Relevant bibliographies by topics / Protic solvents

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Protic solvents'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 24 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Protic solvents"

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Shabanian, Meisam, Hassan Moghanian, Mohsen Hajibeygi, and Azin Mohamadi. "Theoretical Investigation of Solvation Effects on the Tautomerism of Maleic Hydrazide." E-Journal of Chemistry 9, no. 1 (2012): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/976161.

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A DFT study is used to calculate structural data of tautomers of maleic hydrazide (MH) in the gas phase and selected solvents such as benzene (non-polar solvent), tetrahydrofuran (polar aprotic solvent) and methanol (protic solvent), dimethyl sulfoxide (polar aprotic solvent) and water (protic solvent) using PCM model. All tautomers are optimized at the B3LYP/6−31++G(d,p). The results show that the tautomer MH2except in methanol is more stable than the other tautomers but in methanol MH5(Diol) is more stable. In addition, stability of the tautomers in deferent solvents shows interesting results. Variation of dipole moments and NBO charges on atoms in the solvents were studied.
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da Silva, Guilherme C. Q., Thiago M. Cardozo, Giovanni W. Amarante, Charlles R. A. Abreu, and Bruno A. C. Horta. "Solvent effects on the decarboxylation of trichloroacetic acid: insights from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 34 (2018): 21988–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp02455c.

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Nikolic, Jasmina, Gordana Uscumlic, and Vera Krstic. "Reactivity of cyclohex-1-enylcarboxylic and 2-methylcyclohex-1-enylcarboxylic acids with diazodiphenylmethane in aprotic solvents." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 65, no. 12 (2000): 839–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0012839n.

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Rate constants for the reaction of diazodiphenylmethane with cyclohex-1-enylcarboxylic acid and 2-methylcyclohex-1-enylcarboxylic acid were determined in nine aprotic solvents, as well as in seven protic solvents, at 30?C using the appropriate UV-spectroscopic method. In protic solvents the unsubsituted acid displayed higher reaction rates than the methyl-substituted one. The results in aprotic solvents showed quite the opposite, and the reaction rates were considerably lower. In order to explain the obtained results through solvent effects, reaction rate constants (k) of the examined acids were correlated using the total solvatochromic equation of the form: log k=logk0+s?*+a?+b?, where ?* is the measure of the solvent polarity, a represents the scale of the solvent hydrogen bond donor acidities (HBD) and b represents the scale of the solvent hydrogen bond acceptor basicities (HBA). The correlation of the kinetic data were carried out by means of multiple linear regression analysis and the opposite effects of aprotic solvents, as well as the difference in the influence of protic and aprotic solvents on the reaction of the two examined acids with DDM were discussed. The results presented in this paper for cyclohex-1-enylcarboxylic and 2-methylcyclohex-1-enylcarboxylic acids were compared with the kinetic data for benzoic acid obtained in the same chemical reaction, under the same experimental conditions.
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Xin, Hong-Xing, Qi Liu, Hong Yan, and Xiu-Qing Song. "Stability and decarbonylation of 1,3-dialkyl-2-formylimidazolium perchlorate in solution." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 91, no. 6 (June 2013): 442–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2012-0497.

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The stability of 1,3-dialkyl-2-formylimidazolium perchlorate 1 in solution was studied in detail and found to be related to its structure and the solvent character and temperature. 1 was stable in common solvents at room temperature and unstable in protic solvents under reflux. In protic solvents, such as H2O, MeOH, EtOH, and AcOH, 1 decarbonylated into 1,3-dialkylimidazole perchlorates 2, which was confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS, and X-ray spectroscopy. The decarbonylation of 1 was proposed to occur via its hemiacetal formed by the addition of solvents based on the tracking NMR spectra of 1 in deuterated reagents.
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Bakalova, Snezhana. "Solvent Effects on the Fluorescence Properties of Methyldihydroquinolinones." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 46, no. 9 (September 1, 1991): 823–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1991-0913.

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Abstract The absorption and fluorescence spectra and the fluorescence quantum yields of two methyl-2,3- dihydro-4(1H)-quinolinones in various solvents are reported. In some solvents deuteration-induced fluorescence enhancement has been observed. The solvent effects in aprotic solvents are consistent with the general type of solvent interaction. For protic solvents, solute-solvent complexation in the excited state is suggested
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Marinkovic, Aleksandar, Sasa Drmanic, Bratislav Jovanovic, and Milica Misic-Vukovic. "Investigations of the reactivity of pyridine carboxylic acids with diazodiphenylmethane in protic and aprotic solvents, Part I: Pyridine mono-carboxylic acids." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 70, no. 4 (2005): 557–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0504567m.

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Rate constants for the reaction of diazodiphenylmethane with isomeric pyridine carboxylic acids were determined in chosen protic and aprotic solvents at 30 ?C, using the well known UV spectrophotometric method. The values of the rate constants of the investigated acids in protic solvents were higher than those in aprotic solvents. The second order rate constants were correlated with solvent parameters using the Kamlet-Taft solvatochromic equation in the form: logk = logk0 + s?*+ a? + b?. The correlation of the obtained kinetic data were performed by means of multiple linear regression analysis taking appropriate solvent parameters. The signs of the equation coefficients were in agreement with the postulated reaction mechanism. The mode of the influence of the solvent on the reaction rate in all the investigated acids are discussed on the basis of the correlation results.
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Chastrette, M., and J. Carretto. "Étude statistique des effets de solvant. III. Calcul et interprétation de paramètres empiriques de polarité à partir de propriétés physicochimiques des solvants purs." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 12 (December 1, 1985): 3492–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v85-572.

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Using multivariational statistical methods, the calculation and interpretation of empirical parameters of the polarity of solvents has been reexamined. The size of the sample used (57 aprotic solvents and 24 protic solvents) assures that it is representative. For each solvent, the data tabulated include some physical constants (dielectric constants, dipole moments, refractive indices, molar refractions, boiling points, Hildebrand's δ parameters) or theoretical values (energy levels of frontier orbitals). The methods used are factorial analysis and multiple regression. The results obtained show that, for the aprotic solvents, the parameter ET is a measure of the polarity, of the polarizability, and of the cohesion of the solvent to the extent of 43, 39, and 18% respectively. For the parameter π*, these proportions are respectively 53, 18, and 29%. For the protic solvents, the parameter ET is explained by the same variables except for 5 solvents more acidic than water; this anomaly is explained by the basicity of the oxygen of the betaine used to define ET.
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Assoumatine, Tokouré, Brigitte L. Yvon, and James L. Charlton. "The complex photochemistry of 2,3-dibenzylidenesuccinates." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 82, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 1663–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v04-143.

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The photochemistry of diethyl E,E-2,3-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)succinate (8) is solvent dependent. In both protic and aprotic solvents, there is a photoequilibrium established between 8 and its E,Z-isomer (9). In chloroform at high light intensity, very little 9 is formed and the main product is 1,4-dihydronaphthalene (10), formed via photoinduced intramolecular [1,3]-sigmatropic hydrogen shift within an intermediate 1,8a-dihydronaphthalene (11). In protic solvents, irradiation of either 8 or 9 ultimately gives primarily the cis-1,2-dihydronaphthalene product (13), along with smaller amounts of the trans isomer (14). By using deuterated solvents, it was shown that 13 and 14 are formed by solvent protonation (or deuteration) of the 1,8a-dihydronaphthalene intermediate (11 or 12). Key words: 2,3-dibenzylidenesuccinate, photocyclization, dihydronaphthalene, lignan.
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Perusic-Janjic, Nada, Jevrem Janjic, and Sanja Podunavac-Kuzmanovic. "Solvent effect on electronic absorption spectra of some 2-aminobenzimidazoles." Acta Periodica Technologica, no. 33 (2002): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt0233093p.

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The effect of protic and aprotic solvents on electronic apsorption spectra of 1-(3-X-benzil)-2-aminobenzimidazoles (X=CH3;OCH3; Cl) was examined. UV-apsorption spectra (200-400 nm) were recorded in five protic and four aprotic solvents. Batochromic shift of absorption maxima, ?max, occurs from the solvent with the highest proton-donor ability to the proton acceptor solvent (from water to DMSO). Positions of absortion maxima in various solvents are in correlation with the dielectric constant of the solvent. In order to explain the obtained results, the ultraviolet absorption frequences of the electronic transitions of the compounds were correlated using a total solvatochromic equation of the form: ?max = ?0 + s?* + a? + b?, where??* is the measure of solvent polarity. Prepresents the scale of solvent hydrogen bond acceptor basicities and ? represents the scale of solvent hydrogen bond donor acidities. Correlation of spectroscopic data was carried out by means of multiple linear regression analysis.
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Drmanic, Sasa, Bratislav Jovanovic, Aleksandar Marinkovic, and Milica Misic-Vukovic. "Investigations of the reactivity of pyridine carboxylic acids with diazodiphenylmethane in protic and aprotic solvents: Part II: Pyridine mono-carboxylic acid N-oxides." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 71, no. 2 (2006): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0602089d.

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The rate constants for the reaction of three isomeric pyridine mono-carbocylic acid N-oxides with diazodiphenylmethane were determined at 30 ?C in thirty two protic and aprotic solvents by the well known UV spectrophotometric method. The rate constants are generally higher than for pyridine mono-carboxylic acids in a similar range of solvents, except for picolinic acid N-oxide, and also higher in protic than in aprotic solvents. The determined rate constants were correlated with solvent parameters using the Kamlet-Taft solvatochromic equation bymeans of multiple regression analysis. The sign of the equation coefficients were in agreement with the postulated reaction mechanism. The mode of the influences of the solvent is discussed on the basis of the correlation coefficients, taking into account the specific structures of the pyridine mono-carboxylic acid N-oxides.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Protic solvents"

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Collins, Karl Daniel. "The development and application of radical and anionic cyclisations mediated by samarium(II) diodide and protic co-solvents." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-development-and-application-of-radical-and-anionic-cyclisations-mediated-by-samariumii-diodide-and-protic-cosolvents(0e807a8c-d40f-45bb-8d83-26e79ebe9388).html.

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The development of selective SmI2-H2O-mediated mono-reductions of cyclic-1,3-diesters to the corresponding 3-hydroxy acids is described. The reaction proceeds with complete selectivity for cyclic-1,3-diesters over acyclic esters. Sequential one-pot conjugate reduction-ester reduction of alkylidene cyclic-1,3-diesters is also reported. Furthermore, we describe the exploitation of the unusual ketyl radical intermediates formed via single electron reduction of the ester carbonyl in unprecedented 5-exo-trig cyclisations providing access to highly substituted, stereo-defined, cyclopentanols and cyclopentanones. Also described is the use of a silicon control element to direct the stereochemical outcome of the SmI2-MeOH-mediated conjugate reduction-intramolecular aldol cyclisations of α,β-unsaturated lactones. These cyclisations generate two contiguous quaternary centres with complete diastereocontrol; the utility of the silicon-directing group as a synthetic handle for derivatisation of the cyclisation products has also been demonstrated. These cyclisations have been applied in a model approach to the anti-mitotic natural product pseudolaric acid B.
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Ferreira, Gicelia Antonia. "Identificação de líquidos iônicos próticos como solventes para aplicações em biocatálise." Escola Politécnica, 2016. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/22632.

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Nos dias atuais, há um grande e crescente interesse em encontrar substâncias ambientalmente amigáveis para processos industriais. Os líquidos iônicos são candidatos a substituir os solventes orgânicos convencionais reduzindo a quantidade de resíduos e diminuindo o impacto ambiental; à temperatura ambiente, esses materiais praticamente não possuem pressão de vapor, são não inflamáveis, podendo ser sintetizados de modo específico, através da combinação diferencial entre cátions e ânions, para desempenhar o papel necessário, além de serem facilmente recicláveis. Os líquidos iônicos são novos meios promissores para muitos processos, tais como síntese química, reações enzimáticas e aplicações no setor de “engenharia verde”. O interesse pela classe dos líquidos iônicos próticos justifica-se em decorrência da sua síntese simples, do baixo custo produção, da baixa toxicidade e da biodegradabilidade, os quais são aspectos inerentes aos processos “verdes”. Nesse contexto, ressalta-se a aplicação dos líquidos iônicos próticos na síntese enzimática de ésteres graxos de açúcares. Cumpre destacar que os mesmos podem ser sintetizados quimicamente ou enzimaticamente. A síntese química diverge da tendência atual, na qual o foco está voltado para a utilização de tecnologias sustentáveis e ambientalmente seguras. Por outro lado, a síntese enzimática é realizada em condições mais suaves de reação, apresenta elevada seletividade e especificidade, o que facilita a recuperação do produto. Porém, a síntese enzimática de ésteres graxos de açúcares encontra um obstáculo, uma vez que os solventes orgânicos capazes de solubilizar adequadamente os carboidratos também agem de forma negativa sobre as enzimas, inativando-as. Portanto, no presente trabalho foi investigado um conjunto de líquidos iônicos próticos visando identificar um meio de reação apropriado para o processo enzimático de síntese do oleato de galactose, que atenda às condições de maximizar a solubilização do carboidrato. Para tanto, uma gama de líquidos iônicos próticos foram sintetizados e caracterizados em termos de coeficiente de partição, viscosidade e solubilidade da galactose, pois essas propriedades exercem influência direta sobre a ação enzimática. Até o melhor de nosso conhecimento, este é o primeiro estudo com foco no processo de produção enzimática de ésteres graxos de açúcares na presença de líquidos iônicos próticos.
Nowadays, there is a great and growing interest in environmentally friendly substances for industrial processes. Ionic liquids are candidates to replace the conventional organic solvents decreasing the amount of waste and reducing the environmental impact; at room temperature, ionic liquids have practically no vapor pressure, are not flammable and may be synthesized specifically through the differential combination of cations and anions, in order to perform the role needed, and are easily recyclable. Ionic liquids are new promising media for many processes, such as chemical synthesis, enzymatic reactions and applications in the “green engineering” sector. The interest for the class of protic ionic liquids is justified due to their simple synthesis, low cost of production, low toxicity and biodegradability potential, which are aspects inherent to the “green” processes. In this context, we highlight the application of protic ionic liquids in the enzymatic synthesis of fatty esters of sugars. It is worth noting that the same can be synthesized chemically or enzymatically. The chemical synthesis diverges from the current trend, in which the focus has turned to the use of sustainable and environmentally safe technologies. On the other hand, the enzymatic synthesis is performed under milder reaction conditions, presents high selectivity and high specificity, besides product recovery ease. Nevertheless, the enzymatic synthesis of fatty esters of sugars meets an obstacle, because the organic solvents able to adequately solubilize the carbohydrate also act negatively on the enzymes, inactivating them. Therefore, in the present study was proposed to investigate a class of protic ionic liquids in order to identify an appropriate reaction medium to the enzymatic process of synthesis of galactose oleate, which meets the conditions of maximizing the solubilization of the carbohydrate. For that, a range of protic ionic liquids were synthesized and characterized in terms of partition coefficient, viscosity and solubility of galactose, because these properties directly influence the enzymatic action. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study focusing on the enzymatic production process of fatty esters of sugars in the presence of protic ionic liquids.
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Němcová, Denisa. "Řízení rizik pojišťoven v souvislosti s aplikací metodiky Solvency II." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-18834.

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The content of this diploma paper is a view of the process of risk management in an insurance company in relation to applying the new concept of Solvency II. This paper is divided into three main parts. The opening part focuses on a risk profile of an insurance company, giving an overview and clasification of risks threatening an insurance company. The aim of this paper is to focus on method of Solvency II and especially on the consequences for insurance companies applying this method, which is contained in the second part of this paper. This paper also provides a complex view on the risk management process in an insurance company, its distinguishing phases with emphasis on the area of measuring risks and calculation of capital requirements. The risk management process is contained in the last part of this paper.
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Pretorius, C. E. (Cornelia Emilige). "The impact of solvency assessment and management on the taxation of long-term insurers in South Africa : a comparative study." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/41566.

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A new revised prudential regulatory regime for insurers will be introduced in order to align the South African insurance industry with international standards. This regime, called Solvency Assessment and Management, is based on its European counterpart, which is known as Solvency II. This study starts off by investigating and comparing Solvency II, to be implemented in the United Kingdom, with Solvency Assessment and Management, to be implemented in South Africa, identifying a number of similarities between the regimes. The taxation of long-term insurers in both jurisdictions is then investigated, but no similarities are identified. The above prepares the ground for the main purpose of the study, which is to identify the impact of Solvency Assessment and Management on the taxation of long-term insurers in South Africa. This study identified the impact as effecting a change in the current basis used for the valuation of policyholder liabilities, which will cause a decrease in the value of liabilities, and consequently an increase in underwriting profit. The impact of this change is illustrated, and there are clear indications that there is a need to amend current income tax legislation or the directive used to determine the value of liabilities. Two options for amendments are identified but no changes to legislation are expected before 2015.
Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
lmchunu2014
Taxation
unrestricted
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Martinková, Petra. "Finanční a ekonomická strategie společnosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222246.

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This Master's thesis deals with current financial situation of non-profit-making organization called Nadeje o.s. For classification were applied some methods of financial analysis, whose results were applied to suggestions for financial strategy in following period.
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Laguitton-Pasquier, Hélène. "Etude de la diffusion de molécules fluorescentes solvatochromiques à l'intérieur de micelles en vue de la détermination du profil de leur potentiel chimique." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DENS0008.

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Le comportement photophysique de deux sondes solvatochromiques fluorescentes, le 9,9'-bianthryl et un dérivé, est étudié en solvants homogènes et en milieu micellaire. En solvants homogènes, nous avons examine, entre autres, la dépendance, d'une part, de la constante d'équilibre entre les deux états excités le (localement excite) et ct (état de transfert de charge) des deux sondes et, d'autre part, de l'élargissement inhomogène du spectre de l'état ct en fonction de la polarité du solvant. Le résultat majeur de cette étude est la mise en évidence d'un moment dipolaire a l'état excite dans les solvants non polaires tels que le cyclohexane. Ces résultats sont obtenus grâce à la décomposition du spectre d'émission de fluorescence stationnaire en divers composantes dont nous présentons la méthode. En milieu micellaire, l'évolution des propriétés spectroscopiques des deux sondes traduit leur diffusion d'un site peu polaire vers un site plus polaire dans la micelle. L'influence de la nature de la micelle (tête hydrophile, contre-ion, longueur de la chaine hydrocarbonée) et de la nature de la sonde sur la dynamique de diffusion a été étudiée. Le site de solubilisation préférentiel des deux sondes a l'état fondamental et excite et l'allure du profil de leur potentiel chimique (existence ou non d'une barrière de potentiel) sont déduits de l'analyse des déclins d'émission de fluorescence de l'espèce diffusante. Suivant les cas, la dynamique de diffusion dépend de la viscosité de l'intérieur de la micelle, d'une micro viscosité spécifique ou d'un changement de la surface de potentiel chimique. Une étude en micelle mixte (tx100-ctacl) par spectroscopie de fluorescence et par RMN est présentée
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Garcia, Ricardo Bruno Rogado. "Aplicação do Tail Conditional Expectation à determinação do requisito de capital de uma Empresa de Seguros Não Vida." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19718.

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Mestrado em Ciências Actuariais
A questão da determinação do requisito de solvência das empresas de seguros assume uma importância primordial dada a natureza da actividade seguradora, a sua importância para a economia e o papel das seguradoras como investidores institucionais. A presente dissertação pretende evidenciar que é possível formular um modelo de solvência que, através da medida de risco Tail Conditional Expectation, determine o requisito de solvência de uma empresa de seguros, que explore o Ramo Automóvel e que mantenha a sua actual estrutura de activos e responsabilidades, para o horizonte temporal de um ano. O requisito de capital será calculado a partir da função de distribuição dos possíveis resultados futuros, que será gerada com recurso a simulação dos principais factores de risco que afectam a actividade seguradora, através da técnica de Monte Carlo, e que são susceptíveis de influenciarem as rubricas que determinam o valor de uma empresa de seguros. Assim, é apresentada a medida de risco Tail Conditional Expectation e formulado o modelo de solvência, sendo para tal definidos os diversos factores de risco considerados, estudada a sua modelação individual e conjunta e apresentados os respectivos mecanismos de simulação. O modelo proposto é aplicado a uma seguradora não vida, calculando-se o seu requisito de capital e comparando-se este resultado com o capital próprio existente.
Setting the solvency requirement of an insurance company is a major question, due to the nature of the insurance activity, its importance in the economy and the role played by insurance companies as institutional investors. The present dissertation intends to emphasize that is possible to formulate a solvency model that calculates, applying the Tail Conditional Expectation risk measure, the solvency requirement of an insurance company that operates solely in the Automobile Branch, given that its present structure of assets and liabilities remains unchanged, for a one year time horizon. The solvency requirement is calculated from the distribution of possible future values generated through Monte Carlo simulation of the main risk factors that affect the insurance activity and influence the assets and liabilities that determine the value of an insurance company. First, we present the Tail Conditional Expectation risk measure. Second, formulate the solvency model, namely trough the definition of risk factors involved, the explanation of the individual and joint behaviour risk factors modelling and the description of the simulation mechanisms considered. The proposed model is tested in a general insurance company, in particular, we calculate the capital requirement and compare the equity values.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Ramos, Ana Rita Aguadeiro. "Avaliação da Participação nos Resultados Futura : Aplicação ao Seguro de Capital Diferido com Contrasseguro." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2774.

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Mestrado em Ciências Actuariais
A avaliação da participação nos resultados futura é um problema que se torna particularmente relevante no âmbito do Projecto "Solvência II" e das novas regras contabilísticas. Trata-se de uma variável que depende de um vasto conjunto de variáveis económicas e financeiras, para além da própria estrutura de cada contrato e do esquema de participação associado. A aplicação ao seguro de capital diferido com contrasseguro faz com que o problema central subjacente consista na estimação dos resultados financeiros futuros obtidos com a gestão dos contratos, dada a sua natureza marcadamente financeira. Como tal, para se proceder à resolução deste problema, propõe-se a implementação de duas metodologias de avaliação: um algoritmo de simulação estocástica e uma análise por cenários, integrada num modelo de optimização da carteira de activos representativa das responsabilidades. Enquanto no primeiro caso os resultados financeiros são estimados com base numa possível adaptação do Modelo de Inflação de Wilkie, no segundo caso considera-se explicitamente a questão da estratégia óptima de investimento.
The valuation of future profit sharing is a problem which has become especially important on "Solvency II" framework and also regarding the recent changes on accounting systems. It is a variable that depends on several economic and financial factors, beyond the structure of each contract itself and its associated profit sharing mechanism. The application of this analysis to the specific case of the deferred capital insurance with return of premiums reveals that the main problem is the estimation of future financial income, arising from the management of these contracts; in fact, this kind of income has the major impact on those contracts. Two different valuation methodologies are proposed in this project, in order to solve the problem. The first is an algorithm of stochastic simulation and the second lays on a scenario analysis, integrated into a model of optimization of the representative portfolio of the liabilities. While in the first methodology financial income is estimated using an adapted version of the Inflation Model of Wilkie, in the second one, the issue of optimal investment strategy is explicitly considered.
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Velecký, Roman. "Posouzení finančního zdraví firmy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221807.

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This Master´s thesis deals with current financial strategies of the company "ABC s. r. o. ". For the appraisals was used various financial methods of the financial analysis. The results was used then for the suggestion on the field of the improving financial situation in the next period.
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Frejková, Daniela. "Finanční strategie společnosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221506.

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This Master´s thesis assesses current financial strategies of the company „ABC, a. s.“. The evaluation was based on results from financial analysis which were essential for the proposition of financial strategies for the following period.
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Books on the topic "Protic solvents"

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Solvent-dependent flexibility of proteins and principles of their function. Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1985.

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Kwiatkowski, Carol F. The Age of Chemicals in the 21st Century. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190490911.003.0001.

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Chapter 1 profiles the history, exposure routes, and health effects of chemicals in categories such as pesticides, solvents, flame retardants, plastics, and antimicrobials. Human exposure to low concentrations of chemicals, prenatal and childhood exposures, and effects on the endocrine system are highlighted. The goal is to raise awareness about the wide range of chemicals humans encounter on a daily basis. Medical professionals are urged to use this information to educate patients, and governments are called on to adopt new regulatory approaches to protect public health.
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Drelichman, Mauricio, and Hans-Joachim Voth. Financial Folly and Spain’s Black Legend. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691151496.003.0010.

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This epilogue argues that Castile was solvent throughout Philip II's reign. A complex web of contractual obligations designed to ensure repayment governed the relationship between the king and his bankers. The same contracts allowed great flexibility for both the Crown and bankers when liquidity was tight. The risk of potential defaults was not a surprise; their likelihood was priced into the loan contracts. As a consequence, virtually every banking family turned a profit over the long term, while the king benefited from their services to run the largest empire that had yet existed. The epilogue then looks at the economic history version of Spain's Black Legend. The economic history version of the Black Legend emerged from a combination of two narratives: a rich historical tradition analyzing the decline of Spain as an economic and military power from the seventeenth century onward, combined with new institutional analysis highlighting the unconstrained power of the monarch.
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Jimenez, Marta. Aristotle on Shame and Learning to Be Good. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829683.001.0001.

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This book presents a novel interpretation of Aristotle’s account of how shame instils virtue, and defends its philosophical import. Despite shame’s bad reputation as a potential obstacle to the development of moral autonomy, shame is for Aristotle the proto-virtue of those learning to be good, since it is the emotion that equips them with the seeds of virtue. Other emotions such as friendliness, righteous indignation, emulation, hope, and even spiritedness may play important roles on the road to virtue. However, shame is the only one that Aristotle repeatedly associates with moral progress. The reason is that shame can move young agents to perform good actions and avoid bad ones in ways that appropriately resemble not only the external behavior but also the orientation and receptivity to moral value characteristic of virtuous people. By turning their attention to considerations about the perceived nobility and praiseworthiness of their own actions and character, shame places young people in the path to becoming good. Although they are not yet virtuous, learners with a sense of shame can appreciate the value of the noble and guide their actions by a true interest in doing the right thing. Shame, thus, enables learners to perform virtuous actions in the right way before they have practical wisdom or stable dispositions of character. This proposal solves a long-debated problem concerning Aristotle’s notion of habituation by showing that shame provides motivational continuity between the actions of the learners and the virtuous dispositions that they will eventually acquire.
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Book chapters on the topic "Protic solvents"

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Anouti, Mérièm. "Room-Temperature Molten Salts: Protic Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents as Media for Electrochemical Application." In Electrochemistry in Ionic Liquids, 217–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13485-7_7.

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Haupt, Karsten. "Noncovalent Molecular Imprinting of a Synthetic Polymer with the Herbicide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid in the Presence of Polar Protic Solvents." In ACS Symposium Series, 135–42. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1998-0703.ch009.

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Ebel, Christine. "Solvent Mediated Protein–Protein Interactions." In Protein Interactions, 255–87. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35966-3_9.

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Welinder, Karen G. "Proteolytic Cleavage in RP-HPLC Solvents." In Methods in Protein Sequence Analysis · 1986, 339–44. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-480-1_25.

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Abbott, Bill. "Profit and Solvency in General Insurance." In A Guide to Insurance Management, 290–303. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07495-2_18.

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Luchko, Tyler, and David A. Case. "Implicit Solvent Models and Electrostatics in Molecular Recognition." In Protein-Ligand Interactions, 171–89. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527645947.ch9.

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Pitacco, Ermanno. "Solvency Margin and Profit in Life Insurance." In Insurance and Risk Theory, 435–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4620-0_31.

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Komatsu, Hideyuki. "A Solvent Model of Nucleotide–Protein Interaction—Partition Coefficients of Phosphates Between Water and Organic Solvent." In The Role of Water in ATP Hydrolysis Energy Transduction by Protein Machinery, 87–99. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8459-1_6.

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Pines, Ehud, and Dina Pines. "Proton Dissociation and Solute-Solvent Interactions Following Electronic Excitation of Photoacids." In Ultrafast Hydrogen Bonding Dynamics and Proton Transfer Prosesses in the Condensed Phase, 155–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0059-7_7.

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Wallqvist, Anders, Emilio Gallicchio, Anthony K. Felts, and Ronald M. Levy. "Detecting Native Protein Folds among Large Decoy Sets with the OPLS All-Atom Potential and the Surface Generalized Born Solvent Model." In Computational Methods for Protein Folding, 459–86. New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471224421.ch8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Protic solvents"

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Gornostaev, Leonid, Darya Tropina, Evgenia Slyusareva, Alena Merezhko, and Marina Gerasimova. "Spectroscopic behavior of pyrrolanthrone and its derivative in aprotic and protic solvents." In XIII International Conference on Atomic and Molecular Pulsed Lasers, edited by Andrei M. Kabanov and Victor F. Tarasenko. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2303545.

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Kumar, Anil, Basappa, N. Hanumanthraju, and C. G. Renuka. "Fluorescence relaxation and rotational dynamics of 3,3’-NBC-one in polar protic solvents." In NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS: NCPCM2020. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0060852.

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Vervald, Alexey M., Evgeny A. Ekimov, Oleg S. Kudryavtsev, Igor I. Vlasov, and Tatiana A. Dolenko. "The influence of boron doped nanodiamonds on hydrogen bonds in suspensions of protic solvents." In Saratov Fall Meeting 2015, edited by Elina A. Genina, Valery V. Tuchin, Vladimir L. Derbov, Dmitry E. Postnov, Igor V. Meglinski, Kirill V. Larin, and Alexander B. Pravdin. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2229764.

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Lahmani, F., E. Bréhéret, O. Benoist d’Azy, A. Zehnacker-Rentien, and J. F. Delouis. "Time dependent fluorescence properties of the excited state of donor-acceptor substituted biaryls in protic solvents." In The 54th international meeting of physical chemistry: Fast elementary processes in chemical and biological systems. AIP, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.50151.

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Dračínský, Martin, Petr Jansa, Jana Chocholoušová, Jaroslav Vacek, Soňa Kovačková, and Antonín Holý. "The mechanism of isotopic exchange reaction of hydrogen H-5 of uracil derivatives in water and in non-protic solvents." In XVth Symposium on Chemistry of Nucleic Acid Components. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css201112323.

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Farsinezhad, Samira, Prashant Waghmare, Benjamin D. Wiltshire, Saeid Amiri, Sushanta K. Mitra, and Karthik Shankar. "The Wetting Behavior of TiO2 Nanotube Arrays With Perfluorinated Surface Functionalization." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39395.

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A facile electrochemical anodization method was used for producing hierarchically textured surfaces based on TiO2 nanotubes in two different configurations. It was found that perfluoro-functionalized TiO2 nanotubes exhibit high static contact angles for a variety of liquids such as apolar, polar aprotic and polar protic solvents. Wenzel and Cassie-Baxter theories were applied for theoretical contact angle calculations for the present study. By using Cassie theories, it is shown that a drop of polar liquid was in a fakir or Cassie-Baxter (CB) state on perfluoro-functionalized nanotube surfaces. The fakir state prevents spreading of the liquid on the surface. On the other hand, the wetting of non-polar liquids such as hexane is characterized by either Wenzel states or transition states characterized by partial imbibition that lie in between the CB and Wenzel states.
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Gauduel, Y. "Ultrafast concerted electron-proton transfers in a protic molecular liquid." In Ultrafast reaction dynamics and solvent effects. AIP, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.45407.

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Piccoli, Vinicius, and Leandro Martínez. "Solvation of different folding states of ubiquitin by EMIMDCA: a study using minimum distance distribution functions." In VIII Simpósio de Estrutura Eletrônica e Dinâmica Molecular. Universidade de Brasília, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21826/viiiseedmol202043.

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Ionic liquids are versatile solvents that have been used in various applications: as green solvents, catalysts, and in biotechnological systems. The optimization of ionic liquids use can be achieved by an understanding of its behavior in chemical systems. Here, the interaction between EMIMDCA and four different folding states of the ubiquitin is studied by the computation of minimum-distance distribution functions from molecular dynamics. In all systems presented here, EMIMDCA solvates the protein preferentially for all types of structures simulated, indicating a denaturation behavior in the presence of ubiquitin. The affinity of EMIMDCA to the protein conformations, with more residues exposed to the solvent, is related to the interactions of the ions with, manly, the apolar residues. Hence, we will show that as the protein structure becomes more open, the interactions between the ions and the protein start to have more influence from the dispersive interaction than the hydrogen bonds.
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Anand, V. S., K. V. Vimal, and Susy Varughese. "Solvent Induced Shape Memory Behaviour of Sulfonated Poly Ether Ether Ketone (SPEEK)." In ASME 2012 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2012-7968.

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Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are a widely studied class of materials due to their numerous applications in various fields of engineering. They find applications in deployable structures, biomedical devices, adaptive optical devices, sensors and actuators, in textiles etc. Recent studies have shown shape memory behavior in many polymers. Sulfonated poly ether ether ketone (SPEEK) is an ionic polymer which is being extensively studied for its application in fuel cells as a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) polymer due to its relatively higher thermal and mechanical stability over other PEMs in addition to proton transport. Recent studies on a sulfonated ionomer, Nafion® which has only one broad reversible phase transition, can show tunable, multiple shape memory effects by deforming the polymer at different temperatures without compromising the shape fixity (Rf). This paper reports, for the first time, the swelling (in solvents) induced shape memory behavior observed in SPEEK. The study was motivated by the preliminary observations of the response of SPEEK to solvent stimulus. SPEEK samples of varying degrees of sulfonation (DS) were prepared by the sulfonation of poly ether ether ketone (PEEK). The shape fixation and recovery rates (Rr) of the polymer under different temperatures and solvent conditions are reported. A comparative study of the shape memory response of the material with varying DS was also carried out. We also report for the first time the potential use of the parallel plate geometry of a rheometer for estimating the force during the shape recovery process. Visual demonstration of the shape memory effect is carried out using solvents at different temperatures.
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Sathyaruban, Sutharshiny, Shivatharsiny Yohi, and Sivashanthini Kuganathan. "Determination Of Proximate Composition And Crude Yeild Of Shrimp Shells(Peneaus Semisulcatus)." In 2nd International Conference on Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. Acavent, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/2nd.icrset.2019.11.777.

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The present study was carried out to determine the proximate composition of green tiger prawn and to select the suitable solvent system for carotenoid extraction. Samples (P. semisulcatus) were purchased from the landsites and transported to the laboratory in an ice box. The whole shrimp were peeled manually, and the residues, consisting head, tail and shells are separated. The moisture content, total lipid, protein, and ash content were quantified using standard methods. Weight of extracted crude of shrimp shells and retention factor (Rf) for the shrimp shell powder were determined using different pure and mixed organic solvents. Moisture content of the fresh shrimp shells was found to be 76.40 ± 0.92 %. In the present study, quantification showed that the shrimp shells are significantly rich in ash content (25.52 ± 0.06 % in dry weight). Significantly (p < 0.05) the highest crude yield of 10.24 ± 0.02 % was obtained from shrimp shells, when the dried shrimp shells powder was dissolved with the mixture of acetone and ethanol (1:1) than the other solvents. The lowest crude yield (2.32 ± 0.01 %) was extracted with ether. The highest Rf was obtained when the shrimp shell crude was dissolved with the mixture of acetone and ethanol (1:1). It can be recommended from our findings that the dried shrimp shells of Peneaus semisulcatus would be directly utilized for formulations of poultry animal feeds and sea cucumber juvenile feeds due to its high ash content. The mixture of the acetone and ethanol (1:1) would be the better choice for obtaining the highest crude yield from the shrimp shells.
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Reports on the topic "Protic solvents"

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Barbara, Paul F., Gilbert C. Walker, and Terrance P. Smith. Vibrational Modes and the Dynamic Solvent Effect in Electron and Proton Transfer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada250727.

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Logan, Thomas P., and David A. Sartori. Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Sulfur Mustard and 2-Chloroethyl Ethyl Sulfide in Selected Solvents. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada411995.

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