Academic literature on the topic 'Protest movements in art'
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Journal articles on the topic "Protest movements in art"
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Patsiaouras, Georgios, Anastasia Veneti, and William Green. "Marketing, art and voices of dissent." Marketing Theory 18, no. 1 (August 14, 2017): 75–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470593117724609.
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Limited research exists around the interrelationships between protest camps and marketing practices. In this article, we focus on the 2014 Hong Kong protest camps as a context where artistic work was innovatively developed and imaginatively promoted to draw global attention. Collecting and analysing empirical data from the Umbrella Movement, our findings explore the interrelationships between arts marketing technologies and the creativity and artistic expression of the protest camps so as to inform, update and rethink arts marketing theory itself. We discuss how protesters used public space to employ inventive methods of audience engagement, participation and co-creation of artwork, together with media art projects which aimed not only to promote their collective aims but also to educate and inform citizens. While some studies have already examined the function of arts marketing beyond traditional and established artistic institutions, our findings offer novel insights into the promotional techniques of protest art within the occupied space of a social movement. Finally, we suggest avenues for future research around the artwork of social movements that could highlight creative and political aspects of (arts) marketing theory.
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Monk, David, Bruno de Oliviera Jayme, and Emilie Salvi. "The heART of Activism: Stories of Community Engagement." Engaged Scholar Journal: Community-Engaged Research, Teaching, and Learning 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15402/esj.v5i2.68335.
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This paper invites the reader to consider the power and potential of art for public engagement, and its use in social movement learning and in demanding the world we want now. The authors frame social movements as important sites of scholarship and learning. They emphasize that by applying creative strategies to engage in critical thought about the nature of the world and one’s position in it, artforms have the potential to make essential contributions to social change. Inspired by literature related to critical art-based learning and learning in social movements, the authors explore representations of protest art and public art exhibitions. They contextualize their writing with stories of mobile art exhibits in Sao Paulo, the ‘maple spring’ in Montreal (Tiotia:ke in the language of the Kanien’kehá:ka), and anti–Bill C-51 protests in Lekwungen territory (Victoria, British Columbia). They present and reflect on their own experiences of using art as engagement and as a representation of voice in public demonstrations.
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Khan, Ajmal. "Anti-Nuclear Movement in India: Protests in Kudankulam and Jaitapur." South Asia Research 42, no. 1 (November 20, 2021): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02627280211054795.
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This article discusses two prominent protest movements in India responding to nuclear energy expansion, protests related to the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project in Tamil Nadu and the Jaitapur Nuclear Power Project in Maharashtra. Partly based on ethnographic fieldwork at both sites, the article argues that these protest movements are substantially different from anti-nuclear mobilisations outside South Asia. Indian nuclear-related protest movements problematise the tensions of development and environment from a grassroots perspective but struggle with opposing claims that more energy is needed. Locally, project-affected people do not trust government agencies to protect them and the local environment against creeping pollutions and potential disasters. Above all, local grievances are directed against high-handed procedures of compensating project-affected persons. Seen from this angle, these protest movements are in effect contributing to the arduous process of democratisation of governance regarding the constantly changing modalities of expanding energy provisions in India.
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Batur, Ayse Lucie. "An Example of a Diachronic Imagination from the Gezi Uprising." Protest, Vol. 4, no. 2 (2019): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m7.068.art.
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Gezi Uprising was a wave of popular protests and horizontal mobilizations that emerged at the urban center of Istanbul against the destruction of a public park at the end of May 2013 and then quickly spread across the country. Gezi Uprising was marked by a revolutionary visual strategy of commoning images and repurposing them and this helped connect many protesting neighborhoods and locations, and their specific grievances. Along this synchronic imagination of the protest, the circulation of images also fostered a diachronic imagination that connected past struggles and experiences with the current ones, creating a sense of temporal connections of experiences of this newly imagined community. The photocollages of graphic designer and artist Füsun Turcan Elmasoğlu illustrates the mode through which the heightened diachronic imagination was fostered by the collective creativity during the uprising. Elmasoğlu created collages by bringing images that belong to the same place but 38 years apart; images from the large Labor Day demonstration at Taksim Square in 1977, “the Bloody May 1” together with current images of the square. Keywords: Gezi Park, protest, radical imagination, social movements, visual culture
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Williams, Rhys H., and James M. Jasper. "The Art of Moral Protest: Culture, Biography, and Creativity in Social Movements." Social Forces 77, no. 4 (June 1999): 1673. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3005916.
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Oberschall, Anthony, and James M. Jasper. "The Art of Moral Protest: Culture, Biography and Creativity in Social Movements." Contemporary Sociology 28, no. 1 (January 1999): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2653898.
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Veneti, Anastasia. "Aesthetics of protest: an examination of the photojournalistic approach to protest imagery." Visual Communication 16, no. 3 (June 26, 2017): 279–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470357217701591.
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Images of protests and demonstrations are crucial to both social movements and protesters who wish to communicate their identity and their messages to wider audiences. However, the photographing of such political events by press photographers is a complex process. The current analysis focuses on questions of aesthetics surrounding issues of visuality regarding protests and demonstrations. Based on empirical data from 17 semi-structured in-depth interviews with Greek photojournalists, this article examines what is photographed during a protest and how this is affected by the photojournalists’ aesthetic criteria. Drawing on scholarly work on photojournalism (Ritchin and Åker) and photography (Sontag), the author discusses how, in addition to the presumption of the principle of recording reality, photojournalists’ practice is also infused with subjective language and influenced by art photographers’ techniques. Therefore, the main argument of this article is that the employment of hybridized photography practices by photojournalists can have an impact upon their visual decisions with regard to what and how is photographed during a protest. The product of such practices is usually high quality, captivating images with apparent affective qualities.
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Doğu, Burak. "Political Use of Twitter in Post-Gezi Environmental Protests." Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication 12, no. 2 (September 13, 2019): 185–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18739865-01202007.
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Abstract Twitter has often been associated with recent social movements, particularly in the Middle East region. It was also used widely in Turkey during and after the nationwide Gezi protests of 2013. In this article, I study the political engagement practices on Twitter with a particular focus on the post-Gezi environmental protests, and reflect on how emergent protest ecologies are shaped through the participation of the diverse stakeholders. Based on an analysis of three environmental protests in Yirca, Iztuzu and Cerattepe, I highlight the role of Twitter as a political platform connecting players across protests. Findings indicate that Twitter plays a significant role in expanding protest networks and enabling the congregation of a wide variety of players, such as environmental movement organizations, media, political figures and activists who then help to sustain their resistance movements.
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Kreicberga, Zane. "POLITICAL ACTIVISM AS A FORM OF THEATRE." Culture Crossroads 8 (November 13, 2022): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.55877/cc.vol8.172.
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Nowadays political activism can be considered as a form of theatre: its strategies and tactics often employ the means proposed by Brecht and other thinkers of the political theatre. However, there is a paradox if artistic activism is being practised exclusively in the artistic context, it can find itself in a deadlock. The article is dedicated to the phenomenon of artistic activism, exploring such examples as protest movements born in the UK “Reclaim the Streets” and “Clandestine Insurgent Rebel Clown Army”, “Nano-rallies” in Barnaul, Russia, the act of “The Standing Man” in Turkey, and the activities in media space by the American activist collective “The Yes Men”. The artists create the language and aesthetics of protest merging the borders of life, art and protest.
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Choi, Susanne YP. "When protests and daily life converge: The spaces and people of Hong Kong’s anti-extradition movement." Critique of Anthropology 40, no. 2 (March 4, 2020): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308275x20908322.
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Social scientists are prone to define social movements as something extraordinary, existing outside the mundane world of daily routines and lives. However, as the anti-extradition movement in Hong Kong has illustrated, protest and daily routines often overlap. This is due in part to the decentralisation of protest events geographically and the mobilisation of conventional life spaces and cultural repertoires as protest tactics. When protests become daily events and daily events become protests, ordinary people can no longer maintain ‘neutrality’ by claiming that they are just ‘distant spectators’. They are turned into witnesses of history, forced to make a moral judgment and take a stand. The situation also creates new roles for those not directly involved in the movement to participate in the movement. At the same time, this ‘invasion’ of the ordinary and the local by the harbingers of political conflict, has bred fear and white terror among neighbours in local communities.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Protest movements in art"
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Kolb, Felix. "Protest and opportunities : the political outcomes of social movements /." Frankfurt : Campus Verl, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41250227k.
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Texte remanié de: Thesis Ph. D.--Berlin--Free university, 2006. Titre de soutenance : Protest, opportunities, and mechanisms : a theory of social movements and political change.Bibliogr. p. 295-329.
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au, M. Tanji@murdoch edu, and Miyume Tanji. "The Enduring Myth of an Okinawan Struggle: The History and Trajectory of a Diverse Community of Protest." Murdoch University, 2003. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040510.152840.
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The islands of Okinawa have a long history of peoples protest. Much of this has been a manifestation in one way or another of Okinawas enforced assimilation into Japan and their differential treatment thereafter. However, it is only in the contemporary period that we find interpretations among academic and popular writers of a collective political movement opposing marginalisation of, and discrimination against, Okinawans. This is most powerfully expressed in the idea of the three waves of a post-war Okinawan struggle against the US military bases. Yet, since Okinawas annexation to Japan in 1879, differences have constantly existed among protest groups over the reasons for and the means by which to protest, and these have only intensified after the reversion to Japanese administration in 1972.
This dissertation examines the trajectory of Okinawan protest actors, focusing on the development and nature of internal differences, the origin and survival of the idea of a united Okinawan struggle, and the implications of these factors for political reform agendas in Okinawa. It explains the internal differences in organisation, strategies and collective identities among the groups in terms of three major priorities in their protest. There are those protesters principally preoccupied with opposing the US-Japan security treaty and for whom the preservation of pacifist clauses of the Constitution and the utilisation of formal legal and political processes are paramount as a modus operandi. There are also those primarily concerned to protect Okinawas distinctive lifestyle and natural environment, as well as an assortment of feminist groups fundamentally opposed to the presence of US bases due to concerns about patriarchy and exploitation of women, fostered by militarism. In these last two perspectives, protest tends to be conducted much more via informal, network-oriented processes, and includes engagement with international civil society groups.
The increasing range of protest groups derived from the expansion of these last two perspectives, diversifying beyond the traditional workers unions and political parties, is consistent with the new social movement theory. This theorys emphasis on the importance of socio economic change for the emergence of groups with post-materialist reform agendas and a stronger predisposition towards informal political processes resonates with the Okinawan experiences. However, the impact of this has been, especially after the reversion in 1972, to hinder effective coalition building among the Okinawan protest groups and organisations, weakening their power to bring about political reforms, particularly towards the removal of the US military bases from the island.
Crucially, though, the idea of an Okinawan struggle has endured in the community of protest throughout the post-war period. Ideas about marginalisation of, and discrimination against, Okinawans constitute a powerful myth of an Okinawan struggle, which has a long history of being redefined, used and exploited differently
by a wide range of protest actors, adjusted to their particular and historically specific struggles. Indeed, in the event that the US military bases were withdrawn from Okinawa, the ability and appeal of the myth of an Okinawan struggle would therefore not necessarily expire, even if it will increasingly be joined by other protest perspectives as a result of the flowering of new social movements.
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Mallik, Basanta Kumar. "Paradigms of dissent and protest : social movements in Eastern India, c. AD 1400-1700 /." New Delhi : Manohar Publishers & Distributors, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb401407728.
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Bhuyan, Md Mahbub Or Rahman Bhuyan. "Threads of Protest and Resistance: The Impact of Social Movements on the Development of Laws Protecting Women’s Rights in Bangladesh." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1597329273763621.
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Malalepe, Keagile. "The legitimacy of violence as a political act: an investigation of vandalism surrounding service delivery protests in South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18113.
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This study aimed at investigating the legitimacy of violence as political act, especially the issue of vandalism surrounding service delivery protests in South Africa. The investigation was conducted in a small township around Soweto called Kliptown as a case study. This study was necessitated by the increasing number of violent service delivery protests around all provinces in the country. The statement of the problem provided a foundation within which the aims of the study were explained. The importance of this research cannot be justified enough especially given the mounting daily protests witnessed over service delivery by different communities from different provinces around the country.
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Chen, Yen-Hsin. "Protests in China: Why and Which Chinese People Go to the Street?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984256/.
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This research seeks to answer why and which Chinese people go to the street to protest. I argue that different sectors of Chinese society differ from each other regarding their tendencies to participate in protest. In addition to their grievances, the incentives to participate in protest and their capacities to overcome the collective action problem all needed to be taken into account. Using individual level data along with ordinary binary logistic regression and multilevel logistic regression models, I first compare the protest participation of workers and peasants and find that workers are more likely than peasants to participate in protests in the context of contemporary China. I further disaggregate the working class into four subtypes according to the ownership of the enterprises they work for. I find that workers of township and village enterprises are more likely than workers of state-owned enterprises to engage in protest activities, while there is no significant difference between the workers of domestic privately owned enterprises and the workers of foreign-owned enterprises regarding their protest participation. Finally, I find that migrant workers, which refers to peasants who move to urban areas in search of jobs, are less likely than urban registered workers to participate in protests.ix, 193 pages
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Kryzhanouski, Yauheni. "Contester par la musique sous régime autoritaire : rock et politisation en Biélorussie." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG040.
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Cette thèse examine la politisation dans un régime autoritaire à travers l’étude de deux mouvements rock contestataires en Biélorussie. Le rock « national » s’est constitué en tant que mouvement artistique dans les années 1980 autour de la production de la musique contemporaine d’inspiration occidentale chantée en langue biélorusse et de la promotion d’une vision hétérodoxe de l’« identité nationale ». Le tournant autoritaire des années 1995-1996 a provoqué la repolitisation contestataire de ce mouvement artistique. Les acteurs du rock « national » continuent de revendiquer le statut « underground » tout en aspirant à la professionnalisation dans le cadre du système de production commercial. C’est aussi au milieu des années 1990 qu’un autre mouvement contestataire se constitue – le rock anarcho-punk DIY imprégné des conventions du modèle Do it yourself internationalisé. Ce mouvement proche des groupements anarchistes prône l’amateurisme, la production artistique restreinte et le radicalisme des prises de position. Sur l’exemple de ces deux mouvements artistiques, la thèse étudie les logiques de politisation et les modes de contestationBased on a study of two protest rock movements in Belarus, this thesis examines the phenomenon of politicisation in an authoritarian regime. The “national” rock emerged in the 1980s as a modern artistic movement inspired by Western music conventions. Singing in Belarusian, this scene aspired to promote a heterodox vision of “national identity”. The authoritarian turn in 1995-1996 provoked protest re-politicisation of this artistic movement. “National” rock musicians continued to claim the “underground” status, while aspiring to professionalisation and commercial production. Against the backdrop of the authoritarian change, another protest movement emerged in the mid-1990s. Following the internationalised Do-It-Yourself model, the DIY anarcho-punk is closely linked to anarchist groups and promotes amateurism, limited artistic production and radical political expression. Based on the example of the two artistic movements, this thesis studies the logics of politicisation and the modes of political protest
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Middlebrooks, Justin M. Mr. "The Intersection Between Politics, Culture, and Spirituality: An Interdisciplinary Investigation of Performance Art Activism and Contemporary Societal Problems." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1333397676.
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Grabarek, Kristin Elizabeth. "Protest activities in southern universities, 1965-1972." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Spring/master's/GRABAREK_KRISTIN_16.pdf.
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Dasgupta, Srinanda. "Protest movements and the political process:a study of their implications in contemporary Indian politics." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/191.
Full textBooks on the topic "Protest movements in art"
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Thomson, Isabelle. The Power of Art & Protest. [New York, NY]: the Calhoun School, 2014.
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Kim, Tong-il. Sangjing t'ujaeng ŭi sahoehak: Yesulga nŭn ŏttŏk'e sesang ŭl pakkulkka. Sŏul-si: K'ŏmyunik'eisyŏn Puksŭ, 2020.
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Visual media and culture of 'occupy'. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2013.
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Stitching truth: Women's protest art in Pinochet's Chile. Brookline, Mass: Facing History and Ourselves, 2008.
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Carl-Heinz, Mallet. Die Leute von der Hafenstrasse: Über eine andere Art zu leben. Hamburg: Edition Nautilus, 2000.
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Hopeful monsters: Pablo Echaurren e i mostri del movimento del '77. Milano: Postmedia books, 2020.
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The art of protest: Culture and activism from the civil rights movement to the streets of Seattle. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2005.
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Reed, T. V. The art of protest: Culture and activism from the civil rights movement to the streets of Seattle. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2005.
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Tepper, Steven J. Not here, not now, not that!: Protest over art and culture in America. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2011.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Protest movements in art"
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Mak, Sophie. "The Art of Protest in Hong Kong." In Edition Politik, 22–29. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839470558-003.
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During the 2019 protests in Hong Kong, art became an indispensable avenue for dissent and political expression. It offered a peaceful alternative way for citizens to express their views and ideologies without having to protest in the streets. Artists formed an integral part of the political movement that reinvented Hong Kong's identity and preserved the city's soul. The innovative and decentralized methods of creating and distributing led to a level of unity and fluidity that had never been seen before. These creative resistance strategies were so successful that they inspired other protest movements in South-East Asia and beyond.
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Öhman, Anton. "Peace Actions and Mainstream Media: Framing Nuclear Disarmament Protests in Welfare Sweden." In Palgrave Studies in the History of Social Movements, 165–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27370-4_7.
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AbstractThis chapter investigates how reports in Swedish mainstream media framed the 1980s peace movement collective actions in Sweden. By revisiting press coverage of protest events, the analysis identifies the central characteristics of the framing. Primarily, the protests are found to be framed in positive terms and successfully conveyed what Charles Tilly and others have noted as key for a social movement to gain influence: worthiness, unity, numbers, and commitment. In addition, the collective actions were framed as common sense based, festive, and diverse, and in favorable terms in contrast to the notion of the “protest paradigm,” which states that this kind of protest generally was framed negatively, and the framing of collective peace action in other countries. An explanation for the positive framing could be that the peace movement’s claims were non-threatening to the Swedish nuclear welfare state. This favorable framing can be further attributed to what is here analyzed as media-movement co-framing, meaning that the media’s representation of peace actions and collective action framework of them to a significant degree overlapped can explain the favorable framing. As a result, the movement and media framings mutually reinforced each other.
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Gruber, Judith, Michael Schüßler, and Ryszard Bobrowicz. "Introduction." In Pathways for Ecumenical and Interreligious Dialogue, 1–17. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56019-4_1.
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AbstractOver the last few years, we have witnessed a surge in protest movements around the world. As planet Earth shows its vulnerability and a global pandemic has fundamentally recalibrated the textures of our individual and collective lives, a shared concern for survival triggers individuals and groups to contest the status quo and to call for alternative solutions to the pressing issues of our time. These problems confront us with irreducible complexity, and therefore trigger a wide variety of protest responses across the political spectrum, such as the global ‘Fridays for Future’ demonstrations, or the protests against coronavirus restrictions that have found strong support, particularly among the constituencies of right-wing, populist parties. Dissenting movements, thus, can take a range of forms. At their core, however, they share a common pattern, i.e. (1) they seek to manage the irreducible complexity of reality, (2) they make normative claims about what constitutes a good life, and (3) they offer visions of transformation and hope for a future. This is the stuff of theology, and, indeed, religious and theological messages are often explicitly present in protest movements. Yet, paradoxically, within religious communities, protest is often seen either as inherently intrinsic to, or simply antithetical to, religious loyalty (or ‘faithfulness’).
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Sevelsted, Anders, and Jonas Toubøl. "Paradigm Lost? Three Dimensions of Morality and Social Movements." In Nonprofit and Civil Society Studies, 15–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98798-5_2.
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AbstractIn this chapter, focusing on the position of the concept of morality, we briefly review the evolution of the field of social movements from the first formulations of the phenomena of protest, mass, and collective action in classical sociology, through the formation of social movement studies as proper field of research in the 1970s, to its contemporary state. We argue that while morality was central to the classical tradition’s understanding of movements, it lost prominence when the field was established, and still today, morality does not receive much attention. There are, of course, notable exceptions like the work of Jeffrey Alexander, Hans Joas, and the new social movement tradition in Europe. Relatively recently, morality has received increasing attention from scholars studying movements from the perspective of culture. We discuss the role of morality in three of the most prominent theories in this tradition, namely, collective identity, frame alignment, and emotion theory. We argue that they all present promising avenues for developing our understanding of morality and movements while we also point to limitations and inadequacies in each theory or the way they have been applied. We then turn to the constructive work of reorganizing the concept of morality’s relationship with civic action and social movement by developing three dimensions of morality that we argue which are of particular relevance to social movements: selves in interaction, rationalization and justification, and culture and tradition. We trace each dimension from its origin in moral philosophy through its formulation in classical sociology and finally into contemporary theories of civic action. Before closing, we reflect on how the different dimensions intersect and can be applied to the analysis of contemporary empirical cases of social movements and political protest.
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Moroz, Oxana. "‘We Will Not Forget, We Will Not Forgive!’: Alexei Navalny, Youth Protest and the Art of Curating Digital Activism and Memory in Russia." In Social Movements, Cultural Memory and Digital Media, 249–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32827-6_10.
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Hutter, Michael. "Are markets like protest movements? A theoretical appraisal of valuation systems." In Zehn Jahre danach. Niklas Luhmanns »Die Gesellschaft der Gesellschaft«, edited by Dirk Baecker, Michael Hutter, Gaetano Romano, and Rudolf Stichweh, 32–45. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110509229-004.
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Durán-Vélez, Ana Isabel. "In-Situ Aesthetics as Local Politics: Gilbert Simondon and the 21N Protest Movement." In Violence and Resistance, Art and Politics in Colombia, 21–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10326-1_2.
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Thurman, Erik. "Not 30 Pesos, 30 Years!" In Edition Politik, 30–35. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839470558-004.
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Erik Thurman investigates the role of art in the Chilean protest movement that started in 2019. It started with resistance by high school students against a 30 peso metro fee hike and developed into a nationwide series of protests and strikes aiming to eradicate the institutional and societal leftovers of the authoritarian neoliberalism of Augusto Pinochet. The contribution highlights the importance of art in exposing authoritarian atrocities and invoking solidarity. As a comic, the contribution itself is such a work of art.
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Ayoub, Joey. "Songs for Free Syria and Regional Cross-Border Solidarity." In Edition Politik, 66–73. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839470558-009.
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Joey Ayoub's contribution explores the songs of the 2011 Syrian revolution, that was crushed by Assad, survived and are sung today in movements of resistance all over the Middle East and Northern Africa, from Palestine to Sudan and Algeria. It argues that chants, alongside visual creations such as protest signs, memes, music videos, and so on, are important tools of non-violent resistance, especially during times when taking to the streets becomes too dangerous. Often they are more lasting than the political movements they emerge from, reappearing in new forms adapted for the local context, and inspiring new moments of resistance.
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Habib, Adam. "Seeding a New World: Lessons from the FeesMustFall Movement for the Advancement of Social Justice." In Knowledge and Civil Society, 275–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71147-4_13.
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AbstractThe author interrogates the empirical experience of #FeesMustFall—which is extensively detailed in the book Rebels & Rage from which this article flows—with a view to understanding social movements and in turn enhancing the effectiveness of social justice struggles in the future. He discusses the value of social mobilization in effecting change, but demonstrates that this is only sustainable if the protest is structured within certain strategic and ethical parameters. He then proceeds to interrogate the issues of violence, the framing of the struggle and outcomes, the decision-making processes associated with the protest, and the importance of ethical conduct by leaders and activists. He concludes by underscoring the legitimacy of the social justice struggles but insists that these have to be more effectively conducted if they are to culminate in the establishment of a more humane social order.
Conference papers on the topic "Protest movements in art"
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Holmquist, Paul. "Architecture of/as Protest: Action, Place and the Concern for the World." In 110th ACSA Annual Meeting Paper Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.110.57.
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What is the relation between political action and architectural space? How do protesters and other actors transform urban spaces into stages for envisioning and enacting political change? How do architectural places in turn support, condition or even elicit public action? How are architects and designers political actors, and how can architecture, design, and art be considered to ‘act’ within the public realm? These questions were taken as points of departure for an advanced research seminar in architectural theory taught at Louisiana State University in the fall of 2020. The course explored the role that architectural spaces and practices play in different forms and modes of political protest action, not only in light of the Black Lives Matter protests that year, but also the global urban protest movements, uprisings and events of the last decades across the spectrum of concerns from human rights to climate change. In this paper I discuss how the seminar sought to examine protest action within the ‘architectural’ perspectives of space, place, inhabitation and making, as well as the capacity of architecture and art practices to ‘act’ in the mode of protest within the political perspectives of agency, speech, the common and appearance. The seminar took as a primary framework the political philosophy of Hannah Arendt, and the intrinsic relation she posits between the places of the fabricated, common world and the very possibility of political action. I then consider how place comes to be at stake in architecture as a mode of protest in students’ research on a wide range of topics, issues, events and practices. I conclude by reflecting on how such an architecture of protest would comprehend a radical place-making, acting to help establish the conditions for political action, and to nurture, support and sustain them so that protest actors may enact and embody claims for justice in their own acting and speaking.
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Gurbuz, Mustafa. "PERFORMING MORAL OPPOSITION: MUSINGS ON THE STRATEGY AND IDENTITY IN THE GÜLEN MOVEMENT." In Muslim World in Transition: Contributions of the Gülen Movement. Leeds Metropolitan University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55207/hzit2119.
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This paper investigates the Gülen movement’s repertoires of action in order to determine how it differs from traditional Islamic revivalist movements and from the so-called ‘New Social Movements’ in the Western world. Two propositions lead the discussion: First, unlike many Islamic revivalist movements, the Gülen movement shaped its identity against the perceived threat of a trio of enemies, as Nursi named them a century ago – ignorance, disunity, and poverty. This perception of the opposition is crucial to understanding the apolitical mind-set of the Gülen movement’s fol- lowers. Second, unlike the confrontational New Social Movements, the Gülen movement has engaged in ‘moral opposition’, in which the movement’s actors seek to empathise with the adversary by creating (what Bakhtin calls) ‘dialogic’ relationships. ‘Moral opposition’ has enabled the movement to be more alert strategically as well as more productive tactically in solving the everyday practical problems of Muslims in Turkey. A striking example of this ‘moral opposition’ was witnessed in the Merve Kavakci incident in 1999, when the move- ment tried to build bridges between the secular and Islamist camps, while criticising and educating both parties during the post-February 28 period in Turkey. In this way the Gülen movement’s performance of opposition can contribute new theoretical and practical tools for our understanding of social movements. 104 | P a g e Recent works on social movements have criticized the longstanding tradition of classify- ing social movement types as “strategy-oriented” versus “identity-oriented” (Touraine 1981; Cohen 1985; Rucht 1988) and “identity logic of action” versus “instrumentalist logic of ac- tion” (Duyvendak and Giugni 1995) by regarding identities as a key element of a move- ment’s strategic and tactical repertoire (see Bernstein 1997, 2002; Gamson 1997; Polletta 1998a; Polletta and Jasper 2001; Taylor and Van Dyke 2004). Bifurcation of identity ver- sus strategy suggests the idea that some movements target the state and the economy, thus, they are “instrumental” and “strategy-oriented”; whereas some other movements so-called “identity movements” challenge the dominant cultural patterns and codes and are considered “expressive” in content and “identity-oriented.” New social movement theorists argue that identity movements try to gain recognition and respect by employing expressive strategies wherein the movement itself becomes the message (Touraine 1981; Cohen 1985; Melucci 1989, 1996). Criticizing these dualisms, some scholars have shown the possibility of different social movement behaviour under different contextual factors (e.g. Bernstein 1997; Katzenstein 1998). In contrast to new social movement theory, this work on the Gülen movement indi- cates that identity movements are not always expressive in content and do not always follow an identity-oriented approach; instead, identity movements can synchronically be strategic as well as expressive. In her article on strategies and identities in Black Protest movements during the 1960s, Polletta (1994) criticizes the dominant theories of social movements, which a priori assume challengers’ unified common interests. Similarly, Jenkins (1983: 549) refers to the same problem in the literature by stating that “collective interests are assumed to be relatively unproblematic and to exist prior to mobilization.” By the same token, Taylor and Whittier (1992: 104) criticize the longstanding lack of explanation “how structural inequality gets translated into subjective discontent.” The dominant social movement theory approaches such as resource mobilization and political process regard these problems as trivial because of their assumption that identities and framing processes can be the basis for interests and further collective action but cannot change the final social movement outcome. Therefore, for the proponents of the mainstream theories, identities of actors are formed in evolutionary processes wherein social movements consciously frame their goals and produce relevant dis- courses; yet, these questions are not essential to explain why collective behaviour occurs (see McAdam, McCarthy, and Zald 1996). This reductionist view of movement culture has been criticized by a various number of scholars (e.g. Goodwin and Jasper 1999; Polletta 1997, 1999a, 1999b; Eyerman 2002). In fact, the debate over the emphases (interests vis-à-vis identities) is a reflection of the dissent between American and European sociological traditions. As Eyerman and Jamison (1991: 27) note, the American sociologists focused on “the instrumentality of movement strategy formation, that is, on how movement organizations went about trying to achieve their goals,” whereas the European scholars concerned with the identity formation processes that try to explain “how movements produced new historical identities for society.” Although the social movement theorists had recognized the deficiencies within each approach, the attempts to synthesize these two traditions in the literature failed to address the empirical problems and methodological difficulties. While criticizing the mainstream American collective behaviour approaches that treat the collective identities as given, many leading European scholars fell into a similar trap by a 105 | P a g e priori assuming that the collective identities are socio-historical products rather than cog- nitive processes (see, for instance, Touraine 1981). New Social Movement (NSM) theory, which is an offshoot of European tradition, has lately been involved in the debate over “cog- nitive praxis” (Eyerman and Jamison 1991), “signs” (Melucci 1996), “identity as strategy” (Bernstein 1997), protest as “art” (Jasper 1997), “moral performance” (Eyerman 2006), and “storytelling” (Polletta 2006). In general, these new formulations attempt to bring mental structures of social actors and symbolic nature of social action back in the study of collec- tive behaviour. The mental structures of the actors should be considered seriously because they have a potential to change the social movement behaviours, tactics, strategies, timing, alliances and outcomes. The most important failure, I think, in the dominant SM approaches lies behind the fact that they hinder the possibility of the construction of divergent collective identities under the same structures (cf. Polletta 1994: 91). This study investigates on how the Gülen movement differed from other Islamic social move- ments under the same structural factors that were realized by the organized opposition against Islamic activism after the soft coup in 1997. Two propositions shall lead my discussion here: First, unlike many Islamic revivalist movements, the Gülen movement shaped its identity against perceived threat of the triple enemies, what Nursi defined a century ago: ignorance, disunity, and poverty. This perception of the opposition is crucial to grasp non-political men- tal structures of the Gülen movement followers. Second, unlike the confrontational nature of the new social movements, the Gülen movement engaged in a “moral opposition,” in which the movement actors try to empathize with the enemy by creating “dialogic” relationships.
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Erdonmez, Ebru. "SOCIAL MOVEMENT DERIVED PUBLIC SPACES: A FOCUS ON GEZI PROTEST." In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on ARTS, PERFORMING ARTS, ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b41/s15.116.
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Lapka, Miloslav. "LANDSCAPE, SOCIETY AND ART AS A KIND OF PROTEST. SOCIOLOGICAL VIEW." In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY, SOCIOLOGY AND HEALTHCARE, EDUCATION. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b12/s2.061.
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Pozdílková, Alena, Jaroslav Marek, and Marie Nedvědová. "Time Series Movements in Art Prices." In Hradec Economic Days 2021, edited by Jan Maci, Petra Maresova, Krzysztof Firlej, and Ivan Soukal. University of Hradec Kralove, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36689/uhk/hed/2021-01-066.
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Mădăras, Anamaria Paula. "Multiculturality of names of art movements." In International Conference on Onomastics “Name and Naming”. Editura Mega, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30816/iconn5/2019/59.
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Strongly “anchored” in the social dimension of life and having psychological “roots”, art movements in painting are defined by cultural diversity. In this paper, we aim to describe, from an interdisciplinary perspective, the way in which the names of art movements are formed, as well as their meaning and etymology. The methodology relies on techniques specific to onomastics, sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics. The sources of the names analysed consist of websites and art books.
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QIAN, CHUN. "A STUDY ON THE GRADE SYSTEM OF PLEADING GUILTY AND ACCEPTING PUNISHMENT—FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INTERSUBJECTIVITY." In 2021 International Conference on Education, Humanity and Language, Art. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dtssehs/ehla2021/35711.
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The right of remorse is not only the voluntary guarantee of the case of pleading guilty and accepting punishment, but also the source of the accused’s appeal. Protest is a confrontation between the right of remorse and the court of first instance’s failure to adopt the sentencing recommendation of the prosecution, and this confrontational contradiction always exists, which stems from the failure to put the characteristics of guilty plea and punishment admitting into the second instance procedure. Standardizing the right of remorse, establishing the system of cause appeal, classifying the reasons for protest and adjusting the scope of the second trial are helpful to resolve the conflicts in the system of admitting punishment and adjudication, and use intersubjectivity to break through the tension between litigation justice and litigation efficiency.
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Leksono, Fitorio, and Donna Sugianto. "UnderstandingSouth Tangerang's Generation Z during 2019 Student Protest through Empathy Map Canvas." In Proceedings of the 1st Conference of Visual Art, Design, and Social Humanities by Faculty of Art and Design, CONVASH 2019, 2 November 2019, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.2-11-2019.2294723.
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Altinoz, O. Tolga, and Meltem Ozkan Altinoz. "Classification of modern art movements with computational methods: Initial results." In 2017 25th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/siu.2017.7960640.
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Shum, P. Y. S., and T. Klein. "VR CALLIGRAPHY Transposing Chinese calligraphy as choreographed movements into whole-body performances in VR." In 28th International Symposium on Electronic Art. Paris: Ecole des arts decoratifs - PSL, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69564/isea2023-93-full-shum-et-al-vr-calligraphy.
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Current research in the area of digitizing Chinese calligraphy is primarily concerned with computer graphics (CG), calligraphy ink/brush simulation, human-computer interaction (HCI), and automatic calligraphy generation. In all above research fields, calligraphy is mainly expressed and represented in two dimensions as traditional ink on paper. Even within recent contemporary calligraphic movements, there is little exploration into a true spatialization of calligraphy beyond the flat medium. This research articulates an evolution of Chinese calligraphy, from a physical two-dimensionality into a multidimensional digital form via choreographed whole-body movements using VR (virtual reality) interfaces. We present a series of experiments to test the transposition, creation, and presentation of the essential qualities of calligraphy into a VR format. The aim is, through disseminating new virtual phenomenology in calligraphy, to contribute to and extend the existing writing on the relation between calligraphy and technology as an art entering into immersive environments and interactive virtual spaces. Thus, the research interrogates the dimensionality of calligraphy to synthesize the notion of shufa (书法, the way of writing; the Chinese word for calligraphy) from the perspective of a choreographed performance within VR.
Reports on the topic "Protest movements in art"
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Price, Roz. Links Between Energy Prices, Fuel Subsidy Reform and Instability. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.023.
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Increasingly, the links between energy insecurity (including energy prices, availability, and fuel subsidy reform) and instability are being studied. These issues often become flashpoints for social mobilisation and protest. Previous research has started to explore different types of fuel-related conflict and its relationship with scarcity, abundance, and energy prices but the research is fragmented. Much of this existing research focuses on a possible link between oil and armed conflict and rebellion, rather than on fuel prices as a source of intra-state instability below the level of armed conflict. It is argued that this research gap is important as these protests often have the potential to escalate into broader political movements, and the pressures to reduce reliance on carbon-heavy fuels through increased taxation or the reduction of subsidies is increasing. This rapid review provides an overview of the evidence on the links between energy prices, subsidy reforms and the risk of instability. It first highlights these links and discusses the literature, and then provides some brief evidence on recommendations and lessons learned on managing the impact of subsidy reform processes. The review was unable to identify any indicators of risk or quantitative metrics for appraising energy-related instability, apart from the unique fuel riots database created by Natalini et al. (2020). This rapid review takes a wide view of “instability” and what that means.
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Stanley, Stephanie. The Tea Party and Occupy Wall Street Movements: Populism and Protest. Portland State University Library, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/honors.2.
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Ashenfelter, Orley, and Kathryn Graddy. Sale Rates and Price Movements in Art Auctions. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16743.
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Cantoni, Davide, David Yang, Noam Yuchtman, and Y. Jane Zhang. Are Protests Games of Strategic Complements or Substitutes? Experimental Evidence from Hong Kong's Democracy Movement. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23110.
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Bellwood-Howard, Imogen, Peter Taylor, Julie Doyle, Aminata Niang, Haoussa Ndiaye, Fatoumata Sow, and Lansine Sountoura. Citizen Voice and the Arts: Opportunities and Challenges for Citizen–Policy Engagement on Environmental Issues in Sahelian West Africa. Institute of Development Studies, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.088.
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Citizen and policy groups address environmental challenges in the Sahel, but rarely together. In Sahelian West Africa, including in Mauritania, Senegal, and Mali, artists and citizens have used protest art to make their voices heard, in contexts where this can carry risks of conflict with authorities. Artists sometimes act as engaged citizens, who can draw on their artistic talents to communicate a message. This paper explores how far art may be used as a tool for dialogue between different groups on environmental concerns in the Western Sahel.
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Wang, Yong-Yi. PR-350-164501-R01 Guidance for Assessing Buried Pipelines after a Ground Movement Event. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011582.
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The vast majority of buried pipelines are not designed to accommodate significant localized ground movement such as that caused by landslides, earthquakes, or subsidence/settlement. When such a ground movement event occurs along the right-of-way (ROW) of a buried pipeline, it is imperative that the pipeline operator determine whether the ground movement is a threat to pipeline integrity, in order to protect those responding to the event, those living near the affected ROW, and the environment. This report provides guidance to pipeline operators responding to a ground movement event. This has been done via a structured response plan to guide the investigation and to ad-dress the unique conditions associated with such events. The response plan covers some criti-cal decisions after an event, such as whether the continued operation of the subject pipeline is advisable, and if so, whether a pressure reduction is beneficial. This document has a related webinar.
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Gafny, Ron, A. L. N. Rao, and Edna Tanne. Etiology of the Rugose Wood Disease of Grapevine and Molecular Study of the Associated Trichoviruses. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575269.bard.
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Rugose wood is a complex disease of grapevines, characterized by modification of the woody cylinder of affected vines. The control of rugose wood is based on the production of healthy propagation material. Detection of rugose wood in grapevines is difficult and expensive: budwood from tested plants is grafted onto sensitive Vitis indicators and the appearance of symptoms is monitored for 3 years. The etiology of rugose wood is complex and has not yet been elucidated. Several elongated clostero-like viruses are consistently found in affected vines; one of them, grapevine virus A (GVA), is closely associated with Kober stem grooving, a component of the rugose wood complex. GVA has a single-stranded RNA genome of 7349 nucleotides, excluding a polyA tail at the 3' terminus. The GVA genome includes five open reading frames (ORFs 1-5). ORF 4, which encodes for the coat protein of GVA, is the only ORF for which the function was determined experimentally. The original objectives of this research were: 1- To produce antisera to the structural and non-structural proteins of GVA and GVB and to use these antibodies to establish an effective detection method. 2- Develop full length infectious cDNA clones of GVA and GVB. 3- Study the roll of GVA and GVB in the etiology of the grapevine rugose wood disease. 4- Determine the function of Trichovirus (now called Vitivirus) encoded genes in the virus life cycle. Each of the ORFs 2, 3, 4 and 5 genes of GVA were cloned and expressed in E. coli and used to produce antisera. Both the CP (ORF 4) and the putative MP (ORF 3) were detected with their corresponding antisera in-GVA infected N. benthamiana and grapevine. The MP was first detected at an early stage of the infection, 6-12 h after inoculation, and the CP 2-3 days after inoculation. The MP could be detected in GVA-infected grapevines that tested negative for CP, both with CP antiserum and with a commercially available ELISA kit. Antisera to ORF 2 and 5 encoded proteins could react with the recombinant proteins but failed to detect both proteins in GVA infected plants. A full-length cDNA clone of grapevine virus A (GVA) was constructed downstream from the bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase promoter. Capped in vitro transcribed RNA was infectious in N. benthamiana and N. clevelandii plants. Symptoms induced by the RNA transcripts or by the parental virus were indistinguishable. The infectivity of the in vitro-transcribed RNA was confirmed by serological detection of the virus coat and movement proteins and by observation of virions by electron microscopy. The full-length clone was modified to include a gus reporter gene and gus activity was detected in inoculated and systemic leaves of infected plants. Studies of GVA mutants suggests that the coat protein (ORF 4) is essential for cell to cell movement, the putative movement protein (ORF 3) indeed functions as a movement protein and that ORF 2 is not required for virus replication, cell to cell or systemic movement. Attempts to infect grapevines by in-vitro transcripts, by inoculation of cDNA construct in which the virus is derived by the CaMV 35S promoter or by approach grafting with infected N. benthamiana, have so far failed. Studies of the subcellular distribution of GFP fusion with each of ORF 2, 3 and 4 encoded protein showed that the CP fusion protein accumulated as a soluble cytoplasmatic protein. The ORF 2 fusion protein accumulated in cytoplasmatic aggregates. The MP-GFP fusion protein accumulated in a large number of small aggregates in the cytoplasm and could not move from cell to cell. However, in conditions that allowed movement of the fusion protein from cell to cell (expression by a PVX vector or in young immature leaves) the protein did not form cytoplasmatic aggregates but accumulated in the plasmodesmata.
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Epel, Bernard L., Roger N. Beachy, A. Katz, G. Kotlinzky, M. Erlanger, A. Yahalom, M. Erlanger, and J. Szecsi. Isolation and Characterization of Plasmodesmata Components by Association with Tobacco Mosaic Virus Movement Proteins Fused with the Green Fluorescent Protein from Aequorea victoria. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573996.bard.
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The coordination and regulation of growth and development in multicellular organisms is dependent, in part, on the controlled short and long-distance transport of signaling molecule: In plants, symplastic communication is provided by trans-wall co-axial membranous tunnels termed plasmodesmata (Pd). Plant viruses spread cell-to-cell by altering Pd. This movement scenario necessitates a targeting mechanism that delivers the virus to a Pd and a transport mechanism to move the virion or viral nucleic acid through the Pd channel. The identity of host proteins with which MP interacts, the mechanism of the targeting of the MP to the Pd and biochemical information on how Pd are alter are questions which have been dealt with during this BARD project. The research objectives of the two labs were to continue their biochemical, cellular and molecular studies of Pd composition and function by employing infectious modified clones of TMV in which MP is fused with GFP. We examined Pd composition, and studied the intra- and intercellular targeting mechanism of MP during the infection cycle. Most of the goals we set for ourselves were met. The Israeli PI and collaborators (Oparka et al., 1999) demonstrated that Pd permeability is under developmental control, that Pd in sink tissues indiscriminately traffic proteins of sizes of up to 50 kDa and that during the sink to source transition there is a substantial decrease in Pd permeability. It was shown that companion cells in source phloem tissue export proteins which traffic in phloem and which unload in sink tissue and move cell to cell. The TAU group employing MP:GFP as a fluorescence probe for optimized the procedure for Pd isolation. At least two proteins kinases found to be associated with Pd isolated from source leaves of N. benthamiana, one being a calcium dependent protein kinase. A number of proteins were microsequenced and identified. Polyclonal antibodies were generated against proteins in a purified Pd fraction. A T-7 phage display library was created and used to "biopan" for Pd genes using these antibodies. Selected isolates are being sequenced. The TAU group also examined whether the subcellular targeting of MP:GFP was dependent on processes that occurred only in the presence of the virus or whether targeting was a property indigenous to MP. Mutant non-functional movement proteins were also employed to study partial reactions. Subcellular targeting and movement were shown to be properties indigenous to MP and that these processes do not require other viral elements. The data also suggest post-translational modification of MP is required before the MP can move cell to cell. The USA group monitored the development of the infection and local movement of TMV in N. benthamiana, using viral constructs expressing GFP either fused to the MP of TMV or expressing GFP as a free protein. The fusion protein and/or the free GFP were expressed from either the movement protein subgenomic promoter or from the subgenomic promoter of the coat protein. Observations supported the hypothesis that expression from the cp sgp is regulated differently than expression from the mp sgp (Szecsi et al., 1999). Using immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy, it was determined that paired wall-appressed bodies behind the leading edge of the fluorescent ring induced by TMV-(mp)-MP:GFP contain MP:GFP and the viral replicase. These data suggest that viral spread may be a consequence of the replication process. Observation point out that expression of proteins from the mp sgp is temporary regulated, and degradation of the proteins occurs rapidly or more slowly, depending on protein stability. It is suggested that the MP contains an external degradation signal that contributes to rapid degradation of the protein even if expressed from the constitutive cp sgp. Experiments conducted to determine whether the degradation of GFP and MP:GFP was regulated at the protein or RNA level, indicated that regulation was at the protein level. RNA accumulation in infected protoplast was not always in correlation with protein accumulation, indicating that other mechanisms together with RNA production determine the final intensity and stability of the fluorescent proteins.
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Epel, Bernard, and Roger Beachy. Mechanisms of intra- and intercellular targeting and movement of tobacco mosaic virus. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7695874.bard.
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To cause disease, plant viruses must replicate and spread locally and systemically within the host. Cell-to-cell virus spread is mediated by virus-encoded movement proteins (MPs), which modify the structure and function of plasmodesmata (Pd), trans-wall co-axial membranous tunnels that interconnect the cytoplasm of neighboring cells. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) employ a single MP for cell- cell spread and for which CP is not required. The PIs, Beachy (USA) and Epel (Israel) and co-workers, developed new tools and approaches for study of the mechanism of spread of TMV that lead to a partial identification and molecular characterization of the cellular machinery involved in the trafficking process. Original research objectives: Based on our data and those of others, we proposed a working model of plant viral spread. Our model stated that MPᵀᴹⱽ, an integral ER membrane protein with its C-terminus exposed to the cytoplasm (Reichel and Beachy, 1998), alters the Pd SEL, causes the Pd cytoplasmic annulus to dilate (Wolf et al., 1989), allowing ER to glide through Pd and that this gliding is cytoskeleton mediated. The model claimed that in absence of MP, the ER in Pd (the desmotubule) is stationary, i.e. does not move through the Pd. Based on this model we designed a series of experiments to test the following questions: -Does MP potentiate ER movement through the Pd? - In the presence of MP, is there communication between adjacent cells via ER lumen? -Does MP potentiate the movement of cytoskeletal elements cell to cell? -Is MP required for cell-to-cell movement of ER membranes between cells in sink tissue? -Is the binding in situ of MP to RNA specific to vRNA sequences or is it nonspecific as measured in vitro? And if specific: -What sequences of RNA are involved in binding to MP? And finally, what host proteins are associated with MP during intracellular targeting to various subcellular targets and what if any post-translational modifications occur to MP, other than phosphorylation (Kawakami et al., 1999)? Major conclusions, solutions and achievements. A new quantitative tool was developed to measure the "coefficient of conductivity" of Pd to cytoplasmic soluble proteins. Employing this tool, we measured changes in Pd conductivity in epidermal cells of sink and source leaves of wild-type and transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana) plants expressing MPᵀᴹⱽ incubated both in dark and light and at 16 and 25 ᵒC (Liarzi and Epel, 2005 (appendix 1). To test our model we measured the effect of the presence of MP on cell-to-cell spread of a cytoplasmic fluorescent probe, of two ER intrinsic membrane protein-probes and two ER lumen protein-probes fused to GFP. The effect of a mutant virus that is incapable of cell-to-cell spread on the spread of these probes was also determined. Our data shows that MP reduces SEL for cytoplasmic molecules, dilates the desmotubule allowing cell-cell diffusion of proteins via the desmotubule lumen and reduces the rate of spread of the ER membrane probes. Replicase was shown to enhance cell-cell spread. The data are not in support of the proposed model and have led us to propose a new model for virus cell-cell spread: this model proposes that MP, an integral ER membrane protein, forms a MP:vRNAER complex and that this ER-membrane complex diffuses in the lipid milieu of the ER into the desmotubule (the ER within the Pd), and spreads cell to cell by simple diffusion in the ER/desmotubule membrane; the driving force for spread is the chemical potential gradient between an infected cell and contingent non-infected neighbors. Our data also suggests that the virus replicase has a function in altering the Pd conductivity. Transgenic plant lines that express the MP gene of the Cg tobamovirus fused to YFP under the control the ecdysone receptor and methoxyfenocide ligand were generated by the Beachy group and the expression pattern and the timing and targeting patterns were determined. A vector expressing this MPs was also developed for use by the Epel lab . The transgenic lines are being used to identify and isolate host genes that are required for cell-to-cell movement of TMV/tobamoviruses. This line is now being grown and to be employed in proteomic studies which will commence November 2005. T-DNA insertion mutagenesis is being developed to identify and isolate host genes required for cell-to-cell movement of TMV.
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Wang, Yong-Yi. PR-350-164501-WEB Guidance for Assessing Buried Pipelines after a Ground Movement Event. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011601.
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Date: June 13, 2019 Presenter: Yong-Yi Wang, Center for Reliable Energy Systems Project Team Leader: Michael Cook, ExxonMobil Program Manager: Thomas Marlow, PRCI Dr. Yong-Yi Wang, founder and president of Center for Reliable Energy Systems (CRES) presents his research results related to a PRCI project for assessing buried pipelines after a ground movement event. The research conducted by Dr. Wang set out to improve pipeline design to better accommodate significant localized ground movement such as that caused by landslides, earthquakes, or subsidence/settlement. When such a ground movement event occurs along the right-of-way (ROW) of a buried pipeline, it is imperative that the pipeline operator determine whether the ground movement is a threat to pipeline integrity in order to protect those responding to the event, those living near the affected ROW, and the environment. This webinar will discuss the research findings and provide guidance to pipeline operators responding to a ground movement event. Expected Benefits/Learning Outcomes from attending this webinar: - Understanding factors that must be considered in response to a confirmed ground movement event, - Being able to make critical decisions immediately after an event, such as continued service at full pressure, pressure reduction, or shutdown, and - Ability to make use of the structured response plans with systematic considerations of an operator's objectives, tolerance to risks, site-specific soil and pipeline conditions, and availability of information with known time constraints. Who Should Attend? - Pipeline design engineers - Pipeline integrity engineers, managers, specialists - Operations personnel Recommended pre-reading: PR-350-164501-R01 Guidance for Assessing Buried Pipelines After a Ground Movement Event Access to the Webinar is provided after registering via the related link.