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Journal articles on the topic 'Protozoa'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Ohene-Adjei, Samuel, Ronald M. Teather, Michael Ivan, and Robert J. Forster. "Postinoculation Protozoan Establishment and Association Patterns of Methanogenic Archaea in the Ovine Rumen." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 14 (2007): 4609–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02687-06.

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ABSTRACT Association patterns between archaea and rumen protozoa were evaluated by analyzing archaeal 16S rRNA gene clone libraries from ovine rumen inoculated with different protozoa. Five protozoan inoculation treatments, fauna free (negative control), holotrich and cellulolytic protozoa, Isotricha and Dasytricha spp., Entodinium spp., and total fauna (type A) were tested. We used denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, quantitative PCR, and phylogenetic analysis to evaluate the impact of the protozoan inoculants on the respective archaeal communities. Protozoan 18S ribosomal DNA clone libr

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Ffoulkes, D., and R. A. Leng. "Dynamics of protozoa in the rumen of cattle." British Journal of Nutrition 59, no. 3 (1988): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19880051.

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1. The dynamics of protozoa were studied in two groups of rumen-fistulated cattle fed on a basal diet of molassesad lib., with oaten chaff given at 6 or 18 g/kg live weight. This diet resulted in different mixtures of protozoal species in the populations in the rumen.2. The rumen protozoa were studied by intrarumen injections of protozoa labelled in vitro with [14CH3]choline. An indication of protozoal death and fermentation of protozoal cell residues was obtained by measuring14C loss via the methane pool.3. After a single injection of labelled protozoa, the decline in the specific radioactivi

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Murphy, Brian G., Daniel Bradway, Timothy Walsh, George E. Sanders, and Kevin Snekvik. "Gastric Cryptosporidiosis in Freshwater Angelfish (Pterophyllum Scalare)." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 21, no. 5 (2009): 722–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870902100523.

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A freshwater angelfish ( Pterophyllum scalare) hatchery experienced variable levels of emaciation, poor growth rates, swollen coelomic cavities, anorexia, listlessness, and increased mortality within their fish. Multiple chemotherapeutic trials had been attempted without success. In affected fish, large numbers of protozoa were identified both histologically and ultrastructurally associated with the gastric mucosa. The youngest cohort of parasitized fish was the most severely affected and demonstrated the greatest morbidity and mortality. The protozoa were morphologically most consistent with

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Bird, Simon H., R. S. Hegarty, and R. Woodgate. "Modes of transmission of rumen protozoa between mature sheep." Animal Production Science 50, no. 6 (2010): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09216.

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Three experiments were conducted to evaluate routes by which viable rumen ciliate-protozoa may be transferred between mature sheep. Feed, water and faecal material were tested as possible vectors for protozoal transfer in addition to direct animal to animal contact. In Experiment 1, protozoa-free sheep were either offered or orally dosed with protozoa-contaminated material or allowed contact with faunated animals. The treated sheep were then monitored over a 4-week period for the appearance of protozoa in the rumen. Protozoa were successfully transferred to protozoa-free animals via contaminat

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5

Rychert, Krzysztof, and Thomas Neu. "Protozoan impact on bacterial biofilm formation." Biological Letters 47, no. 1 (2010): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10120-009-0017-x.

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Protozoan impact on bacterial biofilm formationConfocal laser scanning microscopy in combination with digital image analysis was used to assess the impact of protozoa on bacterial colonisation of surfaces. Bacterial biofilms were developed from activated sludge in microscope flow cells and were exposed to the grazing pressure of protozoa. The protozoan community from healthy activated sludge and a culture of flagellateBodo saltanswere used as grazers. Experiments comprised 48-h incubations in 3 treatment variants: bacteria with protozoa, bacteria with protozoa added after some time and bacteri

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Bardi, Edoardo, Emilio Noviello, and Lada Hofmannová. "Protozoa and protozoal infections in chelonians." Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine 31 (October 2019): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2019.06.006.

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7

Huws, S. A., M. R. F. Lee, A. H. Kingston-Smith, et al. "Ruminal protozoal contribution to the duodenal flow of fatty acids following feeding of steers on forages differing in chloroplast content." British Journal of Nutrition 108, no. 12 (2012): 2207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512000335.

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Ruminant products are criticised for their SFA content relative to PUFA, although n-6:n-3 PUFA is desirable for human health ( < 4). Rumen protozoa are rich in unsaturated fatty acids due to engulfment of PUFA-rich chloroplasts. Increasing the chloroplast content of rumen protozoa offers a potentially novel approach to enhance PUFA flow to the duodenum and subsequent incorporation into meat and milk. We evaluated protozoal contribution to duodenal n-3 PUFA flow due to intracellular chloroplast content. A total of six Holstein × Friesian steers were fed, in a two-period changeover design, ei

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Ndiaye, Mouhamadou, Khadim Diongue, Mame Cheikh Seck, et al. "Retrospective Assessment of The Intestinal Protozoan Distribution in Patients Admitted to The Hospital Aristide Le Dantec in Dakar, Senegal, from 2011 to 2020." Parasitologia 3, no. 1 (2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/parasitologia3010001.

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Infectious parasites, especially the intestinal protozoan parasites, continue to be a major public health problem in Africa, where many of the same factors contribute to the transmission of these parasites. This study was conducted to investigate the parasites causing intestinal protozoal infections diagnosed in Aristide Le Dantec hospital (Senegal). Direct examination and the Ritchie technique were used. Among the 3407 stool samples studied, 645 demonstrated the presence of intestinal protozoa in single parasitism, biparasitism, or polyparasitism, representing a prevalence of 18.93%. Out of a

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Brinch, Ulla C., Flemming Ekelund, and Carsten S. Jacobsen. "Method for Spiking Soil Samples with Organic Compounds." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 4 (2002): 1808–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.4.1808-1816.2002.

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ABSTRACT We examined the harmful side effects on indigenous soil microorganisms of two organic solvents, acetone and dichloromethane, that are normally used for spiking of soil with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for experimental purposes. The solvents were applied in two contamination protocols to either the whole soil sample or 25% of the soil volume, which was subsequently mixed with 75% untreated soil. For dichloromethane, we included a third protocol, which involved application to 80% of the soil volume with or without phenanthrene and introduction of Pseudomonas fluorescens VKI171 SJ13

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10

Hastutiek, Poedji, Wiwik Misaco Yuniarti, Mufasirin Djaeri, Nunuk Dyah Retno Lastuti, Endang Suprihati, and Lucia Tri Suwanti. "Prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal protozoa in Madura cattle at Bangkalan Regency, East Java, Indonesia." Veterinary World 12, no. 2 (2019): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.198-204.

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Aim: This study aimed to describe the gastrointestinal protozoa in Madura cattle at Bangkalan Regency, East Java, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A total of 500 samples of Madura cattle feces were collected from 10 districts at Bangkalan Regency. Those ten districts represent the lowland and upland areas, and each district was represented by one village. The collected feces were examined using native, sedimentation, and floating methods. The species identification was determined by their morphology. Results: There were 357 (71.4%) samples positively infected with protozoan. The highest rate

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Pagati, Amara Lintang, Lucia Tri Suwanti, Chairul Anwar Nidom, Wiwik Misaco Yuniarti, Sarmanu Sarmanu, and Endang Suprihati. "Prevalance of Gastrointestinal Protozoa of Cats in Animal Hospital and Animal Clinic in Surabaya." Journal of Parasite Science 2, no. 2 (2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jops.v2i2.16401.

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Research of gastrointestinal protozoan in cats at Surabaya are still limited. Protozoa infection of the gastrointestinal tract can cause diarrhea and even zoonosis. This research aimed to identify and determine the prevalence of protozoan in cats in animal hostptal and animal clinic in Surabaya. Ninety fecal samples were collected from 2 animal clinic and one animal hospital. Samples were examined e wet mount (native, sedimentation, and floatation) and (Ziehl Nellsen) stain. Protozoa was identified by using a light microscope with 400x and 1000x magnification. The result showed 68,89% of sampl

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Dijkstra, Jan, and Seerp Tamminga. "Simulation of the effects of diet on the contribution of rumen protozoa to degradation of fibre in the rumen." British Journal of Nutrition 74, no. 5 (1995): 617–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19950166.

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A previously described mathematical model, that simulates the metabolic activities of rumen bacteria and protozoa, was used to examine the contribution of protozoa to neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) degradation in the rumen of cattle. Comparisons between predicted and experimentally observed NDF degradation showed general agreement. Further simulations were performed with diets containing variable proportions of concentrate (between 0 and 1 kg/kg diet DM) and at intake levels ranging between 5·3 and 21·0 kg DM/d. The simulated protozoal contribution to NDF degradation was 17–21% at the lowest in

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13

Williams, Alan G., and Susan E. Withers. "Changes in the rumen microbial population and its activities during the refaunation period after the reintroduction of ciliate protozoa into the rumen of defaunated sheep." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 39, no. 1 (1993): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m93-009.

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Changes in the microbial populations, their activities, and the ruminal fermentation were monitored for 50 d following the reintroduction of ciliate protozoa into four defaunated sheep. A protozoal population was reestablished successfully in each recipient, using a washed inoculum containing approximately 103 cells, although there were between-animal differences in the rates of recolonization and genus establishment. Entodinium spp. predominated in the initial stages of the refaunation period and had an apparent maximal generation time of 9–10 h. Bacterial and fungal numbers did not decline f

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14

Yáñez-Ruiz, David R., Nigel D. Scollan, Roger J. Merry, and Charles J. Newbold. "Contribution of rumen protozoa to duodenal flow of nitrogen, conjugated linoleic acid and vaccenic acid in steers fed silages differing in their water-soluble carbohydrate content." British Journal of Nutrition 96, no. 5 (2006): 861–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bjn20061927.

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The present experiment was designed to estimate the quantitative contribution of rumen protozoa to the total N, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and vaccenic acid (VA;trans-11–18:1) flow to the duodenum of steers fed two silage diets: control silage (CS) and silage high in water-soluble carbohydrates (HS). Protozoal duodenal flows were estimated using a real-time PCR assay to quantify the genes encoding protozoal 18S ribosomal RNA. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was used to confirm that the rumen protozoa populations were similar to the protozoal population flowing to the duodenum. Esti

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15

Nurhayati, Nurhayati. "GAMBARAN INFEKSI PROTOZOA INTESTINAL PADA ANAK BINAAN RUMAH SINGGAH AMANAH KOTA PADANG." Majalah Kedokteran Andalas 34, no. 1 (2015): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22338/mka.v34.i1.p60-69.2010.

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AbstrakInfeksi protozoa intestinal masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di negara tropis dan negara berkembang. Yang termasuk ke dalam protozoa intestinal patogen di antaranya adalah G. lamblia dan E. histolitika.Telah dilakukan penelitian terhadap anak binaan Rumah Singgah “Amanah”, Kelurahan Rimbo Kaluang, Kecamatan Padang Barat, Kota Padang. Pemeriksaan tinja dilakukan terhadap 66 anak dengan metode langsung menggunakan eosin dan lugol. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran infeksi protozoa intestinal pada anak binaan rumah singgah Amanah.Telah dilakukan penelitian

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16

Adeiza, A. M., N. A. Sani, N. B. Alhaji, E. A. Godwin, C. E. Okwolo, and G. Uchendu. "Prevalence and Diversity of Zoonotic Protozoa in Dogs in Lokoja, North ‎Central, Nigeria." Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences 20, no. 4 (2023): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v20i4.392.

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The risk of zoonotic protozoan diseases has increased in recent times through the unregulated breeding of dogs in the neighbourhood of human dwellings. Dogs (341) brought into the seven major (Based on full employment of at least one veterinarian) veterinary clinics in Lokoja, North Central Nigeria (October 2021 to August, 2022) for medical evaluations were enlisted in this study to determine the prevalence and diversity of zoonotic protozoa in the dogs. Faecal and blood samples were screened using modified Ziehl – Neelsen and direct microscopy techniques for the presence of intestinal and blo

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17

Lian, Liyin, Qian Sun, Xinyi Huang, et al. "Inhibition of Cell Apoptosis by Apicomplexan Protozoa–Host Interaction in the Early Stage of Infection." Animals 13, no. 24 (2023): 3817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13243817.

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Apicomplexan protozoa, which are a group of specialized intracellular parasitic protozoa, infect humans and other animals and cause a variety of diseases. The lack of research on the interaction mechanism between Apicomplexan protozoa and their hosts is a key factor restricting the development of new drugs and vaccines. In the early stages of infection, cell apoptosis is inhibited by Apicomplexan protozoa through their interaction with the host cells; thereby, the survival and reproduction of Apicomplexan protozoa in host cells is promoted. In this review, the key virulence proteins and pathwa

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18

Williams, Yvette J., Suzanne M. Rea, Sam Popovski, et al. "Reponses of sheep to a vaccination of entodinial or mixed rumen protozoal antigens to reduce rumen protozoal numbers." British Journal of Nutrition 99, no. 1 (2007): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507801553.

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Two rumen protozoa vaccine formulations containing either whole fixed Entodinium or mixed rumen protozoa cells were tested on Merino sheep with the aim of decreasing the number and/or activity of protozoa in the rumen. Negative control (no antigen) and positive control (Tetrahymena corlissi antigens) treatments were also included in the experiment. Blood and saliva were sampled to measure the specific immune response. Protozoal numbers in the rumen were monitored by microscopic counts. Vaccination with protozoal formulations resulted in the presence of specific IgG in plasma and saliva, but sa

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Neill, L., M. de S. Dayrell, J. K. G. Kramer, and M. Ivan. "Procedure for analysis of phosphatidylcholine as a protozoal marker in ruminants." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 72, no. 3 (1992): 717–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas92-084.

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A procedure was developed to analyze phosphatidylcholine in ruminal protozoa and duodenal digesta, for the estimation of the flow of protozoal constituents from the stomach to the small intestine of ruminant animals. The procedure requires 15–20 mg of dry ruminal protozoa and 50–60 mg of dry duodenal digesta. Key words: Phosphatidylcholine, protozoa, duodenal flow, ruminants

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Michalowski, T., J. Harmeyer, and G. Breves. "The passage of protozoa from the reticulo-rumen through the omasum of sheep." British Journal of Nutrition 56, no. 3 (1986): 625–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19860143.

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1. Protozoa in rumen contents and omasal effluent of growing wethers were counted. The wethers were equipped with rumen and abomasal cannulas, and omasal sleeves attached to the omasal-abomasal orifice. Rumen fluid dilution rates were elevated by continuous infusions of hypertonic mineral solutions (34 litres/d) for 24 d. Rumen contents and omasal effluent were sampled between 9 and 21 h during the last 10 d of each experiment.2. Protozoa1 concentrations in omasal effluent were only 0.24.3 those found in the rumen under normal conditions. The ratio of protozoal concentrations in rumen: those i

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Hamdani, Aldi, Nunuk Dyah Retno Lastuti, Yeni Dhamayanti, Setiawan Koesdarto, Agus Sunarso, and Poedji Hastutiek. "Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Protozoa on Bali Cattle in Lopok Sub-District, Sumbawa District." Journal of Parasite Science 5, no. 2 (2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jops.v5i2.30373.

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This study aims to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal protozoa on Bali cattle in Lopok Sub-District, Sumbawa District. The study was conducted from January to April 2021 by taking 100 samples of Bali cattle feces from 7 villages in Lopok Sub-District, Sumbawa District. Samples were examined by sedimentation and floating methods. Species identification was determined by the morphology of the protozoa. A total of 62 (62%) samples were positively infected with protozoa. There were 4 species of gastrointestinal protozoa found infecting Bali cattle, namely Eimeria sp., Blastocytis sp., En

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Kilimcioglu, Ali Ahmet, Yavuz Havlucu, Nogay Girginkardesler, Pınar Çelik, Kor Yereli, and Ahmet Özbilgin. "Putative Bronchopulmonary Flagellated Protozoa in Immunosuppressed Patients." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/912346.

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Flagellated protozoa that cause bronchopulmonary symptoms in humans are commonly neglected. These protozoal forms which were presumed to be “flagellated protozoa” have been previously identified in immunosuppressed patients in a number of studies, but have not been certainly classified so far. Since no human cases of bronchopulmonary flagellated protozoa were reported from Turkey, we aimed to investigate these putative protozoa in immunosuppressed patients who are particularly at risk of infectious diseases. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples of 110 immunosuppressed adult patients who were a

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Li, Ellen, and Samuel L. Stanley. "PROTOZOA." Gastroenterology Clinics of North America 25, no. 3 (1996): 471–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-8553(05)70259-4.

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Gorham, Ella Martinsen. "Protozoa." New England Review 39, no. 4 (2018): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ner.2018.0102.

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Zhao, Hongzhou, Arrvindh Shriraman, Snehasish Kumar, and Sandhya Dwarkadas. "Protozoa." ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News 41, no. 3 (2013): 547–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2508148.2485969.

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Muthee, Antony, Mary Gitahi, Rael Musili, and Martin Mutuku. "Prevalence and Distribution of Geo-Helminths and Intestinal Protozoa Infections among School-Going Children in Nyeri County, Kenya." African Journal of Empirical Research 5, no. 2 (2024): 787–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.5.2.69.

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The goal of this study was to determine how common and widespread geo-helminths, STH, and intestinal protozoa infections are in the Mathira constituency of Nyeri County, Kenya. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of geohelminths and intestinal protozoa, as well as the distribution of STH and intestinal protozoa infections in school-going children. Cochran formulae guided the design of a cross-sectional study on a population of 174 children, yielding complete data for 164 of them. The social determinants of the health model guided this study. A structured questionnaire was applied to da

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Denton, Bethany L., Leanne E. Diese, Jeffrey L. Firkins, and Timothy J. Hackmann. "Accumulation of Reserve Carbohydrate by Rumen Protozoa and Bacteria in Competition for Glucose." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 5 (2014): 1832–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03736-14.

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ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to determine if rumen protozoa could form large amounts of reserve carbohydrate compared to the amounts formed by bacteria when competing for glucose in batch cultures. We separated large protozoa and small bacteria from rumen fluid by filtration and centrifugation, recombined equal protein masses of each group into one mixture, and subsequently harvested (reseparated) these groups at intervals after glucose dosing. This method allowed us to monitor reserve carbohydrate accumulation of protozoa and bacteria individually. When mixtures were dosed with a moderat

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Maryanti, Esy, M. Reyhan Ahza Hamidy, and Lilly Haslinda. "Identifikasi Protozoa Usus Oportunistik dan Faktor Risikonya Pada Anak Panti Asuhan Kota Pekanbaru." Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran 13, no. 2 (2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26891/jik.v13i2.2019.55-62.

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Opportunistic intestinal protozoa are protozoa that can infect humans at a time when the body’s defense system isdeclining (immunocompromising). Opportunistic protozoan infections are infections by intestinal protozoa that werenot previously considered important, but now can cause disease in humans. Opportunistic intestinal protozoan infectionsbesides being found in immunocompromised patients are also reported to infect children. Some of the intestinalprotozoan species that have been identified to cause infection are Cryptosporidium sp, Isospora belii, Cyclospora sp,and Blastocystis hominis. T

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Steven, Nixon, Jhons Fatriyadi Suwandi, Sutarto Sutarto, and Dian Isti Angraini. "The Utilization of Spatial Analysis in Controlling Intestinal Protozoan Infections." Jurnal Kesehatan dan Agromedicine 11, no. 2 (2024): 7–12. https://doi.org/10.23960/jka.v11i2.pp7-12.

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Abstrak: Masalah kesehatan akibat infeksi protozoa usus merupakan masalah kesehatan yang signifikan, terutama di daerah dengan tingkat sanitasi yang buruk dan kepadatan penduduk yang tinggi. Penyakit akibat infeksi protozoa usus berdampak pada kesehatan masyarakat, khususnya anak-anak usia sekolah yang belum menerapkan Pola Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) seperti mencuci tangan sebelum dan sesudah makan.Salah satu pendekatan dalam pengendalian penyebaran infeksi protozoa usus adalah analisis spasial, yang mengidentifikasi pola distribusi penyebaran penyakit, faktor risiko lingkungan, serta lingk

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Punia, B. S., J. Leibholz, and G. J. Faichney. "Rate of production of protozoa in the rumen and the flow of protozoal nitrogen to the duodenum in sheep and cattle given a pelleted diet of lucerne hay and barley." Journal of Agricultural Science 118, no. 2 (1992): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600068830.

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SUMMARYTwo crossbred wethers (c. 45 kg) and two Hereford heifers (c. 215 kg) were fitted with permanent cannulas in the rumen and abomasum and given a diet of lucerne hay and barley (60:40). Organic matter (OM) intakes were 0·67 kg/day for sheep and 3·14 kg/day for cattle.The mean numbers of protozoa in the rumen fluid were 9·3 × 105/ml for sheep and 7·4 × 105/ml for cattle. 14C-labelled protozoa were prepared by incubating rumen fluid in vitro with [14C]methyl choline and then isolating them by sedimentation and differential centrifugation. The labelled protozoa were returned to the rumen of

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Sinclair, James L., and Martin Alexander. "Effect of protozoan predation on relative abundance of fast- and slow-growing bacteria." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 35, no. 5 (1989): 578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m89-092.

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The survival of six bacterial species that had different growth rates was tested in raw sewage and sewage that was rendered free of protozoa. When test bacteria were added to protozoa-free sewage at densities of approximately 105 to 106 cells/mL, five of the six species did not decline below 105 cells/mL. If protozoa were present, the population sizes of all test species were markedly reduced, but bacterial species able to grow faster in artificial media had the larger number of survivors. When the same bacteria were inoculated into protozoa-free sewage at densities of less than 103 cells/mL,

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Wang, Wei, Leslie M. Shor, Eugene J. LeBoeuf, John P. Wikswo, and David S. Kosson. "Mobility of Protozoa through Narrow Channels." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 8 (2005): 4628–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.8.4628-4637.2005.

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ABSTRACT Microbes in the environment are profoundly affected by chemical and physical heterogeneities occurring on a spatial scale of millimeters to micrometers. Physical refuges are critical for maintaining stable bacterial populations in the presence of high predation pressure by protozoa. The effects of microscale heterogeneity, however, are difficult to replicate and observe using conventional experimental techniques. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of spatial constraints on the mobility of six species of marine protozoa. Microfluidic devices were created with

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Maryanti, Esy, Suri Dwi Lesmana, and Hendro Mandela. "Deteksi Protozoa Usus Oportunistik pada Penderita Diare Anak di Puskesmas Rawat Inap Pekanbaru." Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran 9, no. 1 (2017): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26891/jik.v9i1.2015.22-26.

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Diarrhea is still a public health problem, especially in developing countries. Diarrhea causes morbidity and highmortality in children. Diarrhea can be caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites and food poisoning. One of the parasitethat can cause diarrhea is intestinal protozoa. Lately, attention to intestinal opportunistic protozoan infections isincreasing. Opportunistic intestinal protozoa infection is an infection by intestinal protozoa that had not consideredimportant and now can cause disease in humans. Cryptosporidium sp, Cyclospora cayetanensis, Isospora belii andBlastocystis hominis are

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Baré, Julie, Kurt Houf, Tine Verstraete, Mario Vaerewijck, and Koen Sabbe. "Persistence of Free-Living Protozoan Communities across Rearing Cycles in Commercial Poultry Houses." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 5 (2011): 1763–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01756-10.

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ABSTRACTThe introduction and survival of zoonotic bacterial pathogens in poultry farming have been linked to bacterial association with free-living protozoa. To date, however, no information is available on the persistence of protozoan communities in these environments across consecutive rearing cycles and how it is affected by farm- and habitat-specific characteristics and management strategies. We therefore investigated the spatial and temporal dynamics of free-living protozoa in three habitats (pipeline, water, and miscellaneous samples) in three commercial poultry houses across three reari

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Dudlová, A., P. Juriš, P. Jarčuška, L. Čisláková, I. Papajová, and V. Krčméry. "Epidemiological risks of endoparasitoses spread by municipal waste water." Helminthologia 52, no. 3 (2015): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helmin-2015-0032.

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AbstractThe occurrence of developmental stages of endoparasite germs (cysts, oocysts, protozoa, and helminth eggs) as an indirect detection factor of endoparasitoses circulation in the environment, was examined in raw municipal wastewater, sludge and biologically cleaned waste water. Examination of municipal wastewater and sludge from five monitored wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in east Slovakia, from various fractions of municipal wastewater, confirmed 35.87 % positivity of samples for the endoparasitic germs. Among of all analysed samples 11.09 % were protozoan oo(cysts) and 20.87 % we

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Moreno, Ana Maria, Carsten Matz, Staffan Kjelleberg, and Mike Manefield. "Identification of Ciliate Grazers of Autotrophic Bacteria in Ammonia-Oxidizing Activated Sludge by RNA Stable Isotope Probing." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 7 (2010): 2203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02777-09.

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ABSTRACT It is well understood that protozoa play a major role in controlling bacterial biomass and regulating nutrient cycling in the environment. Little is known, however, about the movement of carbon from specific reduced substrates, through functional groups of bacteria, to particular clades of protozoa. In this study we first identified the active protozoan phylotypes present in activated sludge, via the construction of an rRNA-derived eukaryote clone library. Most of the sequences identified belonged to ciliates of the subclass Peritrichia and amoebae, confirming the dominance of surface

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Ayemele, Aurele Gnetegha, Lu Ma, Xiumei Li та ін. "Identification of Bioactive Phytochemicals from Six Plants: Mechanistic Insights into the Inhibition of Rumen Protozoa, Ammoniagenesis, and α-Glucosidase". Biology 10, № 10 (2021): 1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10101055.

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Rumen protozoa prey on feed-degrading bacteria synthesizing microbial protein, lowering nitrogen utilization efficiency in ruminants. In this in vitro study, we evaluated six plants (Adansonia digitata, Flemingia macrophylla, Kalimeris indica,Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis, Portulaca oleracea, and Calotropis gigantea) for their potential to inhibit rumen protozoa and identified the phytochemicals potentially responsible for protozoa inhibition. Rumen protozoa were anaerobically cultured in vitro in the presence of each plant at four doses. All of the tested plants reduced total rumen protozoa

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NAGARAJA, T. G., S. J. GALITZER, D. L. HARMON, and S. M. DENNIS. "EFFECT OF LASALOCID, MONENSIN AND THIOPEPTIN ON LACTATE PRODUCTION FROM IN VITRO RUMEN FERMENTATION OF STARCH." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 66, no. 1 (1986): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas86-014.

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Starch fermentations with strained rumen fluid and centrifuged rumen fluid devoid of protozoa were set up to test the effect of lasalocid, monensin, and thiopeptin on L(+) and D(−) lactate production. Protozoa-free rumen fluid was the supernatant from low-speed centrifugation of strained rumen fluid. Starch fermentation in the control (no antibiotic) with centrifuged rumen fluid resulted in higher lactate concentration than the fermentation with strained rumen fluid. Decreased lactate production with strained rumen fluid was attributed to sequestration of starch by protozoa and to enhanced lac

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Situmorang, Fernando Jose Immanuel Clinton, Kholik Kholik, Candra Dwi Atma, Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu, Iwan Doddy Dharmawibawa, and Munawer Pradana. "Identification of Gastrointestinal Protozoa of Sumatera Elephant (Elephas maximmus sumatranus) in Lombok Wildlife Park." Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi 12, no. 1 (2024): 1454. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/bioscientist.v12i1.11855.

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The protozoan parasites have been reported to infect Sumatran elephants. Gastrointestinal protozoa could potentially be a factor in the decline in the Sumatran elephant population in Indonesia. This study aims to identify the presence of gastrointestinal protozoa in Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) in the Lombok Wildlife Park, North Lombok Regency, Indonesia. This research has used fresh fecal samples from 5 Sumatran elephants. The examination of feces samples using native, sedimentation, and floating methods. The research results have identified the presence of gastrointestinal

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Eberhard, Mark L. "Atlas of Human Protozoa (Atlas dei Protozoi Umani)." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 50, no. 3 (1994): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1994.50.392.

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Yuan, Guoqing, Yue Chen, Yulu Wang, et al. "Responses of Protozoan Communities to Multiple Environmental Stresses (Warming, Eutrophication, and Pesticide Pollution)." Animals 14, no. 9 (2024): 1293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14091293.

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To explore the impacts of multiple environmental stressors on animal communities in aquatic ecosystems, we selected protozoa—a highly sensitive group of organisms—to assess the effect of environmental change. To conduct this simulation we conducted a three-factor, outdoor, mesocosm experiment from March to November 2021. Changes in the community structure and functional group composition of protozoan communities under the separate and combined effects of these three environmental stressors were investigated by warming and the addition of nitrogen, phosphorus, and pesticides. The results were a

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Zhou, Yao, and Zhi Gang Xie. "The Study on Protozoan Community Structure of Zhalong Wetland." Applied Mechanics and Materials 535 (February 2014): 470–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.535.470.

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The zhalong wetland water environment is an important part of the ecological environment, The protozoan community structure of Zhalong wetland was researched in this article. We can monitoring water pollution degree through the analysis of protozoan population, this research investigated protozoa population structure in qiqihar zhalong wetland through the PFU method and direct mining water in water samples, and analyse the physiological and biochemical parameters to assess the quality of water quality changes during May-October in 2012, the result show that 74 protozoa were observed including

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Margaretha, Josephira Intan, Poedji Hastutiek, Dian Ayu Permatasari, Agus Sunarso, Dadik Rahardjo, and Lucia Tri Suwanti. "Identification, Prevalence, and Degree of Digestive Tract Protozoa Infection in Dairy Cows at KUTT Suka Makmur Grati Pasuruan." Journal of Parasite Science 8, no. 2 (2024): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jops.v8i2.60454.

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The aim of this research is to identify, determine prevalence, and degree infection of protozoa gastrointestinal tract in dairy cow at KUTT Suka Makmur, Pasuruan district. The research was conducted from July until September 2023 by taking 100 dairy cow faeces sample from 4 villages of KUTT Suka Makmur. The samples were examined by sedimentation and floating methods. Species are identified by looking at morphology of protozoa gastrointestinal. There were of 85 (85%) samples positively infected with protozoan. There were 3 species that infect the digestive tract, those are Eimeria sp., Balantid

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Nałęcz-Jawecki, Grzegorz, Milena Wawryniuk, Joanna Giebułtowicz, Adam Olkowski, and Agata Drobniewska. "Influence of Selected Antidepressants on the Ciliated Protozoan Spirostomum ambiguum: Toxicity, Bioaccumulation, and Biotransformation Products." Molecules 25, no. 7 (2020): 1476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071476.

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The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the most common antidepressants on aquatic protozoa. Spirostomum ambiguum was used as the model protozoan. The biological activity of four antidepressants, namely fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, and mianserin, toward S. ambiguum was evaluated. Sertraline was found to be the most toxic drug with EC50 values of 0.2 to 0.7 mg/L. The toxicity of the antidepressants depended on the pH of the medium and was the highest in alkaline conditions. Sertraline was also the most bioaccumulating compound tested, followed by mianserin. Slow depuration was

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Lee, Sung S., Jong K. Ha, and K. J. Cheng. "The effects of sequential inoculation of mixed rumen protozoa on the degradation of orchard grass cell walls by anaerobic fungus Anaeromyces mucronatus 543." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 47, no. 8 (2001): 754–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w01-076.

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The effects of protozoa on the degradation of plant cell walls (CW) during different growth stages of the fungus Anaeromyces mucronatus have been investigated. Since fungi show a marked lag in their in vitro cultures and many protozoa rapidly die during a prolonged incubation time, the effects of protozoa may vary according to the growth phase of the fungi. Therefore, the approach adopted was (i) to inoculate CW with fungus monoculture, (ii) to inoculate CW with fungus-protozoa coculture, or (iii) to sequentially inoculate fungal cultures that had been grown in CW for 24 (initial stage of grow

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Muhoro, Arthur M., and Edit É. Farkas. "Insecticidal and Antiprotozoal Properties of Lichen Secondary Metabolites on Insect Vectors and Their Transmitted Protozoal Diseases to Humans." Diversity 13, no. 8 (2021): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13080342.

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Since the long-term application of synthetic chemicals as insecticides and the chemotherapy of protozoal diseases have had various negative effects (non-target effects, resistance), research on less harmful biological products is underway. This review is focused on lichens with potential insecticidal and antiprotozoal activity. Literature sources (27) were surveyed from five bibliographic databases and analyzed according to the taxonomic group of the insect, the protozoal disease and the lichen, the type of bioactive compounds (including method of application and mount applied), and the potent

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Kujawinski, Elizabeth B., John W. Farrington, and James W. Moffett. "Importance of Passive Diffusion in the Uptake of Polychlorinated Biphenyls by Phagotrophic Protozoa." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 5 (2000): 1987–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.5.1987-1993.2000.

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ABSTRACT Unicellular protozoan grazers represent a size class of organisms where a transition in the mechanism of chlorobiphenyl (CB) introduction, from diffusion through surface membranes to ingestion of contaminated prey, could occur. This study compares the relative importance of these two processes in the overall uptake of polychlorinated biphenyls by protists. Uptake rates and steady-state concentrations were compared in laboratory cultures of grazing and nongrazing protozoa. These experiments were conducted with a 10-μm marine scuticociliate (Uronema sp.), bacterial prey (Halomonas halod

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Novitsky, James A. "Protozoa abundance, growth, and bacterivory in the water column, on sedimenting particles, and in the sediment of Halifax Harbor." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 36, no. 12 (1990): 859–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m90-149.

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The role of protozoan grazing in controlling bacterial populations was examined in four microbial habitats in Halifax Harbor, Canada: the water column, setting particles, the sediment–water interface, and the sediment. Large numbers of protozoans were found in all habitats although most (>56%) were small (<5 μm) flagellates. Protozoans larger than 10 μm were rarely observed; protozoans >20 μm were never observed. Protozoans were also observed to a depth of 9 cm below the sediment surface although efforts to culture viable protozoa failed except for the top 1 cm. The use of the metabol

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Ivan, M., T. Entz, P. S. Mir, Z. Mir, and T. A. McAllister. "Effects of sunflower seed supplementation and different dietary protein concentrations on the ciliate protozoa population dynamics in the rumen of sheep." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 83, no. 4 (2003): 809–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a03-052.

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The effects of feeding a linoleic acid-rich sunflower seed supplement and different levels of dietary protein on protozoal numbers and fermentation parameters in rumen fluid were determined in an 84-d experiment with rumen-cannulated sheep. The experiment comprised four treatments, two with low crude protein diets [12% of dietary dry matter (DM)] and two with high protein diets (16% of DM). On both low and high protein diets, one treatment was without (Control) and one with the sunflower seed (high linoleic acid variety 6150) supplement (14% of dietary DM). The four diets used were based on co

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DeMichele, Emily, Olivia Sosnowski, Andre G. Buret, and Thibault Allain. "Regulatory Functions of Hypoxia in Host–Parasite Interactions: A Focus on Enteric, Tissue, and Blood Protozoa." Microorganisms 11, no. 6 (2023): 1598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061598.

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Body tissues are subjected to various oxygenic gradients and fluctuations and hence can become transiently hypoxic. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is the master transcriptional regulator of the cellular hypoxic response and is capable of modulating cellular metabolism, immune responses, epithelial barrier integrity, and local microbiota. Recent reports have characterized the hypoxic response to various infections. However, little is known about the role of HIF activation in the context of protozoan parasitic infections. Growing evidence suggests that tissue and blood protozoa can activate HIF

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