC AMP." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642926.

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Platelet function is inhibited by agents that elevate intracellular cyclic AMP concentrations, presumably as a result of the cyclic AMP-stimulated phosphorylation of intracellular proteins. Polypeptides that become phosphorylated are of Mr = 250,000, Mr = 51.000 (P51), Mr = 36,000 (P36), Mr = 24,000 (P24), and Mr = 22.000 (P22). The Mr = 250,000 polypeptide is actin-binding protein, but the identity of the other polypeptides 1s unknown. In the present study, we identified the P24 polypeptide. Platelets were radiolabeled with [32P]P1 and then Incubated for 2-5 min in the presence or absence of 5 μM prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). The PGE1-induced phosphorylation of P24 was detected on autoradiograms of SDS-gels. Since P24 has been shown to be membrane-associated, its molecular weight was compared with those of known membrane proteins. P24 comigrated with the β-chain of purified GP Ib on reduced gels (Mr = 24,000) and also on nonreduced gels (when GP Ibβ is disulfide-linked to GP Ibα and migrates with Mr = 170,000). Like GP Ibβ, P24 was associated with actin filaments in Triton X-100 lysates. Both GP Ibβ and P24 were selectively associated with filaments of the membrane skeleton and were released from filaments when the Ca2+-dependent protease was active. Antibodies against GP Ib immunoprecipitated P24 from platelet lysates. Finally, exposure of Bernard-Soulier platelets (that lacked GP Ib) to PGE1 resulted in phosphorylation of actin-binding protein, P51, P36, and P22, but not P24. We conclude that P24 is GP Ibβ. To determine whether phosphorylation of GP Ibβ is responsible for the inhibitory effects of PGE1 on platelets, we compared the action of PGE1 on control platelets with that on Bernard-Soulier platelets. One of the ways in which PGE1 inhibits platelet activation is by inhibiting the polymerization of actin. While PGE1 inhibited actin polymerization in control platelets, it did not in Bernard-Soulier platelets. We conclude that GP Ibβ is phosphorylated by agents that elevate cyclic AMP and that phosphorylation of this glycoprotein results in inhibition of platelet function.
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Xu, Xiaoxiao, Jiangang Zhang, Yapeng Yang, Zongyang Feng, and Linsheng Jia. "Research and Development of Protective Action Analysis System for the Public Based on Operation Intervention Level in Reactor Accident." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67367.

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Operation intervention level (OIL) is a type of action level that can be used immediately and directly (without further assessment) to determine the appropriate protective actions and other response actions on the basis of an environmental measurement. OIL is used to implementation actions to protect the public due to the severe conditions at a nuclear power plant. This paper presents an integrated solution that integrates remote access and remote support over the Internet. The system real-time acquire the data of source term, meteorological, off-site monitoring points, monitoring vehicles, execute operation intervention level calculation, protective action decision-making to public based on data from database or input by user. The system simultaneous input multiple monitor data, and protection of the public action based on the results of multiple OIL decisions. The system display off-site monitoring points, protection of the public area of operations and administrative village using WebGIS.
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Loskutoff, D. J., J. Mimuro, and C. Hekman. "PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644763.

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Plasminogen activation provides an important source of localized proteolytic activity not only during fibrinolysis, but also during ovulation, cell migration, epithelial cell differentiation, tumor invasion and a variety of other physiological processes. Precise regulation of plasminogen activator (PA) activity thus constitutes a critical feature of many biological processes. This control is achieved in large part through the action of specific PA inhibitors (PAIs). Although 4 distinct PAIs have been detected,1the endothelial cellTderived inhibitor (PAI-1) is the only one that efficiently inhibits both urokinase (Kd=2.3×10−13M; Kassoc =1.6×108 M−1s−1) and single-chaintissue-type PA (tPA; Kd=1.3×lO−15 M Kd=3.9×lO7M−1s−1). It also inhibits trypsin (Kassoc=6.8×106M−1 s−1 ) ancl Plasmin (Kassoc=7.6×l05 M−1 s5 Analysis of the effect of PAI-1 on the rate of plasminogen activation revealed a competitive type of inhibition when urokinase was employed but a linear mixed type of inhibition when single chain tPA was employed. These results suggest that the interaction of PAI-1 with tPA, in contrast to its interaction with urokinase, may involve 2 sites on the tPA molecule.PAI-1 has been purified from medium conditioned by cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells and partially characterized. It is a major biosynthetic product of these cells, accounting for as much as 12% of the total protein released by the cells in 24 h. It has an M of 50,000, an isoelectric point of 4.5-5.0, and is immunologically and biochemically related to the rapidly acting inhibitor present in human platelets and in the plasma of some patients at risk to develop thrombotic problems. Although it is relatively stable to conditions which inactivate most protease inhibitors (acid pH, SDS), it is extremely sensitive to oxidants. The molecular cloning of the PAI-1 gene revealed that the mature human protein is 379 amino acids long, contains an NH2-terminal valine, lacks cysteines and has a methionine at the Pi position of it's reactive center. The conversion of this methionine to methionine sulfoxide may be responsible for the rapid inactivation of PAI-1 by oxidants. Human PAI-1 has extensive (30%) homology with α1-antitrypsin and antithrombin III and is thus a member of the serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) family; a group of related molecules that control the major protease cascades of the blood. The PAI-1 gene is approximately 12.2 kilobase pairs in length and is organized into nine exons and eight introns.The production of PAI-1 by endothelial cells is stimulated by endotoxin, interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, and transforming growth factor β(TGFβ). The cells are extremely sensitive to TGFβwith maximal effects (100-fold stimulation) observed with 1-2 ng/ml. These changes were relatively specific for PAI-1, and could be detected at both the protein and the RNA level. Interestingly, TGFgalso stimulated the amount of PAI-1 present in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of BAEs. PAI-1 was one of the primary ECM components of these cells, constituting 10-20% of the ECM proteins detected after SDS-PAGE.One of the most unusual properties of PAI-1 is that it exists in blood and in various cellular samples in both an active and an inactive (latent) form, the ratio depending on the source. The latent form can be converted into the active one by treatment with denaturants like SDS or guanidine-HCl. Although the majority of the cell-associated PAI-1 is active, it rapidly decays (t1/2=3 h) into the latent form once it is released from the cells. In contrast, the half-life of ECM associated PAI-1 was greater than 24 h. These data suggest that PAI-1 is produced by BAEs in an active form, and is then either released into the medium where it is rapidly inactivated, or released into the subendothelium where it binds to ECM. The specific binding of PAI-1 to ECM protects it from this inactivation.
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Xue, Wanqi, Youzhi Zhang, Shuxin Li, Xinrun Wang, Bo An, and Chai Kiat Yeo. "Solving Large-Scale Extensive-Form Network Security Games via Neural Fictitious Self-Play." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/511.

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Securing networked infrastructures is important in the real world. The problem of deploying security resources to protect against an attacker in networked domains can be modeled as Network Security Games (NSGs). Unfortunately, existing approaches, including the deep learning-based approaches, are inefficient to solve large-scale extensive-form NSGs. In this paper, we propose a novel learning paradigm, NSG-NFSP, to solve large-scale extensive-form NSGs based on Neural Fictitious Self-Play (NFSP). Our main contributions include: i) reforming the best response (BR) policy network in NFSP to be a mapping from action-state pair to action-value, to make the calculation of BR possible in NSGs; ii) converting the average policy network of an NFSP agent into a metric-based classifier, helping the agent to assign distributions only on legal actions rather than all actions; iii) enabling NFSP with high-level actions, which can benefit training efficiency and stability in NSGs; and iv) leveraging information contained in graphs of NSGs by learning efficient graph node embeddings. Our algorithm significantly outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms in both scalability and solution quality.
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Zawada, Zbigniew, Martin Šafařík, Jaroslav Šebestík, Ivan Stibor, and Petr Bouř. "Reaction of prion protein with quinacrine." In XIIth Conference Biologically Active Peptides. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css201113163.

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Howl, John. "Chimeric ligands for G-protein-coupled receptors." In VIth Conference Biologically Active Peptides. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css199903009.

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Jamaluddin, Moideen P., C. Sreedevi, Ancy Thomas, and Lissy K. Krishnan. "A MOLECULAR MECHANISM FOR THE DITHI0THREIT0L-MEDIAT5D PLATELET AGGREGATION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644495.

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Biochemical mechanisms of stimulus response coupling is an intricate problem in platelet biochemistry. Recently we obtained evidence that support the view that conformational changes of an (unsaturated fatty acid – and U46619-binding) haemoprotein induced by the binding of arachidonic acid, H2O2 or PGH2 liberated in apparently different platelet compartments in response to different stimuli could constitute a mechanism (L.K. Krishnan … M.P. Jamaluddin, FEBS Lett, in the press). We investigated the effect of dithiothreitol (DTT), a platelet agonist whose mechanism of action is unknown, on the purified haemoprotein. DTT was found by spectral measurements and gelfiltration experiments to bring about a slow time-dependent conformational .change and oligomerization of the protein concomitantly with its oxidation. Oxidised DTT (trans-4,5-dihy-droxy-1,2-dithiane) was found to induce a similar conformational change by binding to the protein (halfsaturation cancn. 2 mM). Oligomerization changed the charge characteristics of the protein, from net positive to net negative, ait pH 7.4. Protein-protein association is associated with large volume increases. Excluded volume effects and changes in charge distribution at the side of protein conformational change could trigger actin polymerization, pseudopod formation and aggregation, modulated by protein phosphorylation and Ca2+ concentration. In conformity with these ideas oxidized DTT near its half-maximal saturation concentration for the protein, was found to aggregate gelfiltered calf platelets. Presumably it functions as a thioanalogue of PGH2. Oxidized glutathione or oxidized 2-mercaptoethanol could also bring about protein conformational change and platelet aggregation.
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Reports on the topic "Protest action"

1

Manhiça, Anésio, Alex Shankland, Kátia Taela, Euclides Gonçalves, Catija Maivasse, and Mariz Tadros. Alternative Expressions of Citizen Voices: The Protest Song and Popular Engagements with the Mozambican State. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2020.001.

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This study examines Mozambican popular music to investigate three questions: Are notions of empowerment and accountability present in popular music in Mozambique? If so, what can these existing notions of empowerment and accountability reveal about relations between citizens and state institutions in general and about citizen-led social and political action in particular? In what ways is popular music used to support citizen mobilisation in Mozambique? The discussion is based on an analysis of 46 protest songs, interviews with musicians, music producers and event promoters as well as field interviews and observations among audiences at selected popular music concerts and public workshops in Maputo city. Secondary data were drawn from radio broadcasts, digital media, and social networks. The songs analysed were widely played in the past two decades (1998–2018), a period in which three different presidents led the country. Our focus is on the protest song, conceived as those musical products that are concerned with public affairs, particularly public policy and how it affects citizens’ social, political and economic life, and the relationship between citizens and the state.
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Ismail, Zenobia. Interaction Between Food Prices and Political Instability. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.091.

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This report reviews the literature on links between international food prices and political instability (including protests, riots and social unrest). The literature on food prices and protests, riots, unrest, or violent incidents consists mainly of peer-reviewed scholarly articles that utilise econometric modeling. Some early studies examined the links between international food prices and political instability and found conflicting results. Some assessments concluded that there were links between international food prices or food insecurity and the number of violent incidents, while others found that such a link was tenuous. This literature review covers some of the main arguments and findings in the recent literature on food prices and political instability or conflict. The majority of the econometric studies in this review find that there is a link between food price increases and a greater probability of protests, riots or social unrest. However, there are still a few studies that have contradictory results. So, the debate on the effect of food prices on political stability continues. Food subsidies, cash transfers, price controls, and the elimination of trade barriers are some of the policy interventions that may address rising food prices and mitigate the rise of violent collective action. However, the literature questions the effectiveness of such policies in cases where violence or protest action stems from deeper, underlying economic or political grievances.
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Fuchs, Yoram, James Anderson, and Edo Chalutz. Ethylene Inducing Protein - Biochemistry and Mode of Action in Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1990.7594381.bard.

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Dahl, Kristina, and Rachel Licker. Too Hot to Work: Assessing the Threats Climate Change Poses to Outdoor Workers. Union of Concerned Scientists, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47923/2021.14236.

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Outdoor workers face severe risks from extreme heat—risks that will increasingly threaten the health and livelihood of tens of millions of outdoor workers in the United States as climate change makes dangerously hot days more frequent and intense. With economic and legal systems that routinely discount their lives and safety, workers who experience heat-related injuries or illnesses on the job have little to no recourse. By midcentury, with no action to reduce global warming emissions, an estimated $37.1 billion in outdoor workers’ earnings would be at risk annually due to extreme heat. Even with bold action to limit emissions, outdoor workers will face severe and rising risks from extreme heat. Policymakers and employers must take actions to protect outdoor workers.
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Sanders, Jennifer L. Actions of Tamoxifen and Estrogen on Osteoblast Protein Kinase C Expression. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada306529.

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Jejeebhoy, Shireen, and Mary Sebastian. Actions that protect: Promoting sexual and reproductive health and choice among young people in India. Population Council, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh5.1038.

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Ramesh, Vijaya. Neurofibromatosis 2 Tumor Suppressor Protein, Merlin, in Cellular Signaling to Actin Cytoskeleton. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada395581.

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Kraft, Andrew S. Pim Protein Kinase-Levels Correlate With Prostate Tumor Growth and Chemo-Resistance - Potential Mechanism of PIM Action. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada446335.

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Boonyaratanakornkit, Viroj. Chromatin HMG-I (Y) as a Co-regulatory Protein for Estrogen Receptor Action in Breast Cancer Cells. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada368525.

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Boonyaratanakornkit, Viroj. Chromatin HMG-I(Y) as a Co-Regulatory Protein for Estrogen Receptor Action in Breast Cancer Cells. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada391523.

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