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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Protoplast

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Academic literature on the topic 'Protoplast'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Protoplast"

1

Perera, Srini C., and Peggy Ozias-Akins. "Regeneration from Sweetpotato Protoplasts and Assessment of Growth Conditions for Flow-sorting of Fusion Mixtures." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 116, no. 5 (September 1991): 917–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.116.5.917.

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Petiole protoplasts of the sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] cultivars Red Jewel and Georgia Jet formed cell walls within 24 hours and divided in 2 to 3 days. Pretreating enzyme solutions with activated charcoal increased the viability and division frequency of protoplasts. Culture of protoplast-donor plants in a medium containing STS did not affect plant growth, protoplasm yield, or viability, but did increase the division frequency. Culture of protoplasts for 24 hours in a medium containing DB, a cell wall synthesis inhibitor, or staining of protoplasts with FDA did not significantly affect division frequency. The division frequency of protoplasts cultured in liquid medium was significantly higher than that of protoplasts cultured in agarose-solidified medium. Cell cycle analysis of petioles and freshly isolated protoplasts showed that the latter has a significantly higher proportion of nuclei in G1 phase. Protoplasts did not initiate DNA synthesis or mitosis within the first 24 hours of culture. Low-frequency regeneration of shoots from protoplast-derived callus was accomplished on MS medium containing 1.0 mg ldnetin/liter when preceded by MS medium modified to contain only (in mg·liter-1) 800 NH4NO3, 1400 KNO3, 0.5 2,4-D, 0.5 kinetin, and 1.0 ABA. Roots produced from protoplast-derived callus formed adventitious shoots after 4 weeks on MS medium containing 2% sucrose, 0.02 mg kinetin/liter and 0.2% Gelrite. Secondary shoot formation from regenerated roots will be a more effective means of obtaining plants from protoplasts than direct shoot regeneration from callus. Chemical names used: silver thiosulfate (STS): 2.6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DB); fluorescein diacetate (FDA): 2.4-diacetate (FDA); 2.4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); abscisic acid (ABA).

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2

Sinha, Anupam, Andrew C. Wetten, and P. D. S. Caligari. "Effect of biotic factors on the isolation of Lupinus albus protoplasts." Australian Journal of Botany 51, no. 1 (2003): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt01104.

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Several tissue types of Lupinus albus L. were investigated as sources for the isolation of protoplasts. Cotyledons from in vitro seedlings were found to yield the highest number of protoplasts compared with leaves, hypocotyls and roots. A combination of the protoplast isolation enzymes, cellulase and Pectolyase Y23, was capable of releasing the highest number of protoplasts compared with a combination of cellulase and Macerase. Protoplast yield increased with increasing cotyledon age but was accompanied by a progressive decline in protoplast viability. The optimal combination of protoplast yield and viability occurred when the protoplasts were isolated from 14- to 18-day-old cotyledons. The ratio between the volume of enzyme solution and the tissue biomass did not affect the protoplast production significantly. This is the first report of the isolation of protoplasts from a lupin cotyledon and, following the procedure described in this paper, an average yield of 1.2 × 106 protoplasts per gram of fresh tissue was obtainable.

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Sun, M., H. Kieft, and AAM van Lammeren. "Cotyledon-derived diploid and haploid protoplast culture and diploid plant regeneration in Brassica napus cv. ' Topas '." Canadian Journal of Botany 76, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 530–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b98-022.

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The present paper describes a simple and reliable protocol for the successful isolation, purification, culture, and regeneration of diploid cotyledon-derived protoplasts of Brassica napus L. cv. 'Topas'. Various protoplast isolation media, nutrient media, subculture procedures, and protoplast sources were tested under two culture temperatures. Protoplast viability, cell wall regeneration, and cell division were monitored. Single cotyledon-derived protoplasts formed calli in liquid protoplast medium, and when these were subcultured on solid proliferation medium and solid regeneration medium of appropriate composition, plants regenerated either by shoot formation or embryogenesis. Continuous culture at 32°C instead of 25°C favoured the initiation of cell division and cell proliferation but prevented regeneration, although calli maintained regeneration capacity. Viable haploid protoplasts were isolated from cotyledons of heat-shock-induced, microspore-derived haploid embryos and from young leaves of secondary embryos that were formed on microspore-derived embryos. Cell divisions were triggered in the two types of haploid protoplast cultures, and microcalli were formed at high frequencies. Differences between haploid and diploid protoplast cultures are discussed.Key words: cotyledon protoplast culture, haploid culture, plant regeneration.

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4

Struck, C., R. Rohringer, and R. Heitefuss. "Isolation and lectin-binding properties of barley epidermal and mesophyll protoplasts." Canadian Journal of Botany 72, no. 11 (November 1, 1994): 1688–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-207.

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Protoplasts from primary leaves of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were obtained by enzymatic digestion and fractionated by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation to yield highly enriched fractions of mesophyll and epidermal protoplasts. A characterization of both protoplast types resulted in a clear differentiation of the outer protoplast surfaces. The protoplasts were examined for affinity to various lectins by agglutination tests and by labeling with lectin – fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugates. Both types of protoplasts agglutinated with soybean lectin. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled soybean lectin was uniformly distributed on the protoplast surface. Mesophyll protoplasts, but not protoplasts from the epidermis, were agglutinated by Concanavalin A. Both types of protoplasts exhibited fluorescence labeling with Concanavalin A – fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate. This label often showed a patchy distribution on the protoplast surface. Tetragonolobus lectin and β-D-glucosyl Yariv artificial antigen agglutinated mesophyll but not epidermal protoplasts. One of three tested monoclonal antibodies with specificity for arabinogalactans had affinity to the surface of mesophyll and epidermal protoplasts. Key words: agglutination, arabinogalactan protein, cell surface, epidermal protoplasts, fluorescence labeling, lectin.

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5

Liu, Donglong, and Nancy A. Reichert. "PROTOPLAST ISOLATION AND CULTURE OF KENAF (HIBISCUS CANNABINUS L.)." HortScience 29, no. 7 (July 1994): 729e—729. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.7.729e.

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Protoplast isolation and culture protocols were developed for leaf tissue from 6 kenaf cultivars [Everglades 41 (E41), E71, Guatemala 4 (G4), G45, G51, and Tainung 1]. For protoplast isolation, the best combination of hydrolytic enzymes was cellulysin (1% w/v; Calbiochem) plus macerase (0.5% w/v; Calbiochem), with a 24 hour digestion at 30°C in the dark. Yields reached 7.2 (10)6 protoplasts/g leaf tissue. Protoplast viabilities ranged from 65% to 96%. Minor cultivar differences were observed related to protoplast yield, but all viability estimates were in an acceptable range. Greatest cell division frequencies and plating efficiencies were obtained when protoplasts were initially cultured in liquid medium at a density of 1.0 (10)5 protoplasts/ml. Electrofusion protocols were developed for kenaf protoplasts testing the range from 1200 to 3000 V/cm. A fusion voltage of 2000 V/cm yielded the highest fusion frequency and retained viability above 80%.

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Han, Jong-Eun, Han-Sol Lee, Hyoshin Lee, Hyunwoo Cho, and So-Young Park. "Embryogenic Stem Cell Identity after Protoplast Isolation from Daucus carota and Recovery of Regeneration Ability through Protoplast Culture." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19 (September 30, 2022): 11556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911556.

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Protoplasts are single cells isolated from tissues or organs and are considered a suitable system for cell studies in plants. Embryogenic cells are totipotent stem cells, but their regeneration ability decreases or becomes lost altogether with extension of the culture period. In this study, we isolated and cultured EC-derived protoplasts (EC-pts) from carrots and compared them with non-EC-derived protoplasts (NEC-pts) with respect to their totipotency. The protoplast isolation conditions were optimized, and the EC-pts and NEC-pts were characterized by their cell size and types. Both types of protoplasts were then embedded using the alginate layer (TAL) method, and the resulting EC-pt-TALs and NEC-pt-TALs were cultured for further regeneration. The expression of the EC-specific genes SERK1, WUS, BBM, LEC1, and DRN was analyzed to confirm whether EC identity was maintained after protoplast isolation. The protoplast isolation efficiency for EC-pts was 2.4-fold higher than for NEC-pts (3.5 × 106 protoplasts·g−1 FW). In the EC-pt group, protoplasts < 20 µm accounted for 58% of the total protoplasts, whereas in the NEC-pt group, small protoplasts accounted for only 26%. In protoplast culture, the number of protoplasts that divided was 2.6-fold higher for EC-pts than for NEC-pts (7.7 × 104 protoplasts·g−1 FW), with a high number of plants regenerated for EC-pt-TALs, whereas no plants were induced by NEC-pt-TAL. Five times more plants were regenerated from EC-pts than from ECs. Regarding the expression of EC-specific genes, WUS and SERK1 expression increased 12-fold, and LEC1 and BBM expression increased 3.6–6.4-fold in isolated protoplasts compared with ECs prior to protoplast isolation (control). These results reveal that the protoplast isolation process did not affect the embryogenic cell identity; rather, it increased the plant regeneration rate, confirming that EC-derived protoplast culture may be an efficient system for increasing the regeneration ability of old EC cultures through the elimination of old and inactivate cells. EC-derived protoplasts may also represent an efficient single-cell system for application in new breeding technologies such as genome editing.

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Ahmed, Mohamed A. A., Miao Miao, Emmanouil D. Pratsinakis, Hongliang Zhang, Wei Wang, Yuan Yuan, Meiling Lyu, et al. "Protoplast Isolation, Fusion, Culture and Transformation in the Woody Plant Jasminum spp." Agriculture 11, no. 8 (July 26, 2021): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11080699.

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Plant protoplasts are significant for plant cell culture, somatic cell fusion, genetics, and breeding studies. In addition, in vitro plant regeneration has great importance for developmental biology, manifesting potential applications in agriculture and biotechnology. In this regard, we present a well-established protocol regarding protoplast isolation, cell culture and protoplast fusion of Jasminum spp. In particular, different tissues of Jasminum samab L. and Jasminum mesnyi were employed for protoplast isolation, and stem explants provided a high callus induction rate in a short period of time. The best source for protoplast isolation was calli tissues. The optimized isolation protocol consisted of digesting callus in an enzyme solution containing 0.4 M mannitol, 0.2 M MES, 1 M CaCl2, 0.2 M KCL and 1 M NaH2PO4, 1.5% Cellulases onozuka R-10, 0.4% Macerozyme R-10 and 0.8% Pectinase for 4 h at 26 °C in the dark, providing a yield of 23.8 × 106 Protoplast/gFW with 88% viability. Protoplasts were cultured both in liquid and agarose medium under optimum conditions, leading to microcalli formation after eight weeks. A 5% protoplast-fusion rate can be achieved when cultured in 40% (w/v) PEG-MW6000 supplemented with 0.1 M CaCl2, 0.1 M sorbitol and 1 M Tris for 20 min. Furthermore, we developed an efficient PEG-mediated transformation protocol for jasmine protoplasts. The best results regarding protoplast transformation were obtained when the protoplast concentration was 4 × 105 cells/mL and the exogenous plasmid DNA added had a concentration of 10 µg DNA/100 µL protoplast solution, followed by the application of 40% PEG-4000 for 10 min.

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Kurita-Tashiro, Asami, Noriko Hayashi, Tomoya Oyanagi, and Hamako Sasamoto. "New Factors for Protoplast-Callose-Fiber Formation in Salt-Tolerant Mangrove Plants, Avicennia alba and Bruguiera sexangula and Analysis of Fiber Substructures." Journal of Plant Studies 9, no. 2 (May 2, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jps.v9n2p1.

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Elongated and spiral β-1,3-glucan (callose) fibers were obtained by new factors from protoplasts cultured in liquid medium from suspension cultured cells of two salt-tolerant mangrove species; Avicennia alba and Bruguiera sexangula. Differences in salt factor for protoplast-fiber formation were compared with those of the callose fibers developed from protoplasts of non-mangrove tree plants, Larix leptolepis and Betula platyphylla, which high concentrations of divalent cations, Mg2+ (50 mM) or Ca2+ (100 mM), were stimulatory. In the halophilic A. alba protoplasts, whose cell division was stimulated by up to 400 mM NaCl, addition of Mg2+, Ca2+, K+ ions inhibited protoplast-fiber formation. In B. sexangula, protoplast-fibers were rapidly and efficiently formed only by another new factor, electric cell fusion treatment of protoplasts. Spiral fibers developed from mangrove protoplasts were detected under an inverted microscope, and their specific blue-green color for callose after staining with Aniline Blue dye was detected under a fluorescence microscope. Enzymatic certification of callose was further performed with laminarinase, specific for callose, in comparison with cellulase CBH1, specific for cellulose. Differences in sub-structures, fibrils and sub-fibrils of two mangrove protoplast-fibers were analyzed using laser confocal scanning microscopy, atomic force microscopy and image J analysis. Tube-like fine structure was observed using transmission electron microscopy in single protoplast-fiber of B. sexangula selected with a micromanipulator.

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Shao, Yingying, Detian Mu, Limei Pan, Iain W. Wilson, Yajie Zheng, Lina Zhu, Zhiguo Lu, et al. "Optimization of Isolation and Transformation of Protoplasts from Uncaria rhynchophylla and Its Application to Transient Gene Expression Analysis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4 (February 11, 2023): 3633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043633.

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Protoplast-based engineering has become an important tool for basic plant molecular biology research and developing genome-edited crops. Uncaria rhynchophylla is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant with a variety of pharmaceutically important indole alkaloids. In this study, an optimized protocol for U. rhynchophylla protoplast isolation, purification, and transient gene expression was developed. The best protoplast separation protocol was found to be 0.8 M D-mannitol, 1.25% Cellulase R-10, and 0.6% Macerozyme R-10 enzymolysis for 5 h at 26 °C in the dark with constant oscillation at 40 rpm/min. The protoplast yield was as high as 1.5 × 107 protoplasts/g fresh weight, and the survival rate of protoplasts was greater than 90%. Furthermore, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transient transformation of U. rhynchophylla protoplasts was investigated by optimizing different crucial factors affecting transfection efficiency, including plasmid DNA amount, PEG concentration, and transfection duration. The U. rhynchophylla protoplast transfection rate was highest (71%) when protoplasts were transfected overnight at 24 °C with the 40 µg of plasmid DNA for 40 min in a solution containing 40% PEG. This highly efficient protoplast-based transient expression system was used for subcellular localization of transcription factor UrWRKY37. Finally, a dual-luciferase assay was used to detect a transcription factor promoter interaction by co-expressing UrWRKY37 with a UrTDC-promoter reporter plasmid. Taken together, our optimized protocols provide a foundation for future molecular studies of gene function and expression in U. rhynchophylla.

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Suryati, Emma, Andi Tenriulo, and Sri Rejeki Hesti Mulyaningrum. "ISOLASI DAN KULTUR PROTOPLAS RUMPUT LAUT Kappaphycus alvarezii DI LABORATORIUM." Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 2, no. 3 (December 30, 2007): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.2.3.2007.399-405.

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Isolasi protoplas rumput laut K. alvarezii, telah dilakukan dalam rangka penyiapan protoplas untuk penyilangan melalui fusi protoplas. Metode yang digunakan antara lain melalui cara kimia dengan melisis tallus rumput laut dengan campuran enzim komersial, kemudian enzim yang berasal dari viscera keong mas baik yang segar maupun yang beku, dengan media kultur yang digunakan pada pemeliharaan makro algae antara lain Conwy, PES, dan air laut steril. Tallus rumput laut yang digunakan berasal dari bagian pangkal, tengah dan ujung. Protoplas yang hidup diuji menggunakan evans blue 0,1%, hormon perangsang tumbuh yang digunakan pada media pertumbuhan antara lain auxin, IAA, dan Kinetin. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap jumlah protoplas hidup, pertumbuhan, dan sintasan. Hasil percobaan memperlihatkan bahwa enzim yang paling baik digunakan adalah campuran enzim komersial dengan media kultur Conwy dengan jumlah protoplas mencapai 19,8 x 106 sel/mL, bagian tallus yang paling baik adalah bagian pangkal berkisar antara 8,1x106 hingga 18,8 x 106 sel/ mL. Perangsang tumbuh yang paling baik adalah auxin. Filamen terbentuk setelah 5 hari dengan fotoperiod L:D=12:12.Isolation of seaweed’s protoplast Kappaphycus alvarezii had been done to provide protoplast for crossbreeding purpose by protoplast fusion. The method was chemically done by lyses of tallus used commercial enzyme mixture, enzyme from viscera of snail both fresh and frozen, culture media were Conwy (CW), PES, and sterile sea water (SSW) which were used to maintain the macro algae. Part of used tallus were upper, middle and tip of tallus. The viable protoplast was examined by using 0.1% evans blue and the growth-stimulating hormone were auxin, IAA, and Kinetin. Observation was concerned to the amount of viable protoplast, the growth, and the long live. Result showed that the best enzyme was commercial enzyme mixture with Conwy as the best culture media, provided protoplast until 19.8 x 106 cell/mL. The greatest protoplast content was in upper part of tallus, it could provide protoplast about 8.1 x 106 cell/mL until 18.8 x 106 cell/mL, and the best growth-stimulating hormone was auxin. Filament was formed after 5 days with photoperiod L: D=12:12.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Protoplast"

1

Cheng, Jianping. "Inheritance of protoplast culturability and improvement in pollen development by protoplast manipulation in solanum." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09162005-115010/.

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Brites, Anny Stella Monteiro. "Seleção de linhagens de Saccharomyces cerevisiae potencializadas pelo fator Killer, H2S- e o carater floculante." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11141/tde-19052003-144728/.

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Dentre as características desejáveis em leveduras fermentadoras alcóolicas estão a capacidade de floculação, a não produção de H2S e o caráter "killer". Neste trabalho foram selecionadas sete linhagens de Saccharomyces cerevisiae com algumas destas características, que passaram por testes confirmativos e pela cariotipagem eletroforética resultando na escolha de duas linhagens: ATCC 26602 (altamente floculante) e K1 (H2S - e possuidoras do caráter "killer"). Estas linhagens foram utilizadas em um cruzamento via fusão de protoplasto para se obter um produto de fusão estável com as características de interesse tecnológico. Na seleção das linhagens híbridas com base em caracteres naturais foram isolados 1291 híbridos em meio seletivo e entre essas colônias somente 1,5% foram inicialmente consideradas híbriadas. Após três subcultivos em YEPD líquido, estes produtos de fusão não se mostraram estáveis.
Flocculative and "killer" skills and lack in production of H2S are desirable characteristics of the ethanolic fermentative yeasts. Seven selected strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with some of these characteristics were evaluated for confirmation of these habilities and their genetic characterization was undertaken by eletrophoretic kariotyping. The strain ATCC 26602 had flocculant hability and the strain K1 was H2S - and "killer". The strains were selected for protoplast fusion aiming to obtain a stable fusion strain with these desirable technologyc characteristics. The selection of the hybrid strains were based on natural characters and have shown 1291 hybrids (frequency of 1,5%) in the medium for the isolation of the fusionants (protoplasts). The protoplast stability were monitored by three continuous growth in the YEPD liquid midium and the stable fusion products were not obtained.

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Wilson, J. M. "Protoplast-mediated genetic manipulation of brewing yeasts." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355426.

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Illing, G. T. "Protoplast fusion and regeneration in Streptomyces clavuligerus." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378980.

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Dunn, R. M. "The protoplast mediated genetics of thermophilic bacilli." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380254.

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Mandegaran, Zohreh. "Genetic improvement of roses by protoplast fusion." Thesis, University of East London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339583.

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Seear, Paul James. "Protoplast production and interspecific hybridisation in Lupinus albus." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326751.

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Maren, Nathan Allen. "Symmetric Protoplast Fusion in Interserial Syringa (Oleaceae) Hybridization." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28026.

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Few other woody plants embody the preeminence of temperate woody plants in garden cultivation like the lilacs. In spite of their relationship, the trees lack the diversity of cultivated floral forms observed within the shrub lineages. Typical selection and cross-pollination schemes within the tree lilacs or between trees and shrubs have failed to yield the diversity of colors and fragrances on a tree form. With somatic fusion in Citrus spp. as a guideline for Syringa spp. protoplast isolation and culture, experiments were designed to optimize the conditions through somatic fusion. Protoplast isolation experiments revealed yield increases with increased exposure to cell wall degrading enzymes as well as losses in viability with increased exposure. Electrofusion experiments yielded somatic hybrids, yet further investigation is necessary to optimize the fusion electroporation settings and beyond.

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Attree, S. M. "Properties of Pteridium protoplasts." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378009.

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Thompson, J. A. "Plant regeneration from cell and protoplast cultures of rice." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378368.

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Books on the topic "Protoplast"

1

Wang, Kan, and Feng Zhang, eds. Protoplast Technology. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2164-6.

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Puite, K. J., J. J. M. Dons, H. J. Huizing, A. J. Kool, M. Koornneef, and F. A. Krens, eds. Progress in Plant Protoplast Research. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2788-9.

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International, Protoplast Symposium (7th 1987 Wageningen Netherlands). Progress in plant protoplast research: Proceedings of the 7th International Protoplast Symposium, Wageningen, the Netherlands, December 6-11, 1987. Dordrecht [Netherlands]: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988.

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Mandegaran, Zohreh. Genetic improvement of roses by protoplast fusion. London: University of East London, 1996.

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Ghadimzadeh, Mortaza. Studies of protoplast and liposome techniques in plant tissue culture. Salford: University of Salford, 1990.

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Bhat, Shripad. Tissue and protoplast culture of beet (Beta vulgaris L.) aimed at plant improvement. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1986.

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Clugston, Denise B. Embryo culture and protoplast fusion for the introduction of Mexican wild species germplasm into the cultivated potato. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1988.

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8

Bengochea, Teresa, and John H. Dodds. Plant Protoplasts. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4095-6.

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9

I͡Akovenko, K. N. Protoplasty mikroorganizmov. Minsk: "Nauka i tekhnika", 1985.

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10

C, Fowke L., and Constabel F, eds. Plant protoplasts. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Protoplast"

1

Amils, Ricardo. "Protoplast." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1377. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11274-4_1302.

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Amils, Ricardo. "Protoplast." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 2075–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_1302.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Protoplast." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 918. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_14601.

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Amils, Ricardo. "Protoplast." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_1302-2.

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Neumann, Karl-Hermann, Ashwani Kumar, and Jafargholi Imani. "Protoplast Cultures." In Plant Cell and Tissue Culture – A Tool in Biotechnology, 71–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49098-0_5.

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Griesbach, R. J., and R. H. Lawson. "Protoplast Evacuolation." In Proceedings in Life Sciences, 99–104. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70144-3_12.

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Bengochea, Teresa, and John H. Dodds. "Protoplast fusion." In Plant Protoplasts, 44–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4095-6_4.

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Neumann, Karl-Hermann, Jafargholi Imani, and Ashwani Kumar. "Protoplast Cultures." In Plant Cell and Tissue Culture - A Tool in Biotechnology, 51–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-93883-5_5.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Protoplast Fusion." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 918. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_14602.

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Bornman, C. H., and J. F. Bornman. "Plant Protoplast Viability." In Proceedings in Life Sciences, 29–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70144-3_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Protoplast"

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Luo, Jianmei, Jianshu Li, Yanting Wang, Shenheng Luo, and Min Wang. "Protoplast Formation and Regeneration Conditions of Streptomyces gilvosporeus." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5163260.

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Yuwei, Dong, Miao Jingzhi, Tang Shirong, Chen Shanglong, and Wu Yonghua. "Chemical Mutagenesis Breeding of Protoplast of Ammonia-oxidizing Bacteria." In 2015 AASRI International Conference on Circuits and Systems (CAS 2015). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/cas-15.2015.22.

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Nguyen, Thi Thu Tram. "Isolating protoplast and establishing a gene functional analysis system using protoplast transient assay in a gymsperm tree, Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora)." In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA: ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1052636.

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"Research on Callus Promotion and Protoplast Separate of Lavender Angustifolia." In 2018 3rd International Conference on Materials Science, Machinery and Energy Engineering. Clausius Scientific Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23977/msmee.2018.72160.

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Kantawang, Titirat, Sompid Samipak, Jumras Limtrakul, and Nattaporn Chattham. "Application of optical tweezers and excimer laser to study protoplast fusion." In International Conference on Photonics Solutions 2015, edited by Surasak Chiangga and Sarun Sumriddetchkajorn. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2195700.

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Irene, Liza Isaac, Farah Diba Abu Bakar, Abu Seman Idris, and Abdul Munir Abdul Murad. "Isolation and regeneration protoplast of an oil palm pathogen, Ganoderma boninense." In THE 2015 UKM FST POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM: Proceedings of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology 2015 Postgraduate Colloquium. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4931224.

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"AUTOMATED CELL CHARACTERIZATION PLATFORM: APPLICATION TO YEAST PROTOPLAST STUDY BY ELECTROROTATION." In International Conference on Biomedical Electronics and Devices. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0001053401900193.

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Londenberg, Anke, Frederik-Matti Bartels, Joseph Kpakpo Quaye, Jens Boch, Tammo Ripken, and Dag Heinemann. "Targeted genome editing in potato protoplast via optical delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoproteins." In Nanophotonics VIII, edited by David L. Andrews, Jean-Michel Nunzi, Martti Kauranen, and Angus J. Bain. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2555288.

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Sang, Wen-Jiao, Bei-Ping Zhang, Zhen Liu, Lei Wang, Chun-Hua Zhu, and Lan Gao. "Experimental Study on Improving Nitrogen Removal Efficiency of Denitrify Bacteria by Protoplast Fusion." In 2008 2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2008.394.

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Guo, Xuewu, Ruisheng Wang, Yin Wang, Yefu Chen, Liping Du, Cuiying Zhang, and Dongguang Xiao. "Notice of Retraction: Optimization the Protoplast Formation and Regeneration Conditions of Kluyveromyces marxianus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae." In 2011 5th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2011.5780267.

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Reports on the topic "Protoplast"

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Harman, Gary, and Ilan Chet. Enhancement of Efficacy of Trichoderma spp. for Biological Control Using Protoplast Fusion. United States Department of Agriculture, November 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1990.7599664.bard.

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Lapidot, Moshe, Linda Hanley-Bowdoin, Jane E. Polston, and Moshe Reuveni. Geminivirus-resistant Tomato Plants: Combining Transgenic and Conventional Strategies for Multi-viral Resistance. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592639.bard.

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Begomoviruses, which constitute one genus of the Geminiviridae family, are single-stranded DNA viruses that infect many dicotyledonous crops important to large agricultural industries as well as to subsistence growers. Although all begomoviruses are transmitted by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci), they have proven difficult to manage even with heavy insecticide applications. The begomovirus, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), has been a problem in tomato production in Israel since the 1950s and in the United States since 1997. Approximately 89 begomoviruses have now been reported to infect tomato. Crop losses due to begomoviruses such as TYLCV and Tomato mottle virus (ToMoV), are limiting factors in tomato cultivation in Israel, the U.S., and many tomato-growing regions throughout the world. To overcome these limitations, we proposed a two-step strategy that combines transgenic and conventional resistance in order to develop tomato plants that are resistant to multiple begomoviruses. In the first step, we have developed transgenic tomato plants expressing trans-dominant interfering mutants Rep and C3 from TYLCV and ToMoV, and tested whether these plants are resistant to infection by these two viruses. In the second step we have tested whether pyramiding transgenic and conventional resistance is superior to either strategy alone. The specific objectives of the proposal were: 1. Design and test trans-dominant interfering constructs for TYLCV and ToMoV Rep and C3 in transient replication interference assays. 2. Generate and test transgenic tomato plants expressing mutant Rep and C3 in resistance assays. 3. Generate and test conventional resistant lines that also express mutant Rep and C3. Two viral replication interfering constructs, expressing the trans-dominant interfering mutants Rep and C3, were designed and constructed during this project. One construct, pNSB1630 was based on TYLCV sequences and the other, pNSB1682, based on ToMoV sequences. The TYLCV transformation construct was tested in a protoplasts replication assay, and was found to inhibit TYLCV replication. The ToMoV transformation construct is yet to be tested in a protoplast assay. Both transformation vectors, pNSB1630 and pNSB1682, were used to transform four different tomato lines, and generate transgenic plants. The tomato lines used for transformation were: FL7613, MM, TY172, TY199. FL7613 and MM are susceptible to both TYLCV and ToMoV. TY172 and TY199 are breeding lines developed at Volcani Center. TY172 is resistant to TYLCV but susceptible to ToMoV, while TY199 is resistant to both TYLCV and ToMoV. When transgenic T1 plants expressing the pNSB1630 constructed were screened for TYLCV resistance, it was found that these plants showed very low level of TYLCV resistance, if any. However, some of these lines showed high level of resistance to ToMoV. Only five transgenic T1 lines expressing the pNSB1682 construct were tested (so far) for resistance to ToMoV. It was found that all five lines express very high level of resistance to ToMoV. Although we haven’t finished (yet) the screen of all the transgenic lines, it is already clear that we were able to successfully combine genetic resistance for TYLCV with transgenic resistance to ToMoV.

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Steponkus, P. L. Effects of freezing and cold acclimation on the plasma membrane of isolated protoplasts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7302592.

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Steponkus, P. L. Effects of freezing and cold acclimation on the plasma membrane of isolated protoplasts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6551768.

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Steponkus, P. Effects of freezing and cold acclimation on the plasma membrane of isolated protoplasts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7190629.

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Bar-Joseph, Moshe, William O. Dawson, and Munir Mawassi. Role of Defective RNAs in Citrus Tristeza Virus Diseases. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575279.bard.

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This program focused on citrus tristeza virus (CTV), the largest and one of the most complex RNA-plant-viruses. The economic importance of this virus to the US and Israeli citrus industries, its uniqueness among RNA viruses and the possibility to tame the virus and eventually turn it into a useful tool for the protection and genetic improvement of citrus trees justify these continued efforts. Although the overall goal of this project was to study the role(s) of CTV associated defective (d)-RNAs in CTV-induced diseases, considerable research efforts had to be devoted to the engineering of the helper virus which provides the machinery to allow dRNA replication. Considerable progress was made through three main lines of complementary studies. For the first time, the generation of an engineered CTV genetic system that is capable of infecting citrus plants with in vitro modified virus was achieved. Considering that this RNA virus consists of a 20 kb genome, much larger than any other previously developed similar genetic system, completing this goal was an extremely difficult task that was accomplished by the effective collaboration and complementarity of both partners. Other full-length genomic CTV isolates were sequenced and populations examined, resulting in a new level of understanding of population complexities and dynamics in the US and Israel. In addition, this project has now considerably advanced our understanding and ability to manipulate dRNAs, a new class of genetic elements of closteroviruses, which were first found in the Israeli VT isolate and later shown to be omnipresent in CTV populations. We have characterized additional natural dRNAs and have shown that production of subgenomic mRNAs can be involved in the generation of dRNAs. We have molecularly cloned natural dRNAs and directly inoculated citrus plants with 35S-cDNA constructs and have shown that specific dRNAs are correlated with specific disease symptoms. Systems to examine dRNA replication in protoplasts were developed and the requirements for dRNA replication were defined. Several artificial dRNAs that replicate efficiently with a helper virus were created from infectious full-genomic cDNAs. Elements that allow the specific replication of dRNAs by heterologous helper viruses also were defined. The T36-derived dRNAs were replicated efficiently by a range of different wild CTV isolates and hybrid dRNAs with heterologous termini are efficiently replicated with T36 as helper. In addition we found: 1) All CTV genes except of the p6 gene product from the conserved signature block of the Closteroviridae are obligate for assembly, infectivity, and serial protoplast passage; 2) The p20 protein is a major component of the amorphous inclusion bodies of infected cells; and 3) Novel 5'-Co-terminal RNAs in CTV infected cells were characterized. These results have considerably advanced our basic understanding of the molecular biology of CTV and CTV-dRNAs and form the platform for the future manipulation of this complicated virus. As a result of these developments, the way is now open to turn constructs of this viral plant pathogen into new tools for protecting citrus against severe CTV terms and development of virus-based expression vectors for other citrus improvement needs. In conclusion, this research program has accomplished two main interconnected missions, the collection of basic information on the molecular and biological characteristics of the virus and its associated dRNAs toward development of management strategies against severe diseases caused by the virus and building of novel research tools to improve citrus varieties. Reaching these goals will allow us to advance this project to a new phase of turning the virus from a pathogen to an ally.

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Brown Horowitz, Sigal, Eric L. Davis, and Axel Elling. Dissecting interactions between root-knot nematode effectors and lipid signaling involved in plant defense. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598167.bard.

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Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogynespp., are extremely destructive pathogens with a cosmopolitan distribution and a host range that affects most crops. Safety and environmental concerns related to the toxicity of nematicides along with a lack of natural resistance sources threaten most crops in Israel and the U.S. This emphasizes the need to identify genes and signal mechanisms that could provide novel nematode control tactics and resistance breeding targets. The sedentary root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogynespp. secrete effectors in a spatial and temporal manner to interfere with and mimic multiple physiological and morphological mechanisms, leading to modifications and reprogramming of the host cells' functions, resulted in construction and maintenance of nematodes' feeding sites. For successful parasitism, many effectors act as immunomodulators, aimed to manipulate and suppress immune defense signaling triggered upon nematode invasion. Plant development and defense rely mainly on hormone regulation. Herein, a metabolomic profiling of oxylipins and hormones composition of tomato roots were performed using LC-MS/MS, indicating a fluctuation in oxylipins profile in a compatible interaction. Moreover, further attention was given to uncover the implication of WRKYs transcription factors in regulating nematode development. In addition, in order to identify genes that might interact with the lipidomic defense pathway induced by oxylipins, a RNAseq was performed by exposing M. javanicasecond-stage juveniles to tomato protoplast, 9-HOT and 13-KOD oxylipins. This transcriptome generated a total of 4682 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Being interested in effectors, we seek for DEGs carrying a predicted secretion signal peptide. Among the DEGs including signal peptide, several had homology with known effectors in other nematode species, other unknown potentially secreted proteins may have a role as root-knot nematodes' effectors which might interact with lipid signaling. The molecular interaction of LOX proteins with the Cyst nematode effectors illustrate the nematode strategy in manipulating plant lipid signals. The function of several other effectors in manipulating plant defense signals, as well as lipids signals, weakening cell walls, attenuating feeding site function and development are still being studied in depth for several novel effectors. As direct outcome of this project, the accumulating findings will be utilized to improve our understanding of the mechanisms governing critical life-cycle phases of the parasitic M. incognita RKN, thereby facilitating design of effective controls based on perturbation of nematode behavior—without producing harmful side effects. The knowledge from this study will promote genome editing strategies aimed at developing nematode resistance in tomato and other nematode-susceptible crop species in Israel and the United States.

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Steponkus, P. L. Effects of freezing and cold acclimation on the plasma membrane of isolated protoplasts. Progress report, May 16, 1992--January 9, 1993. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10148698.

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Steponkus, P. L. Effects of freezing and cold acclimation on the plasma membrane of isolated protoplasts. [Annual report], May 16, 1993--January 29, 1994. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10154320.

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Author, Not Given. (Effects of freezing and cold acclimation on the plasma membrane of isolated protoplasts): Progress report, 16 May 1988--9 January 1989. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6171109.

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