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Journal articles on the topic 'Proton centre'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

McKenna, Paul, Filip Lindau, Olle Lundh, David Neely, Anders Persson, and Claes-Göran Wahlström. "High-intensity laser-driven proton acceleration: influence of pulse contrast." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 364, no. 1840 (2006): 711–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2005.1733.

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Proton acceleration from the interaction of ultra-short laser pulses with thin foil targets at intensities greater than 10 18 W cm −2 is discussed. An overview of the physical processes giving rise to the generation of protons with multi-MeV energies, in well defined beams with excellent spatial quality, is presented. Specifically, the discussion centres on the influence of laser pulse contrast on the spatial and energy distributions of accelerated proton beams. Results from an ongoing experimental investigation of proton acceleration using the 10 Hz multi-terawatt Ti : sapphire laser (35 fs,

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2

Junge, Wolfgang, Michael Haumann, Ralf Ahlbrink, Armen Mulkidjanian, and Jürgen Clausen. "Electrostatics and proton transfer in photosynthetic water oxidation." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 357, no. 1426 (2002): 1407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2002.1137.

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Photosystem II (PSII) oxidizes two water molecules to yield dioxygen plus four protons. Dioxygen is released during the last out of four sequential oxidation steps of the catalytic centre (S 0 ⇒ S 1 , S 1 ⇒ S 2 , S 2 ⇒ S 3 , S 3 ⇒ S 4 → S 0 ). The release of the chemically produced protons is blurred by transient, highly variable and electrostatically triggered proton transfer at the periphery (Bohr effect). The extent of the latter transiently amounts to more than one H + /e – under certain conditions and this is understood in terms of electrostatics. By kinetic analyses of electron–proton tr

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3

Heinz, Günther. "First steps to proton therapy centre." Lancet Oncology 1, no. 4 (2000): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(00)00144-3.

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4

Penner, Crystal, Samuel Usherovich, Jana Niedermeier, et al. "Organic Scintillator-Fibre Sensors for Proton Therapy Dosimetry: SCSF-3HF and EJ-260." Electronics 12, no. 1 (2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010011.

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In proton therapy, the dose from secondary neutrons to the patient can contribute to side effects and the creation of secondary cancer. A simple and fast detection system to distinguish between dose from protons and neutrons both in pretreatment verification as well as potentially in vivo monitoring is needed to minimize dose from secondary neutrons. Two 3 mm long, 1 mm diameter organic scintillators were tested for candidacy to be used in a proton–neutron discrimination detector. The SCSF-3HF (1500) scintillating fibre (Kuraray) and EJ-260 plastic scintillator (Eljen Technology) were irradiat

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5

Freeman, Tami. "Cancer patients treated for first time ever with proton arc therapy." Physics World 38, no. 4 (2025): 13ii. https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/38/04/14.

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6

Bélanger-Champagne, Camille, David Roddy, Crystal Penner, et al. "Delivery of proton FLASH at the TRIUMF Proton Therapy Research Centre." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 1052 (July 2023): 168243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2023.168243.

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7

Muhammad, S. Ansari, H. Rama Nasim, Saeed Aamer, W. Bird Clive, and T. Hussain Muhammad. "Diastereotopy in some 3,4-dihydroisocoumarins and related compounds." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 77, Jan 2000 (2000): 39–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5861697.

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Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan Department of Chemistry, King's College, Campden Hill, London W8 7AH, U.K. <em>Manuscript received 23 March 1998, accepted 11 May 1999</em> Some complex situations of diastereotopy involving two methylene groups about a chiral centre are reported. In this regard, NMR data for protons at and vicinal to the chiral centre in eight different 3,4-dihydrooisocoumarins (1), as well as eleven related compounds (2) are presented. In the dihydroisocoumarins (1) both methylene groups adjacent to the chiral centre behave as diastere

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8

Bianchi, A., A. Selva, M. Rossignoli, et al. "Microdosimetric analysis of the radiation quality of two different proton beams in the distal edge of the depth-dose profile." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 199, no. 15-16 (2023): 1979–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncac236.

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Abstract Proton-therapy exploits the advantageous depth-dose profile of protons to induce the highest damage to tumoral cells in the last millimetres of their range in sharp Bragg Peak. To cover the whole tumoral volume, beams of different energies are combined to create the Spread Out Bragg Peak (SOBP). In passive modulated beams, the energy spread is created with modulators in which the highest energy beam is degraded through different thicknesses of calibrated plastic materials. The highest energy is chosen depending on the deepest point that needs to be treated. This study aims to investig

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9

Aitkenhead, A. H., C. G. Rowbottom, and R. I. MacKay. "Throughput Modelling for a Proton Therapy Centre." Clinical Oncology 23, no. 3 (2011): S13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clon.2011.01.341.

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10

Sezgin, Orhan, and Hasan Yardımcı. "The appropriate use of proton pump inhibitors: Single centre experience." Akademik Gastroenteroloji Dergisi 24, no. 1 (2025): 35–40. https://doi.org/10.17941/agd.1684056.

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Bacground and Aims: Proton pump inhibitors are a class of pharmaceuticals that effectively inhibit gastric acid secretion. Their utilisation is increasing on a global scale. However, the use of proton pump inhibitors for off-label and unnecessary indications has also increased significantly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness of proton pump inhibitor use. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as a single-centre, cross-sectional observational study. Between 10 March 2022 and 10 April 2022, patients admitted to the Gastroenterology Clinic of Mersin University Fac

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11

Patel, S., J. A. Whitlock, I. A. Olivotto, et al. "PS1 - 186 Needs Assessment for a Pediatric Proton Therapy Program in Canada." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 43, S4 (2016): S12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2016.362.

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Proton therapy enables normal tissue sparing for curative-intent treatment of children with cancer who require radiation therapy. In the USA and elsewhere, proton therapy is being rapidly adopted, and many new proton centres are being established. Without a proton centre in Canada, children and their families must travel abroad for treatment at high cost and has raised the question whether a Canadian proton therapy facility is needed. METHODS: Canadian Pediatric Oncology centres were surveyed to assess current and future clinical practices. Needs were modeled by screening the Alberta Cancer Re

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12

Gorriz, Rene F., Senta Volkenandt, and Petra Imhof. "Protonation-State Dependence of Hydration and Interactions in the Two Proton-Conducting Channels of Cytochrome c Oxidase." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 13 (2023): 10464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310464.

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Cytochrome c Oxidase (CcO), a membrane protein of the respiratory chain, pumps protons against an electrochemical gradient by using the energy of oxygen reduction to water. The (“chemical”) protons required for this reaction and those pumped are taken up via two distinct channels, named D-channel and K-channel, in a step-wise and highly regulated fashion. In the reductive phase of the catalytic cycle, both channels transport protons so that the pumped proton passes the D-channel before the “chemical” proton has crossed the K-channel. By performing molecular dynamics simulations of CcO in the O

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13

Hazdra, Pavel, Stanislav Popelka, and Adolf Schöner. "Local Lifetime Control in 4H-SiC by Proton Irradiation." Materials Science Forum 924 (June 2018): 436–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.924.436.

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The effect of local lifetime control by proton irradiation on the OCVD response of a 10 kV SiC PiN diode was investigated. Carrier lifetime was reduced locally by irradiation with 800 keV protons at fluences up to 1x1011cm-2. Radiation defects were characterized by DLTS and C-V profiling; excess carrier dynamics were measured by the OCVD and analyzed using the calibrated device simulator ATLAS from Silvaco, Inc. Results show that proton implantation followed by low temperature annealing can be used for controllable local lifetime reduction in SiC devices. The dominant recombination centre is t

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14

De Saint-Hubert, M., C. Saldarriaga Vargas, O. Van Hoey, et al. "SECONDARY NEUTRON DOSES IN A PROTON THERAPY CENTRE." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 170, no. 1-4 (2015): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncv458.

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15

Hunter, Naomi, Reid Tingley, Brad Peori, and Keith Vaughan. "Triazene derivatives of (1,x)-diazacycloalkanes. Part VIII. Synthesis and characterization of a series of 1,4-di[2-aryl-1-diazenyl]-2-methylpiperazines1." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 85, no. 3 (2007): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v07-013.

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A series of 1,4-di-[2-aryl-1-diazenyl]-2-methylpiperazines (4a–n) have been synthesized by the reaction of 2-methylpiperazine with 2 equiv. of the appropriate diazonium salt. The products have been characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy, and the molecular composition has been verified by HR-EIMS, with accurate mass measurement of the molecular ion. The presence of a chiral centre at C2 of the piperazine ring in the bistriazene 4 creates a multitude of diastereotopic protons in the methylene groups of the piperazine ring, as evidenced by the complexity of the NMR spectra, which nevertheless c

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16

George, G. N., R. C. Bray, F. F. Morpeth, and D. H. Boxer. "Complexes with halide and other anions of the molybdenum centre of nitrate reductase from Escherichia coli." Biochemical Journal 227, no. 3 (1985): 925–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2270925.

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The interconversion of nitrate reductase from Escherichia coli between low-pH and high-pH Mo(V) e.p.r. signal-giving species was re-investigated [cf. Vincent & Bray (1978) Biochem. J. 171, 639-647]. The process cannot be described by a single pK value, since the apparent pK for interconversion is raised by the presence of various anions. The low-pH form of the enzyme exists as a series of complexes with different anion ligands of molybdenum. Each complex has specific and slightly different e.p.r. parameters, but all show strong coupling of Mo(V) to a single proton, exchangeable with the so

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17

Afanasiev, A., R. Vainio, A. P. Rouillard, M. Battarbee, A. Aran, and P. Zucca. "Modelling of proton acceleration in application to a ground level enhancement." Astronomy & Astrophysics 614 (June 2018): A4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201731343.

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Context. The source of high-energy protons (above ~500 MeV) responsible for ground level enhancements (GLEs) remains an open question in solar physics. One of the candidates is a shock wave driven by a coronal mass ejection, which is thought to accelerate particles via diffusive-shock acceleration. Aims. We perform physics-based simulations of proton acceleration using information on the shock and ambient plasma parameters derived from the observation of a real GLE event. We analyse the simulation results to find out which of the parameters are significant in controlling the acceleration effic

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18

Barker, Claire, Matthew Lowe, and Ganesh Radhakrishna. "An introduction to proton beam therapy." British Journal of Hospital Medicine 80, no. 10 (2019): 574–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/hmed.2019.80.10.574.

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Radiotherapy is a highly effective anti-cancer treatment commonly used alongside systemic therapies and surgery to achieve long-term cancer-free survival. Conventional radiotherapy uses photon beams to deliver a high dose of radiation to the tumour volume to eradicate cancer cells. This has to be offset against the irradiation of surrounding normal tissues, as increasing this dose causes more treatment-related toxicity. In August 2018, the NHS's first high energy proton beam therapy centre opened at The Christie NHS Foundation Trust in Manchester. A second NHS centre is scheduled to open in 20

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19

Arnaldi, Ugo. "Hadrontherapy in the World and the Programmes of the Tera Foundation." Tumori Journal 84, no. 2 (1998): 188–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089169808400216.

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Hadrontherapy was born in 1938, when neutron beams were used in cancer therapy, but it has become an accepted therapeutical modality only in the last five years. Fast neutrons are still in use, even if their limitations are now apparent. Charged hadron beams are more favorable, since the largest specific energy deposition occurs at the end of their range in matter. The most used hadrons are at present protons and carbon ions. Both allow a dose deposition which conforms to the tumour target. Radiobiological experiments and the results of the first clinical trials indicate that carbon ions have,

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20

Tommasino, Francesco, Marta Rovituso, Eleonora Bortoli, et al. "A new facility for proton radiobiology at the Trento proton therapy centre: Design and implementation." Physica Medica 58 (February 2019): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2019.02.001.

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21

Dimitrova, Maria, Nezabravka Tsvetanova, Daniel Penchev, and Guenka Petrova. "Proton therapy for head and neck cancer therapy: A real-world data case study from Bulgaria." Pharmacia 71 (July 2, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e129379.

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Head and neck cancers (HNC) are one of the most severe types of cancer in Europe, accounting for almost 4.5% of all cancer types, according to GLOBOCAN. The incidence is geographically variable, with higher rates observed in Eastern and Southern Europe than in Northern and Western Europe. Proton and photon therapies are both available treatment approaches for head and neck cancer, as each has its own unique advantages, characteristics, and considerations. Proton therapy is the newest one and is considered safer among both. The current study aims to analyse the available data for patients with

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Dimitrova, Maria, Nezabravka Tsvetanova, Daniel Penchev, and Guenka Petrova. "Proton therapy for head and neck cancer therapy: A real-world data case study from Bulgaria." Pharmacia 71 (July 2, 2024): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e129379.

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Head and neck cancers (HNC) are one of the most severe types of cancer in Europe, accounting for almost 4.5% of all cancer types, according to GLOBOCAN. The incidence is geographically variable, with higher rates observed in Eastern and Southern Europe than in Northern and Western Europe. Proton and photon therapies are both available treatment approaches for head and neck cancer, as each has its own unique advantages, characteristics, and considerations. Proton therapy is the newest one and is considered safer among both. The current study aims to analyse the available data for patients with

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23

Zimmer, Oliver, Hélène M. Jouve, and Heinrich B. Stuhrmann. "Polarized proton spin density images the tyrosyl radical locations in bovine liver catalase." IUCrJ 3, no. 5 (2016): 326–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205225251601054x.

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A tyrosyl radical, as part of the amino acid chain of bovine liver catalase, supports dynamic proton spin polarization (DNP). Finding the position of the tyrosyl radical within the macromolecule relies on the accumulation of proton polarization close to it, which is readily observed by polarized neutron scattering. The nuclear scattering amplitude due to the polarization of protons less than 10 Å distant from the tyrosyl radical is ten times larger than the amplitude of magnetic neutron scattering from an unpaired polarized electron of the same radical. The direction of DNP was inverted every

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24

Hope, AB, J. Liggins, and DB Matthews. "The Kinetics of Reactions in and Near the Cytochrome b/f Complex of Chloroplast Thylakoids. I. Proton Deposition." Functional Plant Biology 15, no. 5 (1988): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9880695.

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The kinetics of proton deposition in the intrathylakoid spaces of pea chloroplasts were measured under a wide range of conditions. With duroquinol added to reduce the plastoquinone pool, and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea added to inhibit photosystem II, but no ionophore present, the proton deposition, attributed to plastoquinol oxidation, was biphasic. About half the deposition had an apparent rate constant (k) of 150-200 s-1, the other half about 10 s-1. Valinomycin or nonactin (<0.1 �M) plus potassium ions made the deposition almost monophasic, with k = 140 s-1. When the state o

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Csontos, Ágnes Anna, Bálint Fekete, Katalin Lőrinczy, et al. "Prevalence of gastric polypoid lesions in a single endoscopic centre." Orvosi Hetilap 154, no. 20 (2013): 770–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2013.29617.

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Background: The prevalence of gastric polyps is unknown in Hungary. Aim: The aim of the authors was to assess the prevalence of polypoid lesions of the stomach in the endoscopic centre of the 2nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University. Methods: Results of upper gastrointestinal endoscopies carried out between March 2010 and June 2011 were analysed. Results: 193 cases with polyps were diagnosed in 4174 endoscopies (4.62%). Hyperplastic polyps, fundic gland polyps and malignant lesion were detected in 33.67%, 31.09% and 2.07% of the cases, respectively. Proton pump inhibitor use was more

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Moreno-Pérez, J. A., I. Ruiz-García, P. Martín-Holgado, et al. "General Purpose Transistor Characterized as Dosimetry Sensor of Proton Beams." Sensors 23, no. 7 (2023): 3771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23073771.

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A commercial pMOS transistor (MOSFET), 3N163 from Vishay (USA), has been characterized as a low-energy proton beam dosimeter. The top of the samples’ housing has been removed to guarantee that protons reached the sensitive area, that is, the silicon die. Irradiations took place at the National Accelerator Centre (Seville, Spain). During irradiations, the transistors were biased to improve the sensitivity, and the silicon temperature was monitored activating the parasitic diode of the MOSFET. Bias voltages of 0, 1, 5, and 10 V were applied to four sets of three transistors, obtaining an average

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27

Noguchi, Takumi. "FTIR detection of water reactions in the oxygen-evolving centre of photosystem II." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1494 (2007): 1189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2214.

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Flash-induced Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) difference spectroscopy has been used to study the water-oxidizing reactions in the oxygen-evolving centre of photosystem II. Reactions of water molecules were directly monitored by detecting the OH stretching bands of weakly H-bonded OH of water in the 3700–3500 cm −1 region in FTIR difference spectra during S-state cycling. In the S 1 →S 2 transition, a band shift from 3588 to 3617 cm −1 was observed, indicative of a weakened H-bond. Decoupling experiments using D 2 O : H 2 O (1 : 1) showed that this OH arose from a water molecule with an asymm

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28

Ramli, Sevarianus, Jehunias L. Tanesib, and Albert Zicko Johannes. "PEMODELAN DUA DIMENSI MENGGUNAKAN RESIDUAL ANOMALI MAGNETIK LOKASI SAINS CENTER DI DESA OELNASI, KECAMATAN KUPANG TENGAH, KABUPATEN KUPANG." Jurnal Fisika : Fisika Sains dan Aplikasinya 2, no. 2 (2018): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35508/fisa.v2i2.548.

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ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan metode geomagnet pada lokasi Sains Center di Desa Oelnasi, Kecamatan Kupang Tengah, Kabupaten Kupang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginterpretasi kondisi bawah permukaan lokasi pembangunan gedung Sains Center dan memetakan pola perlapisan batuan bawah permukaan di lokasi penelitian. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada 192 titik ukur dengan luas lokasi ± 50 Ha. Proses akusisi data dengan sistem looping menggunakan alat Proton Prosession Magnetometer (PPM) tipe GSM-19T. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebaran nilai intensitas medan magnetik total dari

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Orecchia, Roberto, and Marco Krengli. "Number of Potential Patients to be Treated with Proton Therapy in Italy." Tumori Journal 84, no. 2 (1998): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089169808400218.

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In radiotherapy, the use of proton beams is one of the most promising approaches in order to reduce the treatment volume and, consenquently, increase the total dose avoiding severe complications to the normal tissues surrounding the target. Among the new hospital-based facilities that are planned for the next future, the italian project is in an advanced stage of study. Because of the complexity and high cost of the italian centre, one of the most important information in order to establish the cost/benefit balance, is represented by the number of potential patients to be treated for the vario

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Fernández Gómez, Miguel. "Search for K ⁰ → μ ⁺ μ ⁻ μ ⁺ μ ⁻ at the LHCb experiment". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2446, № 1 (2023): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2446/1/012018.

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Abstract These proceedings discuss the search for K S(L) 0 → μ + μ − μ + μ − decays, performed using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of 13TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.1 fb−1 . Upper limits are computed to be, at 90% C.L., B ( K S(L) 0 → μ + μ − μ + μ − ) < 5.1 × 10 − 12 ( 2.3 × 10 − 9 ) .

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LHCb Collaboration, R. Aaij, A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb, et al. "Search for the doubly heavy baryon decaying to *." Chinese Physics C 47, no. 9 (2023): 093001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/ace9c8.

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Abstract A first search for the decay is performed by the LHCb experiment with a data sample of proton-proton collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb−1 recorded at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV. Two peaking structures are seen with a local (global) significance of and standard deviations at masses of 6571 and 6694 MeV/ , respectively. Upper limits are set on the baryon production cross-section times the branching fraction relative to that of the decay at centre-of-mass energies of 8 and 13 TeV, in the and in the rapidity and transverse-momentum ranges from 2

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Javurkova, Martina. "The Fast Simulation Chain in the ATLAS experiment." EPJ Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 03012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125103012.

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The ATLAS experiment relies heavily on simulated data, requiring the production of billions of simulated proton-proton collisions every run period. As such, the simulation of collisions (events) is the single biggest CPU resource consumer. ATLAS’s finite computing resources are at odds with the expected conditions during the High Luminosity LHC era, where the increase in proton-proton centre-of-mass energy and instantaneous luminosity will result in higher particle multiplicities and roughly five-fold additional interactions per bunch-crossing with respect to LHC Run-2. Therefore, significant

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Obini, Halima Ugomma. "Electron-proton interaction in radio sources." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 15, S356 (2019): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921320003634.

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AbstractA method of treating electron-proton interaction is presented. The energies involved in the interaction are estimated. Only elastic collisions are considered. The cross sections of the processes are not taken into account. Calculations are carried out in the centre of mass frame. Relevant quantities are transformed into the laboratory frame. Results indicate that the energy per collision gained by an electron ranges from 0.5 MeV to 0.6 MeV, under suitable conditions.

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Pignol, Jean-Philippe, and Jakobus Slabbert. "Recoil proton, alpha particle, and heavy ion impacts on microdosimetry and RBE of fast neutrons: analysis of kerma spectra calculated by Monte Carlo simulation." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 79, no. 2 (2001): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y00-088.

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Fast neutrons (FN) have a higher radio-biological effectiveness (RBE) compared with photons, however the mechanism of this increase remains a controversial issue. RBE variations are seen among various FN facilities and at the same facility when different tissue depths or thicknesses of hardening filters are used. These variations lead to uncertainties in dose reporting as well as in the comparisons of clinical results. Besides radiobiology and microdosimetry, another powerful method for the characterization of FN beams is the calculation of total proton and heavy ion kerma spectra. FLUKA and M

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Aurand, B., M. Hansson, L. Senje, et al. "A setup for studies of laser-driven proton acceleration at the Lund Laser Centre." Laser and Particle Beams 33, no. 1 (2014): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034614000779.

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AbstractWe report on a setup for the investigation of proton acceleration in the regime of target normal sheath acceleration. The main interest here is to focus on stable laser beam parameters as well as a reliable target setup and diagnostics in order to do extensive and systematic studies on the acceleration mechanism. A motorized target alignment system in combination with large target mounts allows for up to 340 shots with high repetition rate without breaking the vacuum. This performance is used to conduct experiments with a split mirror setup exploring the effect of spatial and temporal

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Mastrapasqua, Vincenzo. "Recent results in hadron spectroscopy from CMS." EPJ Web of Conferences 314 (2024): 00010. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202431400010.

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The present report summarizes recent results on the heavy flavor spectroscopy at the CMS experiment obtained using data collected at the Large Hadron Collider during the 2015-2018 data taking with proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV: the results range from the observation of new structures in the di-charmonium mass spectrum to the observation of new decay modes of beauty baryons such as Ξb- and Λb0.

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Churchill, Doreen, Julian M. Dust, and Erwin Buncel. "Concerted rate-limiting proton transfer to sulfur with nucleophilic attack at phosphorus — A new proposed mechanism for hydrolytic decomposition of the P=S pesticide, Diazinon, in moderately acidic sulfuric acid media." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 85, no. 6 (2007): 421–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v07-049.

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We report herein the first kinetic study of a P=S containing organophosphorus pesticide, Diazinon (1), in the moderately concentrated acid region. Product analyses (31P NMR) show that reaction occurs only at the P centre. The rate-acidity profile (kobs vs. molarity of H2SO4) appears as a curve in which the initial slight downward trace (molarity = 1 to ca. 5) is followed by sharper upward curve (molarity ca. 5 to 14). Using treatments involving the excess acidity (X) method, the A-1 and A-2 mechanistic possibilities were found to be inoperative over the full acidity range. A novel mechanism is

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Iqbal, Khalid, Qurat-ul-ain Shamsi, Kent A. Gifford, Sania Anum, and Saeed Ahmad Buzdar. "A dosimetric analysis of proton beam therapy using different snouts." Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 18, no. 02 (2018): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396918000675.

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AbstractPurposeThis exploration is intended to analyse the dosimetric characteristics of proton beams of multiple energies using different snout sizes.Materials and methodsA synchrotron was used for the extraction of eight proton beam energies (100–250 MeV). Dosimetric measurements were taken in a water phantom that was irradiated with a proton beam emanating from the gantry system at angles 0, 90, 180 and 270 degree using a large and a medium snout. The range of beam energies in the phantom, their corresponding centre modulation depth (CMD) and the width of spread out Bragg peak (SOBP) were m

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McKENZIE, J. F., E. DUBININ, and K. SAUER. "Nonlinear waves propagating transverse to the magnetic field." Journal of Plasma Physics 65, no. 3 (2001): 213–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377801001076.

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We generalize the classical work of Adlam and Allen [Phil. Mag.3, 448 (1958)] on solitons in a cold plasma propagating perpendicular to the magnetic field to include the effects of plasma pressure. This is done by making extensive use of the properties of total momentum conservation (denoted by the term ‘momentum hodograph’, since it yields a locus in the plane of the electron and proton speeds in the direction of the wave) and the energy integral of the system as a whole. These relations elucidate the phase and integral curves of stationary flows, from which soliton solutions may be construct

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Siao, Wei, Devrim Coskun, František Baluška, Herbert J. Kronzucker, and Weifeng Xu. "Root-Apex Proton Fluxes at the Centre of Soil-Stress Acclimation." Trends in Plant Science 25, no. 8 (2020): 794–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2020.03.002.

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Mistry, P., I. Gomez-Morilla, G. W. Grime, et al. "Proton beam lithography at the University of Surrey’s Ion Beam Centre." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 242, no. 1-2 (2006): 387–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2005.08.128.

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Yamamoto, Masanori, Qi Zhao, Shunsuke Goto та ін. "Porous nanographene formation on γ-alumina nanoparticles via transition-metal-free methane activation". Chemical Science 13, № 11 (2022): 3140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sc06578e.

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Oxygen vacancies on the (100) surface of γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles catalyse CH4-CVD for single-layered nanoporous graphenes with no transition metal reaction centre. The rate-limiting step is the proton transfer (PT) in the activation of CH4 on them.

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Penner, Crystal, Samuel Usherovich, Sophia Andru, et al. "Multi-Point Sensing via Organic Optical Fibres for FLASH Proton Therapy." Electronics 13, no. 11 (2024): 2211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13112211.

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Optical fibres are gaining popularity for relative dosimetry in proton therapy due to their spatial resolution and ability for near real-time acquisition. For FLASH proton therapy, these fibres need to handle higher dose rates and larger doses than for conventional proton dose rates. We developed a multi-point fibre sensor embedded in a 3D-printed phantom which can measure the profile of a FLASH proton beam. Seven PMMA fibres of 1 mm diameter were embedded in a custom 3D-printed plastic phantom of the same density as the fibres. The phantom was placed in a proton beam with FLASH dose rates at

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Straessner, Arno. "HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE LHC." Acta Polytechnica 53, A (2013): 518–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2013.53.0518.

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The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the two multi-purpose detectors, ATLAS and CMS, have been operated successfully at record centre-of-mass energies of 7 ÷ 8TeV. This paper presents the main physics results from proton–proton collisions based on a total luminosity of 2 × 5 fb<sup>−1</sup>. The most recent results from Standard Model measurements, Standard Model and MSSM Higgs searches, as well as searches for supersymmetric and exotic particles are reported. Prospects for ongoing and future data taking are presented.

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DASKALAKIS, GEORGIOS. "CMS ECAL PERFORMANCE - TESTBEAM RESULTS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, no. 16 (2005): 3823–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x05027722.

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The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment is a general-purpose detector designed to explore the physics of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 14 TeV over the full range of luminosities expected at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) will play an essential role in the study of the electroweak symmetry breaking, particularly through the exploration of the Higgs boson sector. To evaluate its characteristics, an ECAL prototype was placed in an electron testbeam at CERN. Highlights of results obtained during the test beam campaign are present

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Thomas-Wilsker, Joshuha. "Recent Cross-Section Measurements of Top-Quark Pair Production in Association with Gauge Bosons." Universe 9, no. 1 (2023): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe9010039.

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This article reviews recent cross-section measurements of tt¯ production in association with a photon, W or Z boson at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). All measurements reviewed use proton–proton (pp) datasets collected by the ATLAS and CMS experiments between 2016 and 2018 from collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV during the LHC Run 2. Differential and inclusive cross-section measurements are discussed along with the constraints on the effective field theory operators accessible through each process. Finally, we discuss the potential for measurements of these processes at future co

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Schilling, Isabelle, Claus Maximillian Bäcker, Christian Bäumer, et al. "Characterization of pixelated silicon detectors for daily quality assurance measurements in proton therapy." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2374, no. 1 (2022): 012178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2374/1/012178.

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The advanced imaging and delivery techniques in proton therapy allow conformal high-dose irradiation of the target volume with high accuracy using pencil beam scanning or beam shaping apertures. These irradiation methods increasingly include small radiation fields with large dose gradients, which require detector systems with high spatial resolution for quality assurance. In addition the measurement of all success parameters for daily quality assurance with only one proton field and one simple detector system would save a lot of time in clinical usage. Based on their good spatial resolution an

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Frederiksen, Anders Tobias, Morten Bjørn Jensen, Per Rugaard Poulsen, Niels Bassler, Brita Singers Sørensen, and Mateusz Sitarz. "Evaluation of in vitro irradiation setup: Designed for the horizontal beamline at the Danish Centre for Particle Therapy." Acta Oncologica 63 (February 13, 2024): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/1651-226x.2024.19657.

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Background: Radiobiological experimental setups are challenged by precise sample positioning along depth dose profile, scattering conditions, and practical difficulties that must be addressed in individual designs. The aim of this study was to produce cell survival curves with several irradiation modalities, by using a setup designed at the Danish Centre for Particle Therapy (DCPT) for in vitro proton irradiations using a horizontal beam line and thereby evaluating the setups use for in vitro irradiations experiments. Materials and methods: The setup is a water phantom suitable for in vitro re

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Guardiola, Consuelo, Ludovic De Marzi, and Yolanda Prezado. "Verification of a Monte Carlo dose calculation engine in proton minibeam radiotherapy in a passive scattering beamline for preclinical trials." British Journal of Radiology 93, no. 1107 (2020): 20190578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20190578.

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Objectives: Proton minibeam radiation therapy (pMBRT) is a novel therapeutic strategy that combines the benefits of proton therapy with the remarkable normal tissue preservation observed with the use of submillimetric spatially fractionated beams. This promising technique has been implemented at the Institut Curie-Proton therapy centre (ICPO) using a first prototype of a multislit collimator. The purpose of this work was to develop a Monte Carlo-based dose calculation engine to reliably guide preclinical studies at ICPO. Methods: The whole “Y1”-passive beamline at the ICPO, including pMBRT imp

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Yap, J. S. L., N. J. S. Bal, A. Kacperek, J. Resta López, and C. P. Welsch. "Medipix3 for dosimetry and real-time beam monitoring: first tests at a 60 MeV proton therapy facility." Journal of Instrumentation 16, no. 11 (2021): T11001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/16/11/t11001.

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Abstract Charged particle therapy (CPT) is an advanced modality of radiation therapy which has grown rapidly worldwide, driven by recent developments in technology and methods of delivery. To ensure safe and high quality treatments, various instruments are used for a range of different measurements such as for quality assurance, monitoring and dosimetry purposes. With the emergence of new and enhanced delivery techniques, systems with improved capabilities are needed to exceed existing performance limitations of conventional tools. The Medipix3 is a hybrid pixel detector able to count individu

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