Relevant bibliographies by topics / Prototypical concepts

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Prototypical concepts'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Prototypical concepts"

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Smith, Edward E. "Rule and similarity as prototype concepts." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28, no. 1 (February 2005): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x05440017.

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There is a continuum between prototypical cases of rule use and prototypical cases of similarity use. A prototypical rule: (1) is explicitly represented, (2) can be verbalized, and (3) requires that the user selectively attend to a few features of the object, while ignoring the others. Prototypical similarity-use requires that: (1) the user should match the object to a mental representation holistically, and (2) there should be no selective attention or inhibition. Neural evidence supports prototypical rule-use. Most models of categorization fall between the two prototypes.
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Lesmo, Leonardo, and Pietro Torasso. "Prototypical knowledge for interpreting fuzzy concepts and quantifiers." Fuzzy Sets and Systems 23, no. 3 (September 1987): 361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-0114(87)90048-0.

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Spetea, Mariana, and Helmut Schmidhammer. "Opioids and Their Receptors: Present and Emerging Concepts in Opioid Drug Discovery." Molecules 25, no. 23 (December 1, 2020): 5658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235658.

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Kövecses, Zoltán. "Surprise as a conceptual category." Expressing and Describing Surprise 13, no. 2 (December 30, 2015): 270–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.13.2.01kov.

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In this paper, I examine the concept of surprise from a cognitive linguistic perspective. As previous studies indicate, surprise is a not-quite-prototypical emotion category. My focus will be on the structure and content of surprise as an emotion category, as this can be revealed on the basis of the language speakers of English use to talk about it. As regards methodology, I will follow my earlier work and employ a “lexical approach” to emotion concepts (see, e.g., Kövecses, 1986, 1990, 2000) to explore the language-based folk model of surprise in English. I will investigate the conceptual metaphors and metonymies associated with surprise and will propose a cognitive model for the emotion. It is hoped that this methodology enables us to see why surprise is not a prototypical emotion concept on a par with, for example, anger or fear.
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BRANDES, ULRIK, and JAN HILDENBRAND. "Smallest graphs with distinct singleton centers." Network Science 2, no. 3 (November 20, 2014): 416–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nws.2014.25.

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An incredible number of centrality indices has been proposed to date (Todeschini & Consonni, 2009). Four of them, however, can be considered prototypical because they operationalize distinct concepts of centrality and together cover the bulk of analyses and empirical uses: degree, closeness, betweenness, and eigenvector centrality.
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Al-Ajaleen, Mohammad, and Rajai Al-Khanji. "Prototype Semantic Analysis of Abstract and Concrete Concepts Among Jordanian and American Students." International Journal of Linguistics 12, no. 2 (March 18, 2020): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v12i2.16468.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the extent to which culture may play a role in constructing the prototypical structure of every daily life concepts. Two concepts were investigated in this study: an abstract concept (freedom) and a concrete concept (drinks). The sample of the study comprised two distinct cultures, Jordanians and Americans, who are undergraduate students. To come up with the findings, the researchers carried out two experiments. The first experiment aimed at examining the impact of culture on generating semantic features and examples of the target concepts. The second one investigated the effect of culture on rating the prototypicality of the generated features and examples. To answer the first research question, the researcher calculated the frequency and the percentage of each response. The researcher used the SPSS to answer the second research question. The researcher used the t-test for independent samples (Jordanians and Americans) to calculate the means and the standard deviations in order to examine any possible significant differences that may result from cultural difference. Briefly, the findings showed that culture affected, to a considerable extent, the processes of generating and prototypicality rating of the examples and features of the target concepts.
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TAMMA, VALENTINA, and TREVOR BENCH-CAPON. "An ontology model to facilitate knowledge-sharing in multi-agent systems." Knowledge Engineering Review 17, no. 1 (March 2002): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269888902000371.

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This article presents and motivates an extended ontology knowledge model which represents explicitly semantic information about concepts. This knowledge model results from enriching the standard conceptual model with semantic information which precisely characterises the concept's properties and expected ambiguities, including which properties are prototypical of a concept and which are exceptional, the behaviour of properties over time and the degree of applicability of properties to subconcepts. This enriched conceptual model permits a precise characterisation of what is represented by class membership mechanisms and helps knowledge engineers to determine, in a straightforward manner, the meta-properties holding for a concept. Meta-properties are recognised to be the main tool for a formal ontological analysis that allows us to build ontologies with a clean and untangled taxonomic structure.This enriched semantics can prove useful to describe what is known by agents in a multi-agent system, and might facilitate the use of reasoning mechanisms on the knowledge that instantiates an ontology. These mechanisms can be used to solve ambiguities that can arise when agents with heterogeneous ontologies have to interoperate in order to perform a task.
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Latu, Maksim, and Olga Gukosyants. "Prototypical Models of the Terms Interaction in the Terminological Network." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 1 (April 2019): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2019.1.8.

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The research is devoted to the current cross-disciplinary problem of the knowledge organization for information search intellectualization and knowledge extraction acceleration by means of the specialized software - the expert system. The paper shows that an effective form of knowledge organization in the expert system is the terminological network of subject domain; the network can be structured on the basis of prototypical semantic models of terms interaction which reflect the relations of the concepts designated by terms. The authors reconstruct the fragment of the terminological network of nanotechnologies with the top-term nanoliquid and present it in the article. While analyzing definitions of the terms included into the network and the fragments of scientific publications with terminological units of the analyzed subject domain, the authors define the following semantic categories: Material, Substance, Natural object, Tool, Characteristic, Process. The paper reveals the prototypical models of the terms interaction reflecting the systemic relations between the term "nanoliquid" and its adjacent terms: generic, partitive, attributive, the relations between targeted object and result, between material and process. The article shows that the term "nanoliquid" is introduced in hierarchical classification of the nanostructured materials and has various semantic relations both with terms of one category and with terms of all other semantic categories.
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Floyd, Rick. "Experience, certainty and control, and the direct evidential in Wanka Quechua questions." Functions of Language 3, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 69–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.3.1.04flo.

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Evidentiality is traditionally discussed in terms of information source and its relation to the degree of commitment a speaker has with respect to a proposition. Furthermore, it is a notion that is usually thought to apply principally to assertions. A consideration of the full range of uses of the Wanka Quechua direct evidential shows that while these concepts are generally sufficient for the description of prototypical usage, understanding other uses requires explanation along different lines. Certain non-prototypical uses exemplify a type of subjectification, a process of semantic change that has been observed cross-linguistically (cf. Traugott 1989, Langacker 1990). The use of the direct evidential as a grammaticalized marker of content (WH) questions is particularly anomalous from a traditional perspective. However, it can be shown to be a well-motivated extension from other uses within the semantic network.
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McDonald, Janet L. "Cognitive Development and the Structuring of Geometric Content." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 20, no. 1 (January 1989): 76–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.20.1.0076.

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From a pool of secondary students (n = 161), 20 students were chosen who had high (formal operations) scores and 20 who had low (concrete operations) scores on two paper-and-pencil measures of Piagetian formal reasoning (the Test of Logical Thinking and the Longeot Test). The students made similarity judgments among all possible concept pairs from 13 geometric concepts and 10 mathematical expressions from a unit on ratio, proportion, and similarity. Multidimensional scaling procedures showed that despite idiosyncrasies in individual structures, clear prototypical maps could be derived for both the formal and concrete groups. In addition, formal operational students structured subject matter content significantly more like subject matter experts than concrete operational students did.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Prototypical concepts"

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Bergström, Fredrik. "Hur människors begrepp om urbana platser relaterar till bedömning av platsernas estetik och mikroklimat." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2322.

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The objective of this study was to uncover what aspects of urban plazas and parks that are most important for users’ evaluations of places’ aesthetics and microclimate (the characteristic climate for a limited space). This was done by investigating people’s general ideas of plazas and parks (the prototypical concepts) and compare these with place users’ descriptions of four specific places. Interviews with two groups (31 and 24 persons respectively) were carried out in order to collect this information. Aspects commonly mentioned in the descriptions, but not included in the prototype, were considered salient and schema-irrelevant (perceived as outstanding but not needed as a defining attribute of the place). This part of the result was related to evaluations of aesthetics and microclimate of the specific places, as well as to subjects’ explanations of some of these evaluations. Evaluations were collected in 716 questionnaires and 1115 on-site interviews, and the explanations in the 24 persons interview concerning specific places. The results indicate that for urban places to be emotionally appreciated they have to manifest some kind of effect of contrast, i.e. they have to embrace some salient schema-irrelevant aspect outstanding enough to work as a centre of the total experience of the place. Furthermore, the results indicate that a separation between emotional and practical aspects of place experiences is needed. In view of that, for urban places to be practically useful, they have to have a prototypical character. For a plaza to be prototypical, it has to be experienced as an enclosed and mainly hard-grounded open square, with good opportunities for commerce and social life. A park has to be green and be able to house a range of activities such as relaxing, picnics and walking.

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Böttger, Sören. "Development and Prototypical Implementation of a Universal Concept for a Trailer Rear View Camera." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-383.

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Manoeuvring a vehicle with additionally attached trailers is a tedious task. Albeit driver assistance systems support the driver in nearly any situation in these days, tools facilitating the manoeuvring process of extended vehicles can only rarely be found in research and especially in the market. This thesis deals with the prototypical implementation of a rear view camera parking assistance system. In particular, the visualisation of the predicted driving path of the tractor-trailer combination in the camera image is emphasised, following the representation of existing parking assistance systems for individual vehicles. A general approach is aiming at the portability of the system to nearly any kind of trailer. The superimposed guidelines are based on a state space model, which is derived on top of assumptions agreeing with results found in the literature. Due to the strong assumptions and simplifications, the model is tested in three different ways and moreover for different types of trailers. All underlying methods are described in detail and furthermore tested in several scenarios, if necessary. Special importance is attached to the comparison of the actual driven paths with their previous predictions, for which a new method has been derived, implemented and tested successfully. Beside the implementation of the guideline projection to the camera’s image, the human-machine interface is augmented by a Bird’s Eye view animation, too. A final test of the integrated system for different types of trailers shows the proper operation of the overall system during parking situations.
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Books on the topic "Prototypical concepts"

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Núñez, Rafael, and Tyler Marghetis. Cognitive Linguistics and the Concept(s) of Number. Edited by Roi Cohen Kadosh and Ann Dowker. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642342.013.023.

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What is a ‘number,’ as studied within numerical cognition? The term is highly polysemous, and can refer to numerals, numerosity, and a diverse collection of mathematical objects, from natural numbers to infinitesimals. However, numerical cognition has focused primarily on prototypical counting numbers (PCNs) – numbers used regularly to count small collections of objects. Even these simple numbers are far more complex than apparent pre-conditions for numerical abilities like subitizing and approximate discrimination of large numerosity, which we share with other animals. We argue that the leap to number concepts proper relies, in part, on two embodied, domain-general cognitive mechanisms: conceptual metaphor and fictive motion. These mechanisms were first investigated within cognitive linguistics, a subdiscipline of cognitive science, but are now thought to subserve cognition more generally. We review the proposal that these mechanisms structure numerical cognition – including PCNs, but also the positive integers and arithmetic – and survey the supporting empirical evidence.
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Miksza, Peter, and Kenneth Elpus. Design and Analysis of Experimental Research II. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199391905.003.0009.

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This chapter introduces the reader to more possibilities for thinking about causal questions and for laying the foundational concepts necessary for conducting data analyses that correspond to more complex experimental designs. The discussion of experimental design types presented in chapter 8 is expanded to include within-subjects designs, factorial designs, mixed designs, and designs for multivariate outcomes. Prototypical examples of each design type are presented along with the typical analysis tools used for testing the associated experimental hypotheses. Hypothetical examples of research designs that are suitable for illustrating analyses with repeated-measures ANOVA, factorial or multiway ANOVA, and MANOVA (multivariate analysis of variance).
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Patisaul, Heather B., and Scott M. Belcher. Endocrine Disruptors, Brain, and Behavior. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199935734.001.0001.

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Hormones play a foundational role in the sex-specific organization of the brain and, consequently, the complex behaviors they coordinate. Our world and bodies are becoming increasingly polluted with chemicals capable of interfering with hormone action and thus, possibly, our neural and mental health. If and how these endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) affect the development and function of the brain, and may be contributing to neural disorders that are rapidly rising in prevalence, are the central concerns of this book. This work also examines why even the concept of endocrine disruption is controversial in some circles; how differing definitions of endocrine disruption and “adverse” outcomes shape public policy; and where the current capacity to evaluate chemicals for safety in a regulatory context begins and ends. Fundamental concepts of the EDC hypothesis, including critical windows of exposure and sexually dimorphic effects, are explained. A historical perspective on how the endocrine disruption hypothesis emerged and a summary of how and to what degree prototypical EDCs affect human brain health are provided as a prelude to a critical evaluation of the evidence linking EDC exposures to human neurobehavioral disorders. The book concludes with suggestions for future research needs and a summary of emerging technology that might prove more capable of effectively evaluating existing and new chemicals for endocrine-disrupting properties. The impossibility of disentangling the “science” of EDC action on the brain and behavior from its public health policy implications and economic influence is comprehensively addressed throughout.
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Miksza, Peter, and Kenneth Elpus. Design and Analysis for Quantitative Research in Music Education. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199391905.001.0001.

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This book is an introduction to quantitative research design and data analysis presented in the context of music education scholarship. The book aims for readers to come away with a familiarity of prototypical research design possibilities as well as a fundamental understanding of data analysis techniques necessary for carrying out scientific inquiry. The book includes examples that demonstrate how the methodological and statistical concepts presented throughout can be applied to pertinent issues in music education. For the majority of Part I, the strategy is to present traditional design categories side by side with explanations of general analytical approaches for dealing with data yielded from each respective design type. Part II consists of chapters devoted to methodological and analytical approaches that have become common in related fields (e.g., psychology, sociology, general education research, educational policy) but are as yet not frequently exploited by music education researchers. Ultimately, this work is motivated by a desire to help scholars acquire the means to actualize their research curiosities and to contribute to the advancement of rigor in music education research throughout the profession at large.
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Lutsky, Neil. Teaching Psychology’s Endings. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195378214.003.0020.

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In this chapter argues that there is a generalized psychology of endings that provides insights and guides for pedagogical endings. Generalizing the concept of endings further implies that a prototypic teaching topic—the construction of courses—can be applied to other pedagogical challenges, such as crafting individual class sessions or structuring an entire psychology curriculum. The chapter also addresses teaching as the responsible conveyance of purpose and meaning.
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Book chapters on the topic "Prototypical concepts"

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Biehl, Michael. "The Statistical Physics of Learning Revisited: Typical Learning Curves in Model Scenarios." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 128–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82427-3_10.

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AbstractThe exchange of ideas between computer science and statistical physics has advanced the understanding of machine learning and inference significantly. This interdisciplinary approach is currently regaining momentum due to the revived interest in neural networks and deep learning. Methods borrowed from statistical mechanics complement other approaches to the theory of computational and statistical learning. In this brief review, we outline and illustrate some of the basic concepts. We exemplify the role of the statistical physics approach in terms of a particularly important contribution: the computation of typical learning curves in student teacher scenarios of supervised learning. Two, by now classical examples from the literature illustrate the approach: the learning of a linearly separable rule by a perceptron with continuous and with discrete weights, respectively. We address these prototypical problems in terms of the simplifying limit of stochastic training at high formal temperature and obtain the corresponding learning curves.
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Fischer-Hellmann, Klaus-Peter. "Proof of Concept by Prototypical Implementation." In Information Flow Based Security Control Beyond RBAC, 93–112. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8348-2618-3_7.

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Manzini, Muzi, and Duncan Mhakure. "Implications of Using Mathematical Modelling as a Pedagogical Tool on the Mathematical Concepts of Proportions and Proportional Reasoning in a Non-prototypical Secondary Mathematics Classroom." In International Perspectives on the Teaching and Learning of Mathematical Modelling, 401–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66996-6_33.

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Smith, Tyler. "Characterization in John 4 and the Prototypical Type-Scene as a Generic Concept." In The Gospel of John as Genre Mosaic, 233–48. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783666536199.233.

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Xing, Wei, Holger Karl, Adam Wolisz, and Harald Müller. "M-SCTP: Design and Prototypical Implementation of an SCTP-Based, End-to-End Mobility Concept for IP Networks." In The Internet Challenge: Technology and Applications, 139–47. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0494-7_16.

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Paletta, Lucas. "Attention Analysis for Assistance in Assembly Processes." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 310–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72632-4_23.

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AbstractHuman attention processes play a major role in the optimization of human-machine interaction (HMI) systems. This work describes a suite of innovative components within a novel framework in order to assess the human factors state of the human operator primarily by gaze and in real-time. The objective is to derive parameters that determine information about situation awareness of the human collaborator that represents a central concept in the evaluation of interaction strategies in collaboration. The human control of attention provides measures of executive functions that enable to characterize key features in the domain of human-machine collaboration. This work presents a suite of human factors analysis components (the Human Factors Toolbox) and its application in the assembly processes of a future production line. Comprehensive experiments on HMI are described which were conducted with typical tasks including collaborative pick-and-place in a lab based prototypical manufacturing environment.
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Amichba, Dimona. "MENTAL CONSTRUCT “MEANDER” AS A UNIVERSAL PROTOTYPICAL SYMBOL IN LANGUAGE AND CULTURE." In Factors of cross- and intercultural communication in the higher educational process of Ukraine. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-051-3-2.

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In this article, the mental construct "meander" is described from the standpoint of cognitive science and the theory of sign systems, it is considered as a universal prototypical symbol in language and culture. "Meander" is qualified as a deep sign, the mental fields of which are actualized by universal metaphorically structured images. Being an ambivalent "universal" Word, the "meander" in its deep structuring is objectified by mental fields of both positive and negative connotations. Based on the well-known position of Yu. S. Stepanov, according to which language as a construct and it consists of a core, social and mental shells, we were able to not only analyze and describe, but also to show the deep nature and potential capabilities of the prototypical symbol of the "meander". No less important for this work is the thesis that language is "a system capable of generating an infinite number of texts". "Meander" is characterized by a complex system of symbols, in which each element carries deep meanings and senses. Understanding the complexity of the prototypical symbol system, it should be noted that the study of such a scientific object as a "meander" should not be limited only from the position of linguistic disciplines. At the same time, "Meander" is attributed to both a stereotype and a prototypical symbol, since both concepts are associated with the content side of language and culture, that is, they are understood as mental constructs that correlate with the picture of the world. The purpose of this article is to describe the multi-component mental construct "meander" from the point of view of its deep structuring. “Meander” as a “stereotype” and a prototypical symbol incorporates the meanings of language and culture, and therefore is understood as a mental construct that adequately reflects the linguistic image of the world. "Stereotypes" and "prototypical symbols", to which we also refer the mental construct "meander", are transmitted by cognitive mechanisms, and, accordingly, are verbalized by one or another sense and meaning. Since the "meander" is a deep abstract prototypical symbol, it is able not only to combine many similar forms of the same object, but also to structure abstract connotative images that are categorized at a deep level. And in this sense, "Meander" is considered by us both as a prototypical symbol, and as a stereotype, and as a pattern, since it is structured according to a model that is often repeated. The results of the analysis showed that the universal, "common human" symbol "meander" is a deeply structured mental construction objectified by meanings and meanings in languages and cultures.
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"Insider/Outsider: Border Crossing, Liminality, and Disrupting Concepts of Teacher Identities through a Prototypical Lens." In The Negotiated Self, 213–24. Brill | Sense, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004388901_018.

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Pein, Raoul Pascal, Joan Lu, and Wolfgang Renz. "Methods Employed." In Advances in Data Mining and Database Management, 301–20. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1975-3.ch022.

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This chapter points out certain technologies that are often applied in a CBIR system. A prototypical retrieval system has been developed in order to evaluate the research hypothesis. Following common principles of information hiding, the software is designed to have multiple layers of abstraction. The top layer needs to be user friendly and also has the task to translate human understandable concepts into machine readable commands. As every user has a different level of expertise, the interface complexity should be adapted accordingly.
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Netzer, Falko P., and Claudine Noguera. "Two-dimensional oxides." In Oxide Thin Films and Nanostructures, 127–65. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834618.003.0005.

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The novel physical and chemical properties and functionalities of two-dimensional (2-D) oxide materials are assessed. The synthesis of one unit-cell thick 2-D oxides poses particular challenges, since in contrast to other 2-D materials, which can be fabricated by exfoliation of layered bulk compounds, the majority of oxides do not occur in layered bulk structures. Most 2-D oxides are therefore prepared by thin-film deposition methods on substrates. However the fabrication of free-standing quasi-2-D oxide nanosheets, with less restrictive several monolayer thickness, has been successfully achieved by wet chemical procedures. New geometry concepts and electronic properties are observed in 2-D oxides, due to quantum confinement and interface proximity effects. Atomic geometries, electronic structure, ferroic properties and catalytic behaviour of 2-D oxides are discussed, together with promising prototypical proof-of-concept experiments for prospective applications. The edge states in oxide nanoribbons, 2-D objects of limited width, and their polarity aspects are discussed.
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Conference papers on the topic "Prototypical concepts"

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Muller, Ch, D. Deleruyelle, O. Ginez, J.-M. Portal, and M. Bocquet. "Design challenges for prototypical and emerging memory concepts relying on resistance switching." In 2011 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference - CICC 2011. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cicc.2011.6055316.

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Kampker, Achim, Patrick Treichel, Kai D. Kreiskother, Maximilian Krebs, and Max Kleine Buning. "Ex-Ante Process-FMEA for Hairpin Stator Production by Early Prototypical Production Concepts." In 2018 8th International Electric Drives Production Conference (EDPC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/edpc.2018.8658288.

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Krötzsch, Markus, Maximilian Marx, Ana Ozaki, and Veronika Thost. "Attributed Description Logics: Reasoning on Knowledge Graphs." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/743.

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In modelling real-world knowledge, there often arises a need to represent and reason with meta-knowledge. To equip description logics (DLs) for dealing with such ontologies, we enrich DL concepts and roles with finite sets of attribute–value pairs, called annotations, and allow concept inclusions to express constraints on annotations. We investigate a range of DLs starting from the lightweight description logic EL, covering the prototypical ALCH, and extending to the very expressive SROIQ, the DL underlying OWL 2 DL.
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Renken, Hendrik, Sascha Brandt, Felix A. Eichert, and Alexander Klaas. "Visualization and Collaborative Editing of Simulation Models With Heterogeneous Clients: Implemented Into the Simulator D3FACT." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71370.

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Today’s simulation software normally has fixed, built-in editing and visualization views adapted to a specific problem domain. Often this monolithic concept prevents collaborative editing altogether. Even with more flexible concepts, editing simulation models with a heterogeneous set of clients is not possible. In this article we describe a flexible concept for collaborative editing of simulation models with heterogeneous clients, such as web-based, desktop and mobile clients. The clients may even show different editing views adapted to the user’s role. The concept we describe in this paper overcomes several problems: First we need to be able to connect and manage a set of heterogeneous clients in the simulation software. The very different user inputs from the connected clients then need to be processed, interpreted and combined to allow editing in a collaborative way for all users. At last we show a prototypical integration of the presented concept into our research platform d3fact.
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Bart-Smith, Hilary, and Philip E. Risseeuw. "High Authority Morphing Structures." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43377.

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Recent advances in actuation technology and multifunctional materials have presented a unique opportunity to develop structures that have the ability to morph to a variety of shapes while under significant load constraints. One of the many applications of these “high-authority” systems is for morphing air wings for control and drag reduction. The exciting solution to this is the creation of a statically determinate structure that incorporates linear actuators to produce morphing capabilities. Statically determinate structures satisfy Maxwell’s necessary condition that the number of member forces equal the number of joint equilibrium equations. By imposing this condition on the structure it is possible to actively change the shape of the overall structure without resulting in failure. In a morphing foil, the only induced strain within passive members will be due to the hydrodynamic forces present. Deformation of the truss members is stretch-dominated—they do not experience bending—and thus improve the load carrying capacity of the structure. Of primary interest are Shape Memory Alloy (SMAs) actuators. SMAs are useful for shape morphing concepts where large forces are needed. A prototypical foil has been built around a statically determinate structure that incorporates linear actuators to produce morphing capabilities. These “smart” foils have been tested in a wind tunnel to examine their drag reduction capabilities.
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Bello, Solomon, Puzhen Gao, and Yuqi Lin. "Experimental Study of Temperature and Heating Power Variations on Natural Circulation Flow Phenomena in a Closed Rectangular Loop With Single Heating Channel." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16004.

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Abstract Experimental investigation has been carried out in a closed loop rectangular natural circulation facility having a single heated macro channel dimensioned and built based on concepts of similarity and scale down circuit similar to the primary loop of a Nuclear reactor. The study aims to observe and critically analyze the thermal hydraulic parameters (Temperature Variation, Heating Power rises) as it affects transfer of heat by the NC flow along its hydraulic circuit at predetermined inlet subcooled set and sustained at 40°C, 50°C, 60°C and 80°C by regulating the coolant flow rate in the secondary loop. Heating channel power varies between 7kW – 13kW to portray several conditions of the reactor power in response to temperature changes base on the inlet temperature as a way of sustaining single-Phase flow through the flow loop while suppressing instabilities in the fluid circulation. Real-time signals of thermal hydraulic responses are observed via a graphical interface for data acquisition when stable flow or self-sustained flow oscillations are achieved. Results were analyzed at the (1) inlet and outlet of heater, (2) along the heated section and (3) inlet and outlet of condenser (4) the entire Loop. Pressure drops and Flow rate with respect to Temperature Difference was also analyzed to contribute for the acquisition of important data of natural circulation phenomena to be used for the design of large scale (prototypical) NC facility.
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Zhao, Yizheng, and Renate Schmidt. "On Concept Forgetting in Description Logics with Qualified Number Restrictions." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/274.

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This paper presents a practical method for computing solutions of concept forgetting in the description logic ALCOQ(neg,and,or), basic ALC extended with nominals, qualified number restrictions, role negation, role conjunction and role disjunction. The method is based on a non-trivial generalisation of Ackermann's Lemma, and attempts to compute either semantic solutions of concept forgetting or uniform interpolants in ALCOQ(neg,and,or). It is so far the only approach to concept forgetting in description logics with number restrictions plus nominals, as well as in description logics with ABoxes. Results of an evaluation with a prototypical implementation have shown that the method was successful in more than 90% of the test cases from a large corpus of biomedical ontologies. In only 13.2% of these cases the solutions were semantic solutions.
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Madhusudan, T. N., Katia Sycara, and D. Navin-Chandra. "On Synthesis of Electro-Mechanical Assemblies." In ASME 1996 Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-detc/dfm-1631.

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Abstract Research in providing feedback to designers to modify designs of electro-mechanical systems based on assembly and process plans has focused on identifying potential assembly and manufacturing problems during the design phase and providing suggestions to designers to eliminate them. Prototypical software systems provide design suggestions primarily based on the form of the different components in an electro-mechanical assembly thus providing feedback to the designers during the embodiment (form) design phase of the product. It is necessary to extend the feedback notions to other levels of abstraction describing a product i.e. function, behavior and parametric information. Performing such a task requires an understanding of the design process so as to have a better idea of the nature of feedback information required by a designer and its usage in design. In this paper, we outline a framework to integrate design feedback information in the course of the design task. This paper provides a classification of electro-mechanical products based on design requirements and describes a prototypical computational framework for the synthesis of electro-mechanical assemblies. We illustrate how assembly design (configuration design), parametric design and concept design may be integrated in a consistent manner.
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Woolum, Connor, D. Devin Imholte, Austin Fleming, David Kamerman, and Korbin Tritthart. "Fabrication and Assembly of the First Accident Tolerant Fuel Concept for TREAT Testing." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21620.

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Abstract Following the tragic events at the Fukushima Daiichi power plant in 2011, priority was given to increasing the accident tolerance of fuel systems for the current fleet of nuclear reactors. These enhanced Accident Tolerant Fuel (ATF) concepts include a wide variety of fuel and cladding materials, both as variants of the current Zircaloy-UO2 system and also as novel fuel and cladding concepts. In addition to testing at steady-state, prototypic, conditions within a nuclear reactor, performance of these ATF concepts in off-normal and transient conditions must be evaluated. The Transient Reactor Test (TREAT) facility at Idaho National Laboratory’s (INLs) Materials and Fuels Complex (MFC) was restarted in the Fall of 2017 and is well-suited to serve this purpose. September of 2018 marked the first fueled specimen to be tested in TREAT since its restart; testing of fuel specimens has been ongoing since then. Initial fuel tests focused on the traditional Zircaloy-UO2 fuel system in order to gain a more thorough understanding of operating characteristics of both the test vehicle system and also the interactions between the reactor and the experiment itself. These tests also served to commission new test vehicles using the well-characterized Zircaloy-UO2 system. The Separate Effects Test Holder, SETH Capsule, is a modular capsule designed such that it can support a wide variety of specimen geometries ranging from prototypic pressurized water reactor (PWR) fuel samples, heat sink based experiments, and more. The capsule itself is an additively manufactured titanium capsule, within which the experimental specimen is loaded. The SETH Phase I series of tests included five individual SETH capsules, each with a single fuel rodlet and instrumentation to measure temperature during irradiation in TREAT. Each fuel rodlet is representative of a fuel rod in a PWR, with UO2 in Zircaloy-4 cladding. In August of 2019, TREAT irradiated the first ATF candidate fuel, U3Si2. This marked the first transient test of an ATF concept and is part of a larger campaign that will irradiate a total of four capsules containing ATF concepts. This test campaign, SETH Phase II, built upon the previous SETH Phase I campaign with a nearly identical design except for the fuel rodlet itself. Two of the four SETH capsules contained U3Si2 fuel within Zircaloy-4 cladding, and the other two capsules contained U3Si2 fuel within SiC cladding. This paper reviews the design, fabrication, and assembly efforts resulting in the four qualified SETH capsules for TREAT irradiation of these ATF concepts.
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Zhao, Yizheng, and Renate A. Schmidt. "Role Forgetting for ALCOQH(universal role)-Ontologies Using an Ackermann-Based Approach." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/188.

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Forgetting refers to a non-standard reasoning problem concerned with eliminating concept and role symbols from description logic-based ontologies while preserving all logical consequences up to the remaining symbols. Whereas previous research has primarily focused on forgetting concept symbols, in this paper, we turn our attention to role symbol forgetting. In particular, we present a practical method for semantic role forgetting for ontologies expressible in the description logic ALCOQH(universal role), i.e., the basic description logic ALC extended with nominals, qualified number restrictions, role inclusions and the universal role. Being based on an Ackermann approach, the method is the only approach so far for forgetting role symbols in description logics with qualified number restrictions. The method is goal-oriented and incremental. It always terminates and is sound in the sense that the forgetting solution is equivalent to the original ontology up to the forgotten symbols possibly with new concept definer symbols. Despite our method not being complete, performance results of an evaluation with a prototypical implementation have shown very good success rates on real-world ontologies.
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