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Journal articles on the topic 'Protons Lithium'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

He, Ping, and Keith E. Johnson. "Electrochemical and 1H NMR studies of proton behavior of ImCl and LiCl solution in acetonitrile." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 75, no. 11 (November 1, 1997): 1730–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v97-606.

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The role of the proton in extending the electrochemical window and promoting the stripping efficiency of alkali metals has been studied in acetonitrile solution. The platinum hydride surface generated in the hydrogen evolution was considered responsible for the potential shift of 1-ethyl-3-methyl-1H-imidazolium (Im+) reduction in the absence of lithium. In lithium chloride solution, the lithium layer deposited on the electrode may be the main cause for the stretch of the solvent electrochemical window because of the high overpotential of Im+ reduction on that surface. The proton may affect the properties of the passive layer on newly deposited alkali metal surfaces and then improve the performance of the alkali metal anodes. Keywords: 1-ethyl-3-methyl-1H-imidazolium chloride, protons, acetonitrile, lithium reduction.

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2

Parker, J. C. "Interactions of lithium and protons with the sodium-proton exchanger of dog red blood cells." Journal of General Physiology 87, no. 2 (February 1, 1986): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.87.2.189.

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Passive movements of Li in dog red blood cells (RBC) ar like those of Na and protons in being stimulated by osmotic cell shrinkage and inhibited by amiloride. Li and protons have similar asymmetrical effects on Na-H exchange. When the intracellular fluid is made rich in Li or protons, Na-H exchange is stimulated. When the extracellular fluid is enriched in Li or protons, Na-H exchange is inhibited. In the case of protons, these effects can override alterations in driving force that are created by the experimental conditions. For example, acidification of the cytoplasm stimulates outward Na movements, while acidification of the medium inhibits Na efflux. Thus, protons (and, by analogy, Li) can interact with the Na-H exchanger not only as substrates but also as modulators. In previous experiments, the only way to activate the Na-H exchanger in dog RBC was to shrink the cells in hypertonic media. The influences of Li or protons, however, are so strong as to preempt the volume effects, so that the pathway can be activated even in swollen cells and deactivated in shrunken ones.

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3

Kong, Y., J. Xu, W. Zhang, and G. Zhang. "The site occupation of protons in lithium niobate crystals." Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 61, no. 8 (August 2000): 1331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3697(99)00413-8.

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4

Oh, Hyunjeong, Hirona Yamagishi, Toshiaki Ohta, and Hye Ryung Byon. "Understanding the interfacial reactions of LiCoO2 positive electrodes in aqueous lithium-ion batteries." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 5, no. 9 (2021): 3657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1qm00125f.

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5

Bi, Gang, Jun Kang, and Lin-Wang Wang. "High velocity proton collision with liquid lithium: a time dependent density functional theory study." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 13 (2017): 9053–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp00132k.

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6

Sadakiyo, Masaaki, and Hiroshi Kitagawa. "Ion-conductive metal–organic frameworks." Dalton Transactions 50, no. 16 (2021): 5385–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0dt04384b.

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7

Schulz, Thomas, and Dietmar Stalke. "Lithium and Aluminum Anthracenyldiimidosulfinates." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 65, no. 6 (June 1, 2010): 701–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2010-0606.

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9,10-Dibromo-anthracene was lithiated once or twice, and the products were reacted with different sulfurdiimides. The reactions yielded [(THF)2Li(NtBu)2SAnBr] (1), [(Et2O)(LiBr)Li(NtBu)2- SAnBr]2 (2), [Me2Al(NtBu)2SAnBr] (3), [{(THF)2Li(NR)2S}2An] (4: R = tBu; 5: R = SiMe3) and [{Me2Al(NSiMe3)2S}2An] (6). All products were fully characterized by X-ray structure analysis, elemental analysis, NMR and mass spectroscopy. From the solution NMR spectra it is evident that the rotation about the S-C bond is hindered even at r. t. leaving all protons of the anthracene framework non-equivalent.

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8

Storm, M., S. Jiang, D. Wertepny, C. Orban, J. Morrison, C. Willis, E. McCary, et al. "Fast neutron production from lithium converters and laser driven protons." Physics of Plasmas 20, no. 5 (May 2013): 053106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4803648.

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9

Kikuchi, Tsuyoshi, and Yoshio Nakamura. "Nuclear magnetic resonance of protons in the lithium-methylamine system." Journal of Physical Chemistry 91, no. 13 (June 1987): 3704–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100297a049.

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10

Vuorimaki, A. H., and M. Punkkinen. "Spin diffusion of methyl protons in sodium and lithium acetates." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 2, no. 4 (January 29, 1990): 993–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/2/4/018.

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11

Song, Ah-Young, Yiran Xiao, Kostiantyn Turcheniuk, Punith Upadhya, Anirudh Ramanujapuram, Jim Benson, Alexandre Magasinski, et al. "Protons Enhance Conductivities in Lithium Halide Hydroxide/Lithium Oxyhalide Solid Electrolytes by Forming Rotating Hydroxy Groups." Advanced Energy Materials 8, no. 3 (December 4, 2017): 1700971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201700971.

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12

Zhang, Ji-Guang, Edwin C. Tracy, David K. Benson, and Satyen K. Deb. "The influence of microstructure on the electrochromic properties of LixWO3 thin films: Part I. Ion diffusion and electrochromic properties." Journal of Materials Research 8, no. 10 (October 1993): 2649–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1993.2649.

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The chemical diffusion coefficients of lithium ions in LixWO3 films were investigated as a function of lithium concentration and film porosity. Thin films were deposited with different porosities by thermal evaporation of WO3 powder in various partial water pressures. Our results indicate that diffusion coefficients increase with film porosity and decrease with increasing lithium concentration. Large diffusion coefficients that were found for small lithium concentrations appear to be due to the contribution of protons generated from ion exchange reactions between lithium and water incorporated in the film. Simultaneous electrical and in situ optical measurements were carried out to study the effect of porosity on the electrochromic properties of LixWO3. The coloring efficiency of porous WO3 films increases by approximately 70% when deposited in partial water pressure of 10−4 Torr, but decreases with further increments in water pressure.

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13

Kawanaka, Norita, and Shohei Yanagita. "Cosmic-Ray Lithium Production in the Nova Ejecta." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 12, S331 (February 2017): 254–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317004616.

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AbstractRecent direct measurements of cosmic-ray (CR) light nuclei (protons, helium, and lithium) by AMS-02 have shown that the flux of each element has an unexpected hard component above ~300~GeV, and that the spectral indices of those components are almost the same (~2.5). This implies that there should be primary sources that produces CR lithium nuclei, which have been believed to be produced via spallation of heavier nuclei in the ISM (secondary origin). We propose the nearby Type Ia supernova following a nova eruption from a white dwarf as the origin of CR Li.

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14

DuBois, R. D. "Charge transfer and ionization of lithium by protons and helium ions." Physical Review A 32, no. 6 (December 1, 1985): 3319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.32.3319.

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15

Neronov, Yu I. "Determination of the magnetic moments of 6Li and 7Li nuclei using an NMR spectrometer that records signals from two nuclei simultaneously." Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika, no. 9 (2020): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2020-9-3-8.

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The ratio of NMR frequencies of lithium isotopes was determined: with an error of 4,9·10–10. We used a spectrometer mode with simultaneous recording of signals from two cores, which allows us to reduce random and systematic errors by an order of magnitude. The ratio of the resonant frequencies of water protons and 7Li ions was determined: with an error of 3,5·10–9 for solutions with an extremely low concentration of LiOH*H2O salt in water and at a temperature of 25 °C. Based on the data obtained, the magnetic moments of lithium nuclei were calculated. The known data on the magnetic moment of the proton and data on the electronic shielding of these nuclei were used. The comparison of experimental data on µ(6Li) and µ(7Li) with data from theoretical calculations is discussed.

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16

Caciolli, A., M. Chiari, A. Climent-Font, M. T. Fernández-Jiménez, G. García-López, F. Lucarelli, S. Nava, and A. Zucchiatti. "Measurements of γ-ray emission induced by protons on fluorine and lithium." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 249, no. 1-2 (August 2006): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2006.03.089.

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17

DuBois, R. D., and L. H. Toburen. "Electron capture by protons and helium ions from lithium, sodium, and magnesium." Physical Review A 31, no. 6 (June 1, 1985): 3603–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.31.3603.

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18

Pehlivan, Esat, and Gunnar A. Niklasson. "Fractal dimensions of niobium oxide films probed by protons and lithium ions." Journal of Applied Physics 100, no. 5 (September 2006): 053506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2337164.

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19

Justus, Eugen, Klaus Rischka, James F Wishart, Kristina Werner, and Detlef Gabel. "Trialkylammoniododecaborates: Anions for Ionic Liquids with Potassium, Lithium and Protons as Cations." Chemistry - A European Journal 14, no. 6 (February 18, 2008): 1918–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.200701427.

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20

Zhu, Bin, Yi Sheng Zhang, Jian Gong Hu, Hong Guang Yang, and Qin Zhan. "Simulation of Radiation Damage for the Typical Tritium Permeation Barrier Coating Materials." Advanced Materials Research 308-310 (August 2011): 1226–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.308-310.1226.

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The study of tritium permeation barrier (TPB) coating is one of the most important subjects in the development of liquid lithium blankets in International Thermonuclear Experiment Reactor (ITER). Radiation-shielding property is one of the most important assessment indicators of TPB coating materials. Radiation damage experiment is difficult to perform, so with the Monte Carlo code TRIM(Transport of Ions in Matter), simulations of proton irradiation have been done for three kinds of candidate materials-Al2O3, Er2O3, Y2O3.This study focuses on the energy transfer, energy loss, and vacancies of the protons, as well as the stopping power of coating materials. According to the calculation results, Al2O3 has the strongest resistance against tritium permeation while more vacancies are produced after proton radiation.

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21

Paul, Michael, Ido Silverman, Shlomi Halfon, Semion Sukoriansky, Boris Mikhailovich, Tala Palchan, Arkady Kapusta, et al. "A 50 kW Liquid-Lithium Target for BNCT and Material-Science Applications." EPJ Web of Conferences 231 (2020): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023103004.

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A compact Liquid Lithium Target (LiLiT) has been operating at SARAF for several years with beam power of several kW (1.9-2.5 MeV, up to 2 mA). When bombarding the lithium with low energy protons neutrons are generated. The neutron source, mainly used for nuclear astrophysics research, was decommissioned in 2016 towards an upgraded model - with possible applications to Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) and material-science studies. The improved version has been designed to sustain 50 kW proton beam power (2.5 MeV, ~20 mA) to provide sufficient neutron flux required for clinical BNCT application. The new model has a 50 mm wide lithium jet to enable dissipation of the higher beam power and an improved heat exchanger to remove the power to a secondary cooling loop. A new Annular Linear INduction electro-magnetic pump (ALIN) has been designed and built to provide the required lithium flow rate. Other mechanical improvements facilitate the maintenance of the system and the robustness of operation. Radiological risks due to the 7Be produced in the reaction are reduced by using an integrated lead shielding of the lithium reservoir. An integrated neutron moderator is being designed to adjust the neutron energy to the spectrum best suited to BNCT. A low power (6 kW) model of the new design with a narrower nozzle (18 mm wide) and a rotating-magnet electro-magnetic pump is operating at SARAF to support the ongoing astrophysics and nuclear research program [1], [2]. To fulfill clinical BNCT, the upgraded LiLiT model will require an accelerator of appropriate energy and intensity. The design features of the new system are presented in this paper.

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22

Qiao, Zhaopeng, Xiaobo Li, Yongsheng Lv, Yupeng Xie, Yaocheng Hu, Jie Wang, Haipeng Li, and Sheng Wang. "Depositing a Titanium Coating on the Lithium Neutron Production Target by Magnetron Sputtering Technology." Materials 14, no. 8 (April 9, 2021): 1873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14081873.

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Lithium (Li) is one of the commonly used target materials for compact accelerator-based neutron source (CANS) to generate neutrons by 7Li(p, n)7 Be reaction. To avoid neutron yield decline caused by lithium target reacting with the air, a titanium (Ti) coating was deposited on the lithium target by magnetron sputtering technology. The color change processes of coated and bare lithium samples in the air were observed and compared to infer the chemical state of lithium qualitatively. The surface topography, thickness, and element distribution of the coating were characterized by SEM, EDS and XPS. The compositions of samples were inferred by their XRD patterns. It was found that a Ti coating with a thickness of about 200 nanometers could effectively isolate lithium from air and stabilize its chemical state in the atmosphere for at least nine hours. The Monte Carlo simulations were performed to estimate the effects of the Ti coating on the incident protons and the neutron yield. It turned out that these effects could be ignored. This research indicates that depositing a thin, titanium coating on the lithium target is feasible and effective to keep it from compounds’ formation when it is exposed to the air in a short period. Such a target can be installed and replaced on an accelerator beam line in the air directly.

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23

Hassan, Abrar Ul, and Cihat Guleryuz. "THEORETICAL EVALUATION OF THE PERMEABILITY OF DISCHARGE ITEM (LiOOH) IN Li-O2 BATTERIES." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 51, no. 3 (June 25, 2021): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2021.595.

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Both lithium ions and protons have been directly implicated in oxygen reduction and evolutionary responses and lithium hydroperoxide and lithium hydroxide are recognized as prevailing discharge ingredients. Attributes of lithium hydroperoxide shall be evaluated in principle. Impressively, the reaction of lithium hydroperoxide to triiodide shows quicker material properties, which allows a slightly lower excessive-potential during the charging cycle. The frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), UV-Vis, and solvation model-based studies remained unknown. Therefore, we intended to study the Reaction path study, natural bond orbital, FMOs, UV-VIS, thermodynamic properties and medium influence on solvation energies, dipole moment, FT-IR and FT-Raman using polarizable continuum model (PCM) and density-based solvation model (SMD). The electronic properties of the molecule were calculated by M06-2X/6-31G (d,P) and B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) level of theories. Natural bond orbital discloses that the optimum stabilization energy managed to reach 39.64 kJ / mol, which is accountable for the extra stability of the compound. Based on materials impacts on FT-IR and FT-Raman intensities are identified in the understudy compound. Frequencies improved from gas to the solvent process.

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24

Majewski, Marek, and Guo-Zhu Zheng. "Stereoselective deprotonation of tropinone and reactions of tropinone lithium enolate." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 10 (October 1, 1992): 2618–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v92-330.

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Tropinone (6) was deprotonated with lithium diisopropylamide and with chiral lithium amides (18–24) and the resulting enolates (two enantiomers) were treated with electrophiles. The aldol reaction with benzaldehyde and deuteration were both diastereoselective. The former yielded only one isomer (exo, anti) of the aldol 8a; the latter proceeded from the exo face. This selectivity permitted us to probe the deprotonation of tropinone with lithium amides; it was concluded that the reaction involves predominantly the exo axial protons. The reaction of tropinone enolate with ethyl chloroformate led, via a ring opening, to the cycloheptenone derivative 9. The reaction with methyl cyanoformate yielded, in the presence of silver acetate and acetic acid, the β-ketoester 8b; however, in the absence of these additives, and especially when 12-crown-4 was added to the enolate, a ring opening leading to the pyrrolidine derivative 10 occurred instead. Deprotonation of tropinone with chiral lithium amides proceeded with modest enantioselectivity. A synthesis of non-racemic anhydroecgonine via this strategy allowed establishing the absolute stereochemistry of deprotonation.

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25

Lundén, Arnold, Bengt-Erik Mellander, Bin Zhu, Kurt Nielsen, Rolf Willestofte Berg, Niels Janniksen Bjerrum, and Allan E. Underhill. "Mobility of Protons and Oxygen Ions in Lithium Sulfate and Other Oxyacid Salts." Acta Chemica Scandinavica 45 (1991): 981–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.45-0981.

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26

González, R., R. Pareja, and Y. Chen. "Protons in neutron-irradiated and thermochemically reduced MgO crystals doped with lithium impurities." Physical Review B 45, no. 22 (June 1, 1992): 12730–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.45.12730.

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27

Lee, W. E. "TEM characterization of proton-exchanged LiNbO3 optical waveguides." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 44 (August 1986): 480–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010014395x.

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An optical waveguide consists of a several-micron wide channel with a slightly different index of refraction than the host substrate; light can be trapped in the channel by total internal reflection.Optical waveguides can be formed from single-crystal LiNbO3 using the proton exhange technique. In this technique, polished specimens are masked with polycrystal1ine chromium in such a way as to leave 3-13 μm wide channels. These are held in benzoic acid at 249°C for 5 minutes allowing protons to exchange for lithium ions within the channels causing an increase in the refractive index of the channel and creating the waveguide. Unfortunately, optical measurements often reveal a loss in waveguiding ability up to several weeks after exchange.

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28

Suryanto, Bryan H. R., Karolina Matuszek, Jaecheol Choi, Rebecca Y. Hodgetts, Hoang-Long Du, Jacinta M. Bakker, Colin S. M. Kang, Pavel V. Cherepanov, Alexandr N. Simonov, and Douglas R. MacFarlane. "Nitrogen reduction to ammonia at high efficiency and rates based on a phosphonium proton shuttle." Science 372, no. 6547 (June 10, 2021): 1187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abg2371.

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Ammonia (NH3) is a globally important commodity for fertilizer production, but its synthesis by the Haber-Bosch process causes substantial emissions of carbon dioxide. Alternative, zero-carbon emission NH3 synthesis methods being explored include the promising electrochemical lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction reaction, which has nonetheless required sacrificial sources of protons. In this study, a phosphonium salt is introduced as a proton shuttle to help resolve this limitation. The salt also provides additional ionic conductivity, enabling high NH3 production rates of 53 ± 1 nanomoles per second per square centimeter at 69 ± 1% faradaic efficiency in 20-hour experiments under 0.5-bar hydrogen and 19.5-bar nitrogen. Continuous operation for more than 3 days is demonstrated.

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29

Ariza, María J., Deborah J. Jones, Jacques Rozière, Ramesh Chitrakar, and Kenta Ooi. "Probing the Local Structure and the Role of Protons in Lithium Sorption Processes of a New Lithium-Rich Manganese Oxide." Chemistry of Materials 18, no. 7 (April 2006): 1885–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm052214r.

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30

Modarres, M., and A. Hadian. "The role of quark exchange in the structure function of Lithium nucleus." International Journal of Modern Physics E 24, no. 05 (May 2015): 1550037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301315500378.

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The quark exchange formalism is formulated to calculate the quark momentum distribution in the iso-scalar Lithium nucleus. Then by boosting the nucleus to an infinite momentum frame, the Lithium structure function is evaluated at different nucleon "sizes", i.e., b = 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 and 1 fm and the Bjorken scale (x) values. It is shown that the Lithium structure function becomes narrower, and it is pushed to the smaller x values, as the nucleon size is increased. Similar to our previous works for three nucleon systems, the Lithium nucleus European muon collaboration (EMC) ratio decreases, as we increase the x and b values and it shows larger effect, with respect to the free nucleon and three nucleons iso-scalar nucleus. On the other hand, present calculation of the EMC ratio for Lithium nucleus shows a good agreement with the corresponding NMC data, which is available for 1.4 × 10-4 ≤ x ≤ 0.65. Since the atomic number is still small (A = 6), in this work as usual, we ignore the possibility of simultaneous exchange of quarks between more than two nucleons, which can be important as one moves to the heavy nuclei. Although, according to Hen et al., in the neutron rich nuclei the protons have a greater probability than neutrons to have momentum greater than the Fermi momentum, the three-body contribution may be suppressed.

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31

Ariza, Marı́a J., Deborah J. Jones, Jacques Rozière, and James S. Lord. "Muon spectroscopy for studying magnetism and protons and lithium dynamics in spinel manganese oxides." Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 65, no. 2-3 (March 2004): 597–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2003.10.037.

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32

Schweinzer, J., R. Brandenburg, I. Bray, R. Hoekstra, F. Aumayr, R. K. Janev, and HP Winter. "DATABASE FOR INELASTIC COLLISIONS OF LITHIUM ATOMS WITH ELECTRONS, PROTONS, AND MULTIPLY CHARGED IONS." Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables 72, no. 2 (July 1999): 239–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/adnd.1999.0815.

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33

Waldeland, Einar, Eli Olaug Hole, Bo Stenerlöw, Erik Grusell, Einar Sagstuen, and Eirik Malinen. "Radical Formation in Lithium Formate EPR Dosimeters after Irradiation with Protons and Nitrogen Ions." Radiation Research 174, no. 2 (August 2010): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/rr2035.1.

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34

Dalton, A. W. "Light conversion efficiency of small lithium scintillators for electrons, protons, deuterons and alpha particles." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 254, no. 2 (February 1987): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(87)90685-1.

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35

Zakalek, Paul, Paul-Emmanuel Doege, Johannes Baggemann, Eric Mauerhofer, and Thomas Brückel. "Energy and target material dependence of the neutron yield induced by proton and deuteron bombardment." EPJ Web of Conferences 231 (2020): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023103006.

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The neutron yield for compact accelerator driven neutron sources depends on the target material, the ion type and its energy. When such sources are operated with low energy proton beams below 30 MeV, typical target materials are lithium and beryllium. New developments indicate that higher energies or a deuteron beam might be useful to increase the neutron yield at constant accelerator power. Here we present the total neutron yield analytically calculated for protons and deuterons at energies up to 100 MeV for various target materials. The total neutron yield depends on the involved cross sections and the stopping power of the target material. This study shows that for energies lower than 30 MeV light target materials with a deuteron beam are preferable whereas for energies above 30 MeV heavy target materials show a high neutron yield with little difference for a proton or deuteron beam.

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36

Mathar, Richard J., John R. Sabin, and S. B. Trickey. "Electronic stopping of protons for lithium in the dielectric formulation obtained from first-principles calculations." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 155, no. 3 (August 1999): 249–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-583x(99)00295-5.

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37

Song, Ah-Young, Yiran Xiao, Kostiantyn Turcheniuk, Punith Upadhya, Anirudh Ramanujapuram, Jim Benson, Alexandre Magasinski, et al. "Ion Conductivities: Protons Enhance Conductivities in Lithium Halide Hydroxide/Lithium Oxyhalide Solid Electrolytes by Forming Rotating Hydroxy Groups (Adv. Energy Mater. 3/2018)." Advanced Energy Materials 8, no. 3 (January 2018): 1870014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201870014.

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38

Demin, V. A., M. I. Petukhov, R. S. Ponomarev, and A. V. Topova. "On a role of anisotropy and nonlinear diffusive effects during the construction of waveguides in the lithium niobate." Вестник Пермского университета. Физика, no. 1 (2021): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1994-3598-2021-1-49-58.

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Direct numerical simulation of a process of hydrogen diffusive intrusion into the lithium niobate monocrystal is fulfilled with reference to the manufacturing two-channel system of waveguides. The calculations were carried out according to the technology of waveguides production, taking into account the presence of several stages, which at first include the material saturation with the protons by treating the working surface with the melt of benzoic acid, and then annealing the sample. The contribution of the nonlinear diffusion to the process of the waveguide shaping is analyzed. It is shown that the formation of a stepped waveguide boundary is significantly influenced by the procedure of monocrystal annealing. Heretofore, the annealing stage was not quantitatively investigated. It can be emphasized that the attention has not been paid to the possible role of the annealing on formation of the sharper boundary between the waveguide and its mother substrate. A theoretical model of anisotropic diffusion in a solid material is constructed on the basis of experimental data, which indicate the presence of a transitional surface layer with pronounced regular mesostructural directions in the polished lithium niobate monocrystal. Based on the derived equations, the waveguides shape in a cross-section was simulated numerically for different values of inclination angle of the main axes with respect to the cut lines of the crystal. It is demonstrated that in the region of the waveguide bifurcation, when at the stage of protons intrusion the interaction of diffusive fluxes is possible, the diffusion anisotropy can lead to a breakdown of the waveguides symmetry, which can affect their optical properties.

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39

Теплякова, Наталья Александровна, Николай Васильевич Сидоров, and Михаил Николаевич Палатников. "CALCULATION OF THE POINT DEFECT CONCENTRATION OF THE CATION SUBLATTICE AND HYDROXYL GROUPS IN LITHIUM NIOBATE CRYSTALS OF DIFFERENT COMPOSITION." Physical and Chemical Aspects of the Study of Clusters, Nanostructures and Nanomaterials, no. 12() (December 15, 2020): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/pcascnn/2020.12.200.

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Исследованы ИК-спектры поглощения в области валентных колебаний OH - групп кристаллов ниобата лития стехиометрического и конгруэнтного составов. Рассчитана концентрация OH - групп, отношение Li / Nb, а также концентрация точечных дефектов Nb и V. Результаты расчетов совпадают с литературными данными и подтверждаются фазовой диаграммой ниобата лития. Показано, что увеличение количества свободных протонов (вносящих вклад в проводимость) может обуславливать более высокие электропроводность, скорость термической фиксации голограмм и снижение эффекта фоторефракции. The IR absorption spectra in the region of stretching vibrations of OH - groups of lithium niobate crystals of stoichiometric and congruent compositions are studied. The results of calculations of the OH - groups concentration, the Li / Nb ratio and the concentration of point defects Nb and V coincide with the literature data. The phase diagram of lithium niobate confirms these results. It is shown that an increase in the number of free protons that contribute to conductivity can lead to reducing the optical damage and higher electrical conductivity and the rate of thermal fixation of holograms.

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Bulgadaryan, D. G., D. N. Sinelnikov, N. E. Efimov, and V. A. Kurnaev. "Using the Scattering Spectroscopy of keV-Energy Protons to Analyze the Deposition of Lithium on Tungsten." Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics 84, no. 6 (June 2020): 742–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1062873820060064.

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Land, David J. "Time-dependent distortion in calculations ofK-shell ionization for incident protons and helium and lithium ions." Physical Review A 44, no. 1 (July 1, 1991): 274–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.44.274.

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Cevc, Gregor, John M. Seddon, and Derek Marsh. "Thermodynamic and structural properties of phosphatidylserine bilayer membranes in the presence of lithium ions and protons." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 814, no. 1 (March 1985): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2736(85)90429-8.

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Gieszczyk, W., P. Bilski, M. Kłosowski, T. Nowak, and L. Malinowski. "Thermoluminescent response of differently doped lithium magnesium phosphate (LiMgPO4, LMP) crystals to protons, neutrons and alpha particles." Radiation Measurements 113 (June 2018): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2018.03.007.

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Ilan, Har’el, Sagi Frishman, and Aharon J. Agranat. "Investigation of the conduction in an implanted layer of protons in a potassium lithium tantalate niobate substrate." Applied Physics Letters 101, no. 14 (October 2012): 141111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4757128.

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Huber, Gerald, Annette Schier, and Hubert Schmidbaur. "The Stereochemistry of Chloro-bis(N-morpholino)phenylsilane." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 54, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1999-0106.

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Treatment of phenyltrichlorosilane with an excess of morpholine and N-lithium-morpholide in pentane/toluene affords only the disubstitution product Cl(Ph)Si(Mor)2 with Mor = O(CH2CH2)2N-. The third halogen atom is not replaced owing to sterical hindrance. The title compound crystallizes with two independent molecules in the unit cell. These two molecules can be classified as enantiomers, because a disrotatory twist of the two morpholino ligands away from the potential mirror plane induces a chiral conformation. In benzene solution there is racemization owing to completely free rotation, chair/boat interconversion, and nitrogen inversion of the morpholino groups on the NMR time scale, but all CH2 protons remain anisochronous (diastereotopic).

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Nichelatti, E., M. Piccinini, A. Ampollini, L. Picardi, C. Ronsivalle, F. Bonfigli, M. A. Vincenti, and R. M. Montereali. "Bragg-curve imaging of 7 MeV protons in a lithium fluoride crystal by fluorescence microscopy of colour centres." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 120, no. 5 (December 1, 2017): 56003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/120/56003.

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Obryk, B., P. Bilski, M. Glaser, M. Fuerstner, M. Budzanowski, P. Olko, and A. Pajor. "The response of TL lithium fluoride detectors to 24 GeV/c protons for doses ranging up to 1 MGy." Radiation Measurements 45, no. 3-6 (March 2010): 643–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2009.12.041.

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Song, Ah‐Young, Kostiantyn Turcheniuk, Johannes Leisen, Yiran Xiao, Lamartine Meda, Oleg Borodin, and Gleb Yushin. "Understanding Li‐Ion Dynamics in Lithium Hydroxychloride (Li 2 OHCl) Solid State Electrolyte via Addressing the Role of Protons." Advanced Energy Materials 10, no. 8 (January 17, 2020): 1903480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201903480.

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Prodanovic, T., and B. D. Fields. "Structure formation cosmic rays: Identifying observational constraints." Serbian Astronomical Journal, no. 170 (2005): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/saj0570033p.

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Shocks that arise from baryonic in-fall and merger events during the structure formation are believed to be a source of cosmic rays. These "structure formation cosmic rays" (SFCRs) would essentially be primordial in composition, namely, mostly made of protons and alpha particles. However, very little is known about this population of cosmic rays. One way to test the level of its presence is to look at the products of hadronic reactions between SFCRs and the ISM. A perfect probe of these reactions would be Li. The rare isotope Li is produced only by cosmic rays, dominantly in ?? ? 6Li fusion reactions with the ISM helium. Consequently, this nuclide provides a unique diagnostic of the history of cosmic rays. Exactly because of this unique property is Li affected most by the presence of an additional cosmic ray population. In turn, this could have profound consequences for the Big-Bang nucleosynthesis: cosmic rays created during cosmic structure formation would lead to pre-Galactic Li production, which would act as a "contaminant" to the primordial 7Li content of metalpoor halo stars. Given the already existing problem of establishing the concordance between Li observed in halo stars and primordial 7Li as predicted by the WMAP, it is crucial to set limits to the level of this "contamination". However, the history of SFCRs is not very well known. Thus we propose a few model-independent ways of testing the SFCR species and their history, as well as the existing lithium problem: 1) we establish the connection between gamma-ray and Li production, which enables us to place constraints on the SFCR-made lithium by using the observed Extragalactic Gamma-Ray Background (EGRB); 2) we propose a new site for testing the primordial and SFCR-made lithium, namely, low-metalicity High-Velocity Clouds (HVCs), which retain the pre-Galactic composition without any significant depletion. Although using one method alone may not give us strong constraints, using them in concert will shed a new light on the SFCR population and possibly give some answers about the pressing lithium problem. .

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Bae, Soyoung, Youngno Kim, Jeong Min Kim, and Jung Hyun Kim. "Dual-Cation Electrolytes Crosslinked with MXene for High-Performance Electrochromic Devices." Nanomaterials 11, no. 4 (March 30, 2021): 874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11040874.

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MXene, a 2D material, is used as a filler to manufacture polymer electrolytes with high ionic conductivity because of its unique sheet shape, large specific surface area and high aspect ratio. Because MXene has numerous -OH groups on its surface, it can cause dehydration and condensation reactions with poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PSSA) and consequently create pathways for the conduction of cations. The movement of Grotthuss-type hydrogen ions along the cation-conduction pathway is promoted and a high ionic conductivity can be obtained. In addition, when electrolytes composed of a conventional acid or metal salt alone is applied to an electrochromic device (ECD), it does not bring out fast response time, high coloration efficiency and transmittance contrast simultaneously. Therefore, dual-cation electrolytes are designed for high-performance ECDs. Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amine lithium salt (LiTFSI) was used as a source of lithium ions and PSSA crosslinked with MXene was used as a source of protons. Dual-Cation electrolytes crosslinked with MXene was applied to an indium tin oxide-free, all-solution-processable ECD. The effect of applying the electrolyte to the device was verified in terms of response time, coloration efficiency and transmittance contrast. The ECD with a size of 5 × 5 cm2 showed a high transmittance contrast of 66.7%, fast response time (8 s/15 s) and high coloration efficiency of 340.6 cm2/C.

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