Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Protohistoire'
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Bagan, Ghislain. "Espaces et sociétés en Méditerranée nord-occidentale durant la Protohistoire." Montpellier 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON30069.
Full textAt the crossroads of archaeology, geography, and anthropology, we propose here a multi scalar approach to the human societies’ environment in north-western Mediterranean between the end of the Bronze Age and the Roman period. From the Ebro to the Rhone, we will investigate the questions related to the daily environment of the group, to its neighbourhood relations with other communities, and to the cultural areas. The spatial distribution of the necropolis will constitute for example an essential source of information on the size and shape of the territories. On another scale, it will be important to develop the notions of transitions and cultural frontiers, to insist on the degree of sedentary life, and on the process of territorial stabilization, whether it was initiated by a grouped or dispersed settlement…Taking into account the major historical events of the Mediterranean Sea, and also the individual history of the indigenous groups, the continuity and ruptures of the establishment systems will be examined : themes such as the evaluation of the perennate character of the indigenous structures, pre-existing the Mediterranean trade, but also the restructuration of the networks linked with commercial pressure (establishment of economic areas) will plainly enter the reasoning
Lespes, Carole. "Pratiques alimentaires et agropastorales à la fin de l’Age du Bronze et aux débuts de l’Age du Fer en Languedoc : du littoral aux premiers contreforts méridionaux du Massif Central." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MON30042.
Full textArchaeozoological data are incomplete in Languedoc at the end of the Final Bronze Age and the beginning of the Iron Age (IX-Vth c. BC). Therefore, this study was conducted to provide new perspectives on diet during this poorly documented period. The study concerns faunal remains from habitat sites in the Languedoc region located on the Mediterranean coast and in the hinterland of the southern foothills of the Massif Central. Archaeozoological analysis coupled with the analysis of dental micro-wear of ruminants has led to a better understanding of the feeding practices of these rural societies confronted with the proto-urban phenomenon. The meat resource is essentially based on animal husbandry, particularly of goats, and management strategies for specific herds are emerging. Hunting is practiced but in a more opportunistic context than out of necessity. Neither the location of sites on the coast or in mountainous landscapes, nor the diachronicity of occupations influence feeding practices. It seems that each site has its own characteristics, with choices linked more to local components mixing culture, opportunity, taste preferences, status of the populations, etc.Keywords: Archaeozoology, Protohistory, Dental microwear, Languedoc
Arbousse-Bastide, Tristan. "Les structures de l'habitat rural protohistorique dans le sud-ouest de l'Angleterre et le nord-ouest de la France /." Oxford : Archaeopress, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37197041n.
Full textComprend un résumé en anglais et une trad. en anglais des chapitres consacrés à l'Angleterre. Bibliogr. p. 303-344. Liste des sites.
Rousseau, Lolita. "Des dernières sociétés néolithiques aux premières sociétés métallurgiques : productions lithiques du quart nord-ouest de la France (IIIe-IIe millénaires av. notre ère)." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT3018.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the lithic productions of the transition from Prehistory to Protohistory. Lithic industry has most commonly been studied by prehistorians, however as Protohistory is not their specific period, these productions have been disregarded for long by researchers, due to their ambivalence. Consequently, it was thought that these productions had stopped at the dawn of the Metal age. Nowadays, if the use of stone during the Bronze Age tends to be admitted, many gaps were attested in the north-west quarter of France. That is why we choose this geographical area. This work is based on an analysis of raw materials, on typo-technological studies of around twenty lithic series, as well as bibliographic data from 571 archaeological entities collected within a database. Three main objectives were achieved. The first one being to understand the modalities of acquisition and management of the resources. The impact of geological and geomorphological environment on techno-economic choice of different human groups was also taken into account. The second objective permitted us to characterize manufacturing and consumption economies of the artifacts. It allowed us to identify some of the activities practiced on sites, thus enhancing our knowledge regarding the lifestyles of these populations. The last objective helped us to understand the progressive marginalization of lithic productions during the Metal age thus providing answers about this phenomenon
Demoule, Jean-Paul. "Chronologies, cultures et styles dans l'europe protohistorique (these sur travaux)." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010538.
Full textThe studies presented are organised along four lines : the establishment of regional and cultural frameworks ; discussion of the notions of "culture" and "style" ; analysis of the development of social hierarchy and complexity ; thoughts on the social and ideological fonctions of archaeology. The various fields of study are : the paris basin neolithic, as represented by the rescue project in the aisne valley ; the celtic cemeteries of north-east france (aisne-marne culture, including 450 cemeteries and 2000 funerary assemblages), from the vith to iiird centuries b. C. , analysed from a chronological and sociological point of view ; the beginning of the neolithic in south-west bulgaria (franco-bulgarian excavation at kovacevo, viith millenium) ; the neolothic and chalcolithic of greece, especially from the point of view of the different regional sequences ; the neolithic and chalcolithic of macedonia and bulgaria (excavations at dikili tach and sitagroi) ; finally the indo-european problem, for which a complex centripetal model is proposed, rather than a centrifugal, diffusionist model. In general terms, the emphasis is placed on : modelling interpretation in terms of time, space and function ; the interactions between style and society ; the flow of cultural markers (ceramics) in the constitution of culture ; the cyclical character of the. .
Pastorello, Thierry. "Sodome à Paris : protohistoire de l'homosexualité masculine fin XVIIIe - milieu XIXe siècle." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00392241.
Full textRothé, Marie-Pierre. "L'occupation humaine de la protohistoire au haut Moyen Age dans le Jura." Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO31012.
Full textRivallain, Josette. "Étude comparée des phénomènes prémonétaires en protohistoire européenne et en ethnologie africaine." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010530.
Full textA long time before numismatic systems, very different items have been useful for paying. On european protohistory, we know them because they are hoarded, situated in or outside of fieldworks. Only non-destructive material have been saved : metal, shells, glass. African past is few known and few studied. But, because archaeological works, we know that in southern eastern part, exchange items were known from one millenium and half. The oldest written documents come from greek-roman period, later from arabic and european sources ; at last items are preserved in museums. Through them and ethnological informations, we know how payments are complexed, linked to societies' structures more than to economical considerations. They evolved with traditional societies, the oldest are always used for relationships and specially for wedding. Centralised powers adopt a special exchanges item and control it. European colonisation followed this example and imposed currencies with all their mecanims. But they haven't been easily adopted and old fashions exist always. Recent phenomenons' studies can help the prehistorian on the complexities of payment in traditionnal societies
Mairecolas, Mélanie. "L'étain en Gaule et en Europe occidentale pendant la Protohistoire et l'Antiquité." Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20011.
Full textMining archaeology is a recent and demanding field of archaeology, an indispensable discipline for investigating the extraction and use of metals in ancient times. The exploitation and use of tin, one of the metals in question, is still fairly mysterious, in spite of the large amount of available literature. This thesis deals with several aspects of tin during Protohistory and Antiquity. The first objective was to understand the geology and metallogeny of its principal mineral component, cassiterite and the specific uses to which it was put during the periods in question, in the form of small objects, decorative patterns applied to ceramic items and as an alloy with copper. The second stage involved writing a synthesis of the current state of research and knowledge of ancient tin mines in Europe, in order to check whether the exploitation zones described in old documents, the Iberian peninsula and Cornwall, have been confirmed by archaeological data, while referring as well to the other districts of Erzgebirge in Turkey and in France, areas in Brittany, Morvan, Rouergue and Tarn. A thorough investigation had been made of a stanniferous zone in the Limousin. Field surveys revealed several ancient mining areas in the Monts de Blond, the Monts d’Ambazac in Haute-Vienne and in the Creuse at Soumans. An archaeological probe was undertaken at the site of Repaire at Vaulry (Haute-Vienne) in the Monts de Blond to try and date these mining activities. The first results, still being analysed, appear to suggest that they were exploited during the second Iron Age. This archaeological dig is the first in France for a tin mine in a rock substratum and should lead to further research
Rivallain, Josette. "Etude comparée des phénomènes prémonétaires en protohistoire européenne et en ethnologie africaine." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376180088.
Full textKoh, Sejin. "An archaeological investigation of the snake cult in the southern Levant : the chalcolithique period through the Iron Age /." Ann Arbor (Mich.) : UMI dissertation services, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39901217p.
Full textBlackham, Mark. "Constructing regional histories : time and transition in the Southern Levant, 5500-3500 BC /." Ann Arbor : UMI dissertation services, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40087077d.
Full textPastorello, Thierry. "Sodome à Paris : protohistoire de l'homosexualité masculine fin XVIIIe - première partie XIXe siècle." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070009.
Full textOver a period stretching from the latter part of the eighteenth century to the first half of the nineteenth century, a specific male homosexual identity was developing in cities such as Paris. This period saw a proliferation of writings about and views on sexual practices and same-sex relations between men, and the development of a subculture of sodomites. As the judicial sphere evolved between death sentences and an increasingly repressive attitude on the part of the police, male homosexuality was singled out as asocial behaviour. A new form of medical discourse emerged in order to support the police statements and legal judgments of the time. In order to clamp down on homosexuality, the authorities made widespread use of the charge of 'affront to public decency, and of police raids. Yet homosexual subcultures thrived, and public condemnations of homosexuality had relatively little influence on people's behaviour, as the numerous police records involving urban, working-class young men and older gentlemen demonstrate. Whilst this was a new moment in the social construction of homosexuality, it was profoundly anchored in traditional gender stereotypes
Chevalier, Solène. "La mer vue de la terre : la côte tyrrhénienne orientale (1600-500 av.n.è.)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEP054.
Full textThe Eastern Tyrrhenian coast held a central position in Mediterranean trade dynamics. Between circa 1600 and 500 BC, this territory was inhabited by culturally well-defined communities, namely the Etruscans, Latin and Italic populations, and Western Greeks. In adopting a broad chronological framework covering over a millennium, this thesis aims to shed light on continuity and interruption phenomena within communication networks as well as in coastal settlement processes. These latter mechanisms are indeed perceptible through notions of appeal, rejection and indifference that weighed in occupation choices of the Tyrrhenian littoral. By establishing reference templates and studying the materiality of coastal dwellings, this analysis offers an innovative synthesis of regional settlement dynamics as early as the Middle Bronze Age, with a particular emphasis on the exploitation of natural resources and the emergence of complex maritime, land and fluvial networks. Though the Eastern Tyrrhenian coast has been repeatedly mentioned in previous publications all lack a core feature regarding its coastlines and its characteristics as an interface between sea and land. Pre-Roman ports constitute a striking example; even though they are considered as crucial meeting points of maritime and land-based networks, they are barely known and studied. Past research has thus had a hard time associating maritime and land-based communication networks and has overlooked the actual parameters of maritime exchanges, leading to a poor understanding of harbors and port activities, however central they are to Archaic Tyrrhenian trades. By addressing the construction of Tyrrhenian coastal territories through the prism of networks, several insular and peninsular systems appear. Recent analysis reveals that coastal territories turn their focus towards inland networks, meaning that seaside activities emanate essentially from local and regional systems. The backdrop to Eastern Tyrrhenian coastal studies is therefore land-based above all and not maritime. This thesis positions itself within the continuity of the past forty years of research that has helped to develop a landscape archaeology framework while adopting a new prism and revising the traditional approach to the littoral without challenging past assertions
ANDRIEU, SANDRA. "Etude du formage des bronzes en relation avec des objets de la protohistoire nationale." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112385.
Full textWyremblewski, Ewa. "La vaisselle en "bronze" en Europe protohistorique : modèles et copies entre les XIIIe et VIIIe siècles avant notre ère." Lille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL30043.
Full textBetween the thirteenth and eighth centuries B. C. , the circulation of materials and finished products went well beyond their native production areas. This applies to the amphoras, cruciform-handled cauldrons and bowls with or without handles whose discovery all over Europe indicates that they were products with chronological, typological as well as stylistic agreements. From the 1950's onwards it had generally been thought that any substantial amount of artefacts retrieved in a given area indicated their "source" and the type of community using them. Therefore, according to most publications, since the more one would move away from this source the rarer they would become, the geographical origin of such vessels was the Carpathian Basin. Until now, standardization had been privileged without any consideration for the manufacturing conditions of aforementioned vessels. But since metal keeps a "memory" of the thermomechanical action undergone, archeometallurgy has helped shed new light on the materials, tools and procedures used in the Metal Ages by studying both the metal and alloy objects' surfaces and internal structures. The distribution of Final Bronze metal production is denser in Central Europe but nevertheless acknowleged in France, Germany, Austria, Italy and Northern Europe, from Blanot to Unterglauheim, and fixing wheter the techniques employed in Biernacice had been the same as in Veio or Hajdúböszörmény required a thorough examination of the technical choices involved - i. E. Alloys, foundry, hammering, decoration - and has rendered possible the identification of specialized workshops and circulation networks while enabling us to assert whether they revealed the displacement of a specific population rather than the diffusion of an artisanal know-how, in accordance with Claude Rolley's statement that "The capacity of a culture to import new techniques, or on the contrary to improve them by its own means, is both a spectacular demonstration and a mark of its vitality" (ROLLEY et al. 1988, p. 9). The main interest of this research is therefore the understanding of a technical evolution over several centuries. In this regard, if thirteenth century vessels had been manufactured with similar process as those of the eighth, a transcultural approach of exchanges and their diffusion in the Metal Ages had to be undertaken
Kaache, Bouchra. "Archeologie de l'art rupestre : indications chronologiques, environnementales et culturelles de la faune iconographique : application aux zoomorphes de Tazzarine et Msissi (Sud marocain)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX10102.
Full textNeuville, Pierre. "Les éléments de broyage de la préhistoire et de la protohistoire de la Corse dans le contexte méditerranéen." Corte, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CORT0003.
Full textPresentation of corsika historic of research works. Definition of a methodology and a functional typology of materials. Elaboration of a method for graphic reconstitution of objects. Inventory and description of materials, settlement by settlement grouped into microrégions. Presentation of elements, settlement by settlement and by microrégions. Summing up of studied materials. Study of datation problems, mediterranean context and grinding methods. Essay of determination of grind matters; essay on agricultural development in chalcolitic (influence on peopling). Conclusion (main characteristics of materials evolution throughout different periods)
Dupont-Delaleuf, Armance. "Styles techniques des céramiques de la protohistoire en Asie centrale : méthodologie et études de cas." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100190/document.
Full textCentral Asia is geographically and historically a large area unfairly overlooked. Yet, it is a huge territory formerly framed by the brilliant civilisations of the Indus and Mesopotamia. Since Neolithic, this region was the centre of population migrations and was a crossroad for the circulation of finished artefacts and raw materials.The pottery is in its way another set equally wide. It has become the reference artefact archaeologists working on for the periods without writing. For the analysis of forms, sets, clay and techniques, they constitutedthe artefact the most talkative.For many years, the techniques analysis strongly developed through the development of actualist frame of referencesuch as ethnography and experimentation. However, the technological approach has had a little opportunity to cross the Central Asia moving border. This work is the first meeting between those two giants. Ulug-Depe is an important site since it delivered the longest chrono-stratigraphy of Central Asia, from the Chalcolithic to the Iron Age. This site has become a pretext for a technological study on the long term, study that naturally blends the look of the potter. The question of the emergence and development of methods involving the rotary motion found here a fertile ground to address these issues in the long term and touch the social and anthropological implications of this innovation
Harfouche, Romana. "Histoire des paysages méditerranéens au cours de la protohistoire et de l'antiquité : aménagements et agriculture." Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX10097.
Full textIsoardi, Delphine. "Les populations protohistoriques du Sud-Est de la France : essai d'approche démographique." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01413079.
Full textGarcia, Dominique. "Entre Ibères et Ligures : Lodévois et moyenne vallée de l'Hérault de la fin de l'Age du Bronze au Principat d'Auguste." Montpellier 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON30025.
Full textThis area is neither a real frontier, nor a simple buffer zone, but rather a region with a real cultural and economic identity. Two factors play a determinant part : the river and the natural resources, particularly copper ore. During all protohistory, the river has a preponderant place in the populating system. At the end of bronze age, habitats are concentrated in the vicinity of cupriferous deposits. At the iron age, this area is populated by elysics who are interested in these mining resources. From the end of the 6th. Cent. , the resources in copper ore provoke the encounter of indigenous with etruscans and greeks. The first exchanges get on those raw materials, rare and indispensable to mediterranean peoples. Tapping of vein and metal deposits, wine and crockery, reveal these exchanges which make tip up indigenous's economy and way of life. Numerous agglomerations are then created. The agdes' seizure of hinterland is justified by those resources. In the 2d iron age, "proto-cities" as the oppidum of la ramasse give evidence of the great importance of those contacts (architecture, commercial relations. . . ). Without any doubt, it is the metal which vindicates the cadastration of mining areas from the outset of the narbonnaise creation, colonists having for first desire to manage those productive zones, politically sensible. It is also the metal which can explain the creation of lodeve-forum neroni whose territory delivers important traces of mining tapping
Horard-Herbin, Marie-Pierre. "L'élevage et les productions animales dans l'économie de la fin du second âge du fer à Levroux (Indre)." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010565.
Full textThis thesis is an archaeozoological study of an important site located in the center of Gaule, Levroux (Indre), and the work which has been done is based on the study of 200 000 animals bones. The purpose of this study is to show the importance of the various animal production in the economy of the second iron age. This site has been occupied for a very long period, from la Tène c2 until the gallo-roman period : this situation provides an unique opportunity to investigate on the contribution of the breeding of the animals and on the evolution of this contribution. This study allow to demonstrate an important transformation and also a specialization of the economic system during the second and the first century b. C. The main characteristics are the development of a local trade and also of a long distance trade both being based on the living animals, and on the animals productions (specially meat). Our conclusion joints out that the relationship between humans being and animals has determinated most of the social and economic transformations which occurred in the society of the second Iron Age
Py, Michel. "Culture, économie et société protohistoriques dans la région nîmoise /." Rome : Paris : École française de Rome ; diff. De Boccard, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36644450p.
Full textAndrieux, Philippe. "Prolégomènes à une étude tracéologique sur les structures d'élaboration thermique et les parois argilo-sableuse : application à la paléométallurgie du fer." Besançon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BESA1021.
Full textAnderson, Timothy J. "Les carrières de meules du sud de la péninsule ibérique, de la protohistoire à l'époque moderne." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00985009.
Full textMassounie, Guy. "Peuplements et paysages aux confins occidentaux du territoire des Arvernes de la protohistoire au moyen âge." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF20005/document.
Full textThe opening of the window of study of Combrailles provides new insights into the power and the wealth of the city of Arvernes.The occupacy of the territory is continuous from the Protohistory to the Middle Ages, with a great development at the time of the Roman Empire.The layout of two major ways is established : the density of population along their path proves the role they played.The settlement of the habitat (including those of the elites) on the whole territory shows the economic complementarity between rural areas and the cities.The density of mining spaces and the exploitation of gold during the Gallic period certainly contribute to the richness of Arvernes
Golosetti, Raphaël. "Géographie du Sacré du Sud-Est de la Gaule, de la Protohistoire récente au Haut-Empire." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10031.
Full textCouderc, Florian. "Sites et paysages protohistoriques en Basse-Auvergne (XXIIe - Ve s. av. J.-C.)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2021. https://dante.univ-tlse2.fr/id/eprint/13745.
Full textThe expansion of preventive archaeology during these two last decades have made the study of the Protohistoric landscapes possible throughout the country. The number of sites keep growing significantly every year. In addition, with these operations, there is a large development of research projects in Basse-Auvergne, especially on hillforts. To study a region on a long time approach, it is necessary to take all proxies of a site. It is important to start from the object, to the place of the settlements in the landscape. The landscape is like a book, each page contains the traces of successive settlements. In fact, the landscape is modified by economics, socio-political and religious activities, and it is important for archaeologist to understand its structure, and its history. The link between societies and their landscape is an essential component of their cultural identity.The Basse-Auvergne is a laboratory for landscape studies. In fact, this region contains a great number of data, for the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. In this research, there are 289 sites for 487 settlements recorded in a database. These data have been processed into statistical analyses thanks to GIS. Not all periods of Bronze Age or Early Iron Age are well documented. Few cases of study have been identified from which it is possible to do further investigation : Early Bronze Age habitats and necropolis ; Late Bronze Age hillforts ; Early Iron Age habitats and feasts settlements ; enclosures barrows landscape. This research shows the complex dynamics of the landscape use during the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. The history of Protohistoric societies, from simple to complex societies, is not a long evolution. It is a succession of models and social structures. There are specific to each culture of each period, with phases of expansion and contraction. Few interpreting models have been proposed about settlements function, especially to understand if come from economics or sociocultural needs. Palaeoenvironmental data from the area were used to identify the influence of the fluctuation of the environment on societies. The models built into Basse-Auvergne must be compared to other regions of France and in Europe. This way, it will be possible to understand if any types of sites, or landscape use, are a cultural adoption, or if they are an adaptation of a local context
Gauvry, Yoann. "L' exploitation minérale à la protohistoire ancienne dans la moitié nord de l'Europe : émergence d'un art mineur." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010568.
Full textVuillien, Manon. "Systèmes d'élevage et pastoralisme en Provence et dans les Alpes méridionales durant la Protohistoire : Nouvelles perspectives en archéozoologie." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ2020.
Full textFor nearly eight millennia, animal husbandry and pastoralism have played a major role in the evolution of human societies in the northwestern Mediterranean. For Provence and the Southern Alps, however, the patterns and dynamics of the systems of exploitation of animal resources are little known from the end of the Neolithic to the beginning of Romanization. The aim of this PhD is to better understand these processes by studying the archaeozoological data available for these periods, and through the analysis of faunal material from five key archaeological sites: the cave of Pertus II (Méailles, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence), the settlement of Place Mariéjol (Antibes, Alpes-Maritimes), the sanctuary of the Cime de Tournerie (Roubion, Alpes-Maritimes), the oppidum of Entremont (Aix-en-Provence, Bouches-du-Rhône) and the city of Maritima Avaticorum (Martigues, Bouches-du-Rhône). Three major issues have been explored in this perspective: the role of livestock in the diet of protohistoric societies, the morphotypical diversity of sheep and goats present in the Provencal and South-Alpine territory, and the development of breeding practices, particularly regarding the caprines, at that time.For this purpose, in addition to the classical methods used in archaeozoology (taxonomic identification, studies of butchery and consumption practices), we have applied and developed tools that have benefited from significant methodological advances in recent years: the study of bone morphometry and the analysis of mortality profiles of ungulates. Thanks to the elaboration of a specific protocol in 2D/3D geometric morphometrics, we evidenced the existence of several sheep morphotypes. By crossing these results with the data obtained on herd management strategies and livestock productions (meat, milk and wool), we showed that different sheep and goat breeding systems were in use in Provence. This diversity seems to be partly determined by the territorial and cultural configuration of the region, with marked differences between littoral and mountains regarding sheep husbandry, while in the Aix basin and around the Etang de Berre, a particular terroir seems to have favoured goat farming. The end of this period is characterised by changes in food practices reflected, notably, by an increase in the consumption of beef and pork in certain cities, under the double influence of urbanization and the Roman conquest. This research, in addition to providing new elements of knowledge on the history of food and animal production, contributes to proposing new methodological tools to explore the past biodiversity of domestic species
Mougne, Caroline. "Exploitation et utilisation des invertébrés marins durant la Protohistoire sur le territoire continental et littoral Manche-Atlantique français." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S020.
Full textThis work deals with the use and exploitation of marine invertebrates (molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms) during the Protohistory on the Channel and Atlantic coasts in France. It relies on the inventory of 197 sites characterized by the presence of this type of fauna. Some archaeomalacological studies have been realized on 32 of these sites, of which 17 during this thesis. The results allow to approach various themes, such as the environments exploited, the subsistence economy (food, geographical variations, exchange network), crafts (dyeing, beads, building material, etc.) and funeral and ritual practices (hoard, ritual meal). The study of the marine invertebrates thus contributes to a better understanding of the socio-economical and cultural systems of the littoral and continental communities during the Protohistory
Este trabajo se centra en el uso y explotación de los invertebrados marinos (moluscos, crustáceos y equinodermos) durante la Protohistoria en la costa de la Mancha y Atlántica de Francia. La investigación se basa en un inventario de 197 sitios arqueológicos con presencia de restos malacológicos, sobre 32 de ellos se ha realizado un estudio arqueomalacológico, de los cuales 17 se han desarrollado e incluido en el contexto de esta tesis doctoral. Los resultados obtenidos se han orientado a tratar una variedad de cuestiones, como el medioambiente explotado, la economía de subsistencia a partir de diferentes perspectivas (la alimentación, las especificaciones geográfica, o las redes de intercambio), la producción artesanal (tintes, elementos de adorno o material de construcción), o las prácticas funerarias y rituales (elementos de ajuar, comidas rituales). El estudio de los invertebrados marinos contribuye así a una mejor comprensión de los sistemas culturales y socio-económicos de las comunidades costeras y también continentales a lo largo de la Protohistoria
Neuville, Pierre. "Les Eléments de broyage de la Préhistoire et de la Protohistoire de la Corse dans le contexte méditerranéen." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37616856v.
Full textDrieu, Léa. "Fabrication et usages des poteries durant le Néolithique et la Protohistoire en Europe : les apports de l’archéologie biomoléculaire." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2020/document.
Full textFor more than 30 years, biomolecular archaeology has been concerned with investigating organic products, mainly lipids, absorbed within archaeological pottery walls during their use thanks to separation, structural and isotopic techniques. To study interactions between the ceramic matrix and lipids, still poorly understood, this doctoral project have been built through a holistic approach that aims to consider the entire pottery subsystem, from the sourcing of raw materials to the disposal of the vessel. For this purpose, archaeological potsherds from various chronological, geographical and cultural contexts (from the Jura to Sardinia, between the VIth and the Ist millennium BC) have been investigated using classical methods of biomolecular archaeology. Additionally a wide range of experiments and complementary analyses were undertaken through collaborative projects involving diverse fields (study of manufacturing techniques, petrography, material science, soil study, etc.). By exploring the considerable informative potential of lipids and precisely understanding their absorption and preservation mechanisms, specific chaînes opératoires (low temperature and/or short firing, post-firing surface treatments) have been revealed and vessel use and resource exploitation by Pre- and Protohistoric society from the Mediterranean and the Jura regions have been explored
Auxerre-Géron, Florie-Anne. "L'Homme et la moyenne montagne durant la Protohistoire dans le Massif central : enquête en Haute-Auvergne et Limousin." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2017. http://dante.univ-tlse2.fr/id/eprint/13785.
Full textThe Haute Auvergne, located in Cantal, and Limousin Mountains across North of Corrèze, South of Creuse and far east of Haute Vienne, represent the study area on which this research was conducted. These are medium sized mountain territories, which represent real conservatories for all period installations, notably for Protohistory. This study area is therefore a real laboratory allowing statistic and spatial approaches. Furthermore, these territories offer numerous wetlands and bogs by which paleo-environmental data are made available. Thus, these supplements the information provided by the metallic artefacts originated from non-funeral depositories or isolated discoveries, by the settlements, notably by the hillforts, but also by the funeral domain, well represented through the good conservation of barrows cemeteries. This research has a thematic approach on these many data, for the Bronze Age but also for the Iron Ages, to apprehend the question of the occupation of these special topographic contexts on the long term, the Man/environment Interaction, and the connections between high grounds and lower areas. We here offer an essay on protohistoric geography that will lead to discussions and new research perspectives
Meunier, Emmanuelle. "Évolutions dans l'exploitation minière entre le second âge du Fer et le début de la période romaine dans le Sud-Ouest de la Gaule : le cas du district pyrénéen à cuivre argentifère du Massif de l'Arize." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20071.
Full textMining archaeology, in a continual dialogue with Earth and Environment Sciences, aims to define the different aspects of mining exploitations, replacing them within their chronological context. This work, focussed on the study of the Pyrenean district for argentiferous copper of the Arize Mountains, attempts to shed light on the environmental, technical and socio-economical contexts of this activity, through the prism of mining archaeology, associated with pedo-anthracological and geological approaches. These approaches remained on an exploratory level but open on very diverse prospects.The field work carried out as part of these investigations led to indentify three stages of ancient activity in the Arize district. The first one, between the 4th and 3rd century BC, brings new data about a widely unknown period in the region. The second one, between the end of the 2nd century BC and the reign of Augustus, allows thinking about the modalities and rhythms of the integration of this district in the Transalpine Gaul. The third one, in the 14th century, comes under a completely different historical context and leads to question the reasons of the interruption of mining after the reign of Augustus. Taking into account the other mines known and studied in the south-West of Gaul allows us to identify the special features or the similarities between the Arize district and regional mines, from the second Iron Age to the High Roman Empire. Some comparisons with other districts well characterised in Gaul or Iberian Peninsula contribute to determine the local, regional or European dynamics acting in the evolution of mining activity in the South-West of Gaul during Antiquity
Oberweiler, Cécile. "La métallurgie du cuivre et du bronze dans le monde égéen du Bronze Ancien au début du Bronze Récent (IIIe millénaire - début du IIe millénaire av. J. -C. ) : les techniques de fonderie." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010693.
Full textBaralis, Alexandre. "Essai de monographie régionale : Habitat et réseaux d'occupation spatiale en Thrace égéenne (de la fin du Mésolithique à l'époque classique)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX10083.
Full textBurger, Emilien. "Métallurgie extractive protohistorique du cuivre : étude thermodynamique et cinétique des réactions chimiques de transformation de minerais de cuivre sulfurés en métal et caractérisation des procédés." Paris 6, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00368257.
Full textThis PhD thesis is aimed at studying chemical transformations of copper sulphides to shed light on a particular archaeological issue: the reconstruction of the copper smelting processes during protohistory (IVth-IIth millennium BC). More specifically, archaeological data from the protohistorical sites shows two main characteristics: - Only one type of reactor was excavated in all the sites studied, while all sulphides smelting processes mentioned in literature require two different types of reactor. - An important technological gap occurred between the Chalcolithic period and the Early Bronze Age, suggested by a drastic increase of copper production scale. The two main steps of the copper extractive metallurgy process starting from chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), roasting ‘oxidation at solid state) and smelting, are studied by experimental simulations at laboratory scale by modelizing the conditions of protohistoric furnaces. On one hand, kinetic of roasting is studied by thermogravimetry combined with the analysis of synthetic products. On the other hand, smelting simulations are performed to establish a calibrated correspondance between slag microstructure and two parameters affecting the chemical potential of oxygen: initial quantity of oxide and pO2 in the system. These experimental simulations lead to: - characterising the chemical reactions governing the transformation of iron-copper sulphides and proposing the mechanisms of these reactions; - developing a reference collection of synthetic products. These samples have been recreated under simulated protohistoric conditions, i
Guichard, Vincent. "Arvernes et Ségusiaves au second âge du fer : contribution à l'étude des sociétés gauloises de France centrale." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOL019.
Full textThis thesis is a compilation of studies that consider several aspects of the archaeological evidence available in the north of massif central (France) for the period of the late iron age (3rd-1st centuries B. -C. ) : "typo-chronology" of several categories of artefacts (namely pottery, coins, jewelry), spatial cultural divisions (through funeral practices and pottery), and evolution of the Gallic society subsequent to the appearance of the oppida (at the turn of the 2nd and 1st centuries) and to Romanization. We defend that the most important social change of the period (and the one the bene fit of which was amplified after the roman conquest) for this region is not the one induced by oppida but the slow organization of society started in the 3rd century: the setting up of stable commercial routes and large size open settlements, the stabilization of regional political entities (the Caesar's civitates) and of a political elite
Cassen, Serge. "Protohistoire du Centre-Ouest de la France au IVe millenaire avant J. C. : (Matignons, Moulin de Vent, Peu-Richard)." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010572.
Full textAs a first step, we consider the stratified infilling included in a selection of sites in order to revise the chronological sequences of the fourth millenium before christ (cal). Two synchronus evolutive dynamics are thus described : matignons-peu-richardien and matignons-moulin de vent. Lifestyles are investigated through the ceramics production, lithic industry, bone tools, structure of habitations and notions of agrosystems. Neolithic enclosures of west-central france are then put into the european context to bring out the greatest number of similarities possible between distinct geographical areas of research. Finally, projecting interpretations concerning interrupted ditch systems, anthropological perspectives are considered with regards to archaeological projects
Cassen, Serge. "Protohistoire du centre-ouest de la France au quatrième millénaire avant Jésus-Christ (Matignons, Moulin de Vent, Peu-Richard)." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596520h.
Full textวรวิทย์, บุญไทย Worrawit. "Paléodémographie du site de protohistorique Pratupha : étude comparative avec l'Inde du Sud." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H005.
Full textThe study primarily aims for a palacodemographic assessment of human skeletons recovered from the Pratu Pha site in order to project the research potential of human bones for understanding the nature of bio-cultural adaptations of the protohistork Pratu Pha population. The observed skeletal features are interpreted and compared with available skeletal data from South and South-cast Asian skeletal populations, esp. the protohistoric Ban Chiang population (2100 BCE-200 AD) of Northeastern Thailand. To understand possible microevolutionary trends in skeletal morphometry in Thailand, some results of research work undertaken for the lndian sub-continent are mentioned and used in this study for projecting possible evolutionary scenario in Thailand for the last 5000 years. The Pralu Pha sample comprises both male and female individuals of varying ages. Both are probably present in the collection, though this cannot be stated with certainty. The skeletal population can be therefore taken as cross-section representation of the bygone society. The palaeopathological observations provide evidence of the daily lives and ways of life of the people. Several lines of evidence indicate that daily life was physically strenuous. While there are occurrences of fractures in these remains, including one possible case of fracture near the lime of death, there are no indications of systematic warfare or other interpersonal violence. The lndian subcontinent provides an excellent array of human skeletal evidence belonging to various cultural phases. These populations include a rich spectrum of cultural adaptations, including hunting and gathering in the Mesolithic, urbanization in the Harappan, agro-pastoralism in the Neolithic Chalcolithic, and Iron-Age economy in the Megalithic. Cross-cultural comparisons in the Indian context show differences in cranial features of pre-agricultural and early agro-pastoral populations revealed by two significant changes in cranial morphometry. The hypothesis tested successfully for sites in the Indian sub-continent is worth trying in Thailand
Pagnoux, Clemence. "Émergence, développement et diversification de l'arboriculture en Grèce du Néolithique à l'époque romaine : confrontation des données archéobotaniques, morphométriques, épigraphiques et littéraires." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H054/document.
Full textLittle is known concerning the history of arboriculture in Greece; only the grapevine and the olive tree have been a subject of interest for a long time. The aim of this work is to understand how fruit trees were cultivated in Greece between the Neolithic and the Roman period. This is why published archaeobotanical data (seeds and fruits) from 56 sites were taken into account in our synthesis. A survey of all references to fruits and fruit trees in epigraphic documents (Mycenaean and classic Greek) and in ancient authors has also been achieved. Archaeological pips and stones were submitted to Geometric Morphometry. Our approach reveals how fruit trees were used from the Neolithic up to the Roman period; while the grapevine, the olive tree and the fig tree predominate ail the time, it is clear that the importance of certain wild fruits decreases after the Bronze Age as new others are introduced. The first domesticated grapevines appear during the Bronze Age while a single selected variety of olive tree is present from the early Bronze Age to the Roman period. The first manifestations of arboriculture concern woodland edges and partially cleared land plots, real fruit tree plantations appear during the late Bronze Age, at the latest. Extensive vineyards appear during the Classical period, while a more specialized agriculture aiming at maximum profit characterizes the Roman period, as testified by the works on agronomy and the search for new varieties of olives and grapevines. Despite the search for higher yields, the use of less selected domesticates and wild fruits remains a reality until the roman period
Varennes, Guillaume. "Dynamiques et formes de peuplement dans la plaine de la Valloire (Drôme/Isère) : de la Protohistoire récente au haut Moyen Âge." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662389.
Full textLiottier, Léonor. "Bois et forêts en France méditerranéenne durant la Protohistoire : une approche des pratiques et des usages. Etude anthracologique, dendroécologique et spatiale." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30089.
Full textIt is a multidisciplinary study in archaeology of protohistoric times and paleoenvironnement. The subject of the thesis is « Societies, wood et forests from bronze age to Roman period, by anthracology of archaeological sites of southern France : an approach of practices and wood using ». The aim of this archaeobotanical approach is on the one hand, to understand the landscape changes under anthropic and natural effects, and on the other hand the repercussions on firewood collecting practices and wood using
Mbow, Marie-Amy. "Les amas coquilliers du delta du Sénégal : étude ethno-archéologique." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010710.
Full textLittoral zones were occupied by men, since the end of the pleistocene and the beginning of the holocene period, as is revealed by the occurence of archacological shell middens, approximatively 10 000 b. P. The study of some shell middens located in the sahelo-sudanese region of west africa, is relevant to : the population migrations after the drought of the sahara, the transition between the neolithic and the iron age, ecological changes effects on human settlements and the long process of adaptation to the littoral and coastal environment that still continue nowadays. In senegal, shell middens studies enables to understand the progressive trend that has resulted into the integration of the various cultural and ethnical groups, leaving now in the senegambian area. Unpublished archaeological researches were done on shell middens of the delta of the senegal river. Our study has been conducted on an multidisciplinary approach that has stressed paleogeographical, chronological, cultural anethnographic aspects of the middens. The thesis contains 4 parts and is divided in chapters : the first part presents the different shell middens located, from north to south, along the estuaries of the senegal, saloum and casamance rivers, the archaeological excavations historical backgrounds, the natural environment; the second part presents the studied sites, the paleogeographical evolution of the local environment during the holocene, the midden depositionnal and postdepositionnal process as well as the chronological bakgrounds; the third part presents the artefacts analysis of the 6 sites studied, the archacological study abstracts, the regional and local relation between the sites; the fourth part presents the conclusions of the studies on current shell gathering in senegal and their contribution to the knowledge of archaeological shell middens. A synthesis and conclusions complete the presentation which ends at with thoughts on future researches and the dangers caused to shell middens by both their exploitation and the rapid urbanization of the littoral zones
Serres, Thierry. "Les Associations de gravures protohistoriques de la région du mont Bego : Etude et interprétation." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MNHN0042.
Full textNuninger, Laure. "Peuplement et territoires protohistoriques du VIIIe au 1er siècle avant J. -C. En Languedoc oriental (Gard-Hérault)." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA1029.
Full textRenard-Collias, Josette. "Habitat et mode de vie dans le Péloponnèse au Bronze ancien : IIIème millénaire av. J.C." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010628.
Full textThe introduction gives the geographical, chronological and cultural framework of the study. Its main topic - everyday life - is set out, as well as its goals and method. * In the first part, the 171 archaeological sites building up the corpus of the study are presented and described. As a final assessment, it is shown that the nature and value of available information are widely conditioned by the history of research. * The second part deals with three main themes : settlement, way of life and death - the first theme copes with choosing and organizing the settlement : its location in the environment, its development as a collective living space, and the building and setting up of houses. - the second theme copes with everyday life activities. The finds are divided up into five groups : workmanship, subsistence, clothing - together with ornament and toilet requisites -, exchange and play. - the third theme deals with mortuary practices, which show the behaviour of the living towards death and the dead, but might also bear evidence of social organization