Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Protozoaires'
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Vidal, Sophie. "La transmission transplacentaire des protozoaires." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P145.
Full textGrattepanche, Jean-David. "Trophodynamisme des protozoaires microzooplanctoniques en Manche orientale." Littoral, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DUNK0300.
Full textThis PhD firstly aims to characterize the structure and variability of the heterotrophic protists community in the Eastern English Channel, in relation to the phytoplankton recurrent spring blooms and secondly to understand their trophic link with both phyto- and zooplankton. In situ survey was carried out from February 2007 to July 2009 and allowed to assess (1) the seasonal variability of heterotrophic protists related to the phytoplankton succession (bottom-up control) ; (2) the year to year variability in relation with Phaeocystis globosa bloom magnitude and duration ; (3) the importance of dinoflagellates as major consumers of phytoplankton, particularly of diatoms and P. Globosa colonies (<100 μm). This survey also suggested the top-down control on heterotrophic protists by copepods. Dilution ets carried out throughout the spring 2009 confirmed in situ observations. In fact, microzooplankton consumption often equalled or exceeded phytoplankton production. Results from size-fractionated dilution experiments revealed different size class of prey for ciliates (< 10 μm) and dinoflagellates (> 10 μm) suggesting the lack of trophic competition. The PhD then focused on the importance of heterotrophy in the Eastern English Channel via a dark microcosms experiment (19 days). This experiment confirmed that heterotrophic protists communities were efficient consumers of phytoplankton. Metazoans peaked one week delay after protists, suggesting time lag response to available trophic resource for these two groups. This experiment allowed to estimate the metazoan impact (particularly rotifers) on microplanktonic protozoans (predation/competition)
Le, scanf Cécile. "Etude moléculaire et immunologique de deux variants antigéniques de Plasmodium falciparum induisant une réponse immune spécifique chez le singe Saimiri sciureus." Toulouse, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAT0016.
Full textLe, Dû Anne. "Application de tests protozoaires dans l'évaluation du risque en milieu aquatique." Rouen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ROUEO7TP.
Full textTis study allowed us to optimize the freshwater protozoan test Colpidium campylum Compatible with routine work, easy to learn, discriminant ont the natural samples, it is bioassay which could advantageously complete the standard protocols used for aquatic toxicity detection. But, in front of the complexity of the pollution phenomena in the environment, mostly due to the persistence, the degradation and the mixture of toxicants, it is appared important for us to develop a way of study more informative than the ponctual acute toxicity measure. Applied to the biological and chemical measures, the factorial experiments and the data analysis allow to detect interactions between variables studied. The kind of invesitigation, aplicable to all miniaturezed bioassay, gives the ability to grade in the waste such as inn the receiving waters, the main factors responsible of the risk in the aquatic environment. Priorities of treatment could be established efficiently on the base of ecotoxicological criteria. At least, in order to limit the lack in the marine environment about tests, we have tried to develop a marine protozoan test Pseudocohnilembus marinus. The protocol defined gives the ability to evaluate the risk in the estuary and near the coast such as we have done for the fresh water
Diogon, Marie. "Contribution à l'étude du cytosquelette et de son rôle dans la morphogenèse corticale chez les Ciliés Paramecium et Tetrahymena." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF21336.
Full textVinckier, Daniel. "Différentiation cellulaire chez les microsporidies : étude ultrastructurale du développement de Nosemoides vivieri V.D. et P. et Nosema apis Zander et mise en évidence de l'évolution des systèmes membranaires par la technique de cryofracture." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10050.
Full textGay, Andrieu Françoise. "Apport de la cytométrie en flux à l'étude des interactions hôtes-protozoaires." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO1T097.
Full textPalos, Ladeiro Mélissa. "Interactions protozoaires – moule zébrée (Dreissena polymorpha) : implication en biosurveillance sanitaire et environnementale." Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIMS005/document.
Full textAssessment of the water biological contamination by protozoa is crucial since one in two person of the world population is or has been infected by a parasitic zoonosis. The main protozoa responsible of waterborne outbreaks are Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia duodenalis and Toxoplasma gondii. Currently, protozoa detection is only based on water analysis. Irrelevant and time consuming, water analysis do not permit accurate biomonitoring. These project aims to use the freshwater mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, as a new complementary tool for biological quality analysis of freshwater. Through in vivo, ex vivo and in situ experiments, we determine the utility of zebra mussel for protozoa accumulation and their accumulation pattern within mussel tissues. Already use as a sentinel specie for chemical contamination, biological stress caused by protozoa has been determined in laboratory experiments on key cells of bivalve immunity, the hemocytes. Hence, Dreissena polymorpha could be involved in a twofold biomonitoring tactics: sanitary biomonitoring related to the use of zebra mussel as vector to protozoa with public health issue and environmental biomonitoring on understanding of the confounding factors in biological responses used as biomarkers
Febvre-Chevalier, Colette. "Ultrastructure et critères taxonomiques : excitabilité et motilité cellulaire d'héliozoaires marins (protoza-actinopoda)." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE4107.
Full textSoete, Martine. "Étude expérimentale de l'interconversion tachyzoïte-bradyzoïte chez Toxoplasma gondii." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10069.
Full textGross, Olivier. "Application de la méthode E. L. I. S. A. Au diagnostic coprologique des protozooses intestinales." Strasbourg 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR15077.
Full textGeba, Elodie. "DROPPE - la DReissène comme Outil éPurateur des Protozoaires dans les Effluents de STEP." Thesis, Reims, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REIMS041.
Full textWastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are the source of many chemical and biological contaminations, and the treatments used are inefficient for some of them. Among biological contaminants, some are the focus for new research, such as three human pathogenic protozoan parasites: Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia duodenalis. Indeed, these protozoa are clearly identified as public health priorities since they correspond to the three main parasites responsible for waterborne outbreaks. The aim of this doctoral work is to investigate the use of Dreissena polymorpha, a freshwater bivalve mollusc (zebra mussel), as a tool for bioremediation of protozoa in WWTP effluent. For this, the kinetics of protozoa accumulation and depuration by zebra mussel were characterized over 21 days, in order to evaluate the bioextraction capacity of this bivalve. The survival and health status of zebra mussels in WWTP effluent were also assessed in situ. These experiments showed that mussels survived in WWTP effluent and were also capable of extracting and integrating the protozoa present in the environment. Additional experiments were carried out to better understand the fate of parasites bioaccumulated by D. polymorpha as regards viability and infectivity. This work highlights the interest of Dreissena polymorpha as a tool for bioremediation of protozoa, particularly in wastewater treatment plant effluent
Mazet, Muriel. "Culture in vitro et caractérisation d'enzymes hydrogénosomales chez Histomonas meleagridis, protozoaire flagellé parasite de gallinacés." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718217.
Full textJi, Jingwei. "Etude physiologique et génétique de la sécrétion des pectate-lyases chez une bactérie phytopathogène : Erwinia Chrysanthemi." Lyon, INSA, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ISAL0008.
Full textGuevara, Espinoza Angel. "Trypanosoma cruzi : utilisation d'outils moléculaires pour le diagnostic de l'infection chagasique humaine, le suivi du traitement et l'analyse de la réponse immune." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10104.
Full textRauscher, Béatrice. "Contribution à l'étude de la fonction et du trafic des protéines de granules denses, GRA5 et GRA6 de Toxoplasma gondii." Lille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIL10123.
Full textAu cours de la première partie de ce travail, nous avons mis en évidence l'existence d'un polymorphisme de taille des protéines GRA5 et GRA6 chez différentes souches de toxoplasmes. Ce polymorphisme permet de répertorier les souches parasitaires dans les trois groupes génotypiques de Toxoplasma gondii. Dans un second temps, le développement de la manipulation génétique du toxoplasme, nous a permis d'aborder la fonction de la protéine GRA5 par l'invalidation de son gène. La mise en place d'un système de double sélection positive-négative a permis l'obtention d'un mutant nul GRA5 dans la souche RH. L'analyse du phénotype du mutant nul a mis en évidence que la protéine GRA5 est une protéine non essentielle pour les toxoplasmes de la souche RH. De plus, l'absence de son expression ne perturbe ni l'ultrastructure de la vacuole parasitophore, ni la virulence chez la souris, ni la multiplication intracellulaire du toxoplasme
Enfin, dans le cadre des études sur les mécanismes d'insertion membranaire post-sécrétoire des protéines GRA, la troisième partie de ce travail visait à appréhender l'étude du tropisme différentiel de GRA5 et GRA6 pour les membranes vacuolaires, par l'expression de protéines chimériques (GRA5-GRA6). Des lignées stables de toxoplasmes exprimant les protéines hybrides (échange des domaines N- et C- terminaux) fusionnées à leur extrémité C-terminale avec l'épitope du virus de l'influenza ont été obtenues. Les protéines chimériques N5T5C6-HA9, N6T5C5-HA9 et N6T5C6-HA9 se comportent comme des protéines membranaires dans la VP. L'analyse de leur trafic intravacuolaire, 10 minutes après l'invasion cellulaire, a révélé que seule, la protéine N6T5C6-HA9 se comporte comme GRA6 en transitant par la partie postérieure du parasite. Les protéines N5T5C6-HA9, N6T5C5-HA9 semblent se comporter comme la protéine RGA5. Ces résultats suggèrent l'intervention des domaines N-et C-terminaux de GRA6 lors de son accumulation postérieure dans la VP
Palka, Laurent. "Role des protozoaires bacteriophages du sol dans la mineralisation de l'azote en conditions gnotobiotiques." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF21150.
Full textHohweyer, Jeanne. "Contamination des mollusque bivalves et des végétaux par les protozoaires Cryptosporidium, Giardia et Toxoplasma." Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIMM203/document.
Full textFoodborne infections are a major public health problem and have a significant economic impact. Pathogens implicated in these outbreaks can be bacteria, viruses and parasites. Their impact on the consumer's health can be significant, depending on the immune status of the person and the pathogen source. Globalization has increased the risk of spreading of viable and virulent . The food at risk is mainly fresh food, eaten raw or undercooked, which has been widely irrigated by potentially contaminated waters during production. In this study, we have developed methods to extract and detect Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium and Giardia parasites from basil and raspberry with techniques able to detect the three parasites by qPCR. In this aim, we have developed a technique for the immuno-capture of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts using a monoclonal antibody directed against the oocyst wall. These protocols have been validated by interlaboratory trials with the participation of four laboratories involved in the same project. We have subsequently sought to better understand the real risks for consumers by undertaking a study of Reverse transcriptase PCR in parallel with in vivo, thus allowing to correlate the viability of parasites with their infectivity. This work contributes to a better control of health risks associated with food and presence of parasites, through a strategythat could be standardized and offered to industrial partners
Palka, Laurent. "Rôle des protozoaires bactériophages du sol dans la minéralisation de l'azote en conditions gnobiotiques." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37617299q.
Full textRoques, Magali. "Caracterisation moléculaire et fonctionnelle de la jonction mobile contrôlant l'invasion de la cellule hôte par Toxoplasma gondii." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20250/document.
Full textMolecular and functional characterisation of the moving junction controlling host cell invasion by Toxoplasma gondiiAbstract:Apicomplexa are eukaryotic parasites responsible for a variety of human and animal diseases, including malaria or toxoplasmosis. Most of them have an obligatory intracellular stage; thus, the invasive process is a crucial step in their developmental cycle. It implies the sequential secretion of two organelles: micronemes and rhoptries. During invasion, the parasite establishes a structure called the moving junction (MJ), which is a close apposition between the apical end and the plasma membrane of host cell. The MJ is an anchoring point for invasion that is initiated in Toxoplasma by the secretion of rhoptry neck proteins named TgRON2/RON4/RON5/RON8 (the RONs complex). These proteins are exported to the host cell cytoplasm and TgRON2 spans the host cell membrane. There, TgRON2 will function as a receptor to Apical Membrane antigen 1 (TgAMA1), which is a micronemal protein displayed on the surface of the parasite during the invasion process. The AMA1-RON2 interaction is conserved in Plasmodium but there is no interspecies cross-binding.We have determined the structure of a TgAMA1 recombinant protein in complex with a TgRON2 peptide, which allowed us to determine which residues are critical for the interaction between both proteins in vitro and for parasite invasion in vivo. Moreover, the co-structure explains at the structural level the evolutionary constraint of the AMA1-RON2 interaction. By generating an AMA1 null strain in T. gondii, we demonstrate that TgAMA1 is not an essential gene, as claimed before. We confirm the importance of AMA1 in invasion and its key role in MJ formation. AMA1 null parasites insert the RON complex into the host cell but are more frequently detached from it, causing abortive invasions. The residual invasion might involve proteins homologous to TgAMA1, TgRON2 and TgRON4, for which the molecular and functional characterization is undertaken.Keywords: Apicomplexes, Toxoplasma gondii, invasion, moving junction, micronemes, rhoptries
Durocher, Alicia. "Dynamique de la formation des corps multilamellaires et de l'enrobage de bactéries par différents protozoaires." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66435.
Full textMany protozoa, ubiquitous unicellular eukaryotes, are predators of bacteria. However, bacteria-protozoa relationships are complex and can lead to some particular interactions. Some protozoa, including the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, can produce multilamellar bodies (MLBs) upon digesting bacteria. These structures were initially identified as metabolic waste, but it has been suggested that they could have additional roles. Not all bacteria can be digested by all protozoa, and some digestion-resisting bacteria can be packaged into the fecal bodies produced by protozoa. These fecal bodies share similarities with MLBs. This master’s project was meant to shed a light on some aspects of bacteria-protozoa interactions, by characterizing the phagocytic pathway of some environmental social amoebae and by analyzing the impact of bacterial characteristics on the morphology of bacteria packaging. These objectives were met by cultivating the protozoa species of interest with either digestible bacteria (for MLB production) or undigestible bacteria (for packaging) and using diverse microscopy methods. Our results show that the four environmental isolates of social amoebae, belonging to the Dictyostelium genus but presenting distinct characteristics, can produce MLBs upon growth on digestible bacteria. As for the study of bacteria packaging morphology, results suggest that a bacteria’s surface hydrophobicity and cell size are the characteristics impacting packaging morphology the most. However, it is not excluded that other factors may intervene as well, including some not considered in this project. These results bring new understanding to bacteria protozoa relationships, but many questions remain. The development of more refined analysis method will be paramount to answering these.
Brotherton, Marie-Christine. "Études protéomiques chez le parasite protozoaire Leishmania." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29748/29748.pdf.
Full textCharles, Jean-Philippe. "Isolement et caractérisation d'un ADNc correspondant à une protéine cuticulaire majoritaire de l'élytre d'un coléoptère (Tenebrio molitor) : étude de l'effet de deux hormones de développement sur l'expression du gène." Dijon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992DIJOS038.
Full textGuillaume, Carole. "Inhibition du développement intraérythrocytaire in vitro de plasmodium falciparum par les phospholipases A2 sécrétées d'origine venineuse ou humaine : rôle des lipoprotéines plasmatiques." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MNHN0020.
Full textAs part of a general screening of animal toxins for antimalarial drugs, we discovered that secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2) had great inhibitory properties against Plasmodium falciparum, the malarial agent. These enzymes catalyse hydrolysis of a glycerophospholipid (GL) releasing a fatty acid and a lysophospholipid. Their IC50 can reach the 1 pM rate. The toxicity is not mediated by a direct interaction between the enzyme and the infected erythrocyte but from enzymatic hydrolysis of the culture medium GL carried by the lipoproteins (Lp). Generated lipids are obligatory actors of the anti-Plasmodium toxicity. Moreover oxidation of the hydrolysed Lp enhances its toxicity. Of the 9 human sPLA2 only the IIF, V and X kill the parasite. The X is the sole sPLA2 tested that is toxic in the absence of exogenously added GL and the V toxicity was higher upon hydrolysis of oxidized Lp. Our analyses raise the question of the potential role of the human sPLA2 in the innate response to malaria
Terzic, Vida. "Utilisation de la chimie "click" pour visualiser la pénétration de principes actifs dans les protozoaires parasites." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS190/document.
Full textThe discovery of new molecules with antiparasitic activity is crucial today to fight against infectious diseases such as malaria and HAT since no vaccine is available to cure these diseases. In our search for new antiparasitic compounds, we observed that activity improvement on an isolated target was not seen on parasite. We suspected an ineffective entry of the molecule into the cell to be one of the reasons for these uncorrelated results.To explore this possibility, this PhD work aimed to design, synthetize and evaluate new fluorescent probes that would allow the visualization of drug entry into parasites responsible for HAT and malaria.Our concept is based on “click” chemistry that can be achieved without catalyst, between an azide and a strained alkyne like cyclooctyne (Strain-Promoted Alkyne-Azide Cycloaddition).We synthetized derivatives of dibenzocyclooctynone, a fluorescent molecule described to undergo SPAAC reaction with azides, in order to obtain “on-on’” detection probes. Seven new fluorescent probes were therefore synthetized, among which three of them displayed adequate SPAAC kinetics. Photophysical properties of these molecules were characterized and their penetration into protozoan cells was demonstrated. Fluorescence was only observed in the parasitic cytosol.In cellulo azide detection was achieved and verified by LC- MS/MS with one of our probes.One out of the seven probes formed a fluorescent triazole adduct, which constitutes the first example of an « on-on’ » probe for this series and a real progress in bioorthogonal chemistry
Febvre, Jean. "Les acanthaires (protozoa, actinopoda) ultrastructures : mécanismes cellulaires d'un système primitif de motilité : le myonème." Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE4046.
Full textDavid-Henriet, Ordonezgiraldo Ana-Isabel. "Comportement sexuel chez eurycotis floridana (dictyoptera : blattidae). Rôle des phéromones sexuelles." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOS012.
Full textBesnard-Cochennec, Nathalie. "Bonamia ostreae, parasite de l'huître plate, Ostrea edulis : sa position taxonomique parmi les parasites du groupe "microcell" : analyses des interactions hôte-parasite chez plusieurs populations d'huître plates." La Rochelle, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LAROS073.
Full textLe, Bailly Matthieu Bouchet Françoise. "Evolution de la relation hôte/parasite dans le système lacustre nord alpins au Néolithique (3900-2900 BC), et nouvelles données dans la détection des paléoantigènes de Protozoa." [S.n.] : [S.l.], 2005. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000157.pdf.
Full textLe, Bailly Matthieu. "Evolution de la relation hôte/parasite dans le système lacustre nord alpins au Néolithique (3900-2900 BC), et nouvelles données dans la détection des paléoantigènes de Protozoa." Reims, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000157.pdf.
Full textPaleoparasitology is the research and the study of conserved parasitic remains in historical and pre historical archaeological samples. The first part of this work concerns the study of samples tough from six different middle and final Neolithic lakeside settlements, between 3900 and 2900 BC, from Switzerland and Germany. During this thousand year's period, variations of the parasitosis number, and fluctuations of each parasite are observed. Many possibilities are discussed to explain those observations: cultural and diet changes, population increase. But those variations seem to be highly linked to the climatic and economic crash that happens during this period. The second part of the thesis aims to develop and standardize the use of immunological techniques for the detection of Protozoa paleoantigens in ancient materials. Immunology has been used for the research of two human intestinal parasitic Protozoa of medical importance: Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia intestinalis. The utilisation of ELISA technique and immunofluorescence permitted to prove the efficacy of such methods. The results raise many questions on the detection potential of immunological techniques, but also on the antigens conservation and the role of taphonomic process on the loss of antigenic signal. The presence, in the New World, of positive samples only dated after the European colonization raise the question of the importance of colonists in the importation and the transmission of parasitosis from the Old to the New World. All the data accumulated permit to complete the parasitological references for each period studied, but also, allow enriching the knowledge concerning the evolution of the parasitic diseases through the time. Those results open new perspectives to the Paleoparasitology as well in the detection of new parasites species, as in the ways of research
Tran, Thi Thuy Tien. "Protozooses intestinales et leur retentissement nutritionnel." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P140.
Full textSpalenka, Jérémy. "PROTOSCREEN - Screening et identification de molécules actives sur Toxoplasma gondii et autres protozoaires d’intérêt médical et vétérinaire." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMM204/document.
Full textToxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Plasmodium falciparum are mandatory intracellular protozoan parasites and are responsible for toxoplasmosis, neosporosis and malaria, respectively. The different treatments used are based on drug combination. However therapeutic failures and drug resistances have been described. Our work focused on the identification of active compounds isolated by Centrifugal Partition Chromatography (CPC) from crude barks extracts from Anogeissus leiocarpus, a West African tree known for its antimalarial activity, and ten trees from the Champagne-Ardenne region. First we studied the activity of the fractions obtained from the crude bark extract from A. leiocarpus. Trachelosperogenin E and the global extract without tannin showed a good activity by inhibiting host cell invasion by T. gondii. The latter was able to preserve mice survival toward chronic toxoplasmosis. These extracts were also active on N. caninum and P. falciparum. In a second part 30 crude barks extracts from ten trees located in the Champagne-Ardenne region were screened on T. gondii and N. caninum. Compounds responsible for the antiparasitic activity found in Alnus glutinosa were especially betulin and its derivatives. In the last part of this study we focused on the antiparasitic activity of 400 synthetic molecules from the Pathogen Box. Eight out of them were significantly efficient against T. gondii, among which three showed an important selectivity. Further experiments must be completed in the case of N. caninum
Pomel, Sébastien. "Squelette membranaire chez Paramecium tetraurelia : caractérisation d'une nouvelle famille multigénique et analyse par les approches GFP et RNAi." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00686966.
Full textOlivier-Lefol, Chrystel. "Etude des systèmes de reconnaissance entre le MLO (mycoplasma-like-organism) de la Flavescence dorée de la vigne et une cicadelle vectrice Euscelidus variegatus kirschbaum." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOS014.
Full textBEN, SALAH MOHAMMED. "Comparaison entre les etats defaunes, monofaunes (isotricha) et conventionnels du rumen de mouton; contribution a l'etude des interactions protozoaires-bacteries." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CLF21614.
Full textSekkat, Najoua. "Contribution à l'étude de l'écotoxicité de produits purs et en mélanges complexes par le bioessai protozoaire Colpidium campylum." Rouen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ROUES018.
Full textRousseau, Angélique. "Méthodes de caractérisation de la viabilité et l'infectiosité des protozoaires Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium spp et Giardia duodenalis et applications aux matrices alimentaires." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS038/document.
Full textIn the latest report from EFSA-ECDC (EFSA Journal 2014), parasites are ranked in the 8th position of the etiological agents involved in foodborne outbreaks reported in Europe in 2012. Moreover, in a recent report from the WHO and FAO (2014), Toxoplasma gondii is designated as the first protozoan parasite to be considered in the food domain, followed by Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis. Oocysts of T. gondii and Cryptosporidium spp., and cysts of G. duodenalis are excreted in big quantity by infected hosts and are particularly resistant. Consequently they can be found in the environment during long period and contaminate food matrices (vegetables and molluscs) during primary production. For now, since there are no standard methods to detect these 3 parasites in food samples, only few occurrence data are available and foodborne outbreaks remain neglected. To fill this gap, an ISO standard which describes a method for the detection and quantification of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in green leafy vegetables and red berries fruit by fluorescence microscopy is being draft (ISO 18744). Molecular approaches which are more suitable for routine analyses were developed by ACTALIA and PROTAL to simultaneously detect the 3 parasites in vegetable matrices (Protofood, ANR-09-ALIA-009). Nevertheless, whatever the used detection method, it highlights alive and dead parasites. But solely a living parasite can be infectious and induce pathology. For the moment, animal models are the favorite method to quantitatively evaluate infectivity with accuracy and sensitivity. However they are costly, heavy to implement and display a long time-to-result (from days to weeks) which does not fit with the agro-industrial needs. The objective of the thesis is to develop molecular methods to characterize the viability of the three protozoa in food matrices in order to have a tool allowing risk assessment in food safety. These methods will be compared to infectivity measurement methods. Then they will be implemented to evaluate their potential to determine the efficiency of technological treatments to inactivate protozoa in food matrices
Huppé, Vicky. "Analyse de l'eau de sources naturelles en régions éloignées et étude de gènes conservés dans l'évolution des parasites protozoaires retrouvés dans l'eau." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26419/26419.pdf.
Full textDenantes-Verdier, Isabelle. "Etude des potentialités industrielles de Tetrahymena thermophila BIII : production en masse et contribution à la caractérisation de l'activité protéasique." Lille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL10113.
Full textAudemard, Corinne. "Stratégie d'utilisation de différentes espèces animales par le parasite Marteilia refringens pour assurer son cycle biologique." Perpignan, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2001PERP0439.
Full textDuring the last three decades, French flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, production has dramatically decreased from 30 000 tons/year in 1960 to 1 500 tons nowadays. Marteilia refringens, parasite of the digestive gland is partly responsible of the decrease. Management of risk contamination in endemic zone necessitates the knowledge of M. Refringens life cycle. Previous studies postulated the involvement of several species in the parasite life cyle, however, this was not demonstrated
Wassia, Tona. "Epidémiologie des protozooses et des helminthoses intestinales dans un nouveau quartier de la ville de N'Gaoundere au Cameroun." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2M053.
Full textLevrat, Pascale. "Contribution à l'étude des interactions entre protozoaires et microflore du sol : effet d'une amibe bactériophage Acanthamoeba catellanii sur le métabolisme de Pseudomonas fluorescents." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10048.
Full textSime, Ngando Télesphore. "Contribution a l'etude des protozoaires cilies de differents lacs : varaiabilites spatio-temporelles saisonnieres et nycthemerales et relations avec les ressources microbiennes du milieu." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CLF21339.
Full textRochette, Annie. "Étude globale des gènes différemment exprimés entre les différents stades de vie et espèces du parasite Leishmania à l'aide d'approches génomiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25335/25335.pdf.
Full textLeriche, Marie-Anne. "Caractérisation du contenu protéique des rhoptries et des granulés denses du tachyzoi͏̈te de Toxoplasma gondii." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20207.
Full textSteinberg, Christian. "Dynamique d'une population bactérienne introduite dans le sol : régulation par les protozoaires et modélisation mathématique de la relation de prédation Bradyrhizobium japonicum - amibes indigènes." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10132.
Full textSteinberg, Christian. "Dynamique d'une population bactérienne introduite dans le sol régulation par les protozoaires et modélisation mathématique de la relation de prédation, Bradyrhizobium japonicum-amibes indigènes /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37610075g.
Full textLe, Cadre Valérie. "Impact de stress naturels et de polluants sur la morphologie et la cytologie des foraminifères en culture : implications pour leur utilisation comme biomarqueurs." Angers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ANGE0005.
Full textThe aim of this work is to determine the effects of natural and anthropic stress on foraminifers in culture for use them as bioindicator of marine environment quality
Hauzy, Céline. "Comportements de dispersion et propriétés des métacommunautés proie-prédateur : approches théoriques et expérimentales." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066336.
Full textLantier, Louis. "Les cellules dendritiques CD103+ intestinales : maîtres d'oeuvres du contrôle naturel de la cryptosporidiose et cibles de choix pour l'immunostimulation protectrice contre la maladie." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR4051.
Full textAt birth, the neonatal immune system is still developing. In the first part of the thesis we investigated the characteristics of the intestinal immune system of neonates that lead to their greater susceptibility to infection by Cryptosporidium parvum. This protozoan is an excellent model for studying mucosal immune responses. Indeed, its development is restricted to the intestinal epithelium and is strictly related to the immune status of its host which explains the particular susceptibility of neonates and immunocompromised to this zoonotic agent. We have demonstrated that CD103+ dendritic cells (DC) are essential for the control of the acute phase of infection and their low representation in the ileal lamina propria of neonates was responsible for their higher susceptibility to infection. We have accurately identified the CXCR3-dependent mechanism for the recruitment of DC CD1O3+ in the infected mucosa and their ability to produce IL -12 and IFNdz, two major cytokines involved in the mechanism of protection. The second part of this work was to use an immunostimulatory strategy based on administration of TLR ligands that can strongly activate neonatal DC of the intestine. This approach allows a fast and highly effective control of an ongoing C. parvum infection