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Journal articles on the topic 'Proton kinetic energy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Liang, Ruibin, Jessica M. J. Swanson, Mårten Wikström, and Gregory A. Voth. "Understanding the essential proton-pumping kinetic gates and decoupling mutations in cytochrome c oxidase." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 23 (2017): 5924–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1703654114.

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Cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water and uses the released free energy to pump protons against the transmembrane proton gradient. To better understand the proton-pumping mechanism of the wild-type (WT) CcO, much attention has been given to the mutation of amino acid residues along the proton translocating D-channel that impair, and sometimes decouple, proton pumping from the chemical catalysis. Although their influence has been clearly demonstrated experimentally, the underlying molecular mechanisms of these mutants remain unknown. In this work, we report multi

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Shematovich, V. I. "Atmospheric Loss of Atomic Oxygen during Proton Aurorae on Mars." Solar System Research 55, no. 4 (2021): 324–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0038094621040079.

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Abstract— For the first time, the calculations of the penetration of protons of the undisturbed solar wind into the daytime atmosphere of Mars due to charge exchange in the extended hydrogen corona (Shematovich et al., 2021) are used allowing us to determine self-consistently the sources of suprathermal oxygen atoms, as well as their kinetics and transport. An additional source of hot oxygen atoms—collisions accompanied by the momentum and energy transfer from the flux of precipitating high-energy hydrogen atoms to atomic oxygen in the upper atmosphere of Mars—was included in the Boltzmann kin

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3

Jones, S. B., T. S. Nonnenmacher, E. Atkin, et al. "Off-Axis Characterisation of the CERN T10 Beam for low Momentum Proton Measurements with a High Pressure Gas Time Projection Chamber." Instruments 4, no. 3 (2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments4030021.

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We present studies of proton fluxes in the T10 beamline at CERN. A prototype high pressure gas time projection chamber (TPC) was exposed to the beam of protons and other particles, using the 0.8 GeV/c momentum setting in T10, in order to make cross section measurements of low energy protons in argon. To explore the energy region comparable to hadrons produced by GeV-scale neutrino interactions at oscillation experiments, i.e., near 0.1 GeV of kinetic energy, methods of moderating the T10 beam were employed: the dual technique of moderating the beam with acrylic blocks and measuring scattered p

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4

Yang, Pei-Pin, Fu-Hu Liu, and Khusniddin K. Olimov. "Rapidity and Energy Dependencies of Temperatures and Volume Extracted from Identified Charged Hadron Spectra in Proton–Proton Collisions at a Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS)." Entropy 25, no. 12 (2023): 1571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25121571.

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The standard (Bose–Einstein/Fermi–Dirac, or Maxwell–Boltzmann) distribution from the relativistic ideal gas model is used to study the transverse momentum (pT) spectra of identified charged hadrons (π−, π+, K−, K+, p¯, and p) with different rapidities produced in inelastic proton–proton (pp) collisions at a Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). The experimental data measured using the NA61/SHINE Collaboration at the center-of-mass (c.m.) energies s=6.3, 7.7, 8.8, 12.3, and 17.3 GeV are fitted well with the distribution. It is shown that the effective temperature (Teff or T), kinetic freeze-out tempe

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Roy, S., R. Bandyopadhyay, Y. Yang, et al. "Turbulent Energy Transfer and Proton–Electron Heating in Collisionless Plasmas." Astrophysical Journal 941, no. 2 (2022): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aca479.

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Abstract Despite decades of study of high-temperature weakly collisional plasmas, a complete understanding of how energy is transferred between particles and fields in turbulent plasmas remains elusive. Two major questions in this regard are how fluid-scale energy transfer rates, associated with turbulence, connect with kinetic-scale dissipation, and what controls the fraction of dissipation on different charged species. Although the rate of cascade has long been recognized as a limiting factor in the heating rate at kinetic scales, there has not been direct evidence correlating the heating ra

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6

Li, Li-Li, Fu-Hu Liu, Muhammad Waqas, Rasha Al-Yusufi, and Altaf Mujear. "Excitation Functions of Related Parameters from Transverse Momentum (Mass) Spectra in High-Energy Collisions." Advances in High Energy Physics 2020 (June 10, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5356705.

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Transverse momentum (mass) spectra of positively and negatively charged pions and of positively and negatively charged kaons, protons, and antiprotons produced at mid-(pseudo)rapidity in various collisions at high energies are analyzed in this work. The experimental data measured in central gold-gold, central lead-lead, and inelastic proton-proton collisions by several international collaborations are studied. The (two-component) standard distribution is used to fit the data and extract the excitation function of effective temperature. Then, the excitation functions of kinetic freeze-out tempe

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7

Kalytka, V. A. "Nonlinear Quantum Phenomena During the Polarization of Nanometer Layers of Proton Semiconductors and Dielectrics." Izvestiya of Altai State University, no. 4(120) (September 10, 2021): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/izvasu(2021)4-05.

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This paper investigates the influence of the structure and parameters of the degenerate quasi-discrete energy spectrum of relaxers (protons) on the mechanism of nonlinear quantum diffusion polarization in nanoscale layers of hydrogen bonded crystals (HBC) in a wide range of parameters of fields (100 kV/m - 1000 MV/m) and temperatures (0-1550 K). The temperature dependence of the quantum transparency of the parabolic potential barrier for protons in HBC is calculated using the Gibbs quantum canonical distribution for the ensemble of non-interacting protons (ideal proton gas balanced with the io

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Martiryan, D. A. "SELECTION OF COINCIDENCE ELECTRON-PROTON EVENTS IN NUCLEI INTERACTION." Proceedings of the YSU A: Physical and Mathematical Sciences 53, no. 1 (248) (2019): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/pysu:a/2019.53.1.053.

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The main goal of this analysis is to study momentum (or kinetic energy) distribution of the backward going protons using data from CLAS EG2 experiment at Jefferson Lab. In this experiment scattering of a 5.014 GeV electron beam off various nucleus targets, ranging from deuterium to lead, have been recorded. The analysis includes selection of events in the reaction $ A(e, e^{\prime}, P_{back}) X $, where $ P_{back} $ is a proton scattered above 90° either in the lab coordinate frame or with respect to the direction of the interacting virtual photon, then performing required corrections and stud

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9

Kim, Jiwon, Hyung Wook Choi, and Dae Ho Yoon. "Kinetically Accelerating Ni and C Dual Active Sites Via Pyrrolic-N for Water Dissociation and Alkaline Hydrogen Production." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 42 (2024): 2812. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02422812mtgabs.

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Green hydrogen, which is one of the most promising solutions to environmental issues and energy crises, can be produced through water electrolysis using renewable electricity as eco-friendly and sustainable route. However, the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has been a subject of extensive research due to the slow kinetics of proton-coupled electron transfer, which lowers the overall efficiency. In particular, the rate of HER in alkaline media appears two to three times slower than that in acidic or neutral media. This is because in order to form adsorbed hydrogen, additional water

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Gupta, Siddhartha, Damiano Caprioli, and Anatoly Spitkovsky. "Electron Acceleration at Quasi-parallel Nonrelativistic Shocks: A 1D Kinetic Survey." Astrophysical Journal 976, no. 1 (2024): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad7c4c.

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Abstract We present a survey of 1D kinetic particle-in-cell simulations of quasi-parallel nonrelativistic shocks to identify the environments favorable for electron acceleration. We explore an unprecedented range of shock speeds v sh ≈ 0.067–0.267c, Alfvén Mach numbers M A = 5 – 40 , sonic Mach numbers M s = 5 – 160 , as well as the proton-to-electron mass ratios m i/m e = 16–1836. We find that high Alfvén Mach number shocks can channel a large fraction of their kinetic energy into nonthermal particles, self-sustaining magnetic turbulence and acceleration to larger and larger energies. The fra

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Wang, Joseph H., Timothy S. Horbury, Lorenzo Matteini, and Domenico Trotta. "Alpha–Proton Relative Drift: Implications for the Origins and Dynamics of the Solar Wind." Astrophysical Journal Letters 978, no. 2 (2025): L17. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad9ddd.

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Abstract Helium nuclei (alpha particles) strongly influence the momentum and energy balance in the solar wind, comprising up to 20% of the solar wind mass density. In fast Alfvénic wind at heliocentric distances greater than 0.3 au, the alpha particles’ bulk flow speed is systematically different to that of the protons. This relative drift speed is of unknown origin and is often close to the local Alfvén wave speed. Novel Parker Solar Probe measurements of the solar wind below 0.3 au show that, closer to the Sun, the alpha–proton drift speed remains on the order of 100–200 km s−1, even where t

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Weingarten, Jens, Claus Maximilian Bäcker, Johannes Esser, et al. "Proton radiography for adaptive radiotherapy using ATLAS FE-I4 detectors." Journal of Instrumentation 20, no. 06 (2025): C06031. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/20/06/c06031.

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Abstract Due to the physical principles of the energy deposition of charged particles in matter, cancer treatment using proton therapy allows more conformal dose deposition in the tumour with respect to conventional photon radiotherapy, which leads to better protection of healthy tissue. At the same time, the maximum dose deposition at the end of the proton trajectory is more sensitive to uncertainties in the range of the protons. A significant source of these uncertainties are inter-fractional anatomical changes in the patient during treatment. Adaptive radiotherapy, where the treatment plan

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Baliukin, I. I., V. V. Izmodenov, and D. B. Alexashov. "Energetic pickup proton population downstream of the termination shock as revealed by IBEX-Hi data." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 509, no. 4 (2021): 5437–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3214.

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ABSTRACT Pickup protons originate as a result of the ionization of hydrogen atoms in the supersonic solar wind, forming the suprathermal component of protons in the heliosphere. While they are being picked by the heliospheric magnetic field and convected into the heliosheath, the pickup protons may suffer stochastic acceleration from the solar wind turbulence in the region from the Sun up to the heliospheric termination shock, where they can also experience shock-drift acceleration or reflection from the cross-shock potential. These processes create a high-energy tail in the pickup ion energy

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Anzalone, R., G. Battistoni, E. Ciarrocchi, et al. "TOFpRad: a novel proton radiography prototype based on Time Of Flight measurements." Journal of Instrumentation 20, no. 03 (2025): C03042. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/20/03/c03042.

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Abstract Ion beam therapy effectively treats radiation-resistant and deeply located tumors but requires meticulous planning and wide safety margins imposed by current technology. Proton transmission imaging, using protons instead of x-rays for image acquisition, is pivotal for precise treatment planning by directly probing the proton stopping power, reducing uncertainties, and enabling a fast verification of the treatment. In the last 15 years, proton imaging prototypes have primarily used calorimeter detectors. An alternative method measures proton Time Of Flight (TOF) to determine velocity a

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15

Tenerani, Anna, Carlos González, Nikos Sioulas, Chen Shi, and Marco Velli. "Dispersive and kinetic effects on kinked Alfvén wave packets: A comparative study with fluid and hybrid models." Physics of Plasmas 30, no. 3 (2023): 032101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0134726.

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We investigate dispersive and kinetic effects on the evolution of a two-dimensional kinked Alfvén wave packet by comparing results from magnetohydrodynamic (MHD), Hall-MHD, and hybrid simulations of a low- β plasma. We find that the Hall term determines the overall evolution of the wave packet over a characteristic time [Formula: see text] in both fluid and hybrid models. Dispersion of the wave packet leads to the conversion of the wave energy into internal plasma energy. When kinetic protons are considered, the proton internal energy increase has contributions from both plasma compressions an

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Bagbudar, Zeynep, and Robert Warburton. "Modeling Interfacial Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Reactions Involving Imidazolium Proton Donors." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 45 (2024): 2517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01452517mtgabs.

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Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) is an elementary reaction that plays a pivotal role in various electrochemical energy conversion and storage processes. PCET reactions involving nonaqueous proton donors are of interest for applications in energy storage such as redox flow batteries, as well as in CO2 and O2 reduction catalysis. Yet, there remains much to be understood about the molecular reactivity of these systems. In this talk, I will describe periodic density functional theory (DFT) studies of interfacial PCET reactions involving different imidazolium proton donors on Pt(111) electro

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17

Sengbusch, Evan R., and Thomas R. Mackie. "Maximum kinetic energy considerations in proton stereotactic radiosurgery." Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics 12, no. 3 (2011): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1120/jacmp.v12i3.3533.

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18

Shaaban, S. M., M. Lazar, R. A. López, and R. F. Wimmer-Schweingruber. "On the interplay of solar wind proton and electron instabilities: linear and quasi-linear approaches." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 503, no. 3 (2021): 3134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab075.

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ABSTRACT Important efforts are currently being made to understand the so-called kinetic instabilities, driven by the anisotropy of different species of plasma particles present in the solar wind and terrestrial magnetosphere. These instabilities are fast enough to efficiently convert the free energy of plasma particles into enhanced (small-scale) fluctuations, with multiple implications, regulating the anisotropy of plasma particles. In this paper we use both linear and quasi-linear (QL) frameworks to describe complex unstable regimes, which realistically combine different temperature anisotro

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Bagbudar, Zeynep, and Robert Warburton. "Theoretical Studies of Hydrogen Evolution Involving Imidazolium Proton Donors." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 61 (2024): 4085. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02614085mtgabs.

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The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is an important electrocatalytic reaction used for the electrochemical production of hydrogen gas. Its reverse reaction, the hydrogen oxidation reaction, is used to produce protons used in electrocatalytic reduction reactions for various electrochemical energy conversion and storage applications. While many fundamental studies have analyzed interfacial reactivity in aqueous HER, analogous mechanistic understanding of HER reactivity in nonaqueous media remains limited. In this presentation, periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations are applied t

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Waqas, Muhammad, Huai-Min Chen, Guang-Xiong Peng, et al. "Study of Kinetic Freeze-Out Parameters as a Function of Rapidity in pp Collisions at CERN SPS Energies." Entropy 23, no. 10 (2021): 1363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23101363.

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We used the blast wave model with the Boltzmann–Gibbs statistics and analyzed the experimental data measured by the NA61/SHINE Collaboration in inelastic (INEL) proton–proton collisions at different rapidity slices at different center-of-mass energies. The particles used in this study were π+, π−, K+, K−, and p¯. We extracted the kinetic freeze-out temperature, transverse flow velocity, and kinetic freeze-out volume from the transverse momentum spectra of the particles. We observed that the kinetic freeze-out temperature is rapidity and energy dependent, while the transverse flow velocity does

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Morey, Chaitali, Qiming Tang, Xinfang Jin, and Kevin Huang. "Multiphysics Modeling of Solid Oxide Iron Air Battery with New Catalyst and Proton Conductor Oxide Support." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 25 (2023): 1677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01251677mtgabs.

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Long-duration energy storage (LDES) (10+ hours) is widely regarded as an enabling technology to deepen the penetration of renewable energy into the commercial utility market. However, the current storage technologies cannot achieve LDES’s duration requirement at a competitive cost. Therefore, new LDES technologies are highly sought after in recent years. Solid oxide iron air battery is a newly emerging battery based on oxide-ion chemistry and stores energy in energy-dense solid iron. Our recent results have shown that the battery in a laboratory size (f1”) delivers 12.5-hour storage per cycle

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Hammes-Schiffer, Sharon. "(Keynote) Electrochemical Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Theory." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 45 (2023): 2453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01452453mtgabs.

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Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) plays a vital role in a wide range of electrochemical processes. This talk will describe theoretical and computational methods that have been developed to study electrochemical PCET and a variety of applications to molecular and heterogeneous electrocatalysis. My group has formulated a general PCET theory that includes the quantum mechanical effects of the electrons and transferring protons, as well as the motions of the donor-acceptor modes and solvent or protein environment. This PCET theory enables the calculation of rate constants and kinetic isotope

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Choothong, Nuorn, and Seiichi Kawahara. "BROMINATION OF NATURAL RUBBER WITH N-BROMOSUCCINIMIDE." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 95, no. 1 (2021): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.21.78980.

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ABSTRACT The mechanism of bromination of natural rubber (NR) was studied by solution-state 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The bromination of NR was carried out at 20–50 °C with N-bromosuccinimide as the brominating agent, and the kinetic study of bromination was conducted under nitrogen atmosphere at 30–50 °C for various reaction times. The influence of bromine atom substituent on the bromination rate constant (k) also was investigated. Bromine atom content was found to be dependent upon the reaction time, indicating first-order kinetics. The activation energy of bromination of NR, calculated from the r

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Rizzato, C. M., M. C. Nemes, J. N. Maki, M. P. Pato, and M. E. Spina. "Kinetic coefficients in inelastic high-energy proton-nucleus collisions." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 16, no. 2 (1990): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/16/2/015.

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Finkelstein, Y., R. Moreh, F. Bianchini, and P. Vajeeston. "Anisotropy of the proton kinetic energy in ice Ih." Surface Science 679 (January 2019): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2018.09.010.

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Anderson, Grace C., Siddharth Rajupet, John G. Petrovick, Douglas I. Kushner, Alexis T. Bell, and Adam Z. Weber. "Exploring Proton Activity at the Membrane/Electrode Interface with Microelectrodes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 39 (2023): 1931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02391931mtgabs.

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Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) technology is a key component in low-temperature, high efficiency fuel cells and electrolyzers. Hydrogen fuel cells convert chemical energy from hydrogen into electrical energy, while water electrolyzers do the opposite, using electrical energy to generate hydrogen and oxygen from water. Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) are attractive technologies for clean and efficient energy conversion, with wide-ranging applications, including transportation, stationary power generation, and energy storage. These technologi

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Sądel, Michał, Leszek Grzanka, Jan Swakoń, Jakub Baran, Jan Gajewski, and Paweł Bilski. "Optically Stimulated Luminescent Response of the LiMgPO4 Silicone Foils to Protons and Its Dependence on Proton Energy." Materials 16, no. 5 (2023): 1978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16051978.

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Modern radiotherapy (RT) techniques, such as proton therapy, require more and more sophisticated dosimetry methods and materials. One of the newly developed technologies is based on flexible sheets made of a polymer, with the embedded optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) material in the form of powder (LiMgPO4, LMP) and a self-developed optical imaging setup. The detector properties were evaluated to study its potential application in the proton treatment plan verification for eyeball cancer. The data showed a well-known effect of lower luminescent efficiency of the LMP material response to

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Kalytka, Valeriy, Ali Mekhtiyev, Yelena Neshina, et al. "Physical and Mathematical Models of Quantum Dielectric Relaxation in Electrical and Optoelectric Elements Based on Hydrogen-Bonded Crystals." Crystals 13, no. 9 (2023): 1353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13091353.

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The quantum statistical properties of the proton subsystem in hydrogen-bonded crystals (HBC) are investigated. Based on the non-stationary Liouville operator equation (taking into account a number of assumptions established in the experiment), a quantum kinetic equation is constructed for the ensemble of non-interacting protons (an ideal proton gas) moving in the crystal potential image perturbed by the external electric field. The balanced density matrix for the unperturbed proton subsystem is constructed using the quantum canonical Gibbs distribution, and the non-balanced density matrix is c

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Baliukin, I. I., V. V. Izmodenov, and D. B. Alexashov. "Adiabatic energy change in the inner heliosheath: how does it affect the distribution of pickup protons and energetic neutral atom fluxes?" Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 525, no. 3 (2023): 3281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad2518.

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ABSTRACT The hydrogen atoms penetrate the heliosphere from the local interstellar medium, and while being ionized, they form the population of pickup protons. The distribution of pickup protons is modified by the adiabatic heating (cooling) induced by the solar wind plasma compression (expansion). In this study, we emphasize the importance of the adiabatic energy change in the inner heliosheath that is usually either neglected or considered improperly. The effect of this process on the energy and spatial distributions of pickup protons and energetic neutral atoms (ENAs), which originate in the

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De Benedittis, Antonio. "Proton energy spectrum with the DAMPE experiment." EPJ Web of Conferences 209 (2019): 01030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920901030.

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The DAMPE (DArk Matter Particle Explorer) experiment, in orbit since December 17th 2015, is a space mission whose main purpose is the detection of cosmic electrons and photons up to energies of 10 TeV, in order to identify possible evidence of Dark Matter in their spectra. Furthermore it aims to measure the spectra and the elemental composition of the galactic cosmic rays nuclei up to the energy of hundreds of TeV. The proton analysis and the flux with kinetic energy ranging from 50 GeV up to 100 TeV, at the end of two years of data taking, will be presented and discussed.

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Potgieter, Marius S., O. P. M. Aslam, Driaan Bisschoff, and Donald Ngobeni. "A Perspective on the Solar Modulation of Cosmic Anti-Matter." Physics 3, no. 4 (2021): 1190–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physics3040076.

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Global modulation studies with comprehensive numerical models contribute meaningfully to the refinement of very local interstellar spectra (VLISs) for cosmic rays. Modulation of positrons and anti-protons are investigated to establish how the ratio of their intensity, and with respect to electrons and protons, are changing with solar activity. This includes the polarity reversal of the solar magnetic field which creates a 22-year modulation cycle. Modeling illustrates how they are modulated over time and the particle drift they experience which is significant at lower kinetic energy. The VLIS

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Swisdak, M., J. Giacalone, J. F. Drake, M. Opher, G. P. Zank, and B. Zieger. "A Comparison of Particle-in-cell and Hybrid Simulations of the Heliospheric Termination Shock." Astrophysical Journal 959, no. 1 (2023): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad03e2.

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Abstract We compare hybrid (kinetic proton, fluid electron) and particle-in-cell (kinetic proton, kinetic electron) simulations of the solar wind termination shock with parameters similar to those observed by Voyager 2 during its crossing. The steady-state results show excellent agreement between the downstream variations in the density, plasma velocity, and magnetic field. The quasi-perpendicular shock accelerates interstellar pickup ions to a maximum energy limited by the size of the computational domain, with somewhat higher fluxes and maximal energies observed in the particle-in-cell simul

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Kalytka, Valeriy, Zein Baimukhanov, Yelena Neshina, et al. "Influence of Quantum Effects on Dielectric Relaxation in Functional Electrical and Electric Energy Elements Based on Proton Semiconductors and Dielectrics." Applied Sciences 13, no. 15 (2023): 8755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13158755.

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Using the quasi-classical kinetic theory of dielectric relaxation, in addition to existing methods, fundamental mathematical expressions are built, which make it possible to more strictly consider the effects of the main charge carriers’ (protons’) tunneling on the numerical values of the molecular parameters (activation energy, equilibrium concentration) of protons in HBC. The formulas for calculating the statistically averaged non-stationary quantum transparency of a parabolic potential barrier for protons have been modernized by more stringent consideration of the effects of corrections cau

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Markovskii, S. A., and Bernard J. Vasquez. "Ion Heating by a Fast Magnetosonic Turbulence in the Solar Corona." Astrophysical Journal 966, no. 1 (2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3727.

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Abstract Observational data at heliocentric distances of tens of solar radii suggest that fast magnetosonic modes make up a considerable fraction of the solar wind fluctuations. Furthermore, this fraction appears to increase closer to the Sun. We carry out three-dimensional kinetic simulations with particle ions and fluid electrons to evaluate the proton and alpha-particle heating produced by the damping of the fast waves in the solar corona. Realistic parameters at 5 solar radii, including the fluctuation amplitude, are used. We show that, due to the cyclotron resonance, the alphas are heated

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Kwon, Hyuna, Marcos Calegari, Shane Ardo, Daniel V. Esposito, Anh Tuan Pham, and Tadashi Ogitsu. "Confinement Effects on Proton Transfer in TiO₂ Nanopores from Deep Potential Molecular Dynamics Simulations." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 61 (2024): 4084. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02614084mtgabs.

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Understanding proton transfer and water splitting reactions in nano-porous materials is critical for a wide range of emerging technologies, including hydrogen production through photoelectrochemical water splitting. However, elucidating mechanism and energetics of these processes remains a significant challenge for experimental probes. In this work, we combine large-scale molecular dynamics simulations with machine learning potential derived from first-principles calculations to investigate kinetics of proton transfer in nano-porous TiO2 as a representative photocatalyst material. We developed

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Moya, P. S., A. F. Viñas, V. Muñoz, and J. A. Valdivia. "Computational and theoretical study of the wave-particle interaction of protons and waves." Annales Geophysicae 30, no. 9 (2012): 1361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-30-1361-2012.

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Abstract. We study the wave-particle interaction and the evolution of electromagnetic waves propagating through a plasma composed of electrons and protons, using two approaches. First, a quasilinear kinetic theory has been developed to study the energy transfer between waves and particles, with the subsequent acceleration and heating of protons. Second, a one-dimensional hybrid numerical simulation has been performed, with and without including an expanding-box model that emulates the spherical expansion of the solar wind, to investigate the fully nonlinear evolution of this wave-particle inte

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Lao, Hai-Ling, Fu-Hu Liu, and Bo-Qiang Ma. "Analyzing Transverse Momentum Spectra of Pions, Kaons and Protons in p–p, p–A and A–A Collisions via the Blast-Wave Model with Fluctuations." Entropy 23, no. 7 (2021): 803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23070803.

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The transverse momentum spectra of different types of particles, π±, K±, p and p¯, produced at mid-(pseudo)rapidity in different centrality lead–lead (Pb–Pb) collisions at 2.76 TeV; proton–lead (p–Pb) collisions at 5.02 TeV; xenon–xenon (Xe–Xe) collisions at 5.44 TeV; and proton–proton (p–p) collisions at 0.9, 2.76, 5.02, 7 and 13 TeV, were analyzed by the blast-wave model with fluctuations. With the experimental data measured by the ALICE and CMS Collaborations at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the kinetic freeze-out temperature, transverse flow velocity and proper time were extracted from

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Jesús-Valls, César, Marc Granado-González, Thorsten Lux, Tony Price, and Federico Sánchez. "Enhanced Proton Tracking with ASTRA Using Calorimetry and Deep Learning." Instruments 6, no. 4 (2022): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments6040058.

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Recently, we proposed a novel range detector concept named ASTRA. ASTRA is optimized to accurately measure (better than 1%) the residual energy of protons with kinetic energies in the range from tens to a few hundred MeVs at a very high rate of O(100 MHz). These combined performances are aimed at achieving fast and high-quality proton Computerized Tomography (pCT), which is crucial to correctly assessing treatment planning in proton beam therapy. Despite being a range telescope, ASTRA is also a calorimeter, opening the door to enhanced tracking possibilities based on deep learning. Here, we re

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VEGA, PEDRO, LUIS PALMA, and RENE ELGUETA. "The L mode in electromagnetic proton-cyclotron waves in plasmas modelled by a Lorentzian distribution function." Journal of Plasma Physics 60, no. 1 (1998): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377898006382.

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The L mode in electromagnetic proton-cyclotron waves (EPCWs) propagating parallel to a uniform ambient magnetic field is studied here analytically. A generalized Lorentzian distribution function is used to model the plasma. Analytical expressions for the wavenumber and for both the temporal and convective growth rates for a multi-ion plasma are obtained within the linear theory. This analytical approach is appropiate for β∥<1, which is the ratio of plasma kinetic pressure to magnetic field pressure. The characteristics of the unstable spectrum are found to be independent of high-energy part

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Hache, John J., Julia Laskin, and Jean H. Futrell. "Relative Proton Affinities from Kinetic Energy Release Distributions for Dissociation of Proton-Bound Dimers." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 106, no. 50 (2002): 12051–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp026515p.

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Hache, John J., Jean H. Futrell, and Julia Laskin. "Relative proton affinities from kinetic energy release distributions for dissociation of proton-bound dimers." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 233, no. 1-3 (2004): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2003.12.022.

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Werthmann, Clemens, Victor E. Ambruş, and Sören Schlichting. "Establishing the Range of Applicability of Hydrodynamics in High-Energy Collisions." EPJ Web of Conferences 296 (2024): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202429605003.

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We simulate the space-time dynamics of high-energy collisions based on a microscopic kinetic description, in order to determine the range of applicability of an effective description in relativistic viscous hydrodynamics. We find that hydrodynamics provides a quantitatively accurate description of collective flow when the average inverse Reynolds number Re−1 is sufficiently small and the early pre-equilibrium stage is properly accounted for. By determining the breakdown of hydrodynamics as a function of system size and energy, we find that it is quantitatively accurate in central lead-lead col

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Moid, Mohd, Yacov Finkelstein, Raymond Moreh, and Prabal K. Maiti. "Microscopic Study of Proton Kinetic Energy Anomaly for Nanoconfined Water." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 124, no. 1 (2019): 190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b08667.

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Sikora, Marek, Krzysztof Nalewajko, and Greg M. Madejski. "On the significance of relativistically hot pairs in the jets of FR II radio galaxies." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 499, no. 3 (2020): 3749–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3128.

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ABSTRACT The energetic composition of radio lobes in the FR II galaxies – estimated by comparing their radio luminosities with the powers required to inflate cavities in the external medium – seems to exclude the possibility of their energetic domination by protons. Furthermore, if the jets were dominated by the kinetic energy of cold protons, it would be difficult to efficiently accelerate leptons in the jets’ terminal shocks. Assuming that the relative energy contents of leptons, protons, and magnetic fields are preserved across the shocks, the above implies that the large-scale jets should

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Maldonado-Domínguez, Mauricio, Daniel Bím, Radek Fučík, Roman Čurík, and Martin Srnec. "Reactive mode composition factor analysis of transition states: the case of coupled electron–proton transfers." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 45 (2019): 24912–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp05131g.

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DEUTSCH, C. "Transport of megaelectron volt protons for fast ignition." Laser and Particle Beams 21, no. 1 (2003): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034602211076.

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Quasi-linear analysis demonstrates that intense and nonrelativistic proton beams do not lose collectively their kinetic energy through transverse Weibel electromagnetic instabilities when interacting with supercompressed plasmas of inertial confinement interest.

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Yang, Yan, Francesco Pecora, William H. Matthaeus, et al. "Quantifying the Agyrotropy of Proton and Electron Heating in Turbulent Plasmas." Astrophysical Journal 944, no. 2 (2023): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acb25a.

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Abstract An important aspect of energy dissipation in weakly collisional plasmas is that of energy partitioning between different species (e.g., protons and electrons) and between different energy channels. Here we analyse pressure–strain interaction to quantify the fractions of isotropic compressive, gyrotropic, and nongyrotropic heating for each species. An analysis of kinetic turbulence simulations is compared and contrasted with corresponding observational results from Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission data in the magnetosheath. In assessing how protons and electrons respond to different i

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Beaufort, C., O. Guillaudin, D. Santos, et al. "Directional detection of keV proton and carbon recoils with MIMAC." Journal of Instrumentation 19, no. 05 (2024): P05052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/05/p05052.

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Abstract Directional detection is the dedicated strategy to demonstrate that DM-like signals measured by direct detectors are indeed produced by DM particles from the galactic halo. The experimental challenge of measuring the direction of DM-induced nuclear recoils with (sub-)millimeter tracks has limited, so far, the maximal directional reach to DM masses around 100 GeV. In this paper, we expose the MIMAC detector to three different neutron fields and we develop a method to reconstruct the direction of the neutron-induced nuclear recoils. We measure an angular resolution better than 16° for p

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Ofman, Leon, Scott A. Boardsen, Lan K. Jian та ін. "Observations and Modeling of Unstable Proton and α Particle Velocity Distributions in Sub-Alfvénic Solar Wind at Parker Solar Probe Perihelia". Astrophysical Journal 954, № 2 (2023): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acea7e.

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Abstract Past observations show that solar wind (SW) acceleration occurs inside the sub-Alfvénic region, reaching the local Alfvén speed at typical distances ∼10–20 solar radii (R s ). Recently, Parker Solar Probe (PSP) traversed regions of sub-Alfvénic SW near perihelia in encounters E8–E12 for the first time, providing data in these regions. It became evident that the properties of the magnetically dominated SW are considerably different from the super-Alfvénic wind. For example, there are changes in the relative abundances and drift of α particles with respect to protons, as well as in the

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Dalalas, Dimitris, Alexis Papadopoulos, Ioanna Kyriakou, Robert D. Stewart, Pantelis Karaiskos, and Dimitris Emfietzoglou. "Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) of Monoenergetic Protons: Comparison of Empirical and Biophysical Models." Applied Sciences 14, no. 24 (2024): 11981. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142411981.

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A constant proton relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of 1.1 for tumor control is currently used in proton therapy treatment planning. However, in vitro, in vivo and clinical experiences indicate that proton RBE varies with kinetic energy and, therefore, tissue depth within proton Bragg peaks. A number of published RBE models capture variations in proton RBE with depth. The published models can be sub-divided into empirical (or phenomenological) and biophysical (or mechanistic-inspired) RBE models. Empirical RBE models usually characterize the beam quality through the dose-averaged linear

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