Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Prothèse aortique'
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Girerd, Nicolas. "Impact de la sévérité de la sténose aortique et de son interaction avec la disproportion patient-prothèse sur la mortalité opératoire suivant le remplacement valvulaire aortique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26870/26870.pdf.
Full textBa, Maguette. "Reconstruction valvulaire aortique : Mise au point d’une prothèse en péricarde autologue prétraitée par un hydrogel de polysaccharide." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA132055/document.
Full textObjective: Ideal prosthetic heart valve is not available. The use of the patient own pericardium for construction heart valve prosthesis is an interesting alternative and has several potential advantages. The aim of our study is to set up a new method for pericardium preparation with polysaccharide hydrogel and standardize the valve treatment processing and implantation.Méthods: Eighteen sheep underwent aortic valve replacement with autologous pericardium valve traited with polymeric gel or glutaraldéhyde using cardio-pulmonary bypass. The pericardial prosthesis was implanted with a proximal running 5/0 Prolène sutures placed along the aortic annulus and utilization of specially designed instruments. Survival sheep were euthanized after 12 months for histologic evaluation of the pericardial valvular implant.Results: Cardiopulmonary bypass and cross-clamp mean time was 136.17 +/- 27.46 mn and 85.61 +/- 12.21mn respectively. The prosthesis mean time construction was 15.68 +/- 4.84 mn. The mean transvalvular gradient after implantation was 4,1mmHg. The autologous pericardial valves treated with glutaraldehyde tended to show more extensive calcification than pericardial valves treated with polymeric gel.Conclusion: Truly stenless aortic valve replacement using autologous pericardium is feasible with cross clamping time acceptable and technically reliable with the use of specially designed instruments. The use of polymeric gel for treatment of autologous pericardial valve is less aggressive than glutaraldéhyde
Mouktadiri, Ghizlane. "Angiovision - Pose d'endoprothèse aortique par angionavigation augmentée." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00943465.
Full textGuivier, Carine. "Modélisations numérique et expérimentale des interactions fluide-structure biologiques : application au diagnostic clinique de la performance valvulaire en présence d'une sténose sous-aortique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX22107.pdf.
Full textThe aortic valvular performance (either of a native valve or a prosthetic valve) is currently and efficiently assessed through clinical indices. These indices are estimated by performing velocity measurements based on Doppler echocardiographic methods. But in the presence of a relevant narrowing in the left ventricle outflow tract, called subaortic stenosis (SAS), it is often difficult or impossible to adequately assess the haemodynamic performance of the aortic valve with the use of the conventional Doppler echocardiographic indices. The aim of the work is to find out why the clinical indices fail when a SAS is present, through relevant experimental and numerical models. The second aim is to implement numerical fluid-structure interaction that exists between the valve and the blood flow. A first 2D numerical fluid-structure interaction model and then a 3D one are developed with the commercial CFD software Fluent. An external program is used to manage a sub-iteration loop ensuring a strong coupling between the fluid and the structure. An experimental model, that is equivalent to the numerical one as far as the geometries and the hydrodynamic conditions are concerned is used to validate the numerical simulation. The validation is performed through the comparison of the velocity fields that are obtained numerically on the one hand and experimentally by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) on the other hand. The quantitative and qualitative comparisons between healthy (without SAS) and pathological (with SAS) cases underline the failure that exists in the clinical diagnosis of the valvular performance in the presence of a SAS: the velocities and by consequence the clinical indices are not correlated to the valvular performance. A last theorical model was developed. It is based on the modelisation of potential flow around an airfoil of finite span. Each leaflet of the prosthetic valve is assimilated to an airfoil of finite span. This last model could improve the clinical indices and consequently could bring out changes in the clinical diagnosis of the haemodynamic valvular performance
Lazarini, Patrick. "Traitement fibrinolytique et grossesse : à propos d'un cas de thrombose récidivante sur une double prothèse valvulaire aortique et mitrale chez une femme enceinte." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2M083.
Full textAmahzoune, Brahim. "Mise au point d’une prothèse valvulaire implantée par voie endovasculaire : effet du sertissage et déploiement sur les feuillets valvulaires et application aux voies pulmonaires dilatées." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA114864/document.
Full textPercutaneous valve implantation (PVI) is a new with fast growing expansion procedure. Nevertheless, this promising technic has some reefs. Impairment of the implanted device at deployment is one of them. Valvular implantation in dilated right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is another limit of the procedure. In our work, we studied the valvular traumatism after prosthesis deployment. Subsequently, we evaluated a new device for RVOT size reduction, in order to widen PVI indications.Firstly, We compared 2 types of valved-stent (VS) (balloon expandable and self-expandable). We compared the occurrence of valvular leaflets injury after crimping and deployment of both types of prosthesis. We showed the occurrence of pericardial leaflet injuries, induced by devices crimping. Otherwise, the presence of sharp histologic lesions with balloon expandable VS, suggests a prosthesis expansion role, in genesis of valvular injuries, as well. We couldn’t show any impairment of valvular tissue mechanical properties after leaflets crimping and deployment. In another part of our work, experimental asymmetric enlargement of the RVOT with creation of severe pulmonary regurgitation, were performed in an ovine model. Size reduction of the enlarged RVOT and PVI were successfully achieved through an endovascular and right transventricular access. Valve function was satisfactory in all correctly implanted VS (one case of inversion). No migration or fractures of the size reducer or VS were seen before animal sacrifice, after 2 months follow-up. Since feasibility of RVOT enlargement and RVOT reduction has been demonstrated, a long-term study is necessary before considering a human implantation. At last but not least, deterioration on valvular leaflets after prosthesis handling is an effect to consider. Taking into account its potential impact on prosthesis durability, it requires further deep investigations
Depis, Yves. "Usage thérapeutique des fibrinolytiques pendant la grossesse : à propos d'un cas de thrombose récidivante d'une prothèse valvulaire aortique chez une femme enceinte, traitée par urokinase." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25405.
Full textJuthier, Francis. "Ingénierie tissulaire de valves cardiaques : apport des techniques de thérapie cellulaire." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00433512.
Full textMarchand, Coralie. "Stent pour implantation percutanée d'une valve cardiaque." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00807225.
Full textAmahzoune, Brahim. "Mise au point d'une prothèse valvulaire implantée par voie endovasculaire : Effet du sertissage et déploiement sur les feuillets valvulaires et application aux voies pulmonaires dilatées." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767945.
Full textALBRAND, JEAN-JACQUES. "Les obliterations tardives des branches de prothese aortique bifurquee." Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX20354.
Full textBoudghene, Stambouli Franck. "Traitement endovasculaire des maladies aortiques par endoprothèses : mise au point d emodèles expérimentaux et développement d'un prototype d'endoprothèse." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05CD18.
Full textBerthelot, Richer Maxime. "Discordance de la gradation de la sévérité de la sténose aortique : prédicteurs échocardiographiques de bénéfice de survie associé au remplacement valvulaire aortique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26037.
Full textSalaun, Erwan. "Imagerie multimodale en cardiologie : application à la surveillance des bioprothèses aortiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0722/document.
Full textThe incidence and prevalence of heart valve diseases are increasing worldwide. Their epidemiology also changes, and the required treatment is most often a prosthetic valve replacement, especially for aortic stenosis that is the most frequent heart valve disease. Techniques of valve replacement as well as prosthesis themselves have dramatically evolved in recent years, especially with the development of percutaneous transcatheter procedures. However, biologic aortic valve substitutes are at risk of several complications including prosthetic valve dysfunction, paravalvular regurgitation, infective endocarditis and structural valve deterioration. Correctly diagnose any of these complications still is a challenge but echocardiography plays a pivotal role and remains the gold-standard as per diagnostic imaging. Nonwithsanding the fact that echocardiography is the main imaging modality for valvular anomalies, great progress has been made in cardiac imaging and modalities like CT-Scan, MRI and nuclear imaging are nowadays regularly used along with echocardiography. The use and combination of these different techniques are part of a global approach, entitled multi-modality imaging.The general objective of this doctoral project was to study the contribution of the multi-imaging approach in the assessment of the bioprosthesis function and screening for complications and structural valve deterioration that may occur
Meunier, Jean-Pierre. "Le remplacement valvulaire aortique : comparaison à long terme de quatre types de prothèses." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11130.
Full textBARISEEL, HERVE. "Devenir tardif des protheses polyesters tissees en position aortique : recul de 76,2 mois." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE6558.
Full textSAUTIERE, FREDERIC. "Etude retrospective d'une serie de 28 protheses aorto-bifemorales implantees par voie retro-peritoneale avec anastomose latero-aortique et tunnellisation retro-pubienne de la branche droite de prothese." Angers, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ANGE1057.
Full textESPEUT, JEAN-BAPTISTE. "Reinterventions pour faux anevrysmes anastomotiques sur protheses du carrefour aortique : a propos de 57 observations." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CLF1MS28.
Full textAlric, Pierre. "Chirurgie aortique et fonction rénale." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON1T018.
Full textLOLJEEH, KAVIRAGE. "Chirurgie des remplacements valvulaires aortiques par prothese de bjork : resultats ; etude des facteurs pronostiques ; serie de 596 operes entre 1970 et 1984." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1M145.
Full textBulaid, Driss. "Bloc auriculoventricualire appareillé après remplacement valvulaire aortique." Lille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL2M323.
Full textThaveau, Fabien. "Évaluation expérimentale des endofuites de type 2 après mise en place d'une endoprothèse aortique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2003/21273/21273.pdf.
Full textAmblard, Anne. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement d'une endoprothèse aortique abdominale : analyse des endofuites de type I." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0088/these.pdf.
Full textAbdominal aortic aneurysm disease is a degenerative process whose ultimate event is the rupture of the vessel wall. The endovascular approach suffers from problems such as endoleaks. We develop a non-invasive methodology to observe the contact between the endoprosthesis and the aorta wall. On the one hand, this study provides an evaluation of the stresses generated by the blood flow. As blood is a non-Newtonian fluid, we use the Phan-Thien and Tanner model, resulting from the polymer rheology. The application of this model gives the parietal shear stress and the first normal stress difference. On the other hand, we develop an axisymmetric finite-element model of the complete system. This model takes into account the viscoelastic behaviour of the aorta. Plast2, an explicit dynamic finite element code, is used to simulate the behavior of the system. The system is subject to hydrostatic pressure and to the stresses generated by the blood flow. A coupled fluid-structure interaction is achieved
GUILLAUMONT, GELY MARIE-PIERRE. "Evaluation echo-doppler de la prothese de saint-jude aortique : application de l'equation de continuite ; a propos de 70 cas." Amiens, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AMIEM043.
Full textSimard, Louis. "Prédicteurs de la dégénérescence échocardiographique des greffons valvulaires suite à une procédure chirurgicale de Ross dans le traitement des maladies valvulaire aortiques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36435.
Full textAortic valve diseases represent the third most prevalent cardiovascular disease and the second most common indication for open-heart surgery. Despite major breakthroughs in modern medicine and technologies, the only therapeutic option proved efficient in reducing mortality and morbidity remains the implantation of a valvular prosthesis. There are two major classes of prostheses, each presenting their own advantages and disadvantages. Mechanical valves, due to their alloy-based structure, hold a high thrombogenic risk profile and thus patients require a lifetime anticoagulating therapy. Unfortunately, beyond being a well-known clinical challenge to adequately control, this treatment significantly increases the risks of suffering from major bleeding events. However, mechanical valves have shown prolonged lifeexpectancy generally exceeding 25 years. As for bioprostheses, they do not require any anticoagulation but are widely known to degenerate progressively throughout the years and must typically be replaced after 15 to 20 years. Consequently, mechanical valves are currently preferred in patients with long estimated life-expectancy and bioprostheses are preferes in older patients (>65 years). Nonetheless, there are no perfect option and a strong controversy remains regarding the optimal prosthesis in young adults patients (<60 years). In order to overcome the significant drawbacks of the traditional prostheses, a third surgical option was proposed: the Ross procedure. It consists in replacing the degenerated aortic valve by translocating the native pulmonary valve in aortic position. The surgeon then uses a homograft in pulmonary position to complete the procedure. This technique offers the best hemodynamic profiles of all prostheses and allows a bypass of the anticoagulation therapy. On the downside, though, it increases complications risks and surgically affects a fully healthy and functional organ being the pulmonary valve. The main hypothesis at the root of this Master degree project was that the deterioration of autografts and homografts are linked to clinical factors and the risks can therefore be predicted. Therefore, the main objectives of this study were, first of all, to evaluate the integrity of Ross procedure grafts when performed in a young adult population suffering from severe aortic valve diseases and, secondly, to identify determinants and predictors of poor post-operative evolution of both the pulmonay autograft and homograft.
Laville, Colin. "Caractérisation mécanique et modélisation numérique des tissus de valve aortique." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM069/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis aims to develop experimental and numerical tools for the mechanical characterization and the numerical modeling of natural or artificial aortic valve tissues. These tools are intended to be used for the development of new biomimetic polymeric implants. Nowadays, almost 300 000 prosthetic valves are implanted every year worldwide. Two families of prosthetic valves are currently available~: mechanical and biological prostheses. However, both solutions suffer from major drawbacks. In this context, polymeric prostheses represent a promising alternative but currently suffer from insufficient material properties to be suitable for a long--lasting implantation. In this work, an experimental protocol using biaxial tensile tests together with full--field surface measurement and confocal microscopy is proposed. Since numerical simulation is intended to assist the design phase of new implants by predicting their mechanical behavior, a structure and a fluid solver are developed and coupled. Using experimental results, implemented constitutive models are calibrated through an inverse analysis procedure
Tran, Minh Hoang. "Étude du suivi volumétrique et hémodynamique des dissections de l'aorte thoracique : évaluation pronostique." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1020/.
Full textPurpose: To analyze type B aortic dissection morphological remodeling and to compare thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) efficacy compared to medical treatment (MT) and to assess the morphology of the aorta in patients with aortic dissection type A after surgery. To study volumetric measurements and its benefits face to well known diameter measurements. Patients and methods: Retrospective study of 77 patients (MT: 34, TEVAR: 43) with a 43 months follow up and 36 patients with type A aortic dissection with 38 months follow up. True lumen (TL) and false lumen (FL) diameter and volume measurements, particularly of the FL thrombosed and enhancing parts. Results: TEVAR permitted a 76% TL re-expansion during the whole follow up compared to 27% for MT. The FL thrombosed part was 87% at last CT, and 60% for MT, allowing a better FL stabilization for TEVAR. The volume of aorta descending (aortic dissection type A) increase 29% of TL and 77% of FL. Volumes measurement proved to be a more precise tool than diameters measurement which can lead to risky life threatening over or under evaluation. Conclusion : Volumetric method has demonstrated the efficacy of stent graft treatment compared to medical treatment for type B aortic dissection in term of aortic remodeling. The volumes of descending aorta and abdominal aorta of aortic dissection type A continue increase after surgery. Volume analysis is an accurate and reproducible method and could later lead to prognostic factors. This study is the first step for a hemodynamic study by CFD with CT scanners dynamic
Zenses, Anne-Sophie. "Performance hémodynamique de prothèses valvulaires aortiques percutanées et stratégies d'implantation lors de procédures "valve-in-valve" : études in vitro et in vivo." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0417/document.
Full textTranscatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as an alternative to surgery for patients with severe aortic stenosis and high surgical risk. This technique is extending to a wider population (e.g. with more complex anatomy or lower surgical risk), as well as to patients with degenerated surgical bioprostheses (BPs). However, two major concerns remain limiting. Regarding “classical TAVI”, periprosthetic leaks have been associated with increased mortality. Oversizing is used to secure the device within the aortic annulus which is often non circular. The effects of oversizing and annulus shape on the hemodynamic performance are unknown. Regarding ViV implantations, elevated post-procedural gradients are common and have been associated with increased mortality. The principal factors associated with this residual stenosis as well as with increased risk of mortality, have been BPs label size ≤ 21 mm and mode of failure by stenosis. These factors are not specific enough and there is currently no recommendation for the treatment of small BPs. Besides, the actual hemodynamic benefit associated with ViV has not been evaluated (vs. pre ViV status).The general objective of this work is to understand the interactions between the transcatheter prosthesis and the aortic annulus or the BP to be treated, which impact the hemodynamic performance, especially in complex conditions of implantation, in order to extend the indications of TAVI. In the context of ViV, the objective is to specify the factors associated with the hemodynamic performance and utility of the treatment. The final aim is to provide strategies of implantation in order to optimize the success of the procedure
Bailly, Yan. "Modélisation et commande d'un micro-robot hybride : application à la pose d'endoprothèses aortiques en chirurgie mini-invasive." Phd thesis, Université Paris XII Val de Marne, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010033.
Full textKaladji, Adrien. "Apport de l'assistance par ordinateur lors de la pose d'endoprothèse aortique." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1B008/document.
Full textThe development of endovascular aortic procedures is growing. These mini-invasive techniques allow a reduction of surgical trauma, usually important in conventional open surgery. The technical limitations of endovascular repair are pushed to special aortic localizations which were in the past decade indication for open repair. Success and efficiency of such procedures are based on the development and the implementation of decision-making tools. This work aims to improve endovascular procedures thanks to a better utilization of pre and intraoperative imaging. This approach is in the line with the framework of computer-assisted surgery whose concepts are applied to vascular surgery. The optimization of endograft deployment is considered in three steps. The first part is dedicated to preoperative imaging analysis and shows the limits of the current sizing tools. The accuracy of a new measurement criterion is assessed (outer curvature length). The second part deals with intraoperative imaging and shows the contribution of augmented reality in endovascular aortic repair. In the last part, image guided surgery on soft tissues is addressed, especially the arterial deformations occurring during endovascular procedures which disprove rigid registration in fusion imaging. The use of finite element simulation to deal with this issue is presented. We report an original approach based on a predictive model of deformations using finite element simulation with geometrical and anatomo-mechanical patient specific parameters extracted from the preoperative CT-scan
Gaudric, Julien. "Morphométrie des anévrismes de l’aorte thoracique : de l’anatomie scanographique à la modélisation numérique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS574.
Full textRational: Research on the anatomy of the aortic arch has been fueled by the need of a comprehensive analysis of this structure in the setting of endovascular repair. Aneurysmal disease causes distortions in areas where the implantation of stent grafts undergo major stress. Objectives: I: To characterize the morphometric modifications of the aortic arch induced by a thoracic aneurysm. II: To evaluate the feasibility of current endovascular devices in treating aortic arch aneurysms. III: To create an automated measurement tool for assessing the angulations induced by these deformations. IV: To validate a 0D numerical simulation model of vascular mechanics by comparing its predictions with in vivo data.Results: I: In a study of 78 CT scan, thoracic aneurysms were associated with bi-directional wall stretching and anterior or posterior rotation according to the aneurysm’s location. II: A retrospective study of the CT scans of 56 patients who underwent aortic arch aneurysm surgical repair showed that none of these patients had the anatomical criteria for a stent graft implantation. III: An automated software for calculating the aortic angulations from a continuous analysis of the curvature radius of the central line was developed and validated against the visual assessment of points. IV: Changes in the morphology of blood pressure waves after aortic clamping and unclamping were studied in 11 patients with a good correlation and agreement between the numerical model and continuous intravascular measurements. Conclusion: Advances in the analysis of aortic geometry and the simulation of vascular mechanics are necessary for the adaptation of new endovascular devices
Cochennec, Frédéric. "Anévrismes Aortiques Complexes : voies de Recherches Actuelles et Futures des Thérapeutiques Endovasculaires." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC0028/document.
Full textAortic stent grafts have gained widespread acceptance for the treatment of aortic aneurysms. When compared with open repair, they have been shown to reduce significantly postoperative mortality and complication rates. However, these benefits remain uncertain in the long-term and aortic stent grafts are still limited by anatomic restrictions. Fifteen years ago, patients with complex aneurysms such as juxtarenal, suprarenal and thoracoabdominal aneurysms were not eligible for endovascular repair. With the development of fenestrated and branched stent grafts (FBSG), it is now possible to offer an endovascular solution to these patients. FBSG contains holes (fenestrations) or lateral branches. Their purpose is to allow the proximal margin of the device to sit higher than standard infrarenal devices and allow uninterrupted blood flow to renal and visceral vessels. Retrospective studies have shown encouraging short-term and mid-term results. However, fenestrated/ branched stent grafting remains a complex procedure, associated with significant risks of technical problems such as target vessel loss and difficulties with iliac or femoral accesses. Results of FBSG could be further improved by optimizing patient selection, technical innovation to optimize currently available devices, and developments of new imaging and navigation tools. In addition, due to manufacturing delays (6-10 weeks), FBSG are not applicable to high-risk patients who need rapid treatment (painful or large aneurysms).The objectives of this thesis were: (1) to evaluate the incidence and define the nature of unexpected intraoperative adverse events and analyse their impact on the postoperative outcome; (2) to evaluate in vitro the feasibility and the performances of electromagnetic navigation using a new device (StealthStation®, Medtronic); (3) to evaluate the feasibility and safety of robotic navigation for target vessel cannulation; (4) to analyse short-term results of physician modified stent grafts for patients with complex aortic aneurysms needing rapid treatment.During this work, we showed that intraoperative adverse events were not rare (30% of the first 113 patients) during our early experience. They were responsible for postoperative complications in more than 50 % of cases. Optimal patient selection and increased experience of the medical staff may reduce the incidence of technical problems. However, we believe the development of new imaging modalities and navigation tools could play a key role to limit their occurrence. Although further developments are mandatory, the use of electromagnetic navigation as a complementary imaging modality, as tested with the StealthStation®, might be beneficial in terms of radiation exposure, cannulation performances, and accuracy in the positioning of FBSG. We also showed that robotic cannulation of renal and visceral vessels during complex endovascular aortic procedures is feasible and safe. In our experience, it was more effective for branches than for fenestrations. Finally, we used physician modified stent grafts in a limited series of eleven patients with thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. With a 9% in-hospital mortality rate and a 9% rate of spinal cord ischemia, they provided similar results to those of manufactured FBSG, suggesting they might be an option to consider for high-risk patients needing rapid treatment
Demanget, Nicolas. "Analyse des performances mécaniques des endoprothèses aortiques par simulation numérique : Application au traitement des anévrismes tortueux." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00784008.
Full textBoufi, Mourad. "Caractérisations morphométriques et biomécaniques de l'aorte thoracique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM5000.
Full textObjectives: characterize (1) arch morphometry to examine criteria favoring complications after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) and feasibility of « off-the-shelf » fenestrated devices.(2) mechanical properties of ascending aorta (AA) in swine and humans, with and without aortic dissection.Materials and methods : Morphometric characterization : Computed tomographic angiography were analysed to calculate elementary morphometric, geometric and supra-aortic trunks data Mechanical characterization : In vivo: arterial pressure and diameters measured with echocardiophy are used to calculate elastic parameters.Ex vivo: biaxial tensile testing performed on AA plus histological and microstructural analysis. Results :Morphometric characterization : In > 75% of cases supra-aortic branches are positioned within 15° of each other and distances between them have a variability of ± 4 mm.Independant factors associated with endoleak, bird beak and mis-positioning are respectively : (1) short proximal neck (2) landing zone angulation (cut-off value: 51°); and (3) tortuosity index (cut-off value: 1.68). Mechanical characterization : in vivo: greater compliance of swine aorta compared to humans and a stiffer aorta in case of aortic dissectionBiaxial testing: linear stress-strain behavior of swine aorta, compared to a non linear one in human. Conclusion : our study reveals :- the impact of anatomy on complications occurrence after TEVAR, and suitable arguments for « off-the-shelf » fenestrated devices.- swine model is inappropriate to test AA dedicated stent-graft.- stiffer wall in aortic dissection has consequences on the choice of futur devices dedicated to AA
Wang, Qian. "Processing and exploration of CT images for the assessment of aortic valve bioprostheses." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00925743.
Full textBouhout, Ismail. "Le remplacement valvulaire aortique chez le jeune adulte." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11545.
Full textIn young adults, the ideal aortic valve substitute remains unknown. Mechanical prostheses are durable. However, their use requires lifelong anticoagulation. Recent reports suggest an excess in long-term mortality in patients following mechanical aortic valve replacement (AVR). Furthermore, many patients are of childbearing age when the surgery is indicated. Pregnancy in patients with mechanical prostheses is associated with an increased thromboembolic event. Those are better prevented by warfarin comparatively to heparin. However, warfarin is associated with fetal malformations. Bioprostheses avoid anticoagulation. Nevertheless, young adults experience a more rapid prosthetic valve deterioration, which exposes young patients to a significantly higher risk of early reoperation. The aim of this thesis is to assess long term outcomes following AVR in young adults. For this project, two different studies were completed. The first study examines the long-term survival and complications following isolated AVR in young adults. Long-term survival was lower than what was expected in a sex- and gender-matched Quebec general population. There was a low but constant occurrence of valve dysfunction and reintervention after AVR in this population. The goal of the second study was to assess cardiac, maternal and fetal complications during and after pregnancy in women with mechanical or biological AVR. Based on our results, we concluded that pregnancies in those women carried a significant risk of cardiac and maternal adverse outcomes, particularly with mechanical prostheses.