Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Protiste'
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El, Safadi Dima. "Epidémiologie moléculaire, facteurs de risque de transmission et pathogénicité du protiste parasite Blastocystis sp." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S045/document.
Full textBlastocystis sp. is an anaerobic parasitic protozoa found in the digestive tract of humans and numerous animals. To date, it is the most common intestinal parasite found in human feces with worldwide distribution. Seventeen subtypes (ST1-ST17) have been described based on the comparison of SSU rRNA gene sequences. Blastocystis infection is associated with various gastrointestinal disorders and many studies suggest a correlation between Blastocystis STs and pathogenicity. My work was developed on three different topics. The first concerned the prevalence and the genetic biodiversity of the parasite in human populations. Epidemiological studies were conducted in France and Lebanon but also in Africa by performing the first survey of this parasite in Senegal. Subtyping of the isolates was performed by real-time PCR targeting a domain of the SSU rRNA gene followed by direct sequencing of the PCR product. In Lebanon, the prevalence of Blastocystis reached 20% in the general population and we demonstrated a correlation between ST1 infection and the presence of symptoms. In the same country, this prevalence was 60% in schoolchildren and patients presenting gastrointestinal symptoms. Strikingly, the prevalence of Blastocystis in a population of one hundred children living in a rural area reached 100% in Senegal and more than half of the infected children by the parasite presented gastrointestinal disorders. These latter studies highlighted the socioeconomic impact of blastocystosis in developing countries with poor hygiene sanitation. In France, a large-scale molecular epidemiological study was performed including patients presenting or not gastrointestinal symptoms. Stool samples were collected during winter and summer in 11 hospitals spread all over the French territory. We observed a high prevalence of Blastocystis in the french population with an average of 18.2% and the predominance of ST3 followed by ST1, ST4 and ST2 as in numerous countries. We also identified seasonal variations since the average prevalence of the parasite is 13.6% in winter and 23.1% in summer. The second topic focused on the identification of the risk factors of Blastocystis transmission to humans. We searched this parasite in bovid and human stools as well as in drinking water samples consumed by bovids and breeders in a limited geographic area of North-Lebanon. 30% of human samples, 69% of water samples and 80% of bovid samples were positive for the parasite. Interestingly ST3 is predominant in human and water samples followed by ST1, ST2 and ST4. ST10 and ST14 were predominant in bovid but both STs are lacking in human and water samples. To explain the lack of ST10 and ST14 in human and water samples, we suggested a transmission of these STs occurring through direct contact between bovid and / or the absence of transmissible cystic forms of these STs. Furthermore, this parasite was searched in the stools of numerous animal groups in the zoo of La Palmyre in France. We showed that nearly 40% of the analyzed stools were positive for Blastocystis and identified new reservoirs of human infections in carnivores. The prevalence of the parasite reached 60% in primates in which the identified ST1 to ST5 are identical to those observed in humans confirming the limited host specificity of these STs. In another study, we showed that the prevalence of Blastocystis was of only 3.5% in a population of one hundred dogs in France suggesting that this pet is not a natural host of Blastocystis. Finally, to clarify the pathogenicity of this parasite, the third topic highlighted the invasive character of Blastocystis observed in a case of appendicular peritonitis in a 9-year old girl returning from Morocco. Only Blastocystis was detected in stools, appendix, peritoneal liquid and Douglas pouch of the patient. Interestingly, simultaneous gastroenteritis occurred in 26 members of the child’s family suggested an outbreak with contaminated water as probable origin
Rodríguez, Giner Caterina. "Spatial, temporal and behavioral patterns of marine protists = Patrons espaials, temporals i de comportament dels protistes marins." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666998.
Full textEls oceans són ecosistemes dominats per microorganismes. Entre ells, els protistes (organismes eucariotes unicel·lulars) tenen un paper fonamental en diverses funcions imprescindibles per al sistema marí, principalment com a productors primaris i depredadors, i per tant juguen un paper clau en les xarxes tròfiques marines. Degut a la seva importància ecològica, es necessària la caracterització de les comunitats de protistes al llarg del temps i l'espai per tal d'entendre la seva dinàmica així com els seus patrons biogeogràfics. Això ens permetrà inferir els processos que governen l'estructura de les comunitats de protistes. En aquest context, la present tesi aborda la variabilitat de les comunitats naturals de protistes fent èmfasi en la seva distribució i resposta a diferents nivells. Primerament, ens hem centrat en la dimensió temporal, analitzant les dinàmiques de les comunitats de pico- i nanoeucariotes amb la finalitat de caracteritzar les diverses estratègies utilitzades pels diferents membres de la comunitat, així com també predir la recurrència dels patrons observats. S'ha identificat que, en conjunt, la comunitat de protistes segueix un patró anual, i també s'ha trobat un patró semblant per a algunes de les espècies, generalment les més abundants. Posteriorment, hem adreçat la dimensió espaial, avaluant com canvien les comunitats i l'activitat dels grups taxonòmics al llarg de la columna d'aigua en 13 estacions repartides pels diferents oceans de tot el món. S'ha observat que la comunitat està marcada per l'estratificació vertical i, a més, que la capa mesopelàgica és la regió on la majoria dels grups taxonòmics semblen estar més metabòlicament actius. Un altre nivell d'estudi d'aquesta tesi ha estat la resposta dels protistes davant la presència de senyals químics. L'oceà és un ecosistema complex on els nutrients estan distribuïts de manera heterogènia en diferents àrees, i això provoca l'existència de gradients químics que poden desencadenar diverses respostes dels microorganismes. Per tal d'identificar les respostes individuals dels protistes es van realitzar experiments de quimiotaxi. Els resultats experimentals van demostrar l'existencia d'una preferència d'alguns atractants químics com els exudats de bacteris, envers uns altres. Finalment, degut a que la majoria d'estudis de diversitat microbiana estan basats en abundàncies relatives de les diferents espècies presents a la mostra, s'han relacionat aquestes abundàncies amb les abundàncies reals. En resum, aquesta tesis profunditza en els patrons temporals i espaials de les comunitats de protistes, així com en les preferències quimiotàctiques dels diferents membres, contribuint a ampliar el nostre coneixement sobre els processos que estructuren les comunitats de protistes en la seva dimensió temporal, espaial i conductual.
Castillo, de la Peña Yaiza M. "Interactions between marine picoeukaryotes and their viruses one cell at a time = Interacciones entre picoeucariotas marinos y sus virus célula a célula." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668341.
Full textSe han realizado muchos estudios sobre el rol de los virus en ambientes marinos desde el punto de vista de comunidad global, pero es esencial que vayamos hacía una visión más específica de relación virus─hospedador. Por ello, en esta tesis implementamos y aplicamos diferentes metodologías para estudiar interacciones virus─hospedador, centrándonos en picoeucariotas marinos ya que se conoce muy poco de ellos en poblaciones naturales. En el primer capítulo implementamos la técnica VirusFISH, permitiendo detectar dinámicas específicas virus─hospedador eucarióticos, usando como modelo Ostreococcus tauri y su virus OtV5. VirusFISH permitió monitorizar la infección, cuantificar en un cultivo no axénico los virus libres producidos durante la lisis y calcular el tamaño de explosión. Este estudio estableció la base para la aplicación de VirusFISH en muestras naturales. En el segundo capítulo aplicamos VirusFISH en muestras de agua natural para estudiar las dinámicas de infección en Ostreococcus. Cuantificamos el porcentaje de células infectadas durante un ciclo estacional y lo comparamos con las actividades transcripcionales de virus y Ostreococcus spp. Este constituye el primer estudio donde se visualiza y monitoriza una interacción específica virus─hospedador en el tiempo en un sistema natural. En el tercer capítulo descubrimos nuevas relaciones virus─hospedador en células no cultivadas, analizando genomas amplificados individuales de picoeucariotas, encontrando que la mayoría de las células presentaron al menos un virus. Estas secuencias víricas se encontraron preferentemente en el máximo profundo de clorofila, algunas de ellas ampliamente distribuidas por los océanos y otras constreñidas geográficamente. Además, encontramos un virofago mavirus potencialmente integrado en dos linajes distintos, sugiriendo que los virofagos son más comunes de lo que se pensaba. En resumen, hemos implementado y usado técnicas que nos han permitido detectar y monitorizar interacciones específicas virus─hospedador, uno de los mayores retos en la ecología microbiana marina. Por un lado, VirusFISH surge como una técnica potente que puede ser fácilmente adaptada a cualquier sistema virus─hospedador del cual tengamos el genoma secuenciado. Por otro lado, los resultados obtenidos con la genómica de célula individual muestran la oportunidad de formular hipótesis basadas en interacciones virus─hospedador detectadas en picoeucariotas marinos no cultivados, que pueden ser posteriormente testadas mediante aproximaciones experimentales.
De, Schryver Vera. "Mixotrophy and pelagic ecosystem dynamics." Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0045/document.
Full textProtist species were traditionally classified morphologically as either „plants“ or „animals“, based on the absence or presence of chloroplasts. State of science is that a high number of protist species carrychloroplasts but are nutritionally able to employ both autotrophy (photosynthesis) and heterotrophywithin a single cell. This combination of autotrophic and heterotrophic mode of nutrition within a single species is named mixotrophy. In protists, heterotrophy can be realized either by the uptake of food particles (e.g. bacterial prey) through phagocytosis or by the uptake of dissolved organic compounds (i.e.osmotrophy). Mixotrophy is globally and increasingly described in protists from all types of aquatic habitats. Plankton ecologists nowadays assess mixotrophy among the traditionally typified “phyto”plankton and mikro”zoo”plankton species as regularity. Nevertheless, detection and quantification of mixotrophy is still a methodological challenge. In this study, we focused on mixotrophy in marine phytoplankton species and put emphasis on its phagotrophic nutrition from heterotrophic bacterial prey. State of the art methodology was tested to visualize mixotrophy in single phytoplankton cells. Catalyzedreported deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization (Card-FISH), using 16S ribosomal RNA probes,was employed based on existing protocols for bacteria and protists. The method proved to be a valuable tool to visualise bacterial phylogenetic groups in association with phytoplankton by epifluorescence microscopy without need for prior isolation of cells or interference with the microbial association.However, the method failed to visualize mixotrophy in phytoplankton since the general eubacterial probe(EUB338) hybridised a broad range of phytoplankton species making it impossible to discriminate fluorescent signals originating from bacterial or phytoplankton tissue. Background of these studies is phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria being major competitors for dissolved inorganic nutrients. In case that bacterial growth is carbon limited, increasing concentrations of degradable dissolved organic carbon (DOC) enhance bacterial growth and consumption of dissolved nutrients and there by negatively affect autotrophic phytoplankton growth. Bacteria consuming mixotrophic phytoflagellates, however, may gain in importance in such situations since DOC provokes higher bacterial prey supply.In addition, our results indicate a potential positive effect of temperature on O. minima´s heterotrophic nutrition mode, and indicate a potential increasing contribution of mixotrophic species to phytoplankton communities under increasing sea surface water temperatures
Mitsi, Konstantina 1990. "Eukaryotic diversity through the lens of metabarcoding and metagenomics." Doctoral thesis, TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671809.
Full textEukaryotes encompass an unprecedented diversity of forms, sizes and lifestyles. However, tackling the real breadth of that diversity is a challenging task. In the last decades, the assessment of biodiversity has seen substantial progress due to the incorporation of culture-independent techniques based on Next Generation DNA Sequencing. This thesis is a composition of three independent projects that implement these techniques aiming to expand our understanding of the extant eukaryotic biodiversity. In the first project, we obtain the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of Txikispora philomaios, an uncultured unicellular parasite, using a metagenomic approach. We define the phylogenetic position of T.philomaios that branches within Filasterea, a group of unicellular eukaryotes that is closely related to animals and is key to elucidate the transition to animal multicellularity. Despite T.philomaios possessing a reduced genome in comparison to other Filasterea, it has a complete flagellar toolkit and its genome encodes many proteins that are related to multicellularity in animals. In the second project, we seek undescribed molecular diversity inside the phylum Platyhelminthes, one of the most diverse and biomedically important animal phyla. To this end, we analyze global metabarcoding data of the 18S rDNA gene from marine and freshwater habitats. Our results show that a large part of the molecular diversity of Platyhelminthes remains undocumented and identify freshwater environments as potential reservoirs for novel species of flatworms. Finally, in the third project, we investigate the molecular novelty, the taxonomic composition and the structure of the eukaryotic community in Sanabria Lake by sequencing the V4 hypervariable region of the 18S rDNA gene. We show to which extent the choice of the analytical methods (ASVs or OTUs) affects the final results and conclusions of a biodiversity survey. Altogether, our results broaden our perspective of eukaryotic diversity and enhance our understanding of the distribution, the ecology, the molecular novelty and the genomic traits of eukaryotes
Cai, Ruibo. "Hidden species diversity and the potential for sexual reproduction in the species complex Amoebophrya ceratii (Syndiniales), parasites of marine dinoflagellates." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS509.
Full textParasitism is a frequent lifestyle in nature and a major source of evolutionary pressure for both hosts and their parasites. Dinoflagellates are successful marine protists found in oceans worldwide, some of which are responsible for toxic blooms while others live in mutualistic relationships with myriad of corals. Amoebophrya ceratii species complex (Syndiniales) includes a large number of parasites which have the potential for regulating dinoflagellate blooms. A high sequence diversity has been observed for this group in both cultures and environmental investigations. This thesis was aimed to answer whether the sequence diversity represents the species diversity. Based on a polyphasic approach involving genetic and phenotypic characters applied on 119 closely related individuals, all able to infect the same host species (the bloom-forming dinoflagellate Scrippsiella trochoidea), I defined 8 ribotypes which likely correspond to different species. These results advocated for considering unique sequences (i.e., with any nucleotide differences) of 18S-V4 or 18S-V9 (small subunit ribosomal RNA genes) regions for species delimitation rather than grouping them into operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Then I investigated the existence of a set of genes specifically involved in meiosis in two fully sequenced genomes and thereby provided the in silico evidence that sexual reproduction may occur in Amoebophrya. I observed that these genes over-expressed during the free-living stage of the parasite, providing an interesting track to explore. Overall, this thesis offers new insights into the highly underestimated species diversity in Amoebophyra lineage and lays the basis for further study on their biological traits
Boëchat, Iola Gonçalves. "Biochemical composition of protists." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15184.
Full textHeterotrophic protists are an important link between the microbial and the classical food web. However, little is known about their biochemical composition and nutritional quality as prey. In this thesis, I analysed (1) whether the biochemical composition of the protists depends on their dietary resources (bacterial or algal food) or trophic mode (autotrophy, mixotrophy or heterotrophy), and (2) whether the biochemical composition of protists determines their nutritional quality as prey for a rotifer species (Keratella quadrata). The fatty acid, sterol, and amino acid composition of four heterotrophic protists generally resembled the dietary composition, but the protists accumulated these compounds. Moreover, the trophic mode strongly affected the composition of a flagellate (Ochromonas sp.), especially that of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). When investigating the nutritional quality of four protist species for K. quadrata, several PUFAs, three sterols (desmosterol, ergosterol, stigmastanol), and one amino acid (leucine) of the protists were significantly correlated with the rotifer’s egg production. Moreover, the nutritional quality of a heterotrophic flagellate for the rotifer was significantly enhanced by artificially supplementing the flagellate with a PUFA (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA). The thesis highlights the ability of heterotrophic protists to modify the biochemical composition of organic matter at an early stage in aquatic food webs, i.e. at the interface between algae/bacteria and mesozooplankton. Biochemical modifications at this stage may profoundly affect matter and energy transfer through the entire food web.
Murer, Laurete. "OCORRÊNCIA DE AGENTES PATOGÊNICOS EM FEZES DE BUGIOS-RUIVOS, Alouatta guariba clamitans (PRIMATES), EM UMA ÁREA IMPACTADA PELA FEBRE AMARELA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5312.
Full textBrown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) occur in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest from the states of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande do Sul, and in a small area in northestern Argentina. They are classified as Vulnerable in the state of Rio Grande do Sul due especially to the loss and fragmentation of their natural habitats, and also due to the deaths caused by the recent outbreak of sylvatic yellow fever (2008/2009). The intense human activities on natural habitats, besides the habitat loss, can favor the spread of pathogenic agents such as bacteria and other parasites which affect men and domestic animals, and which can also occur in wildlife animals. This study aimed at verifying the occurrence of Enterobacteriaceae and Cryptosporidium sp. in feces of free-ranging brown howler monkeys in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and understanding the influence of ecological and environmental factors (group size, howler population density, fragment size, distance to the nearest human settlement, distance to the nearest river and seasonality) on the richness of such organisms. The samples were analyzed at the Center for Studies and Research on Wild Animals (NEPAS / LCDPA) of the Federal University of Santa Maria. Twenty Enterobacteriaceae species were detected, and with the techniques employed, the samples were negative for Salmonella spp. and Cryptosporidium sp. None of the environmental variables had significant influence on the wealth of Enterobacteriaceae. Considering that howler populations at CISM (Campo de Instrução de Santa Maria) fell dramatically due to yellow fever, and that some organisms found in this study may interact with other factors and affect the population dynamics of the howler. We believe that it is fundamental to continue monitoring the health of these populations in order to better understand disease mechanisms, as well as conserve this species.
O bugio-ruivo (Alouatta guariba clamitans) ocorre na Mata Atlântica dos estados de Minas Gerais e Rio de Janeiro ao Rio Grande do Sul e em pequena porção do nordeste da Argentina. É classificado como vulnerável no Rio Grande do Sul devido principalmente à perda e fragmentação de habitat e ao recente surto de febre amarela silvestre (2008/2009). As intensas atividades antrópicas no meio selvagem, além da perda de habitat, podem favorecer a disseminação de agentes patogênicos como bactérias e parasitos, que ocorrem em animais domésticos e em humanos e que podem acometer também os animais selvagens. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a ocorrência de bactérias da família Enterobacteriaceae e do protista Cryptosporidium sp. em fezes de bugios-ruivos de vida livre no município de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, bem como relacionar a riqueza de enterobactérias nas amostras com fatores ecológicos e ambientais como tamanho do grupo, tamanho do fragmento florestal, densidade de populações de bugios, distância com núcleos humanos mais próximos, distância para cursos d água e sazonalidade. As amostras foram analisadas no Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Animais Silvestres (NEPAS/LCDPA) da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Foram detectadas vinte espécies de enterobactérias, e com as técnicas empregadas, as amostras foram negativas para Salmonella spp. e Cryptosporidium sp.. Nenhuma das variáveis ambientais analisadas teve influência sobre a riqueza das enterobactérias. Considerando que as populações de bugios do Campo de Instrução de Santa Maria (CISM) sofreram uma drástica redução devida à febre amarela, e que alguns organismos encontrados nesse estudo podem estar interagindo com outros fatores e assim afetar a dinâmica populacional dos bugios. Acredita-se que a continuidade do monitoramento da saúde destas populações seja fundamental para melhorar a compreensão dos mecanismos das doenças, assim como para a conservação dessa espécie.
Scoble, Josephine Margaret. "Diversity of silica-scaled protists." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7bc73ed7-418b-49de-963b-81407a7c3a49.
Full textDias, Roberto Júnio Pedroso. "Protistas Ciliados (Protista, Ciliophora) encontrados no Córrego São Pedro (Bacia do Rio Paraibuna), município de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais: taxonomia, morfologia, biomonitoramento e relações epibióticas." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2007. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4459.
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No presente trabalho, foram estudados os aspectos da taxonomia e morfologia dos protistas ciliados encontrados no córrego São Pedro (Juiz de Fora, MG), bem como o potencial destes microorganismos como indicadores da qualidade da água e ainda os aspectos ecológicos das relações epibióticas entre os ciliados e alguns macroinvertabrados bentônicos. A presente dissertação está dividida em sete capítulos. No capítulo 1, foi realizado o inventário dos ciliados encontrados em cinco estações amostrais do córrego, durante um ano de estudo, e foi observada a sucessão destes protistas em laboratório. Foram identificadas 42 espécies de ciliados e caracterizou-se morfologicamente Apoamphisiella sp. nov. (Spirotrichea, Amphisiellidae). No capítulo 2, foi descrito um doublet do tipo imagem espelhada em Gastrostyla setifera (Spirotrichea, Oxytrichidae), obtida de amostras de água e sedimento de uma estação amostral do córrego São Pedro. O capítulo 3 registra a presença de Neobursaridium gigas (Oligohymenophorea, Neobursaridiidae) no córrego e apresenta uma revisão dos aspectos morfológicos, ecológicos e da distribuição geográfica deste ciliado. No capítulo 4, verificou-se a influência da poluição orgânica sobre a composição e a distribuição da taxocenose de protistas ciliados ao longo do córrego, com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade da água deste sistema lótico. Durante o estudo de um ano, em cinco estações amostrais ao longo do córrego, foram encontradas 39 espécies de protistas ciliados, das quais 32 estão incluídas no sistema sapróbio e são consideradas bioindicadoras. A composição e a distribuição da taxocenose de protistas ciliados variaram espacial e temporalmente. O índice sapróbio e o índice de valência sapróbia foram utilizados para avaliar a qualidade da água das cinco estações amostrais e demonstraram o alto grau de poluição das estações 4 e 5. Os dados obtidos confirmam que, em águas correntes, a poluição orgânica parece ser um fator determinante, capaz de influenciar a composição, a distribuição e a estrutura trófica da taxocenose de protozoários ciliados. Os capítulos seguintes versam sobre as associações epibióticas dos protistas ciliados com moluscos, oligoquetas e larvas de insetos. No capítulo 5, foram registradas sete espécies de ciliados sobre as conchas de Pomacea figulina, sendo seis pertencentes à subclasse Peritrichia: Carchesium polypinum, Vorticella microstoma, Vorticella campanula, Epistylis plicatilis, Epistylis sp., Opercullaria sp. e uma pertencente à subclasse Suctoria: Hypophrya fasciculata. Os resultados são discutidos em termos das vantagens e desvantagens desta relação para os protistas ciliados e dos aspectos ecológicos envolvidos nesta associação. No capítulo 6, foram investigados o sítio de localização e o padrão de distribuição espacial e temporal de protistas ciliados peritríquios do gênero Rhabdostyla colonizando oligoquetas límnicos tubificídeos da espécie Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae) nas cinco estações amostrais do córrego, ao longo de 11 meses de coleta. O padrão de ocorrência dos epibiontes sobre os oligoquetas apresentou heterogeneidade espacial e temporal. Os resultados são discutidos em termos das possíveis causas da localização dos ciliados preferencialmente na região posterior dos oligoquetas e dos fatores relacionados ao padrão de distribuição espacial e temporal heterogêneo. E finalmente, o capítulo 7 relata a ocorrência de Rhabdostyla chironomi (Ciliophora, Peritrichia) sobre larvas de Chironomus decorus (Diptera, Chironomidae) no córrego e reporta, ainda, os fatores envolvidos na localização dos ciliados sobre os túbulos abdominais dos hospedeiros e a possível utilização desta relação como indicadora da qualidade da água.
In the present study, both taxonomy and morphology aspects of the ciliate protists found in São Pedro stream (Juiz de Fora-MG), as well as their potential as water quality indicators were studied together with the ecological aspects of the epibiotic relation between the ciliate and some benthic macroinvertebrates. The present dissertation is divided into seven chapters. In chapter 1, the survey of ciliate protists was obtained from samples of water and sediment from the stream, during a hole year, and the succession of these protists was observed in laboratory. Forty-two ciliate species were identified and Apoamphisiella sp. n. (Spirotrichea, Amphisiellidae) was morfologically characterized. In chapter 2, mirror-image doublet was described in Gastrostyla setifera (Spirotrichea, Oxytrichidae), obtained from samples of water and sediment at the São Pedro stream. The Chapter 3 registers the presence of Neobursaridium gigas Balech, 1941 (Oligohymenophorea, Neobursaridiidae) in the stream and presents a revision of the morphological aspects of this ciliate, as well as its ecological and geographical distribution. In chapter 4, the influence of the organic pollution on both the composition and the distribution of the taxocenose of ciliate protists along the stream had the aim of evaluating the water quality of this lotic system. During the one year study, 39 ciliate protist species were found, 32 of which were included in the saprobic system and their potencial as indicators are considered. The composition and the distribution of the taxocenose of ciliate protist varied both spatial and seasonally. The saprobic index and the valency methods were used to evaluate the water quality at the five stations and they demonstrated the high degree of pollution on stations 4 and 5. Our results confirm that the organic load in watercourses may be a dominating factor capable of influencing the composition, distribution and trophic structure of the taxocenose of ciliate protist. The following chapters consider the epibiotic ciliate protist associations to mollusks, oligochates and insect larvae. In chapter 5, seven ciliate species were registered on the shells of Pomacea figulina, six of which belonging to the subclass Peritrichia: Carchesium polypinum, Vorticella microstoma, Vorticella campanula, Epistylis plicatilis, Epistylis sp., Opercullaria sp. and one belonging to the subclass Suctoria: Hypophrya fasciculata. Results are discussed in terms of the advantages and disadvantages of this relationship from the ciliate protist point of view, together with the ecological aspects involved in this association. In chapter 6, location ranch and both spatial and temporal distribution patterns of Rhabdostyla peritrichids were found colonizing limnic oligochaetes Tubificidae of the species Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri in the five amostral stations, during 11 months of collection. The occurrence pattern of the epibionts on the oligochaetes was spatial and seasonally heterogeneous. Results are discussed in terms of the possible causes for the site preference of the ciliates in the posterior region of the oligochaetes and factors related to the heterogeneous pattern of space and temporal distribution. Finally, chapter 7 registers the occurrence of Rhabdostyla chironomi (Ciliophora, Peritrichia) on Chironomus decorus larvae (Diptera, Chironomidae) in the stream and still it moderates the factors involved in the location of the ciliates on the ventral tubules of its hosts and the possible usage of this relationship as indicative of the water quality.
Lynch, Amber Carol. "Novel mitochondrial metabolism in excavate protists." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2016. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/80754/.
Full textRamond, Pierre. "Diversité fonctionnelle des protistes marins de l'écosystème côtier." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS210.
Full textProtists are the eukaryotic share of microbial communities. The distinct roles and adaptations of marine protists to their environment constitutes their functional diversity. Many marine protist have been discovered by DNA-based taxonomy, however the functional diversity of these organisms is unknown. In this project, the functional diversity of marine protist is studied by coupling a genetic survey (V4-18S rDNA) of various coastal ecosystems and a trait approach constituted of 13 traits. As a first step, in terms of functional redundancy, changes in the community of marine protists were tightly coupled with changes in functional diversity. These results contrasts with observations about prokaryotes and the distinct evolutionary process at stake are commented. The small size-fraction displayed a higher functional diversity probably influenced by a higher resource availability for this compartment. In a tidal front, the influence of the environment on marine protists is studied. The phototrophic protists presented a maximum of diversity at the front. The diversity maximum was influenced by dispersal (at an ecotone) but also by disturbance cycles which allowed to decrease competitive exclusion. Reversely, the diversity of heterotrophic protists was less structured by this environment, probably because their nutrition is related to biological interactions more than by the environment. In a last section, parasitism of a single dinoflagellate species was shown to be carried out by few specialized parasites. These results underline that the predation role of protistan communities might be dictated by specialized interactions involving heterotrophic protists and their prey
Torruella, i. Cortés Guifré. "Phylogeny and evolutionary perspective of Opisthokonta protists." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/286509.
Full textPer entendre l’origen dels Opistoconts (grup taxonòmic que conté animals, fongs i diversos llinatges protists emparentats) o inferir les seves transicions evolutives, és fonamental primer entendre les relacions filogenètiques entre les espècies existents en l’actualitat. La filogènia, particularment la filogenòmica, és el procediment vàlid per inferir relacions evolutives entre espècies, ja que la morfologia, les sinapomorfies moleculars o els canvis genètics singulars són arguments cíclics dependents del mostreig taxonòmic. Per aquesta raó hem fet servir dades genòmiques i transcriptòmiques per a construir un nou conjunt de dades format per dominis proteics de còpia única i els hem analitzat mitjançat diversos mètodes per prevenir errors sistemàtics. Hem pogut així confirmar la divisió entre Holomycota (Nucleariids, Opisthosporidia, quitridiomiciets i fongs) i Holozoa (Ichthyosporea, Filasterea, Choanomonada i Metazoa). També hem obtingut dades de RNAseq per situar espècies particularment ambigües com: Corallochytrium limacisporum la qual hem situat com a grup germà de Ichthyosporea, un altre grup holozou osmotròfic. Partint d’aquesta base filogenètica es pot començar a especular sobre les transicions evolutives entre els grups. No obstant, abans cal reconstruir els ancestres dels llinatges dels Opistoconts com també dels seus grups externs actuals: Apusomonadida i Breviatea. Els resultats indiquen que no existeix cap lligam definit entre els bacterívors ancestrals biflagelats (grup extern) i cap dels llinatges Opistoconts (grup d’interès). També que el darrer avantpassat comú dels Opistoconts probablement conservaria quasi tots els caràcters ancestrals com el moviment ameboide, filopodis, la fagotrofia, etc.; però seria uniflagel·lat, amb una forma cel·lular menys restringida pel tipus d’alimentació. Mitjançant la genòmica comparada hem estudiat les similituds entre grups no emparentats d’Opistoconts com els osmòtrofs amb paret cel·lular o les amebes filopodials nues. Per exemple, hem trobat que Ministeria vibrans (Filasterea) i C. limacisporum (Ichthyosporea) presenten un aparell flagel·lar fins ara desconegut amb un patró similar al que formen fongs i altres eucariotes. També que Ichthyosporea fa servir un material semblant a la quitina per construir la seva paret cel·lular. Aquestes similituds plantegen hipòtesis de convergència evolutiva o paral·lelisme entre llinatges propers que s’hauran de comprovar en un futur.
Cuvelier, Marie Laure. "New Insights into the Diversity, Distribution and Ecophysiology of Marine Picoeukaryotes." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/657.
Full textStefan, Luketa. "Таксономија тестатних амеба које насељавају маховине на подручју Источне Херцеговине." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2020. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=115037&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textDoktorska disertacija predstavlja taksonomsku studiju testatnih ameba Istočne Hercegovine baziranu isključivo na rezultatima sopstvenih istraživanja s obzirom da na ovom području testatne amebe do sada nisu proučavane, te ne postoje istorijske muzejske kolekcije. Na području Istočne Hercegovine registrovano je 40 vrsta testatnih ameba koje su svrstane u 10 familija i jedan rod bez jasnog mesta u klasifikacionom sistemu. Svi registrovani taksoni testatnih ameba su novi za faunu Bosne i Hercegovine. Ukupno je analizirano 24.549 jedinki, od čega su 23.242 jedinke pripadale grupi testatnih ameba sa lobopodijama (supergrupa Amoebozoa), a 1307 jedinki je pripadalo grupi testatnih ameba sa filopodijama (supergrupa Cercozoa). Najznačajniji rezultat ove disertacije je opis pet novih vrsta za nauku koje pripadaju rodovimaCentropyxis, Heleopera i Nebela. Morfotip označen kao C. cf. aerophila se od vrste C. aerophila razlikuje po tome što se na kraju ljušturice ne nalazi par krupnih čestica kvarca,a i ljušturica je nešto duža (46‒81 μm kod vrste C. aerophila prema 67‒ 88 μm kod vrste C. cf. aerophila). Morfotip označen kao C. cf. platystoma značajno se pre svega morfološki razlikuje od vrste C. platystoma, te je zaključeno da se radi o neopisanoj vrsti.U okviru roda Heleopera opisan je novi morfotip sličan vrsti H. rosea koji predstavlja novu vrstu za nauku. Morfometrijske razlike su relativne, tj. nisu strogo diskriminatorne, te se moraju kombinovati sa morfološkim razlikama koje su takođe teško yočljive. Naime, pored razlike u boji ljušturice, najbolji diskriminatorni morfološki karakter je opšti oblik ljušturice. LJušturice vrste H. rosea su robusnog oblika, dok su ljušturice vrste Heleopera cf. rosea znatno elegantnije ‒ uže su i imaju oblije ivice. Najveće morfometrijske razlike u indeksnim karakterima su zabeležene za odnos širine i dužine ljušturice i odnos širine aperture i širine ljušturice.Morfotip Nebela cf. collaris se od vrste N. collaris jasno razlikuje pre svega morfološki i ekološki, a morfometrijski veoma malo. Naime, najvažnija morfološka odlika koja morfotip N. cf. collaris razdvaja od vrste N. collaris su talasaste ivice ljušturice, a ekološka razlika se javlja u smislu da vrsta N. collaris naseljava zelene mahovine dok morfotip N. cf. collaris naseljava sfagnumske mahovine. Morfotip N. cf. tincta var. major se od morfotipa N. cf. collaris razlikuje pre svega po jasno izraženom suženju u delu blizu aperture, tj. izraženom vratu. Takođe, morfotip N. cf. tincta var. major nikada nema talasaste ivice ljušturice,dok se kod jedinki morfotipa N. cf. collaris ova karakteristika često jasno uočava.
The PhD thesis is a taxonomic study of testate amoebae from East Herzegovina based exclusively on the results of our own research, given that testate amoebae have not been studied in this region so far, and there are no historical museum collections. In the region of East Herzegovina,40 testate amoeba species have been registered, which are classified into 10 families and one genus without a clear place in the classification system. All registered testate amoeba taxa are new to the fauna of Bosnia and Herzegovina. A total of 24,549 individuals belonged to the group of testate amoebae with lobopodia (supergroup Amoebozoa), and 1307 individuals belonged to the group of testate amoebae with filopodia (supergroup Cercozoa). The most significant results of this PhD thesis are the descriptions of five new species for science belonging to the genera Centropyxis, Heleopera, and Nebela. The morphotype Centropyxis cf. aerophila differs from C. aerophila in that there is no large quartz particles at the shell end, and the shell is slightly longer (46‒81 μm in C. aerophila versus 67‒88 μm in C. cf. aerophila). The morphotype C. cf. platystoma differs significantly morphologically from C. platystoma, so it was concluded that it is an undescribed species. Within the genus Heleopera a new morphotype similar to H. rosea has been described, representing a new species for science. Morphometric differences are relative, i.e. they are not strictly discriminatory, and must be combined with morphological differences that are difficult to detect. Namely, in addition to the difference in the color of the shell, the best discriminatory morphological character is the general shell shape. Shells of H. rosea are red and robust in shape, while shells of H. cf. rosea are volet and much more elegant ‒ they are narrower and have rounded edges. The largest morphometric differences in the index characters were observed for shell width/shell length ratio and aperture width/shell width ratio. The morphotype Nebela cf. collaris clearly differs from N. collaris primarily morphologically and ecologically, but morphometrically very little. Namely, the most important morphological character that N. cf. collaris separates from N. collaris are the wavy edges of the shell, and the ecological difference occurs in the sense that N. collaris inhabits green mosses while N. cf. collaris inhabits Sphagnum mosses. The morphotype N. cf. tincta var. major from the morphotype N. cf. collaris differs primarily by a clearly pronounced narrowing in the part near the aperture, i.e. pronounced neck. Also, the morphotype N. cf. tincta var. major never has a wavy edge of the shell, while in N. cf. collaris this feature is often clearly observed.
Terrado, Ramon. "Diversité et succession des protistes dans l'océan Arctique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27849/27849.pdf.
Full textRachik, Sara. "Diversité et structure spatio-temporelle des communautés protistes dans deux systèmes côtiers aux conditions trophiques contrastées : cas de la Manche Orientale et la Méditerranée Occidentale." Thesis, Littoral, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018DUNK0476/document.
Full textIn marine ecosystems, protists play an important role as primary producers, predators or symbionts. Therefore studying their diversity and metabolic activity is fundamental for understanding the functioning of marine ecosystems. In order to achieve this goal, molecular approaches were coupled with microscopy analysis for an in depth examination of microbial communities diversity in two contrasting ecosystems (Eastern English Channel EEC and Mediterranean). The first study, conducted in the EEC, allowed to establish a precise overview of eukaryotic protists diversity over 4 years (from March 2011 to July 2015) and to examine the influence of environmental variables on their temporal distribution. The innovative approach used during this study was to sequence simultaneously rRNA and rDNA. This double targeting allowed calculating the rRNA : rDNA ratio and demonstrate that it could be an useful and significant parameter for measuring the relative cellular activity of the microbial community. We also showed the feasibility of using this rRNA : rDNA ratio as an indicator of ecological transitions of iconic microbial species (e.g. bloom of Phaeocystis globosa). Thus, calculation of this ratio for each individual OTU provided additional information that are essential for a better understanding of the functioning of the ecosystem and the influence of biotic parameters on the structuring of microbial communities, in particular in the context of global change. The second study was also conducted in the EEC on sequencing data obtained during the period 2011-2013. It aimed to highlight the relationships between eukaryotic parasites and other taxa as well as environmental parameters. This study revealed un unsuspected diversity of symbionts / decomposers in the EEC, and their importance for structuring microbial community and influence seasonal succession. More specifically, correlation network analysis showed the predominance of inter-taxa relations, over those between OTUs and abiotic parameters, and the central position of symbionts / decomposers in these relationships. This study highlighted the complexity and importance of microbial inteactions in the structuring of microbial communities while providing crucial information to better understand underlying lechanisms. The last study was conducted in the Western Mediterranean , at four stations located in the Golfe du Lion, subject to the influence of the Rhône River, over a period of two years. This study aimed to provide the most exhaustive list of eukaryotic protist diversity and to evaluate its spatial variability in relation with environmental variables. This study further underlined the effect of the Rh^ne on the structuring of microbial communities, particularly in the eastern part of the Golfe du Lion. Overall, thesis workhas reinforced, through combined aproaches of microscopy and molecular biology, our knowledge of the functioning, taxonomic diversity and succession of microbial species, in relation to environmental parameters, of two contrasted marine ecosystems
Georges, Clément. "Les communautés de protistes au sein d'un bloom phytoplanctonique dans la région naturellement fertilisée en fer des îles de Kerguelen (Océan Australe)." Thesis, Littoral, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DUNK0415.
Full textSince the 90s, studies on different HNLC areas allowed to investigated the biological and biogeochemical effects due to artificial or natural iron-enrichment. It is now well documented that iron enrichment induced phytoplankton blooms and more specifically diatom blooms. With the exception of diatoms, very few information is available concerning other protists groups e. g. heterotrophic protists which are consumers of phytoplankton.This work was performed is a natural iron-fertilization context in the Kerguelen Island area (Southern Ocean) during the KEOPS 2 (Kerguelen Ocean and Plateau compared Study 2) cruise at the beginning of the phytoplankton bloom and focused specifically on heterotrophic protists. Molecular (tag-pyrosequencing 454) and morphological (microscopy) approaches were used to characterize the structure of protist communities in the HNLC reference area and in the phytoplankton blooms. The molecular approach allowed (i) to provide a complete picture of the protist communities (ii) to evidence significant differences in protists structures between HNLC and the naturally iron-fertilized area, but also between the different blooms. Microscopic observation revealed similar trends between regions but also significant links between microzooplanctonic communities and their phytoplankton preys. Microscopic observations also provided biomass values from different compartments allowing an estimation of the potential of microzooplankton as phytoplankton consumer or as a nutrient source for mesozooplankton. Above all, this work represents the first study characterizing the global planktonic protists community in the context of natural iron fertilization
Weatherby, Anita J. "Species coexistence and community assembly in protist microcosms." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322945.
Full textBachy, Charles. "Phylogénie, diversité et dynamique temporelle chez les ciliés tintinnidés marins." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00769949.
Full textArmstrong, Evelyn. "Ecological studies of heterotrophic protists associated with seaweed surfaces." Thesis, University of London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286075.
Full textDufernez, Fabienne. "Les superoxyde dismutases des protistes : caractérisation et origine phylogénétique." Lille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL2S030.
Full textHersha, Deborah Kay. "Agricultural Effects on Protists Assemblage Structure in Headwater Streams." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1236463645.
Full textKlouch, Khadidja Zeyneb. "Paléoécologie des protistes à partir d'archives biologiques provenant d'écosystèmes marins côtiers." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066280/document.
Full textThe community composition of protist and their temporal dynamic are are traditionally studied by analyzing data sets of monitoring/observation networks, whose implementation is however relatively recent (≤40 years). In this study, we analyzed the biological traces (resting stages and ancient DNA) preserved in sediments covering a time scale of 150 years in order to study changes in the composition and the temporal dynamics of marine protists, focusing mainly on two estuarine ecosystems of the Bay of Brest (Brittany, France). Metabarcoding analyses showed that only a minor part (16-18%) of the protists richness (#OTUs) of superficial sediments is retrieved in deep sediments, and that most of the protists found in ancient sediments are known to produce resting stages. Two main paleocommunities were differentiated (before/after 1950), suggesting the existence of a distinct and specific biodiversity for the identified periods. The relative abundances of dinoflagellates showed a decreasing trend since the 70s' and Alexandrium and Gonyaulax genera showed an opposite dynamic in terms of relative abundance over the time. Paleogenetic data (real-time PCR) suggest that A. minutum is present in the Bay of Brest since at least 1873 ± 7 and that, across a time scale of about 150 years, the species has proliferated only recently in the estuaries of the bay. Moreover, real-time PCR data suggest that the south-eastern part of the bay, where muddy sediment are more abundant, is potentially more favorable for the accumulation of the species cysts. Ecophysiological analyses (growth rate, phosphorus assimilation rate, and maximal biomass attained) performed on dinoflagellate strains (A. minutum and Scrippsiella donghaienis) showed a strong phenotypic intraspecific variability for both species and for both analyzed media. The results of this thesis work contribute to the research in sedimentary paleoecology, showing the advantages and limits of this approach to reveal still underexplored biological patterns
Rajamani, Sathish. "Small molecule signaling and detection systems in protists and bacteria." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1155564098.
Full textFleck, Roland Alexander. "Mechanisms of cell damage and recovery in cryopreserved freshwater protists." Thesis, University of Abertay Dundee, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241751.
Full textNoël, Christophe. "Cytosquelette, morphogenèse et phylogénie d'un groupe de protistes, les parabasalia." Lille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIL2MT18.
Full textIn a first part of our study, we investigated the composition, function and morphogenesis of the microtubular cytoskeleton of the Parabasalia Trichomonas vaginalis. Two -tubulin genes have been cloned from this protist. Both -tubulin sequences showed high identity to those described in metazoa. In addition, the three-dimensional model of the Trichomonas vaginalis tubulin heterodimer was very similar to that of pig brain. Analysis of both - and -tubulin available sequences confirmed that microtubules are likely acetylated, non-tyrosinated, glutamylated and non-glycylated in Trichomonas vaginalis. Evolutionary considerations concerning the time of appearance of these tubulin post-traductional modifications are also proposed since parabasalids are potentially one of the earliest diverging eukaryotic lineages. In parallel, the behavior of microtubular structures during division has been followed by immunofluorescence in Trichomonas vaginalis using an anti--tubulin monoclonal antibody together with nuclear staining, allowing us to describe successive mitotic stages. We showed that the microtubular axostyle-pelta complex depolymerized during division and that the flagella were assembled during mitosis. Observation of griseofulvin-treated Trichomonas vaginalis cells revealed that the elongation of the mitotic spindle or paradesmosis was not the main motile force separating the daughter kinetids to opposite poles during division, suggesting the existence of other mechanisms and/or molecules involved in this morphogenetic event. Interestingly, “apoptotic-like bodies” were observed in griseofulvin-treated cells. Using mainly pro-apoptotic drugs, we have shown that a form of cell death with some features ressembling apoptosis was indeed present in the amitochondriate protist, Trichomonas vaginalis. The second part of our work was focused on the phylogenetic relationships among parabasalid taxa based on the comparison of SSU rRNA gene sequences. An updated molecular phylogeny was provided and compared to those inferred from ultrastructural data. Our trees reinforced previous statements indicating a necessary revision of the parabasalid systematic. In addition, SSU rRNA gene amplification and sequencing was used to identify, for the first time, Trichomonas vaginalis together with Pneumocystis carinii, in the lungs of a Human Immunodeficienvy Virus-positive patient. Finally, the last part of our study was focused on the phylogenetic analysis of two enzymes, class II fumarase and superoxyde dismutase, in several trichomonad species. From our analyses, we suggested that 1) class II fumarase genes from trichomonads emerged among eubacterial homologs but were not of alpha-proteobacterial origin like those of other eukaryotes and 2) genes encoding for dimeric iron-containing superoxide dismutases could be of apparent mitochondrial endosymbiotic origin in trichomonads. Additional evolutionary scenarios are discussed for both of these enzymes
Friedenberg, Laura Elizabeth. "Feeding dynamics of larval Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) on natural prey assemblages the importance of protists /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2009/L_Friedenberg_121409.pdf.
Full textTitle from PDF title page (viewed on Feb. 10, 2010). "School of Earth and Environmental Science." Includes bibliographical references (p. 31-34).
Chotteau-Lelièvre, Anne. "Identification de deux gènes de la famille des proto-oncogènes ets chez une annélide polychète, Nereis diversicolor." Lille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL10046.
Full textEdgar, Robyn. "Un premier aperçu de la diversité génétique de cinq microbes eucaryotique de l'océan arctique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26265.
Full textDespite their abundance, diversity, importance to primary production and the Arctic marine ecosystem, the genetic diversity of Arctic marine microbial eukaryotes remains relatively unknown. Recent molecular studies have shown that the species thriving in the Arctic are phylogenetically divergent from non-polar species of marine protists. To begin to understand the evolutionary history and genetic diversity of species from the Arctic Ocean, five Arctic microalgae isolates (a pelagophyte, dictyochophyte, chrysophyte, cryptophyte and haptophyte) were grown under a variety of conditions to generate transcriptomes of all five species and a draft genome of the pelagophyte. Analysis of the transcriptomic and genomic data of the pelagophyte revealed the genetic capacity to use organic nitrogen and live under low light conditions, similar to a temperate bloom-forming pelagophyte. A phylogenetic analysis of genes specific to both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic physiology provided insight into the evolutionary history of the pelagophyte and the other four Arctic marine protists.
Hamiliton, Kristina. "Infections of Clyde Sea crustaceans by the protist parasite Hematodinium." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498730.
Full textArias, Bulbena Anna. "Diel feeding rhythms in marine protistan grazers." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672410.
Full textLos ramoneadores protistas son un componente clave de las redes tróficas planctónicas marinas. Estos protistas marinos son los principales consumidores de producción primaria pelágica en los océanos y presentan, por lo tanto, un papel crucial en los ciclos biogeoquímicos marinos como intermediarios fundamentales de los flujos de energía y masa desde los productores primarios hacia niveles tróficos superiores. A pesar de su relevante papel en el sistema pelágico global, algunos aspectos clave relacionados con su comportamiento trófico son todavía poco conocidos. Entre estas características, los ritmos diarios de alimentación son de gran importancia, ya que representan el acoplamiento entre los ciclos de producción primaria y los ciclos de alimentación de sus depredadores y, en consecuencia, condicionan en gran medida el flujo de carbono mediado por los ramoneadores protistas marinos y la dinámica de las redes alimentarias planctónicas. Esta Tesis Doctoral tiene como objetivo profundizar en nuestro conocimiento de los ritmos de alimentación en los ramoneadores protistas marinos, estudiando su ocurrencia y los mecanismos que generan y modulan este comportamiento rítmico. Por ello, primeramente investigamos la presencia de ritmos diarios de alimentación en diversas especies de ramoneadores protistas heterotróficos y mixótrofos (los dinoflagelados Gyrodinium dominans, Oxyrrhis marina y Karlodinium armiger, y los ciliados Strombidium arenicola y Mesodinium rubrum). Luego, evaluamos como características intrínsecas de la presa (Rhodomonas salina), como son su fase de crecimiento y las variaciones diarias en su composición estequiométrica, así como también características propias de los ramoneadores, tales como su historia de alimentación previa y el momento de división celular, pueden ser factores causantes o bien reguladores de los ritmos diarios de alimentación en los protistas marinos. También investigamos el efecto de factores extrínsecos, como son la concentración de presas, la luz y el riesgo de depredación, sobre la actividad de alimentación rítmica de los protistas marinos. Finalmente, realizamos un estudio de campo sobre los ritmos de alimentación diarios de los ramoneadores protistas en un ecosistema natural, el Fiordo de Gullmar (Suecia). Como conclusiones principales de la presente Tesis Doctoral, encontramos que quizás no exista un mecanismo causal único que explique los diferentes patrones de ritmos diarios de alimentación en los ramoneadores protistas marinos. Nuestro estudio parece indicar que las especies de protistas marinos desarrollan ritmos diarios de alimentación condicionados, en gran medida, por sus características fisiológicas y de comportamiento, además de por las particularidades ecológicas de su hábitat de origen, las cuales determinarían los factores por los que este patrón de actividad puede ser modulado.
Els pastors protistes són un component clau de les xarxes alimentàries planctòniques marines. Aquests protistes marins constitueix el principal consumidor de la producció primària pelàgica en els oceans i presenta, per tant, un paper crucial en els cicles biogeoquímics marins com intermediaris fonamentals en els fluxos d’energia i de massa des dels productors primaris cap a nivells tròfics superiors. Tot i el seu rol rellevant en el sistema pelàgic global, alguns aspectes clau relacionats amb el seu comportament tròfic són encara poc coneguts. Entre aquestes característiques, els ritmes diaris d’alimentació són de gran importància, ja que representen l’acoblament entre els cicles de producció primària i els cicles d’alimentació dels seus depredadors i, en conseqüència, condicionen en gran manera el flux de carboni mediat pels pastors protistes marins i la dinàmica de la xarxa alimentaria planctònica. Aquesta Tesi Doctoral té com a objectiu aprofundir en el nostre coneixement sobre els ritmes d’alimentació diaris en els pastors protistes marins, estudiant la seva presencia i els mecanismes que generen i modulen aquest comportament rítmic. Així doncs, primerament vam investigar l’existència de ritmes diaris d’alimentació en diverses espècies de pastors protistes heterotròfics i mixòtrofs (els dinoflagel·lats Gyrodinium dominans, Oxyrrhis marina, i Karlodinium armiger, i els ciliats Strombidium arenicola i Mesodinium rubrum). Llavors, vam avaluar com característiques intrínseques de la presa (Rhodomonas salina), com són la fase de creixement i les variacions diàries en la seva composició estequiomètrica, així com també característiques pròpies dels pastors, com la seva història d’alimentació prèvia i el moment de divisió cel·lular, poden ser factors causants o bé reguladors dels ritmes diaris d’alimentació dels protistes marins. També vam avaluar l’efecte de factors extrínsecs, com són la concentració de presa, la llum i el risc de depredació, en l’activitat d’alimentació rítmica dels protistes marins. Finalment, vam portar a terme un estudi de camp per explorar els ritmes d’alimentació dels pastors protistes en un ecosistema natural (el Fiord de Gullmar, Suècia). Com a conclusions principals de la present Tesi Doctoral, vam trobar que potser no existeix un mecanisme causant únic dels ritmes diaris d’alimentació en pastors protistes marins. El nostre estudi sembla indicar que les espècies de protistes marins desenvolupen ritmes d’alimentació condicionats, en gran manera, per les seves característiques fisiològiques i de comportament, així com també de les particularitats ecològiques del seu hàbitat d’origen, les quals determinarien els factors pels quals el ritme és modulat.
Charvet, Sophie. "Diversité et dynamique des communautés de protistes dans le haut Arctique canadien." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30036/30036.pdf.
Full textThe Arctic region is a blend of stark windswept landscapes interwoven with a wide diversity of freshwater ecosystems. Presently confronted by temperature increases well above global average, causing changes in landscape and aquatic properties, the Arctic is a strategic area to study the impact of climate change on endogenous microbial communities. Ice is a crucial characteristic of Arctic ecosystems and has already begun to cross thresholds along the northern coastline of Ellesmere Island. In lakes, the effects of cold temperatures, variable irradiance and low inorganic nutrients combine to restrict primary production and growth of most organisms. The established richness of microorganisms present in these systems is due to the high diversity of their adaptive and nutritive strategies. Hence, the observed shifts in ice cover regimes of lakes will have impacts on their biological activity. Of these microbial components, the protists, unicellular eukaryotes, exploit a wide range of carbon and energy resources from phototrophy to predation and the combination of both, mixotrophy. The subject of this research was to determine the contribution of mixotrophs to protist community structure in Arctic lakes, and to develop knowledge of their potential response to the changing environmental conditions. Char Lake, Lake A and Ward Hunt Lake, three limnologically different lakes, were chosen to investigate the biodiversity of protists in August 2008. Microscopy, pigments and 18S gene clone libraries revealed a dominance of each lake by chrysophytes, prominent mixotrophic protists. At Lake A, the summer of 2008 was marked by a loss of ice-cover, creating atypical open-water conditions. High-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene revealed the contrast between the homogenous community structure within the ice-covered water column of May 2008, despite the sharp physico-chemical meromictic stratification within the lake, and the established spatial variability of the protist communities under the ice-free conditions of August 2008 and ice-covered conditions of July 2009. These results illustrate the importance of varying environmental factors, such as underwater irradiance, in shaping protist communities. To further examine the role of light and to investigate the impact of low prey resources, we conducted a light/dilution experiment at Ward Hunt Lake. Pyrosequencing of the V4 region of the 18S ribosomal RNA, along with the gene, showed taxonomic differences under the two light conditions, suggesting a divergence in the dominant type of mixotrophy, with dominance of primarily microflagellate grazers, the dinoflagellates, under low irradiance, and of bacterivorus chrysophytes in the high light treatment. This thesis research underscored the diversity of mixotrophs and their seasonal variations in Arctic lakes, and provided insights into the importance of environmental conditions on the mixotrophic strategy adopted by protist communities.
Mantini, Clea. "Identification, évolution et mort cellulaire chez un groupe de protistes, les Parabasalia." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00578013.
Full textGERBOD, DELPHINE. "Phylogenies d'un groupe de protistes, les parabasala, basees sur differents indicateurs moleculaires." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF22242.
Full textVan, der Heyden Sophie. "Testing ubiquitous dispersal and freshwater/marine divergence in free-living protist groups." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409856.
Full textSpingler, Kevin C. "The Temporal Variability in the Protist Community Structure in Port Everglades, Florida." NSUWorks, 1999. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/321.
Full textTong, Susan Mary. "The taxonomy and seasonal dynamics of heterotrophic flagellates in Southampton Water, U.K." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295903.
Full textVan, der Merwe Laurianne. "UDP-glucose: [beta]-(1-3)-glucan (paramylon) synthase from Euglena gracillis /." Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/722.
Full textLepère, Cécile. "Diversité, dynamique et facteurs de régulation des picoeurocaryotes dans les écosystèmes lacustres." Chambéry, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CHAMS005.
Full textThe composition and structure of small eukaryotes (size less than 5 mm was considered) were studied in several lakes which are characterised by contrasted trophic status, size, morphology and geography. The results allowed to obtain a first assessment of diversity and a first characterisation of lacustrine clades. The dynamics of these micro-organisms was studied during a two years long survey in an oligomesotrophic lake, allowing to observe both the seasonal changes and the relationships between modifications in small eukaryotes structure and changes measured for environmental parameters (physical, chemical, biological). Moreover, the relative importance of regulatory factors which affect small eukaryotes structure were tested using a mesocosms experimental approach. Cloning sequencing and T-RFLP were two molecular methods which were used to describe the composition and dynamics of the small eukaryote community both in ecosystemic and experimental approaches. Moreover, the TSA-FISH method was used to identify and count some specific groups of small eukaryotes. The results revealed a large diversity (number of phylogenetic groups) within the picoeukaryotic assemblage. The highest richness and diversity were reported for the mesotrophic lake. In all studied lakes, the small eukaryotes community was dominated by a small number of taxa, and sequences were mainly affiliated to heterotrophic groups. Among these heterotrophs, we highlight the importance of parasitic groups, mainly fungi and Perkinsozoa. On the basis of our data, the comparisons with small eukaryote groups observed in marine systems showed that the new clades found in oceanic systems (Stramenopiles and Alveolata) were not observed in lakes. Moreoever, large seasonal variations could be observed in the structure of small eukaryotes but, no seasonal reproducibility of small eukaryote community was observed from one year to the next
Bustamante, Díaz Jorge, Castillo Pedro Jesús Sánchez, and Dávila Miguel Alejandro Villanueva. "Diagnóstico operativo empresarial de la empresa Protisa." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/15863.
Full textThe productive operations in Peruvian industry represent one of the three strategic parts for business success, this situation it is reinforced when it is about production of goods because is not only the greatest amount of assets and investment, it is also the greatest amount of human labor force in the company. Therefore, it is important develop an operational diagnostic with business vision and identify strong points and attention focus where it will be possible add value to do the organization more competitive with a good longterm to the future. Protisa is the current leader in Peruvian market in products made from tissue paper and it has more than 20 years in the country and due to increase in demand it has decided to expand its operation by installing a new plant. The research is focused on the new Protisa facilities located in Cañete, 150 km south of Lima, and founded in 2017, at the date of this document this plant is the most modern in Latin America in tissue paper production and is designed to satisfy local demand and regional demand (exports). The research targets to make a recognition of all operations and identify opportunities where you can add value using concepts of operations acquired in the master's program, these opportunities are explained and represented in economic benefit reaching an annual accumulation of S/. 7,480,793 either by direct income (cost reduction) or intangible (productivity increase).
Tesis
Preisner, Harald [Verfasser]. "Cytoskelett-Analyse parabasalischer Parasiten: Die Präsenz potentieller Intermediärfilament-Proteine in Protisten / Harald Preisner." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1124978178/34.
Full textWöhle, Christian Verfasser], William F. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Martin, and Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Steger. "Evolutionäre und funktionelle Transkriptomanalyse der Protisten / Christian Wöhle. Gutachter: William Martin ; Gerhard Steger." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1054134979/34.
Full textLahr, Daniel José Galafasse. "Taxonomia dos Arcellinida Kent, 1880 (Protista: Ramicristates) do parque ecológico do rio Tietê." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-29092009-135940/.
Full textThe present survey explores the taxonomic, ecologic, morphologic, biometric and biogeographic aspects of the Arcellinida Kent, 1880 collected at the Ecological Park of the Tiete River, Sao Paolo Brazil. Around 30 nominal taxa were identified, however, a review of the literature and new morphologic data obtained via the Scanning Electron Microscope and biometric measures with a large number of individuals allow the inference that many of these taxa are referring to the same natural entity. Therefore, the present work describes species from four families and five genera, along with details about geographic distribution, ultra-structural morphology, morphometry and ecology: Difflugia corona Wallich, 1864; Difflugia gramen Penard, 1902; Difflugia lanceolata Penard, 1890; Difflugia claviformis Penard, 1899; Difflugia gigantea Chardez, 1967; Centropyxis aculeata (Ehrenberg, 1838); Netzelia wailesi (Ogden, 1980); Lesquereusia modesta Rhumbler, 1895; Lesquereusia mimetica Penard, 1911; Arcella hemisphaerica Perty, 1852; Arcella gibbosa Penard, 1890; Arcella discoides Ehrenberg, 1871 e Arcella brasiliensis Cunha, 1913. Taxonomic innovations are discussed in order to make comparison of recent data with those reported on traditional literature a more explicit practice, allowing a better understanding of each species taxonomic concept.
Wöhle, Christian [Verfasser], William F. [Akademischer Betreuer] Martin, and Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Steger. "Evolutionäre und funktionelle Transkriptomanalyse der Protisten / Christian Wöhle. Gutachter: William Martin ; Gerhard Steger." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1054134979/34.
Full textGrimonprez, Adrien. "Symbioses bactériennes chez les protistes ciliés des sédiments réduits de mangroves de Guadeloupe." Thesis, Antilles, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANTI0324/document.
Full textWhile Guadeloupe has the largest coastal edge of mangroves in the Lesser Antilles, the microfauna and marine bacterial microflora associated with this ecosystem are very poorly understood. However, these diverse communities of microorganisms are at the base of the marine mangrove sediment food web. Indeed, thanks to their activities based on heterotrophic processes, these micro-organisms will make it possible to degrade the litter composed of mangrove leaves and branches that have fallen to the surface of the sediment. In anoxic conditions, the degradation of plant substrates by sulfate-reducing bacteria leads to the production of sulfides that will support the activity of chemosynthetic bacteria. Ciliates protists are unicellular eukaryotic microorganisms characterized by the presence of cilia on the cell surface and belonging to micro-zooplankton. Their phagocytosis-based nutrition not only promotes the remineralization of microbial biomass, which increases the transfer of nutrients to other organisms in the food web, but also facilitates the emergence of many symbiotic associations. The results obtained during this thesis allowed to highlight the presence of symbiotic associations between sulfur-oxidizing or heterotrophic bacteria and ciliates protist species that are part of the mangrove periphyton
Michaud, Caroline. "Dynamique des symbioses mutualistes hôtes-microbiotes : mode et efficacité de transmission des symbiotes dans les populations du termite xylophage Reticulitermes grassei." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR4027.
Full textMany animals including humans live in symbiotic interaction with gut microorganisms contributing to essential functions (nutrition, immunity). The ‘vertical’ way of transmission of symbionts (i.e., from parents to offspring) must stabilise these symbioses, notably by strengthening partner fidelity. However, the efficiency of vertical transmission has rarely been studied, especially in the case where hosts harbour a complex microbial community (or ‘microbiota’) composed by many microbial taxa interacting between them and with the host.The objective of this work was to study the mode and efficiency of transmission of gut microorganisms (protists and bacteria) helping the wood-feeding termite Reticulitermes grassei to digest ingested wood (lignocellulose fibres). Our results revealed contrasted situations between microorganisms. While protists are efficiently vertically transmitted, the majority of bacterial taxa is not only vertically transmitted but seems to be acquired by the environment
Scholes, Lianna. "The response of species richness to manipulations of energy supply in protist microcosms." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421224.
Full textGeisen, Stefan [Verfasser], Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Bonkowski, and Hartmut [Akademischer Betreuer] Arndt. "Soil Protists Diversity, Distribution and Ecological Functioning / Stefan Geisen. Gutachter: Michael Bonkowski ; Hartmut Arndt." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1068619759/34.
Full textStecher, Anique [Verfasser]. "Functional biodiversity of sea ice-associated protists in the central Arctic Ocean / Anique Stecher." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1151075191/34.
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