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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Proto-Korean

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Academic literature on the topic 'Proto-Korean'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Proto-Korean"

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Krippes, Karl A. "The Phonetic History of Korean Numerals." Korean Linguistics 7 (January 1, 1992): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/kl.7.01kk.

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The purpose of this paper is, first, to survey the history of the linguistic study of Korean numerals. Secondly, drawing from dialectal information, Old and Middle Korean, and employing the facts of Korean historical linguistics, the proto-Silla (not proto Korean) numerals will be reconstructed. If some Korean Altaic etymologies conflict with the facts from Korean historical linguistics, the Altaic etymologies rather than the facts from Korean historical linguistics will be abandoned. This is a necessary procedure because the tendency in Korean and Western scholarship is that, no matter how much Korean historical linguistics advances, its findings are often ignored as soon as the discussion turns to Korean-Altaic linguistic comparisons.

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Vovin, Alexander. "Old Korean and Proto-Korean *r and *l Revisited." International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics 2, no. 1 (August 5, 2020): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25898833-12340025.

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Abstract This article argues for new internal evidence for the existence of the contrast between *r and *l in Old Korean and Proto-Korean on the basis of the Hyangchal data and Old Japanese transcriptional glosses as well as Korean loanwords in Manchu and Jurchen that were not analyzed in this way before. Namely, I will argue that combined Old Korean and Middle Korean data call for the reconstruction of two different types of liquids in the position before *i: both stay intact in Old Korean, but in Middle Korean the first type undergoes elision, whereas the second type stays intact. I then attempt to identify these two types on the basis of the internal evidence and parallel phenomena attested in the Greater Manchuria linguistic area and elsewhere.

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Ito, Chiyuki. "Korean accent." Korean Historical Linguistics 15, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 125–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/kl.15.2.01ito.

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This paper examines the accent systems of Middle Korean (MK) and the contemporary Korean dialects (North/South Kyengsang, Hamkyeng/Yanbian) both synchronically and diachronically, focusing on native simplex nouns. In an analysis of the MK accent system, we clarify correlations between a syllable’s segmental shape and the accent class of the stem, and propose that in Proto-Korean native nouns did not have a distinctive pitch accent. We also show that MK (as well as Proto-Korean) had a right-to-left iambic prominence system in which the unaccented stem class had an underlying floating H tone reflecting an apocopated syllable from an earlier stage of the language. We then examine the regular accentual correspondences between MK and the contemporary dialects and hypothesize that the accent retraction found in the Kyengsang dialects (“Kyengsang accent shift”) took place after the introduction of Sino-Korean vocabulary. Finally, based on an Optimality Theoretic analysis, we show that all dialects including MK tend to avoid a lapse in accent at the right edge of the word, which is accomplished by different repair strategies.

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Kapranov, Y. V. "Diachronic Interpretation of Nostratic Etymon *wol[a] Based on Proto-Indo-European *(e)wel- (Gr hw- / ew-) and Proto-Altaic *ulu (~ -o) Forms (According to S. A. Starostin’s Version)." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 9. Current Trends in Language Development, no. 17 (August 21, 2018): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series9.2018.17.06.

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The article represents the diachronic interpretation of the Nostratic *wol[a] verified by S. A. Starostin on the Proto-Indo-European *(e) wel- (Gr hw- / ew-) and Proto-Altaic *ulu (~ -o). These data were taken for analysis from the International Etymological Database Project “The Tower of Babel”. The notion of etymon in general and the Nostratic one in particular have been specified. The Nostratic etymon is understood as a phonomorphological and semantic complex that is interpreted based on the reconstructed etymons at the level of every language family.The following data has been demonstrated: using the comparative-historical method, the etymologist-macrocomparatist performed the external reconstruction of the Proto-Indo-European *(e) wel- (Gr hw- / ew-) “great number; to heap” made on Proto-Tocharian *w'ältse; Ancient Greek *ẹ̄́lomai̯ (ẹ̄lómeno, ẹ̄lésthō), *wáli-; Proto-Slavic *velьmi, -ma; *velьjь, *velīkъ; *vālъ, *vālovъ, *vālī́tī; Proto-Baltic *wal-ī̂-, performed with the help of internal reconstruction, as well as the Proto-Altaic *ulu (~ -o) “big, many; good” made on Proto-Turkic *ulug; Proto-Mongol *olon; Proto-Tungus-Manchu *ule-; Proto-Korean *ōr-. The procedural operations of S. A. Starostin performed with the use of the method of diachronic interpretation have been commented. It helped to assume that the Proto-Language forms of etymons at the level of the language family reach the Nostratic *wol[a]. This made it possible to establish and substantiate the degrees of language relationship between the reconstructed etymons of the two language families and the Nostratic etymon: within the Indo-European language family the following degrees have been registered: trivial – between the Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Slavic; notable – between the Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Tocharian, Ancient Greek, Proto-Slavic and Proto-Baltic; within the the Altaic language family: trivial – between the Proto-Altaic and Proto-Turkic; notable – between the Proto-Altaic and Proto-Tungus-Manchu; distant – between the Proto-Altaic and Proto-Mongol, Proto-Korean.

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OH SE JUN. "Chinese Characters Creation Theory of Proto-Korean’ “秋” Phonetic Radicals." KOREAN EDUCATION ll, no. 85 (August 2010): 519–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15734/koed..85.201008.519.

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Vovin, Alexander. "On the great vowel shift in middle Korean and position of stress in proto-Korean." Korean Linguistics 10 (January 1, 2000): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/kl.10.02av.

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OH SE JUN. "A Perspective “解” Phonetic Radicals : from Proto‐Korean to Chinese Characters." KOREAN EDUCATION ll, no. 83 (December 2009): 539–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15734/koed..83.200912.539.

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Unger, J. Marshall. "Two Japanese Vegetable Names Borrowed From Korean." Korean Linguistics 14 (January 1, 2008): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/kl.14.10jmu.

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Abstract. Neither J suzuna 'turnip' nor suzusiro 'radish' has a good J-internal etymology. But suzuna is similar in form to OK *swuy 'turnip' + *s + *no 'greens'. Likewise, suzusiro resembles OK *swuy + *s + *silay 'radish' (cf. silayki 'dried radish leaves'). Since turnips and radishes in China go back only about 2500 years and are known to have originated farther west, J suzuna and suzusiro are likely to be phrases borrowed into Japanese from Korean in proto-historic times.

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Martin, Samuel E. "What do Japanese and Korean Have in Common?" Korean Linguistics 13 (January 1, 2006): 219–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/kl.13.10sem.

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Abstract. Many of the verb endings of modern Japanese and Korean have been created by contracting structures that consist of the stem + attached strings of particles and auxiliaries. Most of the auxiliaries have been taken from free verb stems that were grammaticalized for special purposes. Though the paradigmatic systems grew independently in the two languages, many of the ingredients go back to a common source that we can reconstruct on the basis of their shapes and meanings. Korean and Japanese share certain configurations of meaning and grammar, such as the well-known marking of focus, that are realized by markers which are not directly cognate in these structures but can be seen as cognate with forms in other structures within each language. These two languages have much more in common with each other than either has with any other language. This is why we think it is possible to reconstruct a prehistoric ancestor that can be called proto Korean-Japanese.

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Vovin, Alexander. "Once Again on the Accusative Marker in Old Korean." Diachronica 12, no. 2 (January 1, 1995): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.12.2.04vov.

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SUMMARY Miller (1977) proposed reconstructing the Old Korean accusative marker as hel < *gel and compared it with the Old Turkic accusative = j/=g, the Mongolian accusative =[ii]g, and the Tungusic directive-locative =kilaa/=kilii. His proposal was criticized in Martin (1990). I will argue that although Miller's proposal is valid as far as Old Korean is concerned, his comparison with Old Turkic, Tungusic, and possibly with Mongolian cannot be maintained. I will demonstrate on the basis of the internal evidence that Old Korean =yïl < Proto-Korean *=biî, and is therefore related to the corresponding accusative markers in Japanese and Tungusic. RÉSUMÉ En proposant de reconstruire l'accusatif du vieux coréen comme hel < *gel Miller (1977) compara l'accusatif avec ceux du turc ancien =y/=g, du mongol =[ii]g, et avec le directif-locatif toungouze =kilaa/=kilii.. Sa proposition fut critiquée par Martin (1990). L'auteur de cet article discute ici que la reconstruction de l'accusatif coréen ancien de Miller, mais qu'il est nécessaire de rejeter sa comparaison avec les marques de cas du turc ancien, du toungouze et peutêtre aussi du mongol. A partir des resources internes de la langue, je démontre que =yïl du vieux coréen < *=bïl du proto-coréen, et qu'il est conséquemment apparenté aux marques de cas accusatif en japonais et en toungouze. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Miller (1977) schlug hel < *gel als rekonstruierte altkoreanische Akku-sativmarkierung vor und verglich sie mit dem alttiirkischen Akkusativ = y/=g, dem mongolischen Akkusativ =[ii]g und dem tungusischen Direktiv-Lokativ =kilaa/=kilii. Sein Vorschlag wurde in Martin (1990) kritisiert. In diesem Aufsatz wird dargelegt, daB, wenngleich Millers Vorschlag fur das Altkoreanische zutrifft, sein Vergleich mit dem Alttiirkischen, dem Tungusischen und vielleicht mit dem Mongolischen hingegen abgelehnt werden muB. Aufgrund internen Beweismaterials wird hier der Nachweis gefuhrt, daB altkoreanisch = yïl aus protokoreanisch *=bïl hergeleitet werden kann und deshalb mit den entsprechenden Akkusativmarkierungen im Japanischen und Tungusischen verwandt ist.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Proto-Korean"

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Francis-Ratte, Alexander Takenobu. "Proto-Korean-Japanese: A New Reconstruction of the Common Origin of the Japanese and Korean Languages." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1460644060.

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Book chapters on the topic "Proto-Korean"

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Ramsey, S. Robert. "Proto-Korean and the Origin of Korean Accent." In Studies in the Historical Phonology of Asian Languages, 215. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.77.11ram.

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Ko, Seongyeon, Andrew Joseph, and John Whitman. "Chapter 7. Comparative consequences of the tongue root harmony analysis for proto-Tungusic, proto-Mongolic, and proto-Korean." In Studies in Language Companion Series, 141–76. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.161.13ko.

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Francis-Ratte, Alexander T., and J. Marshall Unger. "Contact between genealogically related languages." In The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages, 705–14. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0040.

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Although the reconstruction of Proto-Japano-Koreanic is still a work in progress, it is already sufficiently robust to establish a genetic relationship between Korean and Japanese. Furthermore, against the background of the cognates that have been reconstructed so far, the roughly three dozen clearly identifiable borrowings from Old Korean into Old Japanese amount to only about six percent of all matches. Claims that all structural similarities between Korean and Japanese are due to ancient borrowings must therefore be rejected. To answer the question of whether Proto-Japano-Koreanic is better regarded as a first-order daughter of Transeurasian or as a branch of Macro-Tungusic, it would be better to compare reconstructed Proto-Japano-Koreanic forms “by hand” separately with forms in Proto-Tungusic, Proto-Mongolic, and Proto-Turkic than to rely on statistical analyses of so-called core vocabulary.

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Vovin, Alexander. "Proto-Korean and Proto-Japonic Reconstructions and their Role in the Comparison of the Two Languages." In Koreo-Japonica, 11–44. University of Hawai'i Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21313/hawaii/9780824832780.003.0001.

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"Chapter 1: Proto-Korean and Proto-Japonic Reconstructions and Their Role in the Comparison of the Two Languages." In Koreo-Japonica, 11–44. University of Hawaii Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780824837693-005.

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Blažek, Václav. "Numerals in the Transeurasian languages." In The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages, 660–90. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0038.

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This chapter presents all relevant forms of the cardinal numerals 1‒10, 20‒90, 100, and sometimes also teens and ordinals, in all described Transeurasian languages. Besides all modern languages, where maximum accuracy in transcription is preferred, the old literary and epigraphic languages (Orkhon Runic, Old Uyghur, Karakhanid, Old Oghuz, Chaghatai; Middle Mongol, Written Mongol; Jurchen, Manchu; Middle Korean; Old and Classic Japanese), are also analyzed, including some relic languages known only fragmentarily (Kuman, Old Bulgar; Kitan; Baekje, Silla; Koguryo). On the basis of regular phonetic correspondences the related forms are projected into the partial daughter protolanguages: Turkic, Mongolic, Tungusic, and Korean. Instead of Proto-Japonic, the Old Japanese forms serve for this purpose. Applying the comparative etymological method to the final comparison between these partial protolanguages should lead to identification of inherited cognates from borrowings in agreement with phonetic rules, semantic typology, and in the perspective of possible influences of hypothetical substrata, adstrata, and superstrata.

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Joseph, Andrew, Seongyeon Ko, and John Whitman. "A comparative approach to the vowel systems and harmonies in the Transeurasian languages and beyond." In The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages, 486–508. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0030.

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In this chapter the standard treatments of the Transeurasian vowel correspondences are reviewed, including their reconstructions of hypothetical proto-inventories, for the purpose of establishing a description of the Transeurasian vowel inventory and vowel harmony type. The review commences with a comparison of two major types of vowel-harmony systems in the Transeurasian languages, i.e. the palatal vs. the tongue-root harmony systems, and presents phonetic, phonological, and comparative evidence for a tongue-root harmony analysis of Korean, Mongolic, and Tungusic. Interpretations of the main Transeurasian reconstructions are then proposed, such as Ramstedt (1952–66) and Poppe (1960b) according to tongue-root harmony analysis as opposed to the conventional palatal harmony analysis. After this, there is an effort to situate the Transeurasian vowel inventory in its typological and geographical neighborhood, including Northeast Asian languages and beyond, and in its linguistic geographical setting.

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Li, Tao. "Transeurasian unity from an archaeological perspective." In The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages, 794–805. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0047.

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Northeast Asia attracts researchers’ attention for its environmental, cultural, linguistic, and genetic diversity. Population migration and cultural contact both go back early in human history there. The Transeurasian (TEA) model hypothesizes about the relatedness among the Mongolic, Tungusic, Turkic, Koreanic, and Japonic languages; also, it sees farming as the driving force for the dispersal of the Proto-Transeurasian across Northeast Asia. This chapter reviews the finds of millets or rice from key archeological sites, as well as the perspectives on the beginning of millet or rice farming, in Northeast China, the Russian Far East, the Korean Peninsula, and the Japanese Archipelago. Then, focusing on evidence related to agriculture, some assumptions underlying the TEA model are examined. The conclusion is that the TEA model has both merits and weaknesses and that archeological evidence in different regions and periods supports the Transeurasian unity to varying degrees.

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