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Journal articles on the topic 'Protozoan parasites'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Abbas, Hussam Abdullah. "Epidemiological study of human diarrhea- causing protozoa in Wasit governorate." E3S Web of Conferences 391 (2023): 01127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339101127.

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The study and Laboratory examinations were performed between (January 2021 and April 2021). We conducted an epidemiological study of intestinal protozoa parasites in the Wasit governorate. The number of samples that collected 500 stool samples in the city center of Kut and Numaniah city. Samples were collected by container from both sexes male and female have the symptom of the infected protozoan parasite, and examined by microscopy with a wet smear method, use a light microscope to detect these protozoan parasites morphologically . We recorded the highest percentage of protozoan parasite infe

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SCHAUMBURG, F., D. HIPPE, P. VUTOVA, and C. G. K. LÜDER. "Pro- and anti-apoptotic activities of protozoan parasites." Parasitology 132, S1 (2006): S69—S85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182006000874.

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During infection, programmed cell death, i.e. apoptosis, is an important effector mechanism of innate and adaptive host responses to parasites. In addition, it fulfils essential functions in regulating host immunity and tissue homeostasis. Not surprisingly, however, adaptation of parasitic protozoa to their hosts also involves modulation or even exploitation of cell death in order to facilitate parasite survival in a hostile environment. During recent years, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of apoptosis during parasitic infections and there is now convincing evidence th

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3

Ndiaye, Mouhamadou, Khadim Diongue, Mame Cheikh Seck, et al. "Retrospective Assessment of The Intestinal Protozoan Distribution in Patients Admitted to The Hospital Aristide Le Dantec in Dakar, Senegal, from 2011 to 2020." Parasitologia 3, no. 1 (2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/parasitologia3010001.

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Infectious parasites, especially the intestinal protozoan parasites, continue to be a major public health problem in Africa, where many of the same factors contribute to the transmission of these parasites. This study was conducted to investigate the parasites causing intestinal protozoal infections diagnosed in Aristide Le Dantec hospital (Senegal). Direct examination and the Ritchie technique were used. Among the 3407 stool samples studied, 645 demonstrated the presence of intestinal protozoa in single parasitism, biparasitism, or polyparasitism, representing a prevalence of 18.93%. Out of a

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EIRAS, JORGE C., RICARDO M. TAKEMOTO, GILBERTO C. PAVANELLI, and JOSÉ L. LUQUE. "Checklist of Protozoan parasites of fishes from Brazil." Zootaxa 3221, no. 1 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3221.1.1.

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Provided is a list of the protozoan parasites of freshwater and marine fishes from Brazil. This report includes informationabout the site of infection, host habitat, localities and references of 100 parasite species (1 amoeba, 70 flagellates, 13 api-complexa and 16 ciliates) distributed among 112 different host species, mainly from freshwater. It is concluded that thediversity of protozoan parasites from Brazilian fish is understudied, and it is suggested that appropriate measures be taken in the research efforts to increase studies on the diversity of Protozoans parasites of fish from Brazil.

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Omeji, S., S. G. Solomon, and E. S. Idoga. "A Comparative Study of the Common Protozoan Parasites ofClarias gariepinusfrom the Wild and Cultured Environments in Benue State, Nigeria." Journal of Parasitology Research 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/916489.

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A total of one hundred and twentyClarias gariepinuscomprising 30 dead and 30 live fishes were examined for protozoan parasites infestation, sixty each from the wild and a pond (cultured environment) over a period of six months.Ichthyophthirius multifiliiswas the most common protozoan parasites found inC. gariepinusfrom the wild (River Benue) and cultured (pond) environments. These protozoan parasites constitute 37.08% of the total parasites encountered for fishes in the pond and 42.51% of fishes in the wild. Among the body parts of the sampled fishes from the pond, the gills had the highest pa

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6

Visvesvara, Govinda S., and Lynne S. Garcia. "Culture of Protozoan Parasites." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 15, no. 3 (2002): 327–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.15.3.327-328.2002.

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SUMMARY The in vitro culture of protozoan parasites involves highly complex procedures, which are subject to many variables. These parasites have very complex life cycles and, depending on the life cycle stage, may require different culture parameters. However, in vitro cultivation is important for many reasons, some of which include: diagnosis, antigen and antibody production, assessment of parasite immune modulating capabilities, drug screening, improvements in chemotherapy, differentiation of clinical isolates, determination of strain differences, vaccine production, development of attenuat

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Martins, Mauricio Laterça, Lucas Cardoso, Natalia Marchiori, and Santiago Benites de Pádua. "Protozoan infections in farmed fish from Brazil: diagnosis and pathogenesis." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 24, no. 1 (2015): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612015013.

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The Phylum Protozoa brings together several organisms evolutionarily different that may act as ecto or endoparasites of fishes over the world being responsible for diseases, which, in turn, may lead to economical and social impacts in different countries. Apart from the recent advances for the diagnosis of fish diseases in Brazil, little is known on the protozoan parasites and their relationship with environment and host. This revision presents the most important protozoan parasites found in farmed fish from Brazil, not only with emphasis on its diagnosis, biology, transmission and host-parasi

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8

Kabita, Fatima Nahar, Md Aminul Islam Bhuiyan, and Zannatun Nahar Jhinu. "A Checklist on the Protozoan Parasites of Freshwater Fishes of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 48, no. 1 (2020): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v48i1.47873.

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The current work has been proposed to accumulate baseline information regarding prevalence, diversity and distribution of the protozoan parasites found in the freshwater fishes of Bangladesh from its inception to 2019. This is an attempt to compile a baseline data on protozoan parasites of freshwater fishes in Bangladesh. A total of thirty four articles were reviewed whereas sixteen articles reported systematic, taxonomic and morphometric analysis of protozoan parasites, five articles described seasonal parasitic infestation in carp fishes including protozoan parasites, seven articles reported

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9

Silva, Liliana M. R., Tamara Muñoz-Caro, Rafael A. Burgos, Maria A. Hidalgo, Anja Taubert, and Carlos Hermosilla. "Far beyond Phagocytosis: Phagocyte-Derived Extracellular Traps Act Efficiently against Protozoan ParasitesIn VitroandIn Vivo." Mediators of Inflammation 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5898074.

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Professional mononuclear phagocytes such as polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), monocytes, and macrophages are considered as the first line of defence against invasive pathogens. The formation of extracellular traps (ETs) by activated mononuclear phagocytes is meanwhile well accepted as an effector mechanism of the early host innate immune response acting against microbial infections. Recent investigations showed evidence that ETosis is a widely spread effector mechanism in vertebrates and invertebrates being utilized to entrap and kill bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoan parasites. ETs a

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Karim, Mt Tahmina, Hamida Khanum, and Sharmin Musa. "Occurrence of enteric parasites and their risk factors among the female inhabitants of lower socioeconomic groups in Dhaka city." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 4, no. 4 (2018): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v4i4.40106.

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The present study was conducted to investigate the intestinal parasites. A total of 900 female inhabitants of lower socioeconomic groups in Dhaka city were examined during Sep 2013 to Aug 2015, prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infestation was 66.22% and 26 parasite species were identified, of which ten species were protozoans, six cestodes, four trematodes and six nematodes. Prevalence of nematoda was the highest (57.55%), then cestode (38.67%), protozoa (19.22%) and lowest was found in trematode (4.11%). Entamoeba histolytica (10.44%) indicates severe faecal contamination among protoz

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Custodio, H. "Protozoan Parasites." Pediatrics in Review 37, no. 2 (2016): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.2015-0006.

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12

Suwanti, Lucia Tri. "IDENTIFICATION AND PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES IN BEEF CATTLE IN SIAK SRI INDRAPURA, RIAU, INDONESIA." Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease 7, no. 6 (2019): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v7i6.10392.

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Gastrointestinal (GI) parasites infection are one of the major constraints cattle farm in tropical countries including Indonesia and some of GI parasites in cattle have the potential to transmit to humans. This study was aimed to identify and determine the level of prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in beef cattle in Siak Sri Indrapura District, Riau Province, Indonesia. This research was conducted on 100 beef cattle consisted of, respectively, 32, 34 and 34 cattles from Bungaraya, Sabak Auh, and Dayun sub-district. The characteristic of sample such as age and sex cattle, cage manag

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13

Deng, Silu, Marion L. Graham, and Xian-Ming Chen. "The Complexity of Interferon Signaling in Host Defense against Protozoan Parasite Infection." Pathogens 12, no. 2 (2023): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12020319.

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Protozoan parasites, such as Plasmodium, Leishmania, Toxoplasma, Cryptosporidium, and Trypanosoma, are causative agents of health-threatening diseases in both humans and animals, leading to significant health risks and socioeconomic losses globally. The development of effective therapeutic and prevention strategies for protozoan-caused diseases requires a full understanding of the pathogenesis and protective events occurring in infected hosts. Interferons (IFNs) are a family of cytokines with diverse biological effects in host antimicrobial defense and disease pathogenesis, including protozoan

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14

Gupta, M., M. Sinha, and N. Raizada. "Opportunistic Intestinal Protozoan Parasitic Infection in HIV Positive Patient in Jamnagar, Gujarat." SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS 5, no. 1 (2010): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v5i1.3079.

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The case definition of AIDS encompasses a spectrum of infections and malignancies, labelled as opportunistic infections. In recent years, numerous studies have outlined the emergence of opportunistic gastrointestinal protozoa that have caused diarrhoeal illness among HIV - AIDS patients. Purpose of present study was to determine the prevalence of opportunistic intestinal protozoal parasites in HIV positive patients with or without diarrhoea. A total of 100 stool samples of HIV positive patients were examined for protozoal parasites by microscopy. Protozoal parasites were detected in 25 HIV pos

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15

Belov, YU A., T. V. Tabakaeva, D. V. Pankratov, et al. "Endoparasites of wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Primorsky Krai, Russia." Helminthologia 59, no. 2 (2022): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/helm-2022-0018.

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Summary This study identified helminthic species among wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Primorsky Krai, Russia. In total, 66 fecal samples were taken from wild boars and examined using the floatation-sedimentation method to identify helminths eggs and protozoan cysts. Age and sex were estimated for each host animal investigated. The helminthic fauna of the wild boars examined involved six parasite genera, but 4 are helminths and 2 are protozoans: the nematodes Metastrongylus spp., Trichuris suis, Capillaria sp. and Ascaris suum; and the protozoan parasites Eimeria sp. and Cystoisospora suis. The mos

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Blazhekovikj - Dimovska, Dijana. "PROTOZOAN PARASITES IN COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO, L. 1758) FROM CYPRINID AQUACULTURE FACILITY IN PELAGONIA REGION (BITOLA, MACEDONIA)." Knowledge International Journal 31, no. 3 (2019): 675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3103675b.

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The aim of this study was to determine the protozoan parasites in common carp (Cyprinus carpio, L. 1758) from the largest cyprinid aquaculture facility in Macedonia, located in Pelagonia region (Bitola). This study was carried out by seasons, in a period of three years. A total of 212 specimens of common carp were examined and 134 fish (63.20%) were infected with protozoan parasites. Representatives of Protozoa were most commonly occurred during the spring (in 58.27 % of the fish examined), than in winter (55.21 %), summer (39.07 %) and the lowest in autumn (35.64 %).In common carp from this c

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Tarannum, Asfiha, Cristian Camilo Rodríguez-Almonacid, Jorge Salazar-Bravo, and Zemfira N. Karamysheva. "Molecular Mechanisms of Persistence in Protozoan Parasites." Microorganisms 11, no. 9 (2023): 2248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092248.

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Protozoan parasites are known for their remarkable capacity to persist within the bodies of vertebrate hosts, which frequently results in prolonged infections and the recurrence of diseases. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie the event of persistence is of paramount significance to develop innovative therapeutic approaches, given that these pathways still need to be thoroughly elucidated. The present article provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in the investigation of protozoan persistence in vertebrate hosts. The focus is primarily on the function of

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18

Marshall, M. M., D. Naumovitz, Y. Ortega, and C. R. Sterling. "Waterborne protozoan pathogens." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 10, no. 1 (1997): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.10.1.67.

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Protozoan parasites were the most frequently identified etiologic agents in waterborne disease outbreak from 1991 to 1994. The waterborne parasites Giardia lamblia, Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba spp., Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium parvum, Cyclospora cayetanesis, Isospora belli, and the microsporidia are reviewed. For each parasite, the review includes history, life cycle, incidence, symptoms, and therapy. Clinical detection methods are compared, and emerging technologies are discussed. Information on the association of these parasites with waterborne outbreaks is reviewed. Current i

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Chinedu, Azudialu Bede, Nkem Benjamin Iheanyichukwu, Calistus Muodebe Nwokeji, and Nnadozie R. I. Austine. "Intestinal Protozoans among HIV Patients in a Rural Setting, Southern Nigeria." Journal of Disease and Global Health 16, no. 3 (2023): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/jodagh/2023/v16i38504.

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Opportunistic parasitic protozoan infections in HIV infected patients remain a worldwide public health concern. A cross sectional study on HIV patients was carried out in some parts of Imo State with a view of assessing the prevalence of intestinal protozoan parasites. Stool samples were collected and analysed applying standard techniques. Overall, four species of protozoan parasites were isolated namely, C.parvum, E.histolytica, G.lamblia and Ent. coli. Total prevalence is highest (52.2%) amongst the age group of ≤27 years, followed by 45-48years(27.8%) while the least prevalence(11.8%) is re

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Barzegar, Maryam, Mehdi Raissy, and Shokoofeh Shamsi. "Protozoan Parasites of Iranian Freshwater Fishes: Review, Composition, Classification, and Modeling Distribution." Pathogens 12, no. 5 (2023): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12050651.

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This article investigates the occurrence and distribution of parasitic protozoa of Iranian freshwater fishes (both farmed and wild). Our search shows 26 known parasitic protozoan species were recorded from 52 freshwater fish species across different ecoregions of Iran. Most of these fish are edible. While none of the identified protozoan parasites are of zoonotic importance, our study does not exclude presence of zoonotic species in Iranian fishes. Present data suggest the northern and western regions of the country are the main macrohabitat of protozoa (35 parasitic records reported), with th

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Jha, Bina, Ranjana Gupta, Janak Raj Subedi, and Bijay Chhetri. "Gastrointestinal parasites of feral pigeon (Columba livia Gmelin, 1789) at two temples of Kathmandu valley." Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine 8, no. 2 (2023): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/jasvm2022.330.

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Protozoans, helminths and other gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic infections in Aves are an imperative but often ignored topic in rising nations like Nepal. Accurate inspections of GI parasites in feral pigeons inform pragmatic treatment regimens. In a prospective examination of intestinal parasites in the coprological study of feral pigeons in April 2016, a total of 120 samples were preserved in 2.5% potassium dichromate and examined by microscopy of direct and concentrated faecal sample techniques to detect ova, larvae, and oocysts of parasites. Altogether 109 (90.83%) samples were positive wi

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Shoda, Lisl K. M., Kimberly A. Kegerreis, Carlos E. Suarez, et al. "DNA from Protozoan Parasites Babesia bovis, Trypanosoma cruzi, and T. brucei Is Mitogenic for B Lymphocytes and Stimulates Macrophage Expression of Interleukin-12, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, and Nitric Oxide." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 4 (2001): 2162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.4.2162-2171.2001.

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ABSTRACT The activation of innate immune responses by genomic DNA from bacteria and several nonvertebrate organisms represents a novel mechanism of pathogen recognition. We recently demonstrated the CpG-dependent mitogenic activity of DNA from the protozoan parasiteBabesia bovis for bovine B lymphocytes (W. C. Brown, D. M. Estes, S. E. Chantler, K. A. Kegerreis, and C. E. Suarez, Infect. Immun. 66:5423–5432, 1998). However, activation of macrophages by DNA from protozoan parasites has not been demonstrated. The present study was therefore conducted to determine whether DNA from the protozan pa

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Amezcua Vesely, María C., Daniela A. Bermejo, Carolina L. Montes, Eva V. Acosta-Rodríguez, and Adriana Gruppi. "B-Cell Response during Protozoan Parasite Infections." Journal of Parasitology Research 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/362131.

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In this review, we discuss how protozoan parasites alter immature and mature B cell compartment. B1 and marginal zone (MZ) B cells, considered innate like B cells, are activated during protozoan parasite infections, and they generate short lived plasma cells providing a prompt antibody source. In addition, protozoan infections induce massive B cell response with polyclonal activation that leads to hypergammaglobulnemia with serum antibodies specific for the parasites and self and/or non related antigens. To protect themselves, the parasites have evolved unique ways to evade B cell immune respo

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Mhaisen, F. T., A. H. Ali, and N. R. Khamees. "Checklists of Protozoans and Myxozoans of Freshwater and Marine Fishes of Basrah Province, Iraq." Mesopotamian Journal of Marine Sciences 31, no. 1 (2022): 29–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.58629/mjms.v31i1.108.

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Reviewing the literature on all the protozoans and myxozoans parasitizing freshwater and marine fishes of Basrah Province, Iraq indicated the presence of 25 protozoans (one sarcodinid, six mastigophorans, one opalinid, four epicomplexans and 13 ciliophorans) as well as ten myxozoans. Some of these parasites infect skin, fins and gills of their hosts while others are internal parasites of fish muscles, body cavity and different body viscera. Apart from one taxon which was recorded from a marine locality, the remaining taxa were recorded from freshwater localities. The total number of protozoan

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ALGAILANY, Maryam, Sanaa ALHADIDI, and Abdul-Lateef MOLAN. "Iraqi household cockroaches collected from Diyala Province are potential vectors of medically-important parasites." Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 18 (December 22, 2023): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/technium.v18i.10294.

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Household cockroaches constitute a significant public health threat due to their capacity of transmitting medically-important parasites and other pathogens. The role of Iraqi household cockroaches as potential vectors of medically-important parasites was evaluated in the present study. Fifty cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) were collected from different dwelling places of Baquba City, Diyala Province during the period from October to December 2022. The contents of their guts and external body surfaces were examined for the presence of medically-important parasites. The overall prevalence ra

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Dawson, David. "Foodborne protozoan parasites." International Journal of Food Microbiology 103, no. 2 (2005): 207–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.12.032.

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Kelsen, Anne, Robyn S. Kent, Anne K. Snyder, et al. "MyosinA is a druggable target in the widespread protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii." PLOS Biology 21, no. 5 (2023): e3002110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002110.

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Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread apicomplexan parasite that can cause severe disease in its human hosts. The ability of T. gondii and other apicomplexan parasites to invade into, egress from, and move between cells of the hosts they infect is critical to parasite virulence and disease progression. An unusual and highly conserved parasite myosin motor (TgMyoA) plays a central role in T. gondii motility. The goal of this work was to determine whether the parasite’s motility and lytic cycle can be disrupted through pharmacological inhibition of TgMyoA, as an approach to altering disease progress

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Saunders, Eleanor, David De Souza, James McRae, Vladimir Likic, and Malcolm McConville. "Metabolomic analysis of protozoan parasites." Microbiology Australia 32, no. 4 (2011): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma11144.

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Protozoan parasites cause a number of important diseases in humans, including malaria, African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease and the leishmaniases. Current therapeutics for these diseases are limited and their effectiveness is being further undermined by the emergence of drug-resistant parasite strains. Parasite genome sequencing projects have provided new insights into the metabolic capacity of these pathogens and have highlighted potential drug targets. However, these genome-based reconstructions of metabolic networks are incomplete and we still have only a limited understanding of the met

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Lauri, Natalia, Zaher Bazzi, Cora L. Alvarez, et al. "ATPe Dynamics in Protozoan Parasites. Adapt or Perish." Genes 10, no. 1 (2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10010016.

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In most animals, transient increases of extracellular ATP (ATPe) are used for physiological signaling or as a danger signal in pathological conditions. ATPe dynamics are controlled by ATP release from viable cells and cell lysis, ATPe degradation and interconversion by ecto-nucleotidases, and interaction of ATPe and byproducts with cell surface purinergic receptors and purine salvage mechanisms. Infection by protozoan parasites may alter at least one of the mechanisms controlling ATPe concentration. Protozoan parasites display their own set of proteins directly altering ATPe dynamics, or contr

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Jimenez, Veronica, and Sebastian Mesones. "Down the membrane hole: Ion channels in protozoan parasites." PLOS Pathogens 18, no. 12 (2022): e1011004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011004.

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Parasitic diseases caused by protozoans are highly prevalent around the world, disproportionally affecting developing countries, where coinfection with other microorganisms is common. Control and treatment of parasitic infections are constrained by the lack of specific and effective drugs, plus the rapid emergence of resistance. Ion channels are main drug targets for numerous diseases, but their potential against protozoan parasites is still untapped. Ion channels are membrane proteins expressed in all types of cells, allowing for the flow of ions between compartments, and regulating cellular

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Sadguru, Prakash. "PROTOZOAN PARASITES OF FISHES FROM CHITTORGARH RESERVOIR, BALRAMPUR DISTRICT (U.P.)." International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences 6, no. 3 (2021): 110–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4958922.

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The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence, intensity and density of protozoan parasites of freshwater catfishes. Total four species of protozoan parasites were collected from 294 fishes. Out of four, three were ectoparasites and remaining one was endoparasite. Among the ectoparasites, Ichthyoptherius is the most prevalent parasites followed by Trichodina and Myxobolus. Among the infected fishes, Wallago attu (37.80%) harbored maximum number of ectoparasites followed by Clarius batrachus (33.78%), Heteropneustes fossilis (32.86%), and Mystus vittatus (26.47%). In the present in

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Abd AL-Khaliq, Israa Mohammad. "Review Article Blastocystosis." AL-Kindy College Medical Journal 15, no. 1 (2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v15i1.63.

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Blastocystosis is symptomatic infection caused by the protozoal parasite Blastocystis , which resides in the intestinal tract of its hosts and it is one of the most common parasites reported in humans. It’s prevalence ranges between (30 - 50%) of the population in developing countries. This genus has a worldwide distribution and often the most commonly reported human intestinal protozoan in children and adults, even infect infants

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Karpiyevich, Maryia, and Katerina Artavanis-Tsakonas. "Ubiquitin-Like Modifiers: Emerging Regulators of Protozoan Parasites." Biomolecules 10, no. 10 (2020): 1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10101403.

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Post-translational protein regulation allows for fine-tuning of cellular functions and involves a wide range of modifications, including ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifiers (Ubls). The dynamic balance of Ubl conjugation and removal shapes the fates of target substrates, in turn modulating various cellular processes. The mechanistic aspects of Ubl pathways and their biological roles have been largely established in yeast, plants, and mammalian cells. However, these modifiers may be utilised differently in highly specialised and divergent organisms, such as parasitic protozoa. In this review,

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Nabi, Saghar, Amir Ali Haji Seyed Javadi, Mahdi Vahid Balan, and Seyed Razi Bahavarnia. "The Effect of Tylosin Drug on Cryptosporidiosis in Stray Dogs of Tabriz and Its Importance in Public Health." International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences 2, no. 4 (2021): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijmpes.2021.27.

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Introduction: Intestinal protozoa of dogs have a relatively high diversity, and the prevalence of infection is often observed sub-clinically and sometimes clinically. Different species of Cryptosporidium are observed in the dog’s intestines. Due to the importance of pathogenicity of gastrointestinal protozoan parasites in dogs and also their zoonotic importance, this study was conducted on stray dogs in Tabriz. Methods: During this study, two hundred stool samples of stray dogs from different regions of Tabriz were prepared and examined microscopically for parasitology. The samples were tested

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Howells, R. E. "The modes of action of some anti-protozoal drugs." Parasitology 90, no. 4 (1985): 687–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000052318.

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In spite of the continuing need for new and improved anti-protozoal drugs for use in man, a considerable contraction of industrially based research on anti-protozoal drugs has occurred in recent years. Newton (1983) reviewed the reasons for this decline and presented a compelling argument that fundamental research on the biology of the parasites is essential for the discovery of leads for the development of a new generation of drugs – a rational chemotherapy. The rapid advance in knowledge of the biochemistry of parasitic protozoa which has occurred in recent years has provided a number of pot

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Onyeabor, A., D. N. Onunkwo, I. G. Edward, and H. Uzoka. "The Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Protozoa Infection in Pigs in Umuahia South, Abia State Nigeria." International Journal of Environmental and Agriculture Research 11, no. 2 (2025): 63–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14936688.

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Pig production plays a major role in boosting the economy in most regions of the world by serving as a source of income and satisfying the growing demand for livestock and livestock products. However, the challenges affecting pig production are enormous, such as gastrointestinal parasitism in the form of protozoan infection, which often is not diagnosed early until damage is done, reducing economic gains and resulting in losses. A cross-sectional study of six small-scale pig farms in Umuahia South LGA, with the objective of determining the prevalence of gastrointestinal protozoans of the pigs

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Gomes-Gonçalves, Sara, Sérgio Santos-Silva, Andreia V. S. Cruz, et al. "A Thorny Tale of Parasites: Screening for Enteric Protozoan Parasites in Hedgehogs from Portugal." Animals 14, no. 2 (2024): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14020326.

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Enteric protozoan parasites, such as Blastocystis sp., Balantioides coli, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia duodenalis, may have implications for both animal and human health.Transmitted through the fecal–oral route, these parasites cause symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. This study investigated the presence of these enteric protozoan parasites and genetically characterized them in hedgehogs from Portugal. A total of 110 hedgehog stool samples were collected. Molecular detection methods showed an overall occurrence of protozoa in 1.82% (2/110 95% CI: 0.22–6.41) of hed

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OLIVEIRA, Raylene Andrade, Rodrigo GURGEL-GONÇALVES, and Eleuza Rodrigues MACHADO. "Intestinal parasites in two indigenous ethnic groups in northwestern Amazonia." Acta Amazonica 46, no. 3 (2016): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201505883.

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ABSTRACT Approximately 90% of the population in the northwestern Amazonia is composed of indigenous people and their healthcare is still a challenge. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of parasites in two indigenous ethnic groups (Baré and Baniwa) in northwestern Amazonia. Stool samples from 270 individuals (199 Baniwa and 71 Baré) were analyzed using Richie's method and the spontaneous sedimentation method. Statistical differences among the proportions of infected individuals based on gender, age, and ethnicity were determined. All individuals were infected by protozoa

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de Koning, Harry P. "Drug resistance in protozoan parasites." Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 1, no. 6 (2017): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/etls20170113.

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As with all other anti-infectives (antibiotics, anti-viral drugs, and anthelminthics), the limited arsenal of anti-protozoal drugs is being depleted by a combination of two factors: increasing drug resistance and the failure to replace old and often shamefully inadequate drugs, including those compromised by (cross)-resistance, through the development of new anti-parasitics. Both factors are equally to blame: a leaking bathtub may have plenty of water if the tap is left open; if not, it will soon be empty. Here, I will reflect on the factors that contribute to the drug resistance emergency tha

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Alyasiri, Ali Jawad, and Mohammed Qasim Waheeb. "Global overview of Leishmania virulence factors, and the role of GP63 in promastigotes." Science Archives 03, no. 02 (2022): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47587/sa.2022.3208.

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Protozoa parasites of the genus Leishmania have a great ability to avoid damage in the hostile environments they encounter throughout their life cycle within the host’s body. Parasites have developed many virulence factors to ensure their persistence and replication within the host, and the first role of these factors is to attenuate the host’s defenses against them through innate and adaptive immunity, as evidence indicates that the determinants of parasite virulence are responsible for evading the host’s defenses, allowing these organisms to survive on Alive in the host’s hostile immune envi

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C. Roy, S. R. Dey, and B. Bhowmik. "Freshwater fish parasite diversity in West Bengal – A review." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29, no. 01 (2023): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01.026.

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Aquaculture has the potential to meet the need of growing demand of fish in an affordable price. But in capture and in culture fisheries the fishes face diseases that interfere in the production of fish. The occurrence of disease causes the reduced production in aquaculture or reduce the marketable value of fish because of change of flesh quality, thus hampering the production. Freshwater fishes whether they are cultured or wild face different types of diseases in their skin, gills, fins, blood, and internal organs. The parasites that cause the diseases may be protozoans or metazoans.The main

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Isah, Muhammed Haruna, S. M. Ameh, and A. H. Banyigyi. "PREVALENCE OF ECTO AND ENDO PARASITES OF WHITE CATFISH (AMEIURUS CATUS) IN UKE RIVER, KARU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 8, no. 3 (2024): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0803-2520.

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In Uke River, Karu Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria, a six-month research was carried out between January and June 2023 to examine the gills and intestinal helminth and protozoan parasites of White Catfish (Ameiurus catus). A total of 100 fresh Ameiurus catus fish samples of both sexes, were obtained from the fishermen and conveyed to the Zoology laboratory of Nasarawa State University for examination. The fishes were processed and examined using gills, oesophagus, intestine and rectum. Twenty-two (22) out of 100 fishes were found to be infected with helminth and protozoan parasi

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Girmaye, Diriba, Akinaw Wagari, and Teshita Edaso Beriso. "Identification of major protozoal enteropathogens causing calf diarrhea in dairy farms in and around Holeta Town, Oromia Special Zone, Ethiopia." Ethiopian Veterinary Journal 28, no. 1 (2024): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/evj.v28i1.9.

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Calf diarrhea can be caused by a variety of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and intestinal parasites. Giardia, Eimeria, and Cryptosporidium are the most significant protozoan parasites and are all individually and ollectively infectious. A case-series study was carried out in and around Holeta dairy farms, Oromia Special Zone, Ethiopia, from November 2017 to April 2018 to identify the main protozoan enteropathogens from diarrheic calves. Samples were purposely collected from three dairy farms: Serkalem Dairy Farm (SDF), Holeta Agricultural Research Centre (HARC), and Ada Berg

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Coppens, Isabelle. "Metamorphoses of malaria: the role of autophagy in parasite differentiation." Essays in Biochemistry 51 (October 24, 2011): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bse0510127.

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Several protozoan parasites undergo a complex life cycle that alternates between an invertebrate vector and a vertebrate host. Adaptations to these different environments by the parasites are achieved by drastic changes in their morphology and metabolism. The malaria parasites must be transmitted to a mammal from a mosquito as part of their life cycle. Upon entering the mammalian host, extracellular malaria sporozoites reach the liver and invade hepatocytes, wherein they meet the challenge of becoming replication-competent schizonts. During the process of conversion, the sporozoite selectively

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Sharma, Anuja, Shilpa Sharma, Shilippreet Kour, et al. "Gastrointestinal Nematodes and Protozoa in Small and Large Ruminants from Rural Agro-Climatic Regions of Northern India." Diversity 15, no. 11 (2023): 1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15111131.

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Gastrointestinal nematode parasites and gastrointestinal protozoan parasites are considered detrimental to the livestock population and manifest production-limiting effects. Small and large ruminants (cattle, buffalo, goats, and sheep) are important components of the rural economy of northern India. However, the epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites in this agro-climatic region has not been studied extensively. In this study, the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was determined in 163 animals, including cattle (n = 86), buffalo (n = 11), goats (n = 48), and sheep (n = 18) from 26 s

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Piña-Vázquez, Carolina, Magda Reyes-López, Guillermo Ortíz-Estrada, Mireya de la Garza, and Jesús Serrano-Luna. "Host-Parasite Interaction: Parasite-Derived and -Induced Proteases That Degrade Human Extracellular Matrix." Journal of Parasitology Research 2012 (2012): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/748206.

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Parasitic protozoa are among the most important pathogens worldwide. Diseases such as malaria, leishmaniasis, amoebiasis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis, and trypanosomiasis affect millions of people. Humans are constantly threatened by infections caused by these pathogens. Parasites engage a plethora of surface and secreted molecules to attach to and enter mammalian cells. The secretion of lytic enzymes by parasites into host organs mediates critical interactions because of the invasion and destruction of interstitial tissues, enabling parasite migration to other sites within the hosts. Extracell

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Rousseau, Angélique, Stéphanie La Carbona, Aurélien Dumètre, et al. "Assessing viability and infectivity of foodborne and waterborne stages (cysts/oocysts) of Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., and Toxoplasma gondii: a review of methods." Parasite 25 (2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2018009.

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Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp. and Toxoplasma gondii are protozoan parasites that have been highlighted as emerging foodborne pathogens by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization. According to the European Food Safety Authority, 4786 foodborne and waterborne outbreaks were reported in Europe in 2016, of which 0.4% were attributed to parasites including Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Trichinella. Until 2016, no standardized methods were available to detect Giardia, Cryptosporidium and Toxoplasma (oo)cysts in food. Therefore, no regul

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Khanum, H., S. Shanjida Khanam, M. Sultana, M. H. Uddin, R. Chandra Dhar, and M. S. Islam. "Protozoan parasites in a wastewater treatment plant of Bangladesh." University Journal of Zoology, Rajshahi University 31 (June 18, 2013): 05–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15372.

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Parasitic infection is a global health problem especially in developing countries. Municipal wastewaters always contain cysts of parasitic protozoans at some level. The present study was conducted to detect protozoan parasites in different stages of the treatment plant to check its efficacy. Wastewaters were collected from 3 points of the Pagla Sewage Treatent Plant (PSTP) of Dhaka, Bangladesh, throughout the year, 2007-08 at fortnight intervals. Giardia spp., Entamoeba spp., Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana, Idoamoeba butschlii and Balantidium coli were detected at different times in different

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Mohamed Anuar, Aina Sabihah, Siti Nur Nadhirah Mohamad Zamri, Ahmad Syazni Kamarudin, and Norshida Ismail. "The occurrence of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infection on invasive freshwater fish, the Peacock Bass (Cichla spp.) from Tasik Telabak, Malaysia." Journal Of Agrobiotechnology 14, no. 1 (2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/jab.2023.14.1.305.

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Peacock bass (Cichla spp.) is an invasive fish that has established feral population in many freshwater water bodies in Malaysia. Among the negative impact of invasive species are the co-introduction of new parasites, and they also may act as vector to various disease causal agents. The aim of this study was to identify and to measure the prevalence of parasites of Peacock bass from Tasik Telabak, Terengganu, Malaysia. A total of 28 fishes were sampled by line fishing with the help of anglers and examined for parasites by using general parasitological method and microscopic technique. 3 groups

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von Huth, Sebastian, Louise B. Thingholm, Poul-Erik Kofoed, et al. "Intestinal protozoan infections shape fecal bacterial microbiota in children from Guinea-Bissau." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 3 (2021): e0009232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009232.

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Intestinal parasitic infections, caused by helminths and protozoa, are globally distributed and major causes of worldwide morbidity. The gut microbiota may modulate parasite virulence and host response upon infection. The complex interplay between parasites and the gut microbiota is poorly understood, partly due to sampling difficulties in remote areas with high parasite burden. In a large study of children in Guinea-Bissau, we found high prevalence of intestinal parasites. By sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes of fecal samples stored on filter paper from a total of 1,204 children, we demonstrat

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