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Journal articles on the topic 'Protestant Lutheran Church'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 July 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Pintor, Marihot Sitanggang, Limbong Sukanto, Saragih Simarmata Mery, et al. "Epitome and Solid Declaration in Formula Concord of Lutheran Church and the Existence in Hkbp Confession of Faith." Sarcouncil Journal of Arts and Literature 02, no. 06 (2023): 14–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10439495.

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After the death of Martin Luther (1546), the debates and doctrinal disputes developed among the followers of Luther. On the one side there are those who claim to be genuine Luther followers and on the other side there are groups who want to develop the unity of the Protestants. In 1580 the Formula Concord was published to answer and mediate disputes between Luther's followers. The Formula Concord has two parts: the Summary (Epitome) which is a brief summary of the articles debated by the theologians supporting the Augsburg Confession proposed and adopted Christianly; The Solid Declaration is a

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2

Lindberg, Carter. "Historical Scholarship and Ecumenical Dialogue." Horizons 44, no. 2 (2017): 420–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hor.2017.120.

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I am honored to participate in this theological roundtable on the five-hundredth anniversary of the Protestant Reformation. I do so as a lay Lutheran church historian. In spite of the editors’ “prompts,” the topic reminds me of that apocryphal final exam question: “Give a history of the universe with a couple of examples.” “What do we think are the possibilities for individual and ecclesial ecumenism between Protestants and Catholics? What are the possibilities for common prayer, shared worship, preaching the gospel, church union, and dialogue with those who are religiously unaffiliated? Why s

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3

Hage, Jan, and Marcel Barnard. "Muziek als missie: Over Willem Mudde en zijn betekenis voor de kerkmuziek." NTT Journal for Theology and the Study of Religion 66, no. 4 (2012): 283–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/ntt2012.66.283.hage.

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Under the influence of Calvinism, the musical situation in the Protestant churches in the Netherlands was for a long time marked by sobriety, with attention focused on congregational singing. In the 20th century, church music gained importance through a dominant flow of Lutheran influence. Generally, the liturgical movement highlighted the role of music in worship. The Lutheran church musician Willem Mudde successfully called attention to the German church music reform movement. Inspired by the writings of the German theologian Oskar Söhngen, he strived to apply the ideals and practices of thi

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4

MORTIMER, SARAH. "COUNSELS OF PERFECTION AND REFORMATION POLITICAL THOUGHT." Historical Journal 62, no. 2 (2018): 311–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x18000225.

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AbstractThe debate over counsels of perfection was a crucial aspect of the formation of political and ethical thought in the sixteenth century. It led both Protestants and Catholics to consider the status of law and to consider how far it obliged human beings, rather than simply permitting particular actions. From Luther onwards, Protestants came to see God's standards for human beings in absolute terms, rejecting any suggestion that there were good works which were merely counselled rather than commanded, and therefore not obligatory. This view of ethics underpinned the Protestant theological

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Brown, Christopher Boyd. "Art and the Artist in the Lutheran Reformation: Johannes Mathesius and Joachimsthal." Church History 86, no. 4 (2017): 1081–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640717002062.

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Luther's student Johann Mathesius, longtime pastor in the Bohemian mining town of Joachimsthal, provides a lens for seeing early modern art and artists through Lutheran eyes, challenging modern interpretations of the dire consequences of the Reformation for the visual arts.1For Mathesius, pre-Reformation art provided not only evidence of old idolatry but also testimony to the preservation of Evangelical faith under the papacy. After the Reformation, Joachimsthal's Lutherans were active in commissioning new works of art to fill the first newly built Protestant church, including an altarpiece fr

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Cristian, Vlad Bogdan. "Modern Religious Movements on Romanian Territory Can Evangelical Cults in Romania Historically be Seen as NeoProtestant?" Acta Marisiensis. Seria Historia 4, no. 1 (2022): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amsh-2022-0019.

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Abstract In order to define the new religious movements on Romanian territory beginning in the 19th century, the following terms need to be explained: sect Church, Evangelical Church, and Neo-Protestant Church. First, the term ‘sect’ has negative connotations, and it is being used more and more seldom after the Communist era. Second, the term ‘Evangelical’ is currently more accepted even by historians (such as Dorin Dobrincu) but it still can be confusing because it refers to German Lutherans. Finally, the term ‘Neo-Protestant’ is problematic because it can lead to confusion about modern Luthe

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7

Witte, John. "From Gospel to Law: The Lutheran Reformation and Its Impact on Legal Culture." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 19, no. 3 (2017): 271–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x17000461.

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The Lutheran Reformation transformed not only theology and the Church but also law and the State. Despite his early rebuke of law in favour of the gospel, Martin Luther eventually joined up with various jurists and political leaders to craft ambitious legal reforms of Church, State and society on the strength of his new theology, particularly his new two-kingdoms theory. These legal reforms were defined and defended in hundreds of monographs, pamphlets and sermons published by Lutheran writers from the 1520s onwards. They were refined and routinised in equally large numbers of new Reformation

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8

Gultom, Yohansen Wyckliffe. "Kontribusi Denominasi Lutheran Dalam Membentuk Pendidikan Finlandia Dan Pemikirannya Bagi Pendidikan Kristen." JURNAL DIAKONIA 3, no. 2 (2023): 112–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.55199/jd.v3i2.72.

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This study describes the historical and theological influence of Martin Luther's Protestant reform movement on education in Finland. The Church's role in congregational catechisation, starting with education for priests and developing later for the congregation, had implications for the congregation's desire to learn new things. The thinking of Martin Luther and Philipp Melanchton also impacted on the ongoing reformation movement to think about congregational education. As a result, educational facilities ranging from schools, libraries and educational methods were thought of by reformers afte

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WITMER, OLGA. "Between Compliance and Resistance: Lutherans and the Dutch Reformed Church at the Cape of Good Hope, 1652–1820." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 73, no. 2 (2022): 326–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046921002190.

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The Reformed Church was the official denomination at the Dutch Cape of Good Hope. Lutheran immigrants constituted the second largest Protestant group, and received recognition in 1780. This article argues that Cape Lutherans had an ambiguous relationship with their Church. They oscillated between the two denominations, guided by personal preferences, but also due to restrictions imposed on Lutherans by the Reformed authorities. The prolonged inability to secure recognition prompted the Cape Lutherans to seek support among coreligionists in the German lands, India and elsewhere in the Dutch Emp

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10

Blikstad, Emmaline. "Identity, Belonging, and Christian Community in Protestant Responses to the Aryan Paragraph in Nazi Germany." Florida Undergraduate Research Journal 2, no. 1 (2023): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.55880/furj2.1.06.

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Examining Christianity and its representative denominations and groups in Nazi Germany has led scholars to try to construct how these Christian groups interacted with a government which institutionalized the death of millions. The focus of past scholarship has centered on debates over the extent to which institutional Protestant Christianity and individual Protestants opposed Adolf Hitler’s regime and Nazism. The focus of this thesis examines how four Protestants or Protestant groups employed definitions of what made one a Jewish Christian, what being Jewish meant, and who was included within

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11

Baku, Eszter, Erzsébet Urbán, and Zorán Vukoszávlyev. "Protestant Space-Continuity." Actas de Arquitectura Religiosa Contemporánea 5 (July 25, 2018): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/aarc.2017.5.0.5146.

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Intensive efforts started in the last decades to get to know the Central and Eastern European and the Hungarian church architecture. In this historically depressed period (1920/1945/1989), church buildings were important identity forming potencies in the life of the Protestant communities newly emerged by the rearrangement of country's borders. The modern architectural principles, the structural and liturgical questions gave opportunity for continuous experimentations in the examined period, which resulted a centralizing tendency between the two world wars. Analysing the Protestant space organ

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12

Murthy, Jayabalan. "Christianity and Its Impact on the Lives of Kallars in Tamil Nadu Who Embraced the Faith, in Comparison to Those Who Did Not: Special Reference to Kallar Tamil Lutheran Christians in Tamil Nadu." Religions 14, no. 5 (2023): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14050582.

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The German and Swedish Lutheran Mission was a major and pioneering Protestant mission society that started its mission work in Tamil Nadu. The Halle Danish, Leipzig mission, and Church of Sweden mission societies had a larger mission field in Tamil Nadu. Tamil Evangelical Lutheran Christians are intimately associated with the German Lutheran Mission and Swedish Mission. The first German Lutheran missionaries, Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg and Heinrich Plütschau, came to India in 1706. From then on, many Lutheran missionaries came to Tamil Nadu. Afterwards Tamil Nadu became a thriving Christian cente

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13

Leaver, Robin A. "Brahms's Opus 45 and German Protestant Funeral Music." Journal of Musicology 19, no. 4 (2002): 616–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2002.19.4.616.

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Brahms's German Requiem stands at the end of a long line of Lutheran funerary music. Luther reworked funeral responsories into a new, totally Biblical form, and later Lutherans collected anthologies of Biblical texts on death and dying. Such sources were used by later composers, including Schüütz and Bach, to compose funeral pieces on Biblical texts together with appropriate chorales. Brahms's opus 45 is similar in that its text is made up of Biblical verses assembled by the composer, and connections may be drawn between chorale usage in this work and the composer's Protestant upbringing in Ha

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14

Root, Michael. "Ecumenism in a Time of Transition." Horizons 44, no. 2 (2017): 409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hor.2017.118.

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To assess the present state and future possibilities of personal and ecclesial ecumenism between Protestant and Catholic Christians is a difficult task. On the one hand, the diversity among Protestants is so great few generalities hold for all of them. The challenges involved in Catholic relations with the Church of England are quite different than those involved in relations with the Southern Baptist Convention, and different in yet other ways from those involved in relations with a Pentecostal church in South Africa. In a broad sense, one can think of a spectrum of Protestant churches, some

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15

Dreyer, Rasmus H. C. "Konkordiebog og Kirkeordinans." Dansk Teologisk Tidsskrift 86, no. 2 (2023): 158–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/dtt.v86i2.140683.

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The Book of Concord (1580) is the normative collection of confessions in the worldwide Lutheran Church. The present Danish Lutheran Church is an exception due to Danish King Frederik II’s rejection of the Book of Concord in 1580. This article reviews the historical background for the Book of Concord and especially the history and theology of the Formula Concord. It pays special attention to the use of Luther and Confessio Augustana (Invariata) as theological authorities in Formula Concord. In Denmark, Philippist theology was the predominant way of thinking theology in the late 16th century, ye

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16

Hofmann, Andrea. "„Sie ist mir lieb, die werte Magd.“ Das Bild der Kirche in lutherischen Liedern des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts." Artes 2, no. 2 (2023): 234–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/27727629-20230010.

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Abstract Using the song “Sie ist mir lieb, die werte Magd” by Martin Luther (1535) and psalm songs from the hymnal of the Leipzig pastor Cornelius Becker (1602) as examples, this article asks about the image of the ‘church’ in Lutheran songs of the Reformation and the Confessional Age and how this image in particular developed in the 16th and 17th centuries. What Luther and Becker have in common is that their songs aimed to create a sense of belonging and an awareness of one’s own identity within the singing Protestant community. Church songs, whose themes could also be about the church, thus

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Hiebsch, Sabine. "Dutch Lutheran Women on the Pulpit." Church History and Religious Culture 103, no. 3-4 (2023): 259–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18712428-10303014.

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Abstract In the course of the Twentieth century, the roles for women in Protestant churches in Europe expanded to include the possibility of participating in the church office of minister. For the Evangelical-Lutheran Church in the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the year 2022 marked the centenary of women in the ordained ministry. On June 12, 1922, the Lutheran synod decided that, according to the existing regulations, women could also be admitted as candidates for the ministry. In 1929 Jantine Auguste Haumersen (1881–1967) became the first female Lutheran minister in the Netherlands and worldwid

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18

Kroesen, Justin E. A. "Tussen Bugenhagen en Borromaeus: De paradox van de conserverende Reformatie." NTT Journal for Theology and the Study of Religion 59, no. 2 (2005): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/ntt2005.59.089.kroe.

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The aim of this article is to provide a survey of the vicissitudes of medieval church furnishings in Western Europe. Most furnishings have been conserved in the Protestant countries of northern Europe. The richest are Lutheran churches, followed by Anglican ones. Even in Calvinist churches, here and there medieval pieces may be encountered. The wealth of such furnishings in Protestant churches contrasts with their relative scarcity in Roman Catholic ones, from which most medieval furniture has been replaced over the centuries. This is the contrast between the conservative Lutheran Bugenhagen a

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Sokół, Teresa. "Protestanci w regionie kaliskim w XVI-XVIII wieku i ich budownictwo kościelne. Zarys problematyki." Zeszyty Kaliskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk 21 (December 31, 2021): 194–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/26578646zknt.21.009.17593.

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Protestants in the Region of Kalisz from 16th to 18th Century and Their Sacral Architecture: an Outline The aim of this study is to offer a brief outline of protestant sacral architecture in the region of Kalisz, comprised of historic counties of Kalisz, Pyzdry and Konin from the 16th to 18th Century. Author tries to trace foundations of new parish churches for the United Brotherhood and lutheran communities. The general research question posed in this study targets different typologies of protestant church architecture in the region, including analysis of architecture and arrangements of inte

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20

Hope, Nicholas. "The View from the Province. A Dilemma for Protestants in Germany, 1648–1918." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 41, no. 4 (1990): 606–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900075746.

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Uber dem Berg gibst auch Leute. This ultramontane remark made in 1742 by Christoph Matthäus Pfaff, professor of theology and chancellor of Tübingen University between 1720 and 1756, was intended to shake students out of their cosy, provincial and exclusive Lutheran theology. It was time, so Pfaff argued, they opened windows, put aside their arrogant hair-splitting about correct Lutheran doctrine, and looked at the wider Protestant world beyond Württemberg. Knowledge of the sources of the Christian Church, and of the customs and legal shape of Protestantism in Germany as it had developed since

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Dierken, Jörg. "Konfessionsbündische Unübersichtlichkeit oder unevangelische Zentralisierung?" Zeitschrift für Evangelische Ethik 47, no. 1 (2003): 136–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14315/zee-2003-0117.

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AbstractIn the current debate of possible ways to reform the structure and organisation of the protestant church in Germany (Landeskirchen, Konfessionsbünde, EDK) the general question has come up, whether concepts of the Lutheran church, which are founded on ecclesiology or protestant ecclesiastical law, in principle prohibit institutional changes or not. Regarding this problem, the essay discusses the institution of the Protestant church in aspects of theology and ecclesiasticallaw. The CA assumes that religious belief constitutes the church and gives structure to it as a means for spiritual

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López, Martín Ismael. "Lutero y la herejía en el teatro aurisecular español." Tonos Digital 39 (January 1, 2020): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14790201.

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The archetypal composition of the character of Martin Luther and the recurrence in the introduction of religious doctrine in five plays of the Spanish Golden Age are analyzed: the Farsa militar, by Diego Sánchez de Badajoz; Las cortes de la Muerte, by Luis Hurtado de Toledo; Las cortes de la Muerte, attributed to Lope de Vega; El triunfo de la Iglesia, by Lope, and La protestación de la fe, by Calderón de la Barca. On the one hand, we study the link between the Augustinian monk and the devil and with other forces related to everything that the Catholic Church considered ne

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Fernando, Leonard. "From Condemnation and Rejection to Appreciation and Acceptance." Jnanadeepa: Pune Journal of Religious Studies July-Dec 2017, no. 21/2 (2017): 53–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4165088.

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His deep religious experience led Martin Luther to speak against the abuses in the medieval church, especially the selling of indulgences. But the officials of the Catholic Church who had earlier rejected other reformers condemned him also. His excommunication and the support of princes and people led to the growth of Reformation and division in the Western Church. The Catholic Church  condemned Lutherans and rejected the changes they brought about. The enmity continued also in the mission lands where Lutherans and Catholics worked. But in the twentieth century began the process of unders

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Pandiangan, Tumpal. "NATURAL THEOLOGY AND A PRIORI KNOWLEDGE OF GOD: A Lutheran Perspective on Gifford, Swinburne, and McGrath." MAHABBAH: Journal of Religion and Education 5, no. 1 (2024): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.47135/mahabbah.v5i1.101.

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As the father of the Protestant Church reformer, Luther has made limitations on natural theology. He has criticized natural theology, even at first he rejected natural theology. However, today we see that natural theology has been constructed by several Protestant Christian theologians, among others: Gifford, Swinburne and Alister MacGrath. The problem is whether natural theology is in accordance with the doctrine or teachings of the Protestant Christian Church? The author's purpose is to find out whether the teachings of natural theology are in accordance with the doctrine of the Protestant C

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Strom, Jonathan. "How the Priesthood of All Believers Became American." Lutheran Quarterly 37, no. 4 (2023): 424–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lut.2023.a911860.

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Abstract: This article examines how the common priesthood or priesthood of all believers emerged from a narrow German Lutheran context and became “Americanized” in the nineteenth century. References to the common priesthood in any of its variations were seldom in early America, and the article traces how Americans in the mid-nineteenth century, especially the church historian Philip Schaff, drew on new understandings of the common priesthood in nineteenth-century Germany propagated by August Neander, among others, and applied it to the American republican context. By the end of the nineteenth

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Wipfler, Esther Pia. "Luther im Stummfilm: Zum Wandel protestantischer Mentalität im Spiegel der Filmgeschichte bis 1930." Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte - Archive for Reformation History 98, no. 1 (2007): 167–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14315/arg-2007-0108.

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ABSTRACTThe “Luther film” is still a little-examined source for the Protestant self-image, despite the fact that the medium was employed since 1911 to portray the history of the Reformation. Of the four known silent films on the subject, two are preserved only as copies of a late censored version. There is a clearly recognizable paradigm shift in the portrayal of the reformer over the twenty-year span of these Luther films. Luther is transformed from the romantic aesthete of the “Wittenberger Nachtigall” in 1913 to the hero of the “deutschen Reformation” in 1927. Concerning the earliest films,

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Gregersen, Niels Henrik. "Protestantisme med kød og blod." Dansk Teologisk Tidsskrift 73, no. 4 (2010): 253–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/dtt.v73i4.106440.

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In this article, “Protestantism with blood and flesh”, it is argued that a Lutheran theology cannot and should not be reduced to general Protestant principles. Luther’s theology emerged as a result of renewed attentiveness to the basic expressions of the gospel: the audible word of God, the visible sacraments, the bodily aspects of communal life, and the evangelical signs of creation. The so-called Protestant Principles, at their best, are to be regarded as second-order and summarizing expressions of the primary life-utterances of the church, and of the corresponding experiences in ordinary li

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Kónya, Annamária. "The Coexistence of Protestant Confessions – Alliances, Unions as an Existential Strategy." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Theologia Reformata Transylvanica 69, no. 1 (2024): 191–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbtref.69.1.11.

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It is generally known that during the Reformation, there was no good relationship between the Protestant denominations, and rather discord and intolerance characterized the relationship between the Lutheran and Calvinist churches in particular. The same applied to the rejectionist and sometimes-persecutory attitude of the two leading Protestant doctrines towards radical tendencies. This was manifested on several levels and for different reasons. First and foremost, it was caused by theological differences, i.e. each Reformation doctrine was convinced of the sole truth of its own doctrine. Thes

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DIXON, C. SCOTT. "Faith and History on the Eve of Enlightenment: Ernst Salomon Cyprian, Gottfried Arnold, and the History of Heretics." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 57, no. 1 (2006): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046905006159.

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When it first appeared in Germany, Gottfried Arnold's History of heretics (1699) was a publishing sensation, immediately causing a stir due to its radical reinterpretation of the Christian past. Numerous scholars wrote against it, but the most determined was the Orthodox Lutheran Ernst Salomon Cyprian, who considered the central thesis of the work – that the history of the Christian Church was a history of decline – a deliberate attack on the principles of Lutheran belief. In Cyprian's view, Arnold's reading of the past was shaped by a cast of personal faith which not only rewrote the Protesta

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LUKÁCS, Olga. "Az Erdélyi Református Egyházkerület álláspontja az 1850-es évek Pátens-harca idején." Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Theologia Reformata Transylvanica 70, no. 1 (2025): 212–29. https://doi.org/10.24193/subbtref.70.1.12.

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Contributions to the History of the Forced State Church in the 1850s. Through a decree issued in 1849 and subsequently in the early 1850s, Haynau prohibited ecclesiastical assemblies throughout the territory of Hungary, thereby rendering church administration – founded on collegial governance – and the internal structure of the Protestant churches unworkable. With these decrees, he clearly anticipated a form of coerced state church system, which had been the deliberate direction of counter-revolutionary absolutism’s anti-Protestant ecclesiastical policy from the outset. Minister Leo Thun sough

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Lukšaitė, Ingė. "Protestant German books in Protestant libraries of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 16th-17th centuries." Knygotyra 30, no. 23 (2024): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/knygotyra.1996.1.

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Files and lists of the following 16th-17th c. libraries are analyzed: the library of King Žygimantas Augustas (part of the library reconstructed by A. Kawecka-Gryczowa - 960 titles), nobleman Salomon Rysiński (birth date unknown - 1625) in Vilnius (about 1000 titles), collections in 1674 given as a present to Slutsk boarding-school (74 books), Kėdainiai estate library of the mid-17th c. (183 titles), and the Vilnius Lutheran church library of the 16th-17th c. (185 titles). Identification of books indicated on the list of the Kėdainiai estate library made it possible to determine that this libr

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Westmeier, Karl-Wilhelm. "Zinzendorf at Esopus: The Apocalyptical Missiology of Count Nicolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf—A Debut to America." Missiology: An International Review 22, no. 4 (1994): 419–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009182969402200401.

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The arrival of the Protestant immigrants on Count Nicolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf's Saxony estate in 1722 must be understood as one of the most significant events in the history of Protestant missions. Heirs of an ancient Czech church which dated back to pre-Reformation times, they attracted Zinzendorf's attention to such an extent that he blended his own Lutheran-Pietist understanding of Christianity with the convictions of the immigrants and became one of the greatest pioneers of Protestant world missions. His missions outreach to the Native North Americans (Shekomeko 1740) supplied him with

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Kirk, James. "The ‘Privy Kirks’ and their Antecedents: The Hidden Face of Scottish Protestantism." Studies in Church History 23 (1986): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400010597.

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The history of Scottish protestantism as a clandestine, underground movement can be traced, albeit unevenly, over three decades from parliament’s early ban on Lutheran literature in 1525 to the protestant victory of 1560 when, in disregard of the wishes of its absent queen then resident in France, parliament finally proscribed the Latin mass and the whole apparatus of papal jurisdiction in Scotland and adopted instead a protestant Confession of Faith. Out of a loosely-defined body of beliefs in the 1530s, ranging from a profound dissatisfaction at ecclesiastical abuse (shared by those who rema

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Kotliarov, Petro, and Vyacheslav Vyacheslav. "Visualizing Narrative: Lutheran Theology in the Engravings of Lucas Cranach." Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History, no. 2 (45) (December 25, 2021): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.2(45).2021.247097.

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The early stage of the Reformation in Germany was marked by an iconoclastic movement inspired by radical reformers. In the scientific literature, iconoclasm is often interpreted as a phenomenon that became a catastrophe for German art, as it halted its renaissance progress. The purpose of the article is to prove that the Lutheran Reformation did not become an event that stopped the development of German art, but, on the contrary, gave a new impetus to its development, especially the art of engraving. Throughout the history of Christianity, there have been discussions about what church art shou

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Von Sinner, Rudolf, and Henrique Luiz Arnold. "COVID-19: tentação e responsabilidade | COVID-19: temptation and responsibility." Caderno Teológico da PUCPR 5, no. 2 (2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/2318-8065.05.02.p10-23.

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Com base em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, este ensaio reflete sobre a importância de uma postura, reflexão e ação responsáveis da igreja luterana em meio à pandemia do COVID-19, diante de posturas religiosas que, irresponsavelmente, negam a seriedade da situação e descartam resultados de pesquisas científicas e as recomendações de comportamento delas decorrentes. Recorrendo a Viktor Frankl e Martin Lutero, discorre sobre a tentação de Deus implicada nestas posturas, já presentes na época da Reforma protestante, e defende, com Dietrich Bonhoeffer, que o lugar da igreja é no centro da rea

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Garratt, James. "Prophets Looking Backwards: German Romantic Historicism and the Representation of Renaissance Music." Journal of the Royal Musical Association 125, no. 2 (2000): 164–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrma/125.2.164.

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AbstractCrucial to understanding the reception of Renaissance music in nineteenth-century Germany is an appreciation of the contradictory components of Romantic historicism. The tension between subjective and objective historicism is fundamental to the historiographical reception of Renaissance music, epitomizing the interdependency of historical representation and modern reform. Protestant authors seeking to reform church music elevated two distinct repertories — Renaissance Italian music and Lutheran compositions from the Reformation era — as ideal archetypes: these competing paradigms refle

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Fischl, Vilmos. "The Role of Churches in Hungary in Providing Pastoral Care and Humanitarian Help for Migrants." Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science 17, no. 2 (2018): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2018.2.2.

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The author is a Lutheran pastor with a Master’s Degree in International Relations. He is a Doctor of Military Science (PhD) and a senior staff member at the National University of Public Service, also holding the position of General Secretary of the Ecumenical Council of Churches in Hungary. The publication tackles the problem of how Protestant Churches have been involved in the migratory processes. The aim of this paper is to explore the core function of the humanitarian service provided by Protestant Churches and the Catholic Church in Hungary, with special regard to the ethnic and religious

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Berger, Markus. "Finding Common Ground: Halle Pastors in North America and Their Shifting Stance Towards a Transnational Mission to Native Americans, 1742–1807." Journal of Early Modern History 26, no. 1-2 (2022): 79–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-bja10008.

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Abstract While Heinrich Melchior Mühlenberg and his pastor colleagues from Halle have gone down in history for their pioneering work – organizing the Lutheran Church on North American soil – they are not known for missionary projects to Native Americans. This article examines how things changed after a second generation of Halle pastors arrived in Pennsylvania in the 1760s. It was, above all, down to Mühlenberg’s later son-in-law Johann Christoph Kunze, who had a rather different view on America’s indigenous people. During his whole lifespan in America, Kunze pursued his goal of establishing a

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Kroesen, Justin. "The Survival of Medieval Furnishings in Lutheran Churches. Notes towards a Comparison between Germany and Scandinavia." ICO Iconographisk Post. Nordisk tidskrift för bildtolkning – Nordic Review of Iconography, no. 3-4 (May 14, 2019): 4–39. https://doi.org/10.69945/ico.vi3-4.25636.

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Perhaps paradoxically, of all medieval churches in Europe, those that became Lutheran during the sixteenth-century Protestant Reformation possess the greatest wealth of medieval interior elements. Compared to Puritan Britain and the Calvinist Low Countries, Lutheran churches were not as thoroughly stripped of their medieval furnishings, while on the other hand Baroque renewals were much less far-reaching here than in Catholic regions. Although Lutheranism in general exerted a preserving effect on medieval church interiors, there are important differences between regions, both within Germany an

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Graf, Friedrich Wilhelm. "Theodosius Harnack in Italien. Eine Romreise 1871." Journal for the History of Modern Theology / Zeitschrift für Neuere Theologiegeschichte 31, no. 2 (2024): 274–88. https://doi.org/10.1515/znth-2024-0019.

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Abstract Theodosius Harnack, a practical theologian who taught in Dorpat and Erlangen, was born in St. Petersburg. Strongly influenced by the Moravian Brethren and the Catholic revivalist movement in his youth, as a professor of theology in Dorpat he became a leading representative of a confessionalist renewal of the German-speaking Lutheran Church in the Russian Empire. Dorpat was the only Protestant theological faculty in Russia and was held in high esteem by Lutherans in the German Empire. In 1871, Theodosius Harnack, who had already travelled to Italy after completing his studies, travelle

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Pidhorbunskyi, Mykola. "The Spread of Lutherance in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Its Influence on the Education Development and Music Culture." Bulletin of Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts. Series in Musical Art 4, no. 2 (2021): 248–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31866/2616-7581.4.2.2021.245808.

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The purpose of the article is to determine the influence of Lutheranism on education and musical culture in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The research methodology includes cultural and historical analysis, which made it possible to analyze and investigate the influence of Lutheranism on musical culture in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Source studies and music-theoretical methods were used during the search and analysis of church-singing collections. The biographical method of research was used to systematize information about the life and work of theologians, composers and theorists. The scien

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Pidhorbunskyi, Mykola. "The Spread of Lutherance in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Its Influence on the Education Development and Music Culture." Bulletin of Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts. Series in Musical Art 4, no. 2 (2021): 248–61. https://doi.org/10.31866/2616-7581.4.2.2021.245808.

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The purpose of the article is to determine the influence of Lutheranism on education and musical culture in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The research methodology includes cultural and historical analysis, which made it possible to analyze and investigate the influence of Lutheranism on musical culture in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Source studies and music-theoretical methods were used during the search and analysis of church-singing collections. The biographical method of research was used to systematize information about the life and work of theologians, composers and theor

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Herbst, Michael. "Missiological Perspectives from Germany." Ecclesial Futures 1, no. 1 (2020): 69–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.54195/ef12053.

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This article argues for innovation and mission in the Lutheran Churches of Germany. The authors approach this topic by drawing on research on innovative and missional projects in rural areas in Germany. The authors are looking at rural areas where few people would expect innovation. Presenting a study called “Landwards” and the evaluation of exemplary projects in rural areas in Eastern Germany, it is possible to review key factors for innovative and missional church development. One of the most intriguing factors is that, compared to international studies on missional church development (like

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Fink, David C. "Was There a “Reformation Doctrine of Justification”?" Harvard Theological Review 103, no. 2 (2010): 205–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816010000556.

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In this essay I take up cudgels against a central construct in the confessional historiography of the Protestant Reformation: The notion that there existed a clear, well-defined doctrine of justification shared by all the major reformers from the earliest stages of the conflagration and that this “Reformation doctrine of justification” served as the “material principle” in the formation of the emerging Protestant self-identity.1 In contrast with this traditional view, I argue that the first-generation reformers, galvanized by Luther's protest against the indulgence trade, adopted a common “rhe

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Dąbal, Joanna, Radosław Kubus, and Tadeusz Widerski. "The Lutheran parish church in Żuławki: the forgotten heritage of Żuławy Wiślane, Northeast Poland." Church Archaeology 22 (January 2022): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/churcharch.2022.22.117.

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The survey and archaeological fieldwork conducted in Żuławki, a small village near Gdańsk, outlined in this short article, represent the first academic investigation into the remains of a Protestant church and cemetery in Northern Poland. Before the University of Gdańsk and Gdańsk University of Technology conducted their formal research of this site, the specific history of the church and its sacral complex was not widely known or understood. Archive research provided new information, contextualizing the site within the complicated history of Lutherans and Mennonites in this region, and the su

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MacCulloch, Diarmaid. "The Birth of Anglicanism." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 7, no. 35 (2004): 418–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x00005603.

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The paper surveys the English Reformation in the wider European context to demonstrate that the concept of ‘Anglicanism’ is hardly appropriate for the post-Reformation English Church in the sixteenth century: it was emphatically Protestant, linked to Reformed rather than Lutheran Protestantism. Henry VIII created a hybrid of a Church after breaking with Rome, but that was not unique in northern Europe. There were widespread attempts to find a ‘middle way’, the model being Cologne under Archbishop Hermann von Wied. Wied's efforts failed, but left admirers like Albert Hardenberg and Jan Laski, a

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Grosshans, Hans-Peter. "Protestantism and the Social Responsibility of the State." Distinctio 3, no. 2 (2025): 53–71. https://doi.org/10.56550/d.3.2.2.

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The article analyses the religious basis of the different attitudes towards the modern welfare state and state social assistance systems in countries that have been influenced by different Christian denominations, especially Catholic, Lutheran and Reformed (Calvinist, Presbyterian) Christianity. The article looks at early forms of poor relief in Lutheran cities at the beginning of the Reformation and their theological basis in Martin Luther’s writings. The article then looks at the different ways in which social assistance to the poor was organised in areas under Reformed influence and in Cath

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Thaarup, Jørgen. "Grundtvig and John Wesley – A Study of Convergence in Their Theologies." Grundtvig-Studier 70 (December 31, 2019): 47–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/grs.v70i0.121900.

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John Wesley (1703-1791) and Nicolai Frederik Severin Grundtvig (1783-1872)were two very influential theologians, Wesley in eighteenth-century AnglicanEngland and Grundtvig in nineteenth-century Lutheran Denmark.1 They becamereformers of the Protestant concept of Christian thinking within their respectivecontexts of church and society. Wesley’s theological ideas and ecclesiasticalinitiatives have spread internationally, forming and influencing new churches,schools, hospitals, and universities in many countries. Grundtvig’s ideas haveinspired theological and pedagogical understanding not only in

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Nogueira, Sandra Vidal. "A tradiçao luterana e comunitária nas escolas da IECLB: Aproximações com os ideais de democratização da educação." REFLEXUS - Revista Semestral de Teologia e Ciências das Religiões 10, no. 15 (2016): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20890/reflexus.v10i15.356.

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O texto aborda a tradição luterana e comunitária nas escolas da Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil (IECLB), destacando a Reforma Protestante para os ideais de democratização da educação. Parte-se do pressuposto que essas comunidades, cuja membresia é, por razões histórias, delineada a partir da etnia, têm contribuído sobremaneira para o incremento da educação, principalmente no Sul do Brasil. Entendida num sentido mais amplo, o conceito de educação que subjaz ao ideário luterano possibilita o domínio e a compreensão da “palavra” e a sua prática cria condições para “o livre liber

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Grane, Leif. "Grundtvigs forhold til Luther og den lutherske tradition." Grundtvig-Studier 49, no. 1 (1998): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/grs.v49i1.16265.

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Grundtvig's Relations with Luther and the Lutheran TraditionBy Leif GraneGrundtvig’s relations with Luther and the Lutheran tradition are essential in nearly the whole of Grundtvig’s lifetime. The key position that he attributed to Luther in connection with his religious crisis 1810-11, remained with the Reformer until the very last, though there were changes on the way in his evaluation of the Reformation.The source material is overwhelming. It comprises all Grundtvig’s historical and church historical works, but also a large number of his theological writings, besides a number of his poems a

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