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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Proto-Celtic language

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Academic literature on the topic 'Proto-Celtic language'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Proto-Celtic language"

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Mees, Bernard. "Left Branch Extraction and Clitic Placement in Gaulish." Journal of Celtic Linguistics 22, no. 1 (2021): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.16922/jcl.22.5.

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The inscriptional remains of Gaulish preserve syntactic behaviours that are not expected from the perspective of the diachronic schemes usually posited for the development of early Insular Celtic syntax from Proto-Indo-European. Widespread evidence is attested, particularly for the behaviour of clitics, that does not seem reconcilable with many of the assumptions made in previous studies regarding the nature of the syntax of Proto-Celtic. Gaulish also evidently features scrambling-type phenomena such as left branch extraction that are not usually thought to appear in other Celtic languages. An

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Stifter, David. "The rise of gemination in Celtic." Open Research Europe 3 (February 2, 2023): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.15400.1.

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This study investigates systematically the emergence and establishment of geminate consonants as a phonological class in the Celtic branch of Indo-European. The approach of this study is comparative historical linguistics, drawing on diachronic structuralism combined with aspects of language contact studies and functional approaches to language usage. This study traces the development of geminates from Proto-Indo-European (fourth millennium b.c.), which did not allow geminate consonants, to the Common Celtic period (first millennium b.c.), when almost every consonant could occur as a singlet

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Stifter, David. "The rise of gemination in Celtic." Open Research Europe 3 (February 8, 2024): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.15400.2.

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This study investigates systematically the emergence and establishment of geminate consonants as a phonological class in the Celtic branch of Indo-European. The approach of this study is comparative historical linguistics, drawing on diachronic structuralism combined with aspects of language contact studies and functional approaches to language usage. This study traces the development of geminates from Proto-Indo-European (fourth millennium B.C.), which did not allow geminate consonants, to the Common Celtic period (first millennium B.C.), when almost every consonant could occur as a singleton

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Sims-Williams, Patrick. "An Alternative to ‘Celtic from the East’ and ‘Celtic from the West’." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 30, no. 3 (2020): 511–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774320000098.

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This article discusses a problem in integrating archaeology and philology. For most of the twentieth century, archaeologists associated the spread of the Celtic languages with the supposed westward spread of the ‘eastern Hallstatt culture’ in the first millennium bc. More recently, some have discarded ‘Celtic from the East’ in favour of ‘Celtic from the West’, according to which Celtic was a much older lingua franca which evolved from a hypothetical Neolithic Proto-Indo-European language in the Atlantic zone and then spread eastwards in the third millennium bc. This article (1) criticizes the

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Van Sluis, Paulus. "Beekeeping in Celtic and Indo-European." Studia Celtica 56, no. 1 (2022): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.16922/sc.56.1.

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This article reconstructs where, when and how Celtic speakers adopted beekeeping on the basis of the Celtic apicultural vocabulary. Following a short introduction giving the archaeological and historical background of beekeeping, it is argued that Celtic inherited a lexicon for bee produce from Proto-Indo-European (PIE), but not for bees or beehives. The various external sources and internal derivations for the remaining words in the apicultural lexicon are then employed to reconstruct in what periods and from what sources Celtic speakers adopted beekeeping. This reconstruction demonstrates th

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Bojčić, Ivana, and Bernard Dukić. "Black(n)adder–Indo–European ancestry of the english language through words." Školski vjesnik 71, no. 2 (2022): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.38003/sv.71.2.8.

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English language is a part of a wider, Indo-European, family of languages. It is a part of a Germanic group of languages that, alongside many other groups, originated from the reconstructed Proto – Indo – European language. English was the language of Germanic tribes of Angles and Saxons which inhabited Britain in the 5th century after the withdrawal of the Romans. The Germanic group of languages encompasses languages such as Dutch, German, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian and Icelandic and English. Germanic group of people was once in close contact with Celtic and Italic groups and earlier than tha

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Matasović, Ranko. "Possessive agreement in Insular Celtic." Studia Celtica Posnaniensia 9 (December 31, 2024): 112–34. https://doi.org/10.14746/scp.2024.9.4.

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Possessive agreement is a pattern of NP-internal agreement in which certain features of the possessor (usually person, number and/or gender) are marked twice within the NP: firstly, on the possessive marker itself (e. g. a possessive pronoun) and secondly, on another morpheme, which obligatorily agrees in those features with the possessive marker (Corbett 2006: 47). This type of agreement is not common in Indo-European languages, but it is in Uralic and several other language families in Eurasia (Koptjevskaja-Tamm 2003). However, Goidelic and Brittonic have constructions falling under the abov

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Alonso, Juan Luis García. "'And the Celts live beyond the Pillars of Hercules ...': Ancient Greek Awareness of the Celts and their Geographical Location." Journal of Celtic Linguistics 26, no. 1 (2025): 131–76. https://doi.org/10.16922/jcl.26.6.

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This paper analyses the first mentions of the Celts and their geographical location in ancient sources, paying special attention to Herodotus, whom it attempts to contextualise by also considering later authors, both Greek (Polybius, Diodorus Siculus and Strabo) and Roman (Pliny and Tacitus). This analysis is set in the context of recent debates on the linguistic nature of 'Tartessian', a little-known language of SW Hispania (considered Celtic by some scholars), as well as of the discussion of different theories on the geographical location of both Proto-Celtic and historic Celtic peoples and

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Séamus Mac Mathúna, Séamus. "The History of Celtic Scholarship in Russia and the Soviet Union." Studia Celto-Slavica 1 (2006): 3–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54586/asmh5209.

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In recent years there has been a remarkable burgeoning of interest in Celtic scholarship in the Slavic countries. Much of the work carried out by Slavic scholars, however, is written in the Slavic languages and is not readily accessible to Western scholars. The result is that the scope and achievement of Celtic scholars in these countries is not widely known and appreciated. The aim of this paper is to give a short history of this tradition and of some of the major scholarly landmarks. While the emphasis will be primarily on Celtic Studies in Russia, reference will also be made to the work of

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Olander, Thomas. "Indo-European cladistic nomenclature." Indogermanische Forschungen 124, no. 1 (2019): 231–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/if-2019-0008.

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Abstract The study examines the terminology currently in use for the higher-level subgroups of the Indo-European family tree. Based on the observation that the terminology is heterogeneous and confusing, the study discusses the central terms, suggesting that the whole language family and its ancestor should be referred to as “Indo-European” and “Proto-Indo-European” respectively. Under the hypothesis that the three first subgroups to branch off were Anatolian, Tocharian and Italo- Celtic, “Indo-Tocharian” is recommended as a suitable name for the non-Anatolian subgroup, and “Indo-Celtic” for t

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Books on the topic "Proto-Celtic language"

1

Ali, Ahmed. Pre-Celtic languages: The African substratum theory. Punite Books, 1995.

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Ali, Ahmed. Pre-Celtic languages: The African substratum theory. Punite Books, 1995.

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Borghi, Guido. Varianti di un hapax etnonimico nel quadro della composizione nominale celtica antica. Metis, 1997.

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Etymological dictionary of proto-Celtic. Brill, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Proto-Celtic language"

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Koch, John T. "Mapping Celticity, Mapping Celticization." In Communities and Connections. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199230341.003.0024.

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‘Celticity’ means the quality of being Celtic. ‘Celticization’ means the process or event(s) of becoming Celtic. Thus, Celticity involves a static or synchronic perspective and Celticization a dynamic, diachronic one. ‘Celtic’ is used here in a linguistic sense, because the debates of the past few decades over the term ‘Celtic’ seem to have left intact the concept of the Celtic languages as a proven and closely definable scientific fact, whereas Celtic culture (including Celtic art), Celtic identity, and so on, remain controversial and are prone to ambiguity (see e.g., James 1999; Sims-William

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Millar, Robert McColl. "Historical and linguistic backgrounds." In A History of the Scots Language. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198863991.003.0002.

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Abstract This chapter, unusually for a history of Scots, begins its discussion by considering the Indo-European languages and their development. Discussion of the manner in which we analyse the separation of the proto-languages is given before the history and relationships between the Germanic languages are analysed. The formation of Old English is treated: were the dialects of that language already present when their speakers came to Britain or was there a relatively uniform Old English formed after settlement, with dialect diversification taking place afterwards? Focus then turns to the lang

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Blevins, Juliette. "PIE *meh2- ‘grow, be fruitful’ and Proto-Basque *ma, *maha ‘fruit’." In The Life Cycle of Language. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192845818.003.0010.

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Abstract Two well researched and widely accepted terms for ‘apple, apple tree’ are reconstructed for Proto-Indo-European. One, *h2éb(ō̆)l-, reflected in Celtic, Germanic, Baltic, and Slavic, has a phonological form that seems un-Indo-European, and is attributed by some to prehistoric borrowing from a non-Indo-European language. Another, *méh2l-o-, is based primarily on Greek, and, on this basis, its Proto-Indo-European ancestry has also been questioned. Even so, the similarity between the two roots is striking, and has led some researchers to attempt to derive one from the other, or both from

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Manaster-Ramer, Alexis. "More Inebra: An unnoticed meaning of PIE √*kelH and a bit more." In Siberica et Uralica. University of Szeged, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/sua.2022.56.293-315.

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In this contribution I focus on a number of Indo-European (mostly Latin and Greek but also Celtic et al.) etymologies, mostly brand new, but they are intended as a demonstration of a basic difference in methodology between the dominant approach to historical linguistics (which I feel is often atomistic, formalistic, mechanistic, and perhaps above all heavily politicized and ruled by double standards). As I suggest, a different approach may lead not just to massive changes in our understanding of the traditionally recognized language groupings, but also to a new appreciation of the problem of p

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Macaulay, Ronald. "Indo-European." In The Social Art. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195187960.003.0027.

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Abstract In 1776 Sir William Jones, the founder of the Royal Asiatic Society and the chief justice of India, gave a lecture in which he drew attention to certain similarities which he had noticed between Sanskrit and European languages: The Sanskrit language, whatever may be its antiquity, is of wonderful structure; more perfect than the Greek, more copious than the Latin, and more exquisitely refined than either; yet bearing to both of them a stronger affinity, both in the roots of verbs and in the forms of grammar, than could have been produced by accident; so strong that no philologer could

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Koch, John T. "Celto-Germanic and North-West Indo-European vocabulary: Resonances in myth and rock art iconography." In Indo-European Interfaces: Integrating Linguistics, Mythology and Archaeology. Stockholm University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.16993/bcn.j.

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The chapter develops historical linguistic work undertaken as part of a four-year cross-disciplinary project funded by the Swedish Research Council. New evidence tracing metals in Bronze Age artefacts has revealed that Scandinavia was in trade contact with metal-rich regions in Wales and the Iberian Peninsula, as well as the Italian Alps. This new knowledge leads to reopening two long-known, but poorly explained phenomena: (1) a large body of inherited vocabulary shared by Celtic and Germanic languages, but not Indo-European generally, and (2) detailed similarities shared by the Bronze Age roc

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"OLD IRISH SUBJUNCTIVES AND FUTURES AND THEIR PROTO-INDO-EUROPEAN ORIGINS." In Italo-Celtic Origins and Prehistoric Development of the Irish Language. Brill | Rodopi, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789401204170_005.

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Meelen, Marieke. "Reconstructing the rise of Verb Second in Welsh." In Rethinking Verb Second. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844303.003.0018.

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Verb Second orders are only found in the Middle Welsh period: Old and Modern Welsh mainly exhibit verb-initial patterns. This chapter shows how the V2 orders developed by carefully reconstructing their syntactic history from earlier patterns with hanging topics and focused cleft constructions in Old Welsh and related Celtic languages. It provides a syntactic reconstruction of the V2 structures with preverbal functional particles a and y. These C-particles played a pivotal role in relative clauses as well and can be traced back to pronominal elements in Proto-British, the predecessor of Welsh,

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