Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Protozoologia'
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Grau, Bové Francesc Xavier. "L´origen de la multicel·lularitat en animals: una aproximació genòmica = The origin of multicellularity in animals: a genomic approach." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/406135.
Full textThe origin of multicellularity in animals is a hallmark event in evolution, that was accompanied by profound changes in the genomes, development and cell biology processes of the animal ancestors. I analyze the origin of animals from the point of view of comparative genomics and phylogenomics, aiming to reconstruct the innovations behind the transition to multicellularity by analyzing animals and their closest unicellular relatives within Holozoa. Our initial phylogenomic analyses established four holozoan clades: Teretosporea (Corallochytrium limacisporum and ichthyosporean protists), Filasterea (2 amoebas, including Capsaspora owczarzaki) and Choanoflagellata (flagellated protists, sometimes colonial), as well as multicellular Metazoa. Then, we used this robust phylogenetic framework in combination with comparative genomics, aiming to pinpoint the specific changes underscoring the origin of Metazoa. We reconstructed the ancestral gene contents were focused of the ubiquitin signaling tool-kit—gene families involved in post-translational protein modification—, myosin molecular motors and homeobox transcription factors. In pre-metazoan lineages, we uncovered a continued state of innovation in terms of de novo gene origin, protein diversification and paralogy – thus suggesting a genetically complex Urmetazoa, and a prominent role of gene co-option at the origin of multicellularity. Next, we aimed to examine genome architecture evolution in premetazoans. Thus, we sequenced and analyzed the genomes of 6 ichthyosporeans (Creolimax fragrantissima, Chromosphaera perkinsii, Sphaeroforma arctica, Ichthyophonus hoferi, Abeoforma whisleri and Pirum gemmata) and C. limacisporum; and compared them to other unicellular holozoans (C. owczarzaki and choanoflagellates) and animals. We uncovered the premetazoan origin of many genes with multicellularity-related functions, e.g. developmental transcription factors or cell adhesion proteins. Here we show that genome architecture evolution was equally innovative: the early burst of gene diversity in the holozoans was followed by episodes of synteny disruption, intron gain, and genome expansions in unicellular and multicellular lineages. Finally, we correlated the evolution of alternative splicing- based transcriptome regulation with exon/intron gene structure in holozoans. We unraveled a universal code of alternative splicing that determines the frequency of animal-like exon skipping profile in large, intron-dense ichthyosporean genomes. We demonstrate that comparative genomics and ancestral reconstructions constitute a powerful tool for evolutionary analysis of ancestral eukaryotes: not only it allows to uncover the primary composition of ancestral genomes; it can also fuel inferences regarding their transcriptomic regulation and the role played by non-genomic sources of evolutionary innovation.
Santos, Marcos Gonzaga dos. "Papel funcional da fosfatidilserina de Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis na infecção de macrófagos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42135/tde-23092008-132202/.
Full textThe characterization of phosphatidylserine (PS) synthesis in Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis revealed a single pathway that presented phosphatidylserine synthase II (PSS II) activity. The single copy gene that encoded this enzyme showed 38% of identity and 55% of homology to the human homolog. Attempts for the gene knockout were not successful, indicating that the gene is essential for the parasite survival. Incorporporation assays of labeled phospholipids showed that the parasite take phosphatidylethanolamine, substract for the PSS II, from the medium, but the rate of incorporation of PS occurred at a very low rate. The biochemical characterization of the serine incorporation by the parasite showed the existence of a single transport system, with an optimum pH of 7.5, which was dependent of metabolic activity of the cell, that showed a Km of 0.826 +/- 0.183 mM and Vmax of 355.37 +/- 19.41 pmol/min *2 * 107 promastigotes, that remained active up to 45oC.
Cervero, Aragó Sílvia. "Eficàcia deIs desinfectants de I'aigua sobre Legionel·la spp. i les seves amebes hostes = Efficiency of water disinfectants against Legionella spp. and their amoeba hosts." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/128960.
Full textLegionella infections are serious problem which causes concern to health public services in our country. Despite all measures and controls realized, most sporadic cases and outbreaks have been related to drinking water systems that have been subjected to one or more disinfection processes. Legionella spp., not only survive these treatments but multiplied over the distribution system becoming a potential environmental hazard. The main factors that promote Legionella survival and proliferation in water systems are the bacteria biology itself, since Legionella is able to survive under a wide range of environmental conditions, as well as the relationship that Legionella establishes with other microorganisms that live in the same habitat as protozoa. Protozoa, and specifically free-living amoebae of the genera Acanthamoeba and Hartmannella have been described as common inhabitants of drinking water distribution systems. These amoebae survive in front harsh environmental conditions by forming resistant structures called cysts. Amoebae feed mainly on bacteria which are engulfed by phagocitosis and digested intracellularly. However, some of these bacteria have developed some strategies to survive amoebae digestion and some of them, as Legionella are able to use host cellular resources to multiply within it. In addition, as an endosimbiont, Legionella remains protected from disinfectants which could lead to a rapid recolonization of water distribution systems once disinfection treatments have been applied. Three of the most commonly used water disinfectants in Europe for drinking water treatment are chlorine, temperature and UV radiation. Although its use is regulated by many national guidelines, its efficacy relies mainly on bacterial inactivation without considering other microorganisms such as free living amoebae and its relationships with other microorganisms as Legionella. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to study the effectiveness of these three water disinfectants applying the same study conditions, on Legionella spp.; free-living amoebae considering its two life stages; and on the simbionts between Legionella and Acanthamoeba. First of all, several strains of Legionella spp., and free-living amoebae from different origins (environmental and from culture collections) were obtained and culture protocols were optimized, especially for free-living amoebae. Second, test conditions were established for each of the disinfectants and a quantitative method was implemented in order to compare cell viability after every disinfection treatment. Finally, to see whether the association between Legionella and Acanthamoeba modifies the effectiveness of the three disinfectants towards these two types of microorganisms, co-cultures of Legionella and Acanthamoeba were realized. Co-culture formation was monitored by using a FISH method, which led us observe how axenic Legionella changed to an intracellular state within Acanthamoeba trophozoites. Analyzing the susceptibility of the Legionella spp. strains; free-living amoebae strains, either trophozoites and cysts stages; as well as Legionella as an Acanthamoeba endosymbiont, for each of the treatments applied, inactivation kinetics models were proposed. Results obtained were compared with studies published by other authors and final conclusions were considered. Results showed that, chlorine, temperature and UV radiation have a disinfectant effect on the different Legionella strains used, as well as on free living amoebae. Differences on the disinfectant effect could be atributted to disinfectant concentration, exposure time and strain intrinsic characteristics. Regarding free living amoeba, trophozoites and cysts had a significantly different behaviour, being trophozoites more sensitive to disinfectants than cysts. Finally, L. pneumophila as and endosymbiont of amoeba strains showed a greater resistance to disinfectant compared with the axenic state. Because of that, when applying disinfections treatments, the complex ecology of Legionella as an amoeba endosymbiont should be considered in order to prevent a system recolonization.
Mendonça, Daiane Barros Dias. "Análise do microbioma de bactérias de luz intestinal de hamsteres e sua correlação com LPS circulante, decorrente da translocação microbiana na leishmaniose visceral experimental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/99/99131/tde-22012018-114555/.
Full textVisceral leishmaniasis, in its active clinical form, is characterized by long-lasting fever, hepatosplenomegaly and cachexia. In Brazil, the lethality is, on average, 7% and the main causes of death are hemorrhage, comorbidity with immunosuppressive diseases and bacterial infection. The mechanism of increased bacterial infection in LV is unclear and one of the hypotheses is that there may be bacterial translocation of the intestinal mucosa to the lumen of the blood vessels and cause a greater severity of the immune-inflammatory response and consequent clinical worsening. The objective of this work was evaluate the occurrence of microbial translocation in Leishmania (L.) infantum infected-hamsters and correlate with the histopathological changes found in the gut of infected animals. Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were infected intraperitoneally with 2x107 amastigotes of L. (L.) infantum and euthanized after 48, 72 hours and 15, 45 and 90 days of infection. As a control group, hamsters were inoculated intraperitoneally with RPMI culture medium. Were collected: blood, feces, spleen, large and small intestines. To detection amastigotes in intestinal mucosa, real-time PCR (qPCR), immunohistochemistry and histopathological analysis were used, and histological alterations in intestinal tissue were also evaluated. Spleen was used to determine the parasitic load through the Stauber technique. To detection of microbial translocation or products related, was performed quantification of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in plasma. In order to evaluate the possible change in intestinal bacterial flora, bacterial sequencing of sample faeces from control and infected hamsters was carried. We observed increased parasite load on spleen and intestine as the infection progressed, the difference being significant at 90 days of infection. At the same time, we observed increased circulating LPS in infected animals at different times, 48 hours, 72 hours, 45 days and 90 days, with decrease in the intermediate period of 15 days, howeversignificant difference was observed only at 90 days post-infection in relation to control group. Histopathological changes were observed in the large and small intestine, ranging from mild to severe inflammatory infiltrate, enteritis, histiocytosis, and amastigotes. The changes occurred from 48 hours of infection, differentiating the population of the inflammatory infiltrate between neutrophils, lymphocytes, and even eosinophils in the large intestine of animals with 90 days of infection. |Bacterial sequencing shows that there was a change in the microbiome of the animals, but there is no significant identity, ie, above 95% in most bacteria. We conclude that changes in mucosal histology, invasion of amastigotes in this tissue and increase in LPS, suggest that microbial translocation is an event occurring during L. (L.) infantum infection in this experimental model.
Escopelli, Karla Scola. "Avaliação sorológica de anticorpos da classe IgG para Toxoplasma gondii em soros de ovinos da região da grande Porto Alegre/RS, através das técnicas de hemaglutinação indireta (HAI) r imunofluorescência indireta (IFI)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/7830.
Full textToxoplasmosis is a serious zoonosis. It is a common infection in animals caused by a parasite called Toxoplasma gondii. Human infection occurs mainly for ingestion of meat contaminated with T. gondii cysts. A high prevalence rate of toxoplasmosis is found in sheep cattle all over the world, being the consumption of food and water contaminated with oocystes the major source of infection of the species. In ovine, toxoplasmosis can be assymptomatique or cause reproduction disorders, especially abortions, which leads to significant economic losses.With the objective of providing data about the frequency of T. gondii antibodies in sheep from the Greater Porto Alegre area, we estimated the frequency of IgG class antibodies to T. gondii in sheep sera. The techniques employed were the Indirect Hemagglutination Technique (HAI) and the Indirect Imunofluorescence Test (IFI). The estimated frequency of antibodies to T. gondii in a sample of 250 sheep sera was 13,6% (HAI), and 15,2% (IFI). The sample was stratified into two experimental groups, according to gender and age. In group one, composed by 127 males, 4,8% were HAI positive, and 7,6% were IFI positive, whereas in the group composed by 123 females, 8,8% were HAI positive, and IFI 7,6%. Concerning age group, there were 11 HAI positives (4,4%) among the animals with less than one year of age, and 23 HAI positive (9,2%) among the animals over one year, totalizing 34 animals. For the IFI technique, the results obtained showed 19 (7,6%) young sheep and 19 (7,6%) adults in 38 animals analyzed. The co-positivity between the techniques was 55,26% and the co-negativity was 93,865. Total agreement was 88% while the Kappa index calculated was 0,513.
Gurgel, Ana Cláudia Fagundes. "Ocorrência de protozoários intestinais em chinchilas (Chinchilla lanigera) e capivaras (hydrochaeris hydrochaeris), criadas em cativeiro, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8421.
Full textGiardiasis is one of the most frequent and most important parasite infections that affect chinchillas. It is caused by Giardia lamblia, a small parasite that often causes intestinal disorders, and can negatively impact chinchilla breeding. Transmission occurs through the fecaloral route, and clinical signs include diarrhea, anorexia and weight loss. Cryptosporidiosis is an infection caused by an obligatory intracellular protozoan parasite of the genus Cryptospodidium. The main source of infection is fecal matte containing oocysts from infected or carrier individuals. Cryptosporidium causes severe diarrhea in chinchillas. Eimeria is a protozoan parasite of the pylum Apicomplexa. Eimeriosis is found in areas with poor sanitation, where oocysts are passed in the feces, and then ingested in contaminated food and water. Capybaras are susceptible to Eimeria spp. In order to investigate the intestinal protozoa that commonly infect chinchillas and capybaras in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, we used the methods developed by Faust et al., Sheater’s method modified by Benbrook, E. A., and the Ziehl-Neelsen staining method modified by Angus in 250 fecal samples of chinchillas. For the 250 fecal samples of capybaras, only Sheater’s method modified by Benbrook, E. A., was used. The chinchillas were split into two groups: group I, which consisted of animals aged 11 months or younger, and group II, which included animals aged 12 months or older. After that, the animals were classified into male and female. The capybaras belonged to a single group of 250 animals. The genus Giardia was detected in 8% of the fecal samples of chinchillas. None of these samples revealed oocysts of Eimeria and Cryptosporidium. The genus Eimeria was found in 52,4% of the fecal samples of capybaras, and the four species detected were E. trinidadensis, E. ichiloensis, E. boliviensis and an unidentified Eimeria specie. With regard to the total number of oocysts found, the relative frequency of different Eimeria species was the following: E. trinidadensis (55,04%), E. ichiloensis (32,56%), E. boliviensis (4,77%) and unidentified Eimeria specie (7,63%).
Malheiros, Antonio Francisco. "Ocorrência de patógenos intestinais e fatores de risco associados à infecção entre os índios tapirapé habitantes da Amazônia Mato-Grossense, Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42135/tde-28052012-093605/.
Full textThe prevalence of intestinal pathogens was studied in indigenous of the Tapirapé ethnic from Amazon region of Mato Grosso State, using the coproparasitological, immunological and molecular. Of the total 1,526 fecal samples 83.35% had at least one intestinal parasite and 65% had more than one parasite (poliparasitism). The most prevalent parasite was Entamoeba coli (827/1526 - 54.19%). Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (581/1526 - 38, 07%), Giardia intestinalis (287/1526 - 18.81%), Blastocystis spp. (257/1526 - 16.84%) and Ancylostoma spp. (293/1526 -19.20%) were found too. Cysts of G. intestinalis were sequence by b-Giardina and GDH gene. Only assemblages A and B were found and assemblage A was the most prevalent. The molecular characterization of Blastocystis spp. by SSU-rRNA demonstrated that subtype 1 was dominant followed by subtypes 2 and 3. So, G. intestinalis and Blastocystis spp. are potentially zoonotic. The results are in agreement with previous studies conducted in the Brazilian Amazon.
Franco, Fernando Alves de Lima. "Caracterização da região genômica META 1 de Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis e comparação com a região ortóloga de L. (L.) major." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42135/tde-03122008-102437/.
Full textThe characterization of coding sequences in the vicinity of the META 1 gene allowed the identification of some genes preferentially expressed in L. (L.) amazonensis infective stages. One of the identified transcripts presents a distinct pattern of expression with higher levels of mRNA in amastigotes. This gene was named LaLRR17 since it encodes a 72 kDa protein with 6 leucine-rich repeats (LRR) in its central region. Leucine-rich repeats (LRR) are present in several families of proteins and are responsible for the formation of a structure capable of establishing protein interactions. The central region of the LRR17 protein showed similarity with the carboxyl-terminal portion of the NOD 3 human protein. The LaLRR17 protein is secreted to the cytoplasm of L. (L.) amazonensis-infected macrophages. To characterize the function of the LRR17 protein we obtained strains of L. (L.) amazonensis expressing the LmjLRR17 gene. These mutant strains were more infective to macrophages in vitro when compared with the wild type strain. We also evaluated the role of NOD 1 and NOD 2 proteins in infections with L. (L.) amazonensis and L. (L.) major to investigate a possible role of the LRR17 protein in the interaction with these defense pathways in macrophages.
FURTADO, Rodrigo Ribeiro. "Detecção da atividade e imunolocalização da enzima óxido nítrico sintase em Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis e Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/8143.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
INCT/BEB - Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem
As leishmanioses são protozoonoses causadas por parasitos do gênero Leishmania e estão distribuídas por diversas partes do mundo. Essa patologia se manifesta sobre diversas formas clínicas: Leishmaniose visceral (LV), Leishmaniose cutânea (LC) e Leishmaniose cutaneomucosa (LM). O parasito Leishmania apresenta duas formas evolutivas: a forma promastigota, de vida livre, e a forma amastigota, intracelular obrigatório, presente principalmente nas células fagocíticas mononucleadas. A inibição do crescimento ou destruição dos parasitos dentro da célula hospedeira é um mecanismo fundamental para erradicar a infecção. A inibição dos efeitos leishmanicidas do macrófago parece estar relacionada com a capacidade de algumas espécies em inibir a produção de óxido nítrico (NO). Estudos recentes têm mostrado que algumas espécies de Leishmania possuem a capacidade de produzir NO a partir de uma forma constitutiva da enzima Óxido Nítrico Sintase (cNOS). Este trabalho tem como objetivo detectar e localizar a enzima cNOS presente em promastigotas de Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis e Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Para isto, o presente estudo utilizou citometria de fluxo, a qual permitiu quantificar a produção de NO nos parasitos, evidenciando a maior atividade da enzima cNOS em Leishmania (L.) amazonensis quando comparada com a espécie Leishmania (V.) braziliensis. Foi realizada a imunomarcação das formas promastigotas com o anticorpo anti-cNOS para observar a localização ultraestrutural da enzima por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET), posteriormente a co-marcação com os anticorpos anti-cNOS e anti-GAPDH para confirmar a provável compartimentalização desta enzima em organelas glicossomais. Os resultados sugerem que a produção de NO por diferentes espécies de Leishmania é um processo localizado em organelas glicossomais com a captura do aminoácido L-arginina da célula hospedeira, o sequestro deste substrato priva o hospedeiro de sintetizar o NO exógeno danoso ao parasito. Esta modulação sugere mais um mecanismo de escape que os protozoários tripanossomatídeos apresentam durante a complexa interação parasito-hospedeiro.
The Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by parasites of the Leishmania genus and are distributed in different parts of the world. This pathology manifests in several clinical forms: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL). The Leishmania parasite presents two evolutionary forms: promastigote form, free life parasite, and amastigotes, intracellular binding, present mainly in the mononuclear phagocytic cells. The growth inhibition or destruction of parasites within the host cell is an essential to break the infection mechanism. Inhibition of macrophage leishmanicidal effect appears to be related to the ability of some species to inhibit the nitric oxide (NO) production. Recent studies have shown that some species of Leishmania have the ability to produce NO by the constitutive form of nitric oxide synthase (cNOS). This work aims to detect and locate the cNOS enzyme present in Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis promastigotes. For this reason, this study used flow cytometry, which allowed to quantify NO production in parasites, indicating the increased activity of the cNOS enzyme in Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis compared with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis species. We performed immunostaining of promastigotes with anti-cNOS antibody to watch the ultrastructural localization of the enzyme by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), then co-labeling with anti-cNOS and anti-GAPDH antibody to confirm the probable compartmentalization this enzyme in glycossomal organelles. The results suggest that NO production by different strains of Leishmania is a process located in the glycossomal organelles capturing L-arginine from the host cell, the substrate depletion deprives the host to synthesize the harmful exogenous NO to the parasite. This modulation suggests another escape mechanism that trypanosomatid protozoa present in the complex host-parasite interaction.
Meurer, Ywlliane da Silva Rodrigues. "Participa??o do circuito dopamin?rgico nas altera??es do comportamento de medo inato de camundongos infectados pelo Toxoplasma gondii." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17339.
Full textThe protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii transforms the innate aversion of rats for cat urine into a fatal attraction, that increases the likelihood of the parasite completing its life cycle in the cat s intestine. The neural circuits implicated in innate fear, anxiety, and learned fear all overlap considerably, raising the possibility, that T. gondii may disrupt all of these nonspecifically. In this study, we evaluated immunoreactivity for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in areas associated with innate fear of infected male swiss mice. The latent Toxoplasma infection converted the aversion of mice to feline odors into attraction. This loss of fear is remarkably specific, as demonstrated by Vyas et al (2007), because infection did not diminish learned fear, anxiety-like behavior, olfaction, or nonaversive learning. However, the neurochemical mechanism related to alterations in innate fear due to T. gondii infection remains poorly studied. 20 mice were inoculated with bradyzoites (25 cysts) from a Toxoplasma gondii (Me-49 strain). The brains were removed after 60 days, sectioned and processed for TH immunohistochemistry. The correlation between the amount of cysts per area and the densitometric analysis of neurotransmitter reactivity was low in the areas implicated in innate fear of infected animals, when comparated with noninfected controls
O protozo?rio Toxoplasma gondii transforma a avers?o inata de ratos ? urina de gato em atra??o. Essa mudan?a pode aumentar a probabilidade de transmiss?o do parasito para o seu hospedeiro definitivo, os felinos, onde pode se reproduzir sexualmente. Os circuitos neurais envolvidos no medo inato, ansiedade ou medo aprendido se sobrep?em consideravelmente, aumentando a possibilidade de que o T. gondii possa interferir com todos de maneira n?o-espec?fica. Neste estudo, foi avaliada a imunorreatividade para tirosina hidroxilase (TH) em ?reas dopamin?rgicas relacionadas com o medo inato em camundongos sui?os machos infectados. A infec??o latente pelo parasita inverteu a avers?o aos odores de felinos. Esta modifica??o pode estar relacionada com a presen?a dos cistos na am?gdala, pois a infec??o n?o diminui medo aprendido, a ansiedade, o olfato, ou a aprendizagem n?o-aversiva. No entanto, o mecanismo neuroqu?mico relacionado a estas altera??es no medo inato durante a infec??o permanece pouco estudado. Os animais foram infectados com bradizo?tos (25 cistos) da cepa ME-49 de T. gondii. Os c?rebros foram removidos ap?s 60 dias, seccionados e processados para revelar a reatividade da enzima TH. Os cistos foram contados nas ?reas associadas ao circuito dopamin?rgico, bem como em regi?es relacionadas ao medo inato. A contagem por ?rea e a an?lise densitom?trica mostrou baixa rela??o entre a presen?a de cistos e a reatividade para TH regi?es de interesse nos animais infectados, quando comparados aos controles n?o-infectados
Menezes, Karolina Martins Ferreira. "Reconstrução tridimensional do lobo olfativo do carrapato Amblyomma sculptum (Acari: Ixodidae)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7088.
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Amblyomma sculptum belongs to Amblyomma cajennense complex and parasites human beings as well domestic and wild animals. This tick species has a world recognized importance in public and animal health due blood expoliation and transmission of some pathogens such as Rickettsia rickettsia, causal agent of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in Brazil. Ticks oriented themselves using chemical stimuli perceived by their sensorial organs. The Haller organ, which is localized in the first leg, has olfactory sensilla which perceive volatile molecules, as the odors. Inside of the sensilla there are neurones that project themselves to olfactory lobes in the synganglion, the central nervous system. In ticks, there is a gap in how the perception of the olfactory information is integrated in the synganglion and this comprehension would allow obtain details that could be used to the development of new control strategies. This work aims to verify the integration between the Haller organ and the synganglion by determining its neuronal projection patterns until the olfactory lobes as well accomplish its three-dimensional reconstruction. Males and females of A. sculptum were immobilized and the Haller organ was excised. The olfactory nerves were filled with one drop of dextran tetramethylrhodamine 1%. The synganglions were dissected in saline, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, washed in saline and triton X-100, dehydrated in alcohol series and mounted in glicerol. The synganlions were examined in a fluorescence microscope (Axio Scope.A1) to confirm filling from the peripheral neurons to the synganglion. The olfactory lobes stained were digitalized in a confocal microscope TCS SP8 (Leica) and the series were examined in the Reconstruct software. The olfactory lobes of one male and three females were selected to tracing the edges of each glomerulus in successive optical sessions in order to obtain the 3D reconstruction. The volume was calculated using the same software and their correlation was analyzed by Pearson correlation. The neuronal projections from the Haller organ were confined in the olfactory lobes, which were organized in glomeruli. The number of glomeruli in the males was 26 and 30 in each olfactory lobe examined and in the females varied between 24 and 29. Male and females showed similar glomeruli in both olfactory lobes, meaning they are homologues, when compared intra and intersexually, with a positive correlation between 72% and 95%. Considering the volume, the glomeruli were also similar and no macroglomerulus was identified, as any glomerulus in the male and female were two times bigger than the average volume. The number of specimens evaluated does not allow inferring if the lower number of glomeruli in the females was statistically significant. This work shows, for the first time, the 3D reconstruction of the olfactory lobe in a tick species. The results obtained contribute to understand how ticks process their olfactory information.
Amblyomma sculptum, pertencente ao complexo A. cajennense, parasita humanos, animais domésticos e silvestres. Apresenta importância mundialmente reconhecida na saúde pública e animal por espoliar seus hospedeiros e transmitir patógenos causadores de doenças, como Rickettsia rickettsii agente de Febre Maculosa no Brasil. Os carrapatos orientam-se por estímulos químicos detectados por seus órgãos sensoriais, como o órgão de Haller, localizado no primeiro par de patas, que possui sensilas olfativas capazes de detectarem moléculas voláteis, como os odores. No interior destas sensilas há neurônios que se projetam para os lobos olfativos, organizados em glomérulos, no interior do singânglio, o sistema nervoso central. Em carrapatos, pouco se sabe sobre como a percepção da informação olfativa é integrada no singânglio e esta compreensão permitiria obter mais detalhes sobre a biologia, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias de controle. Objetivou-se verificar a integração entre o órgão de Haller e o singânglio por meio da determinação dos padrões de projeção neuronal das sensilas olfativas aos lobos olfativos e da reconstrução tridimensional dos glomérulos. Machos e fêmeas adultos de A. sculptum foram imobilizados, o órgão de Haller seccionado e o nervos olfativos corados com dextran tetrametilrodamina 1%. Os singânglios foram dissecados em PBS, fixados em paraformaldeído 4%, lavados em PBST e PBS, desidratados em séries ascendente de etanol e montados em lâminas com glicerol. Os singânglios foram observados em microscópio de fluorescência Axio Scope.A1 para determinar aqueles onde houve projeção. Os lobos olfativos corados foram digitalizados em microscópio confocal a laser TCS SP8 e as séries de imagens confocais foram avaliadas no programa Reconstruct. Selecionaram-se os lobos olfativos de um macho e três fêmeas para identificação dos glomérulos, marcação manual e numeração, com posterior reconstrução 3D. O programa permitiu o cálculo dos volumes glomerulares que foram analisados por correlação de Pearson. As projeções neuronais originadas nas sensilas olfativas do órgão de Haller estiveram confinadas estritamente aos lobos olfativos, organizados em glomérulos. Os glomérulos no macho variaram entre 26 e 30 e nas fêmeas, entre 24 e 29. Macho e fêmeas apresentaram glomérulos similares, denominados homólogos, nos dois lobos olfativos quando comparados intra- e intersexualmente, com correlação positiva entre 72% e 95%. Com relação aos tamanhos e formas, os glomérulos foram similares e não foram identificados macroglomérulos, uma vez que os glomérulos com maiores volumes no macho e nas fêmeas não apresentaram valores superiores a duas vezes o valor da média. O número de indivíduos avaliados não permitiu inferir se a menor quantidade de glomérulo nas fêmeas foi estatisticamente significativa e, portanto, não se pode afirmar se há dimorfismo sexual. Em carrapatos este foi o primeiro trabalho em que se realizou a reconstrução tridimensional dos lobos olfativos. Os resultados obtidos contribuem para o conhecimento do processamento central da informação olfativa em carrapatos.
Siqueira, Larissa Moreira. "Ação do Glucantime sobre macrófagos de camundongos." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8379.
Full textThe pentavalent antimonial drugs, such as Glucantime, are generally used as first choice for the treatment of leishmaniasis, however its mechanism is not fully understood. It has activity against intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania sp, compromising the redox potential and causing damage to the DNA of the parasite. Some studies suggesting that Glucantime enhances phagocytosis and TNF-α production by phagocytes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the modulation of Glucantime on macrophages, the major host cell of Leishmania. Initially, Glucantimes toxicity was tested on peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice, by treating the monolayers in vitro for 48 hours. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT method. The capacity of Glucantime (0,1, 1 and 10 mg/ml) of modulate macrophages was evaluated by treating the monolayers of peritoneal macrophages for 24 hours before the infection with Leishmania braziliensis. After 48 hours of incubation with culture medium the infection index was evaluated by counting. Before and after the infection were analyzed the production of nitric oxide (NO) by Griess method, reactive oxygen species (ROS) by fluorimetry using the H2DCFDA dye and cytokines by ELISA. To evaluate if Glucantime could modulate macrophages in vivo, Swiss Webster mice were treated for 5 consecutive days with 8 mg Glucantime by intraperitoneal route. Peritoneal macrophages were evaluated about its capacity of control the in vitro infection with L. braziliensis. Results showed that until the concentration of 10 mg/ml, Glucantime did not alter the macrophages viability in vitro. The pre-treatment of macrophages with Glucantime at 0.1mg/mL, 1mg/mL and 10mg/mL was able to reduce the infection index in 49%, 74% and 85%, respectively. On non-infected macrophages the NO production was increased at 10mg/ml of Glucantime. The treatment with 1 and 10 mg/ml de Glucantime was able to significantly increase the ROS production (p<0,05 and p<0.01, respectively) and IL-12 production (p<0,05), however the IL-10 production was not altered. There were no significant changes of these parameters comparing to control after the L. braziliensis infection. The macrophages from the treated mice were capable of reduce the infection index by L. braziliensis (p<0,05). These results suggest that Glucantime is capable of activate macrophages and this effect could contribute to the mechanism of action of this drug.
Maciel, Karen Praetzel. "Inquérito sorológico para detecção de anticorpos de Toxoplasma gondii em caprinos (Capra hircus) criados nos municípios de Gravataí e Viamão, região da Grande Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/5542.
Full textQuadros, Rosiléia Marinho de. "Determinação genotípica e antigênica de Giardia duodenalis em fezes de crianças, cães domiciliados e errantes na cidade de Lages, Santa Catarina, Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/76532.
Full textThe study aimed to determine the efficacy of the ELISA test for G. duodenalis and identify the genotypes of the parasite in stool samples from children and dogs in the city of Lages, Santa Catarina. We evaluated 1085 faecal samples divided into four groups: Children (Group I) enrolled in basic public education; faecal samples obtained from children in a private laboratory in the city (Group II ) domiciled dogs ( Group III) and dogs from the Center for Zoonosis Control (Group IV). All samples were processed by the methods of faecal flotation and sedimentation to determine the presence of cysts of G. duodenalis. The samples processed by fecal examinations were subsequently analyzed by ELISA and positive samples genotyped. The prevalence of samples positive for the parasite was 7.19% (78/1085). Of the 430 stool samples from children and dogs analyzed by ELISA; 19.07% (82) were positive for G. duodenalis. The test sensitivity was 66%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative (NPV) of 100%, Kappa value = 0.93 and 93% accuracy. In relation to the population, the ELISA test showed sensitivity of 60% and specificity of 100%, for children and sensitivity was 73% and specificity of 100% for dogs. We conclude that the ELISA test is highly specific but less sensitivity to parasitological examination, so the routine tests in laboratory animals and human area-based microscopy are still the most efficient option for the diagnosis of G. duodenalis. Regarding the identification of G. duodenalis genotypes, by PCR-RFLP using the gdh gene, genotype (assemblage) A was identified in Groups I and II in 59.41% (22/39) samples with low prevalence to subgenotype Al (54.55%) , genotype B was diagnosed in 43.59% (17/39) with higher prevalence in subgenotype BIV (58.82%). Canine groups III and IV genotype with zoonotic characteristics (A and B) was diagnosed in 64.10% (25/39) was diagnosed with AI 53.85% and 10.26% of BIV. In specific genotypes of carnivorous (C and D) the prevalence was 35.90% (14/39) with predominant genotype C (71.43%) and 28.57% for genotype D. The study identified a variety of genotypes in children and dogs, with a high prevalence of genotypes characteristics zoonotic in dogs.
SOUSA, Eveline Bezerra. "Aspectos microbiológicos e epidemiológicos da doença diarréica aguda no município de Juruti, Pará." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/4741.
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O presente estudo descreveu os aspectos epidemiológicos e etiológicos da diarréia aguda no município de Juruti, Pará, Brasil. Foram avaliadas 261 amostras de fezes (170 diarréicas e 91 controles) de pacientes atendidos em Unidades de Saúde Pública, no período de fevereiro a julho de 2009. Para o isolamento de bactérias enteropatogênicas, utilizou-se meios seletivos indicadores e de enriquecimento. A caracterização bioquímica foi realizada utilizando os Sistemas API-20E e a sorologia, através de antisoros polivalentes e monovalentes. Para a detecção das categorias de E. coli diarreiogênicas foram executados dois ensaios de PCR multiplex. A pesquisa de Campylobacter jejuni e Campylobacter coli e Rotavírus foi executada através da técnica de ELISA, nas amostras de fezes. No exame parasitológico foram utilizados os métodos diretos (salina/Lugol) e sedimentação espontânea. Das 154 amostras positivas (118 diarréicas e 36 controles), 75,4% eram de infecções únicas e 24,6% de infecções mistas. A maioria dos casos incluiu crianças menores de 10 anos de idade (55,9%), sem diferença significante entre os sexos feminino e masculino. Os enteropatógenos mais frequentes no grupo diarréico foram E. histolytica/E. dispar (26%), Shigella spp (15,7%), G. lamblia (13,3%) e E. coli diarreiogênicas (12,8%), com Shigella spp associada à diarréia aguda (p = 0,0028). Quanto às categorias patogênicas de E. coli, a ETEC (7,2%) foi o tipo mais frequente nos casos de diarréia aguda, seguido de EAEC (5,9%). Os agentes menos frequentes nos casos diarréicos foram representados por C. jejuni/C. coli (4,7%), Rotavírus (2,8%), Salmonella Panama, A. hydrophila e A. sóbria (0,5%). Os resultados encontrados fornecem subsídios importantes para a vigilância epidemiológica e ambiental da doença diarréica aguda, no município de Juruti.
The presente study described the epidemiological and etiological aspects of acute diarrhea in Juruti, Pará, Brazil. A total of 261 fecal samples were investigated (diarrheagenic, n = 170 and control, n = 91), from patients attended in Public Health Units in the period from February to July 2009. Samples were investigated for bacterial, Rotavírus and parasitic enteropathogens using microscopic examination, immunological tests (ELISA) and bacterial culture techniques. Two multiplex PCR were designed for the detection of all categories of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. A total of 154 samples were positive (diarrheagenic, n = 118 and control, n = 36), in which 75,4% were represented for mono infections and 24,6% for mixed infections. Most of cases included children less than 10 years of age (55,9%), which no significant difference were found between female and male. The most common enteropathogens in diarrhoeal samples were E. histolytica/E. dispar (26%), Shigella spp (15,7%), Giardia lamblia (13,3%) and diarrheagenic E. coli (12,8%), from which Shigella spp (p = 0,0028) were shown to be associated to the cases of acute diarrhea. The most frequent categories of E. coli in diarrhoeal cases were ETEC (7,2%) and EAEC (5,9%). The less frequent enteropathogens, in diarrhoeal samples were Campylobacter jejuni/coli (4,7%), Rotavírus (2,8%), Salmonella Panama, A. hydrophila and A. sóbria (0,5%). These results are useful for environmental and epidemiological surveillance of acute diarrhea disease in Juruti.
RODRIGUES, Luiz Carlos de Souza. "Marcadores de estresse oxidativo e concentrações de primaquina e carboxiprimaquina em pacientes com malária por Plasmodium vivax." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/9101.
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As alterações no ciclo redox eritrocitário tem sido associadas a fisiopatogenia da malária grave em modelos experimentais e em humanos. Entretanto, poucos estudos avaliaram mudanças no equilibrio redox em pacientes com malária por Plasmodium vivax sem gravidade, que representam a maioria dos casos da doença. Não foram caracterizadas as variações do dano oxidativo e a respectiva resposta antioxidante do hospedeiro humano durante a evolução da doença, quer seja, antes, durante e após a quimioterapia, assim como, não foram identificadas em cada fase, os responsáveis pela geração de espécies reativas de oxigênio e nitrogênio, quer sejam, a degradação do heme, o uso de antimaláricos ou a explosão respiratória de macrófagos. Este estudo objetivou estimar marcadores de dano oxidativo e as defesas antioxidantes assim como, os níveis de primaquina e carboxiprimaquina na malária por P. vivax. Para tanto, foram incluidos 38 pacientes de ambos os sexos, com diagnóstico positivo para malária por P. vivax acompanhados durante 28 dias, nos quais foram realizadas coletas seriais de amostras de sangue antes do tratamento (D0) e após 2(D2), sete (D7) e quatorze dias (D14). O dano oxidativo e a defesa antioxidante foram avaliados pela medida espectrofotométrica da metemoglobina e dos compostos reativos ao ácido tiobarbitúrico e da capacidade antioxidante total e glutationa reduzida, respectivamente. O grupo controle foi composto de 19 voluntários saudáveis pareados em proporção por sexo e idade. A primaquina e seu metabólito foram determinados por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Os resultados indicaram maior incidência da doença em indivíduos do sexo masculino em idade produtiva. Os parâmetros hematológicos mantiveram-se constantes no decorrer do estudo, apesar de monocitose e discreta plaquetopenia. A avaliação bioquímica mostrou redução significativa da fração HDL do colesterol. Os níveis de metemoglobina foram associados ao uso de antimaláricos, pois foram semelhantes ao grupo controle, e aumentaram no decorrer do tratamento. Os compostos reativos ao ácido tiobarbitúrico foram associados a presença de parasitas, pois foram maiores em comparação ao grupo controle, e não variaram de forma significativa após administração dos fármacos. A capacidade antioxidante total e o índice de estresse oxidativo foram semelhantes durante o estudo, assim como, com o grupo controle. Os teores de glutationa reduzida diminuiram signifcativamente no decorrer do experimento em relação ao grupo controle e não houve correlação com a parasitemia. A primaquina não se acumulou significativamente no organismo humano no decorrer do estudo e suas concentrações e da carboxiprimaquina não se associaram a metemoglobinemia e aos níveis de compostos reativos ao ácido tiobarbitúrico.
The changes in redox cycle has been associated with the physiopathology of severity of malaria in experimental models and in humans. However, a few studies evaluated the changes in redox equilibrium of patients with no severe malaria by P.vivax, which comprise the majority of the cases of disease. The variations of oxidative damage and the respective antioxidant response of human host were not compared before, during and after chemotherapy. Also, the mechanisms responsible by the generation of free radical in each phase that is, the heme degradation, respiratory burst of macrophages or antimalarials uses, were not determined. The objective of this study was to estimate the levels of biomarkers of oxidative damage and the respective antioxidant response, as well as primaquine and carboxyprimaquine whole blood levels in malaria by P. vivax. Therefore, were enrolled 38 patients with slide confirmed infection by P. vivax followed by 28 days. Serial blood samples were collected on pre-doses samples (D0) and on D2, D7 and D14. The oxidative damage and the antioxidant defense were estimated by the spectrophotometric measures of thiobarbituric acid reatives substances and methemoglobinemia, and by total antioxidant capacity and reduced glutathione, respectively. The control group consisted of 19 healthy volunteers matched for age and gender ratio. Primaquine and its major metabolite were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The results revealed that the disease occurred in male patients of working age. Haematological parameters remained constant during the study. Biochemical evaluation showed a significant decrease in HDL-cholesterol levels during the study. Methemoglobinemia was associated with antimalarials uses, because the levels were similar to control group and increased significantly during the treatment. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reatives substances were associated with plasmodium and probably respiratory burst of macrophages, because they were higher than control group on D0, and no significant changes were observed after antimalarials usage. Total antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress levels were similar during the study as well as in the control group. The levels of reduced glutathione decreased significantly during the study and doesn’t be associated with both parasitaemia. Primaquine does not show a significant accumulation, and the concentrations of parent drug and its carboxyl metabolite were not associated with methemoglobinemia and thiobarbituric acid reatives substances levels.
Rodrigues, Regiane da Silva. "Avaliação de parâmetros fisiológicos e hemoparasitólogicos de Columbina talpacoti (Aves: Columbiformes): um estudo comparativo nos ambientes urbano e natural." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2018.80.
Full textA urbanização determina fortes pressões sobre as populações naturais. A riqueza e a abundância de espécies mais sensíveis à urbanização diminuem, enquanto espécies generalistas e/ou oportunistas tendem a se tornar mais comuns, gerando um processo de homogeneização biótica. Outra mudança importante é representada pelo aumento de níveis de transmissão de parasitos, aspecto que vem sendo investigado, principalmente entre aves. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se os indivíduos de Columbina talpacoti respondem de formas diferentes em relação aos ambientes naturais e ambientes urbanizados através da análise de índices hematológicos (razão heterófilos/linfócitos e leucócitos globais), parasitológicos (prevalência e parasitemia de hemoparasitos causadores da malária aviária) e índice de condição corporal. O estudo foi realizado no município de Uberlândia (MG). Foram estabelecidos 4 pontos de coleta dentro da cidade e 7 pontos de coleta na Reserva particular do Clube Caça e Pesca Itororó de Uberlândia. As capturas foram realizadas de março/2016 à outubro/2016, com redes de neblina. As aves foram capturadas e submetidas a procedimentos de coleta de sangue e medições biológicas. A coleta do sangue foi realizada através de venopunção braquial, com uma gota de sangue não heparinizado foi confeccionado o esfregaço sanguíneo, duas gotas de sangue foram acondicionadas em álcool absoluto em microtubos para posterior extração do DNA e investigação de haemosporídeos por PCR. A análise dos dados foi realizada através do teste-t e U-Mann-Whitney para verificar a existência de diferenças significativas entre os parâmetros analisados entre áreas urbanas e naturais. Para avaliar se há correlação nos parâmetros avaliados, os dados foram submetidos a correlação de Pearson e de Spearmann. Apenas a razão de heterófilos/linfócitos, que indica estresse, foi maior para área urbana do que na natural (t=3,673; p<0,05), os demais índices avaliados não apresentaram diferenças significativas. Também não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os parâmetros avaliados com o sexo. O teste de correlação mostrou que apenas o índice de H/L relacionou-se positivamente com os leucócitos totais (rs=0.394; p<0,05), os demais itens não apresentaram correlação entre si. Estes resultados indicam que os animais estão mais estressados no ambiente urbano, mas que com a disponibilidade alta de recursos alimentares em conjunto com a plasticidade fenotípica dos indivíduos, a condição corporal não se altera em nenhuma das áreas. Além disso, como as infecções avaliadas estão em estágio crônico, os sintomas da doença são brandos e quase inexistentes.
Urbanization creates strong pressures on natural populations. Both richness and abundance of more susceptible species diminish due to urbanization, while generalized and / or opportunistic species tend to become more common, leading to a process known as biotic homogenization. Another important contribution of Urbanization is represented by the increasing rates in parasite transmission, mainly among birds. In this sense, the main purpose of this study was to evaluate how individuals of Columbina talpacoti respond in different special gradients: natural and urbanized environments. Three indices were analyzed: hematological, parasitological (avian malaria prevalence and parasitemia) and body condition. The study was carried out in the city of Uberlândia (MG). There were 4 collection points within the city and 7 collection points in the Clube de Caça e Pesca Itororó de Uberlândia. Captures were carried out from March 2016 to October 2016, by using mist nets, and collecting a blood sample and morphometric measurements from each individual. Blood collection was done through a venipuncture, getting a drop of non-heparinized blood to make three blood smears. Two blood drops were conditioned in absolute alcohol in microtubes for later DNA extraction and PCR procedures. Data analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney test to verify the existence of significant differences between the patterns analyzed between urban and natural areas. The data was submitted to both Pearson and Spearmann correlation test to check for possible correlation among the variables. Only one hematological index (heterophilic / lymphocyte ratio), which indicates stress, was higher for the urban than natural area (t = 3.673, p <0.05). The other indices were not statistically significant. There were also no significant differences between sex identities as well. Only the H/L index was positively related to the total leukocytes (rs = 0.394, p <0.05), shown by the correlation tests. These results indicate that animals are more stressed in the urban environment. Having high food availability coupled with a phenotypic plasticity of individuals, body condition did not change in any of the areas. In addition, since the infections evaluated are in the chronic stage, the symptoms of the disease are mild and almost non-existent.
Dissertação (Mestrado)
Moço, Tatiana Cristina [UNESP]. "Caracterização morfológica, morfométrica e molecular de Hepatozoon spp. (Apicomplexa, Hepatozoidae) de serpentes brasileiras naturalmente infectadas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100585.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Hepatozoon spp. são os protozoários intracelulares mais frequentemente encontrados em serpentes. Tendo em vista a variedade de formas parasitando tais animais e as divergências dos dados encontrados em literatura, o objetivo deste estudo foi tentar separar espécies de Hepatozoon de serpentes, testando oligonucleotídeos que amplifiquem regiões genômicas menos conservadas, detectando diferenças entre as espécies, bem como realizar as caracterizações morfológicas, morfométricas e moleculares de Hepatozoon spp. de serpentes naturalmente infectadas. Para tal, foram utilizadas serpentes doadas ao Centro de Estudos de Venenos e Animais Peçonhentos (CEVAP) da Universidade Estadual Paulista de Botucatu que, em exames de rotina, mostraram-se positivos para tais parasitas. O sangue foi coletado por punção da veia caudal, foram confeccionados esfregaços sanguíneos e uma alíquota foi congelada a -20°C, para posterior extração do DNA. As caracterizações morfológicas e morfométricas foram realizadas utilizando um software especializado para análise de imagens. Dos 215 espécimes investigados, foram eleitos cinco exemplares de Crotalus durissus terrificus, nos quais foi visualizado um tipo de gamonte em cada espécime. Pela análise morfológica e morfométrica, estes gamontes foram agrupados em três populações. As alterações provocadas por tais parasitas, nas hemácias, também foram analisadas. Para a caracterização molecular das espécies de Hepatozoon através de sequenciamento genético, foram testados sete pares de oligonucleotídeos que amplificam regiões distintas do gene rDNA utilizando-se a técnica da PCR. Os testes realizados apontaram os pares de oligonucleotídeos HepF300/Hep900 e HEMO1/HEMO2 como eficientes em amplificar e caracterizar regiões genômicas Hepatozoon spp. de serpentes...
Hepatozoon spp. are the most frequent intracellular protozoa found in snakes. Given the variety of forms parasitizing these animals and differences of the data found in literature, the aim of this study was to attempt to separate Hepatozoon species of snakes, testing oligonucleotides that amplify less reliable genomic regions, detecting differences among species, as well as perform the morphological, morphometric and molecular characterization of Hepatozoon spp. of naturally infected snakes. For this purpose, were used snakes donated to Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals of the São Paulo State University/Botucatu (CEVAP) that, in routine were detected positive for such parasites. Blood was collected by the tail vein puncturing, blood smears were prepared and an aliquot was frozen at -20° C for subsequent DNA extraction. The morphological and morphometric characterization were performed by using a specialized image analysis software. Of the 215 investigated animals, five specimens of Crotalus durissus terrificus were elected, in which were found five parasitic forms that, by morphometric analysis, were grouped into three populations. The changes caused by these parasites in red blood cells were also analyzed. For the molecular characterization of Hepatozoon species through genetic sequencing, were tested seven pairs of primers that amplify different regions of the rDNA gene using the PCR technique. Only the primers HepF300/Hep900 and HEMO1/HEMO2 were efficient in amplifying and characterizing genomic regions of snakes Hepatozoon spp.. The best results were achieved when the sequences amplified from the both primers were analyzed together and the results were associated with the morphology and... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
MATOS, Edilson Rodrigues. "Caracterização de aspectos morfológicos e ultra-estruturais do ciclo de vida de microsporidios encontrados em peixes da Região Amazônica." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/5372.
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Este trabalho apresenta resultados obtidos em microscopia de luz (ML), microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (TEM) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (SEM) do ciclo de vida de algumas espécies de microsporídios (phylum Microsporidia Balbiani, 1882), parasitas da fauna ictiológica da região amazônica. Especial destaque é dado aos aspectos ultra-estruturais das diferentes fases do ciclo de vida, com atenção especial para as células esporais, que são as que caracterizam os diferentes gêneros e as diferentes espécies. O tecido hospedeiro é relacionado aos aspectos de lise, que ocorrem freqüentemente, bem como aspectos ultra-estruturais de xenomas que ocorrem em certas espécies destes parasitas.
This work describes the results in the light (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) obtained of the life cycle of some microsporidian species (phylum Microsporidia Balbiani, 1882) parasites of the ichthyofauna of the Amazon region. Emphasis special to the ultrastructural aspects of the different life cycle phases with evidence of the spores was given. The spores and life cycle stages characterized the different genus and species. The ultrastructural organization of the host tissues with the lysed aspects, that frequently occurred, and the ultrastructural aspects of the xenoma, was discussed.
BORGES, Samuel da Luz. "Frequência e diversidade de enteroparasitos veiculados por hortaliças comercializadas na cidade de Belém-PA e sua relação com a sazonalidade climática." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/3893.
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Os enteroparasitas constituem-se em importante problema de saúde para a população humana no mundo inteiro. O consumo de hortaliças é uma das grandes vias de transmissão desses patógenos. Este trabalho buscou determinar a frequência e a diversidade de enteroparasitos veiculados por hortaliças comercializadas, na região metropolitana de Belém-PA, e sua relação com a sazonalidade climática da região. Foram usadas 252 amostras de três espécies de hortaliças, sendo 84 de alface (Lactuca sativa- variedade crespa), 84 de agrião (Nasturtium officinale) e 84 de coentro (Coriandrum sativum) adquiridas em feiras, hortas e em um supermercado, no período de dezembro de 2008 a novembro de 2009. Cada amostra foi lavada com 500 ml de PBS, permitindo a sedimentação espontânea e posterior centrifugação dos 30 ml finais do sedimento. O sedimento final foi analisado à microscopia óptica comum. Os níveis de contaminação das três espécies de hortaliças foram obtidos pelas médias mensais de estruturas enteroparasitárias identificadas em cada uma delas, e pelo número total de parasitos identificados, nas amostras de cada feira, horta e supermercado. Aos resultados obtidos, na análise microscópica das amostras, foi aplicado o Teste do Quiquadrado e o Teste Exato de Fisher, para determinar a existência ou não de diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre esses resultados. Foi usado o nível de significância ≤ 0,05. A análise microscópica revelou uma contaminação de 100% das amostras obtidas nas feiras, nas hortas e no supermercado incluídos na pesquisa, não havendo diferença estatística na frequência total de parasitos entre elas. O Strongyloides stercoralis foi o parasito mais prevalente, seguido pelo complexo Entamoeba histolytica/dispar e pelos ancilostomídeos, tanto nas amostras das hortas, quanto nas amostras das feiras e do supermercado. O agrião e a alface apresentaram maior índice de contaminação parasitária que o coentro. Foi caracterizada a influência sazonal sobre a intensidade de parasitos nas hortaliças pesquisadas, pois houve diferença estatística entre os resultados obtidos com uma prevalência maior de parasitos nas amostras de verão, em relação as amostras de inverno. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as médias mensais de contaminação das hortaliças comercializadas nas feiras, nas hortas e no supermercado, indicando que, as condições de higiene sob as quais são comercializadas as hortaliças, apesar de importantes para manter suas características organolépticas, tem menor influência sobre os níveis de contaminação parasitária, que parece estar mais associada ao local e condições de cultivo desses vegetais. Esses dados permitem um bom grau de comparação para futuros trabalhos.
The intestinal parasites are an important healthy problem to human population worldwide. The consumption of vegetables is one of the major routes of transmission of this pathogens. This study aimed to determine the frequency and diversity of intestinal parasites transmitted by vegetables sold in the metropolitan region of Belém-PA and its relation to the seasonal climate of the region. It was used 252 samples of three species of vegetables, of which 84 were of lettuce (Lactuca sativacurly variety), 84 were watercress (Nasturtium officinale) and 84 were coriander (Coriandrum sativum) purchased in open markets, gardens and in a supermarket, from November of 2008 to December of 2009. Each samples was washed with 500ml of PBS, permitting the spontaneous sedimentation and centrifuging 30 ml of the final sediment. The final sediment was analyzed in an optical microscope. The levels of contamination of the three species of vegetables were obtained by the monthly average of intestinal parasite structures identified in each vegetable and by the total number of parasites identified in the samples of each open market, garden and supermarket. In the results obtained in the microscopic analysis of samples were applied the Chi-square and Fisher's Exact Test to determine the existence or not of significant differences between these results. It was used the significance level α ≤ 0.05. This microscopic analysis showed a contamination of 100% of the samples at open markets, gardens and supermarket included in the study, there isn’t statistical difference in overall frequency of parasites among them. Strongyloides stercoralis was the most prevalent parasite, followed by complex Entamoeba histolytic / dispar and the hookworms, both in samples from the gardens, as in samples of the open markets and the supermarket. The cress and lettuce had higher rates of parasitic contamination that coriander. It had been characterized seasonal influence on the intensity of parasites in vegetables investigated because there was statistical difference between the results obtained with a higher prevalence of parasites in samples of summer, for the samples of winter. There wasn’t also statistically significant difference between the monthly averages of contamination of vegetables sold in open markets, gardens and supermarket, indicating that the hygienic conditions under which the vegetables are sold, although important to keep their flavors, have less influence on levels of parasitic contamination, which seems to be associated with the place and growing conditions these plants. These datas permit a good level of comparison to future studies.
RODRIGUES, Ana Paula Drummond. "Efeito in vitro e in vivo do 5-hidroxi-2-hidroximetil-gama-pirona durante a infecção por Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/4509.
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CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
As leishmanioses são um grupo de doenças infecciosas distribuídas mundialmente. A quimioterapia é o tratamento mais eficaz para a doença; apesar do grande número de drogas antileishmania disponíveis, são usualmente tóxicas, caras e requerem um longo período de tratamento. Portanto, torna-se necessária a busca de novas substâncias que sejam capazes de atuar sobre o protozoário sem causar danos ao hospedeiro, que tenham uma via de administração não invasiva e que, ainda, sejam viáveis economicamente. O ácido kójico, ou 5-hidroxi-2-hidroximetil-γ-pirona (HMP), é conhecido por inibir a enzima tirosinase no processo de produção da melanina, sendo extensivamente utilizado em cosméticos e também como tratamento tópico para melasma, não havendo citotoxicidade em humanos; entretanto, o potencial do HMP como agente antileishmania não é conhecido. O presente estudo analisou o efeito deste bioproduto em infecções por L. amazonensis in vitro e in vivo. O HMP promoveu a diminuição do crescimento de promastigotas e amastigotas em 62% (IC50 34μg/mL) e 79% (IC50 27,84 μg/mL) in vitro, respectivamente. A análise ultraestrutural de ambas as formas evolutivas tratadas com 50 μg/mL do HMP apresentaram corpos vesiculares no interior da bolsa flagelar, induziu uma intensa vacuolização intracelular bem como alterações mitocondriais. O estudo in vitro também demonstrou que o HMP foi capaz de reverter o efeito inibitório causado pela L. amazonensis no que diz respeito à produção de radicais de oxigênio. A análise histopatológica de lesões proveniente de animais submetidos ao tratamento tópico com o HMP demonstrou que o tecido apresentou um intenso processo de cicatrização. Além disso, fibras colágenas foram encontradas de maneira organizada no local da infecção de animais tratados, com um pequeno infiltrado celular e diminuição do número de parasitos. Tendo em vista a ação seletiva do HMP in vitro, o processo de ativação da célula hospedeira pelo bioproduto e a diminuição do número de parasitos observados durante o tratamento com a pomada, e pelo fato do HMP ser amplamente utilizado como agente antimelasma em humanos, esse metabólito pode ser promissor como tratamento tópico contra a Leishmaniose cutânea e apresentando grande potencial como agente leishmanicida.
Leishmaniasis includes a group of infectious diseases with worldwide distribution. Chemotherapy is one of the most effective treatments for this disease; although a number of anti-leishmanial drugs are available, these drugs are in general toxic, expensive and require long-term treatment. Kojic acid, or 5-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-γ-pyrone (HMP), is well known for effectively inhibiting the tyrosinase enzyme in the process of melanin biosynthesis and is extensively used in cosmetics and as a topical treatment for melasm with no cytotoxicity observed in humans; however its potential as anti-leishmanial agent are unknown. The present study was designed to determine the effect of this bioproduct on L. amazonensis, following in vitro and in vivo infections. HMP (50μg/mL) was found to decrease the growth by 62% (IC50 34 μg/mL) and 79% (IC50 27.84 μg/mL) of promastigotes and amastigotes in vitro, respectively. Ultrastructural analysis of both evolutive forms showed that HMP increasing the presence of vesicles bodies into the flagellar pocket, and inducing an intense intracellular vacuolization and swelling of the mitochondrion. In vitro study also demonstrated that HMP is able to reverse ROS inhibitory mechanism promoted by L. amazonensis observed by nitroblue tetrazolium reaction. Histopathologycal analysis of in vivo topical treatment with HMP ointment showed healing process and suppressed ulcer dissemination in animal model. In addition, collagen fibers stained by picrosirus red, were found at the infection site of HMP-treated animals and an absence or low-level cellular infiltrate was observed, as well as a decrease in parasite burden. In view of the in vitro selective action of HMP on leishmania parasites, the activation of host cells and in vivo decrease in parasite burden, observed using HMP ointment, as well as the fact that HMP is widely and safely applied as an antimelasm agent in humans, this compound could be useful for the selective treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and may hold great potential as an anti-leishmanial agent.
HENRIQUES, Daniele Freitas. "Imunopatologia hepática da infecção experimental do vírus dengue em Callithrix penicillata." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015. http://ppgbaip.propesp.ufpa.br/ARQUIVOS/teses/2015/DANIELE_FREITAS_HENRIQUES.pdf.
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A Dengue constitui um dos principais problemas de Saúde Pública no mundo, e um dos fatores que colaboram com esta situação é a falta de uma vacina eficaz contra a doença, sendo que em parte, essa dificuldade para obtenção, se deve à inexistência de um modelo experimental que represente o quadro de infecção e manifestação da doença similar aos observados em humanos. Dessa forma, o Instituto Evandro Chagas demonstrou a presença de antígenos virais de dengue, através do teste de Imuno-histoquímica, em primata não humano (PNH) da espécie Callithrix jacchus, o qual evoluiu a óbito com quadro de dengue hemorrágica. Diante do exposto, aliados ao fato de que o fígado é o órgão onde se observa as principais alterações provocadas pelo Virus Dengue (VDEN) em humanos, torna-se importante analisar o fígado de primatas do gênero Callithrix a fim de estudar a patogênese e a imunopatologia da infecção sequencial pelo VDEN. No total, 26 PNH da espécie Callithrix penicillata foram submetidos a infecção primária (IP) por via subcutânea com VDEN-3 (3,23 x 103 PFU/mL), sendo 13 destes animais anestesiados e sacrificados diariamente por sete dias pós-infecção (dpi) (fase aguda) e em intervalos aleatórios até 60 dpi (fase convalescente); a infecção secundária (IS) com VDEN-2 (4,47 x 104 PFU/mL) foi realizada dois meses após a IP nos demais 13 animais. Animais sentinelas não infectados foram reservados até o final do experimento. O fígado dos animais foram processados para histopatologia e imunohistoquímica usando anticorpos policlonais para VDEN e anticorpos para análises da resposta imune inata, celular e citocínica. Os PNH estudados foram suscetíveis à replicação sequencial do VDEN-3 e VDEN-2 no fígado, havendo expressão de antígenos virais em hepatócitos, células de Kupffer e nos corpúsculos de Councilman; o comprometimento histopatológico do fígado foi caracterizado por: presença de apoptose; focos de necrose lítica; esteatose; tumefação cellular; inflamação acinar, no espaço porta (EP) e na veia hepática central (VHC); hiperplasia/hipertrofia em células de Kupffer, bem como, hemossiderina em células de Kupffer; e dilatação dos sinusóides. A intensidade da lesão hepática foi proeminente na fase aguda da IP e IS, apresentando discreta hepatite aguda. A apoptose foi a forma predominante de morte em hepatócitos; bem como, necrose lítica e o infiltrado inflamatório apresentaram padrão de distribuição predominante em Z2. Observou-se aumento na expressão acinar de macrófagos ativados, células NK, proteína S-100 e linfócitos B durante as fases da IP e IS; houve ainda, aumento da expressão acinar de linfócitos TCD4+ durante a fase aguda da IP; observou-se aumento na expressão acinar de IFN- durante as fases da IP e IS, TNF-α e IL-8 com maior prevalência na IS, TGF-β e IL-10 mais expressas na fase aguda da IP, proteína Fas durante a fase aguda da IP e IS e VCAM na fase aguda da IS e aumento na expressão nos EP. Esses achados foram semelhantes aos observados em fígados de casos fatais de dengue em humanos, porém com intensidade e amplitude menor, sugerindo que PNH da espécie Callithrix penicillata é um bom modelo experimental para o estudo da infecção pelo VDEN, especialmente os aspectos imunopatológicos.
Dengue is one of most important public health problem in the world, and one of the factors that contribute with this situation is the lack of an effective vaccine against the disease, and in part, this difficulty to obtain is due clinical the lack of an experimental model that mimic the infection and manifestation of the disease as those observed in humans. Then, the Evandro Chagas Institute showed the presence of dengue antigens using the Immunohistochemistry assay, in the liver of a non-human primate (NHP) of the species Callithrix jacchus, with a fatal outcome following dengue hemorrhagic fever. Based in the above considerations and in addition to the fact that the liver is the targetb organ for Dengue Virus (DENV) in humans, it is important to analyze the liver of primates of the genus Callithrix in order to study the pathogenesis and the immunopathology of sequential infection by DENV. A total of 26 NHP Callithrix penicillata were submitted to primary infection (PI) subcutaneously with DENV-3 (3.23 x 103 PFU/mL), and 13 of these animals anesthetized and sacrificed daily for seven days post-infection (dpi) (acute phase) and in random intervals until 60 dpi (convalescent phase); the secondary infection (SI) with DENV-2 (4.47 x 104 PFU/mL) was performed two months after the PI in the remaining 13 animals. Uninfected sentinels animals were reserved up ending of the experiment. The liver of the animals were processed for histopathology and Immunohistochemical assay using polyclonal antibodies to DENV and antibodies for analyses of the innate and cellular immune response as well as the cytokine expression . The NHP were susceptible to sequential infection by DENV-3 and DENV-2; in the liver viral antigens were expressed in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells and Councilman bodies; the histopathological changes in liver was characterized by the presence of apoptosis, focal lytic necrosis, steatosis, swelling cellular, inflammation (acinar, EP and HCV), hyperplasia/hypertrophy in Kupffer cells, hemosiderin in Kupffer cells and sinusoidal dilatation; the intensity of the liver damage was prominent in the acute phase of PI and SI resulting in acute hepatitis. In addition the apoptosis was the most frequent mechanism of death of hepatocytes; lytic necrosis and inflammatory infiltrate showed predominant distribution pattern in Z2. An increase of the acinar expression of activated macrophages, NK cells, S-100 protein and B-lymphocytes during the stages of PI and SI; as well as, increased acinar expression of TCD4 + lymphocytes during the acute phase of PI; as to the quantification of cytokines and molecules, was observed an increase in acinar expression of: IFN- during the stages of PI and SI, TNF-α and IL-8 with higher prevalence in SI, TGF-β and IL-10 with prevalence in acute phase of PI, Fas protein during the acute phase of PI and SI and VCAM in acute phase of SI, as well as increase in expression in the EP. These findings were similar to those observed in livers from fatal cases of dengue fever in humans, but with lower intensity and amplitude, thus indicating that NHP Callithrix penicillata species is a good experimental model for infection by DENV, involving immunopathologic studies.
Villalba, Aleman Evaristo. "Manifestações hematológicas e morfológicas no sistema nervoso central em animais infectados com Trypanosoma cruzi: revisão sistemática." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2018. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/22581.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O protozoário Trypanosoma cruzi é o agente etiológico da doença de Chagas, responsável por promover diversas alterações hematológicas e teciduais que afetam mais de 10 milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo. A espécie possui um ciclo evolutivo digene'tico. 0 T. cruzi possui uma grande diversidade genética o que lhe dá a habilidade de poder invadir uma ampla variedade de tecidos como o cardíaco, hepático, digestivo, conjuntivo e nervoso causando deficiências fisiológicas generalizadas. Neste estudo nós realizamos mediante revisões sistemáticas a avaliação das principais alterações hematológicas e morfológicas no Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC) que acontecem em mamíferos não humanos durante infecções naturais e experimentais com T. cruzi. Foram realizadas duas revisões sistemáticas utilizando bases de dados PubMed e Scopus e, através do Guia Prisma os estudos foram selecionados e submetidos à extração de dados e análise de vie's metodológico. A Tabela Arrive, foi utilizada para avaliar o nível de detalhamento cientifico dos trabalhos. No artigo 1, onde analisamos as alterações hematológicas em animais infectados com T. cruzi, dos Trinta e um estudos selecionados, a metade demostrou uma redução no número de eritrócitos, indicando anemia e, na maioria dos estudos a quantidade total de valores de leucograma aumentou, sugerindo infecção. No artigo 2, analisamos as alterações morfológicas no SNC em indivíduos infectados com T. cruzi, os 32 estudos selecionados mostraram que as alterações mais frequentes no SNC são a presença de T. cruzi e infiltrado inflamatório mononuclear, principalmente formado por linfócitos. Os principais focos de parasitismo foram as zonas perivasculares no cérebro, cerebelo, e medula espinal. Em geral nossos achados demostraram que: 1) os parâmetros hematológicos podem direcionar o diagnóstico da doença de Chagas na fase inicial; 2) O encéfalo e' o principal alvo de T. cruzi, e as alterações inflamatórias no SNC são mais frequentes na fase aguda da infecção; 3) As alterações morfológicas dependem das características da patogenicidade e virulência das cepas de T. cruzi; 4) As alterações inflamatórias foram dependentes das cepas indicando que há tropismo diferencial no SNC.
The protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiologic agent of Chagas’ disease, responsible for several hematological and tissue changes affecting more than 10 million people worldwide. The species has a digenetic evolutionary cycle. T. cruzi is endowed with great genetic diversity which gives it the ability to invade a wide variety of tissues such as the heart, liver, digestive, connective and nervous, causing generalized physiological deficiencies. In this study, we performed systematic reviews of the major hematological and morphological changes in the Central Nervous System (CNS) that occur in non-human mammals during natural and experimental T. cruzi infections. Two systematic reviews were carried out through systematic surveys in PubMed and Scopus by publications. Using the Prisma Guide, the studies were selected and submitted to data extraction and methodological bias analysis and, through the Arrive Table, the level of scientific detail of the work was evaluated. In the article 1, wherein analyzing the hematological changes in animals infected with T. cruzi, the selected Thirty-one study, half demonstrated a reduction in the number of erythrocytes, indicating anemia and, in most studies the total number of WBC values increased, suggesting infection. Article 2, we analyzed morphological changes in the CNS in subjects infected with T cruzi, the 32 selected studies showed that the more frequent changes in the CNS are the presence of T. cruzi and mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate primarily consists of T lymphocytes. The main foci of parasitism were the perivascular zones in the brain, cerebellum, and spinal cord. In general, our findings demonstrated that: 1) hematological parameters can direct the diagnosis of Chagas disease in the initial phase; 2) The brain is the main target of T cruzi, inflammatory changes in the CNS are more frequent in the acute phase of infection; 3) The morphological changes depend of the pathogenicity and virulence of T. cruzi strains; 4) Inflammatory changes were dependent on the strains indicating that there is differential tropism in the CNS.
ALVARENGA, Betânia Mara. "Avaliação in vitro dos efeitos de miltefosina, orizalina e TC95 no crescimento de Entamoeba histolytica." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/9186.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A amebíase caracteriza-se como uma doença crônica, não inflamatória, afebril que envolve a parede do intestino grosso podendo invadir a mucosa intestinal e se disseminar para outros órgãos, principalmente o fígado. A infecção por Entamoeba histolytica é tratada pelo metronidazol, mas este apresenta efeitos colaterais, por isso buscam-se medicamentos mais eficazes e que não tragam nenhum efeito adverso ao paciente. Além disso, o teste de novos fármacos pode revelar importantes particularidades do parasito, tais como a descoberta de vias metabólicas ou mesmo possíveis diferenças em sua estrutura. No presente trabalho foi testado o efeito amebicida do metronidazol, da dinitroanilina orizalina, uma droga inibidora de microtúbulos, da aquilfosfocolina miltefosina, que inibe a síntese de fosfolipídios de membrana, e da droga hibrida TC95, que apresenta os grupos funcionais dinitroanilina e alquilfosfocolina. Realizou-se cultura com trofozoítos do protozoário, onde as drogas e o controle com os diluentes foram adicionados após 7 horas de cultivo. Foi feita a contagem dos trofozoítos viáveis após período de 12 horas da adição das drogas e do controle em intervalos de 12 a 60 horas. Após análise das curvas de crescimento, detectou-se que o TC95 foi a droga mais efetiva dos três tratamentos, a miltefosina obteve pouca inibição e a orizalina não foi efetiva. Isso se deve a maior suscetibilidade do parasito a danos de membrana, com pouca efetividade da inibição dos microtúbulos.
Amebiasis is characterized as a chronic, noninflammatory, afebrile which involves the colon wall and can invade the intestinal mucosa and spread to other organs, especially the liver. Entamoeba histolytica infection is treated with metronidazole, but this one presents side effects, so researches have been done to find more effective drugs with no adverse effects to the patient. In addition, testing new drugs may reveal important features of the parasite, such as the discovery of metabolic pathways or possible differences in their structure. In the present study, it was tested the amoebicidal effect of metronidazole, dinitroaniline oryzalin, a microtubule inhibitor, miltefosine, an alkylphosphocholine, that inhibits the membrane phospholipids syntesis, and TC95, a hybrid drug that presents the functional groups dinitroaniline and alkylphosphocholine. It was performed a culture with protozoan trophozoites, where the drugs and the control with diluents were added after 7 hours of culture. It was made a count of the viable trophozoites 12 hours after the addition of the drugs and the control at intervals of 12 to 60 hours. After analyzing the growth curves, it was found that the TC95 was the most effective drug of the three treatments, miltefosine had little inhibition and oryzalin was not effective. This is due to greater susceptibility of the parasite to membrane damage, with little effectiveness on microtubules inhibition.
Cardoso, Elisama Azevedo. "Influência das proteínas motoras e CK2 no processo de interação Leishmania braziliensis-macrófago." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8114.
Full textO gênero Leishmania é responsável por um grupo de parasitoses que podem variar desde lesões auto-limitadas até severa injúria de tecido. Estes protozoários são parasitos obrigatoriamente intracelulares, tendo o macrófago como célula hospedeira. Durante o processo de fagocitose os macrófagos utilizam a maquinaria presente em seu citoesqueleto, a qual compreende a participação de miosinas e actinas, para a formação do fagossoma. Estas proteínas estão envolvidas em processos como citocinese, tráfego intracelular de organelas e vesículas, podendo interferir com a penetração do parasito. Alguns trabalhos vêm sendo realizados visando analisar a expressão, localização e o papel de miosina e de actina em Leishamania. Estudos associados à participação destas proteínas motoras em processo vitais para a biologia do parasito podem auxiliar na compreensão de seu ciclo e permitir a geração de conhecimentos que apontem novos alvos para intervenções terapêuticas. Uma vez que a miosina é necessária no transporte intracelular, alguns estudos tentam analisar a expressão e a localização intracelular de miosinas na Leishmania. Estudos mostram a presença de atividades cinásicas do tipo CK2 em diversos tripanossomatídeos, ligadas ao crescimento celular, morfologia e infectividade de promastigotas para macrófagos. Desta maneira, como objetivo desta tese temos o estudo da participação das miosinas, actina e CK2 na infectividade da Leishmania braziliensis. Além disso, investigamos a influência destas proteínas na produção de citocinas pelos macrófagos e em sua atividade microbicida. Lipoxina, latrunculina, nocodazol e TBB promoveram uma inibição de, pelo menos, 50% no crescimento de L. braziliensis. A CK2 secretada pelo parasito foi purificada de seu sobrenadante através de coluna de HPLC e a fração 44 mostrou ser a fração correspondente a esta enzima. A lipoxina e o TBB promoveram a inibição da atividade desta enzima ao contrário da latrunculina que forneceu aumento dessa atividade. O pré-tratamento dos parasitos ou dos macrófagos com lipoxina, latrunculina, nocodazol e TBB promoveram uma inibição de cerca de 50% no índice de associação entre Leishmania e macrófagos não-ativados ou ativados por LPS e IFN-γ. Latrunculina e TBB aumentaram a produção de NO em macrófagos não ativados e não infectados enquanto que em macrófagos ativados à exceção do TBB, todas as drogas diminuíram a produção de NO. A liberação de IL-10 foi diminuída após tratamento com todas as drogas em macrófagos não ativados em ausência de promastigotas e ativados em presença do parasito. Para a produção de TNF-α há uma redução significativa em macrófagos ativados não infectados tratados com latrunculina, nocodazol e TBB. Quando ativados e infectados, os macrófagos tratados com lipoxina tiveram a produção dessa citocina aumentada, ao contrário do TBB em que houve redução. Quando avaliamos a integridade da actina verificamos que todos os compostos foram capazes de influenciar a distribuição dessa proteína, levando a uma redução no índice de associação. Ao transfectarmos a cauda da miosina Va fusionada a GFP nos macrófagos observamos que houve uma diminuição de 94% no índice de associação. Nossos dados confirmam a importância da CK2, actina e miosina Va no processo de interação parasito- macrófago.
The members of the genus Leishmania are responsible for a group of parasitic diseases that vary from self-limited lesions to severe tissue injury. These parasites are obligatory intracellular protozoa that use human macrophages as hosts. Their entry into macrophages occurs through phagocytosis that involves the cytoskeleton, comprised of actin and myosin, to form the phagosomes. Actin and myosin are also involved in other cellular processes including cytokinesis, intracellular trafficking of organelles and vesicles, which may interfere with parasite entry. Previous studies have analyzed the expression, localization and role of both actin and myosin in Leishmania. Their participation in various processes vital to the biology of the parasite suggests new targets for therapeutic intervention. Since myosin is required for intracellular transport, attempts have been made to examine the intracellular localization and expression of Leishmania myosin. Studies have shown the presence of kinase activity of CK2 in various trypanosomes linked to cell growth, morphology and infectivity of macrophages by promastigotes. Therefore, the objective of this thesis was to investigate the role of myosin, actin and CK2 for infectivity of Leishmania brasiliensis. In addition, the influence of these proteins in cytokine production and microbiocidal activity in human macrophages was investigated. Drug-based inhibition using lipoxin, latrunculin, nocodozole and TBB caused at least a 50% decrease in growth of L. brasiliensis. The CK2 secreted by the parasite was purified from the supernatant of cultures by HPLC and fraction 44 was determined to correspond to this protein. Lipoxin and TBB were shown to inhibit CK2 activity, contrary to latrunculin that increased its activity. Pretreatment of parasites or macrophages with either lipoxin, latrunculin, nocodozole or TBB lead to a ~50% decrease in the association index between L. brasiliensis and macrphages, with or without preactivation with LPS and INF-γ. Latrunculin and TBB increased the NO in non-activated macrophages and parasites did not infect activated macrophages treated with latrunculin. The other drugs all decreased the production of NO. The release of IL-10 was decreased after treatment with all drugs in non-activated macrophages in the presence of parasites and in activated macrophages in the presence of parasites. For the production of TNF-α, there was a significant decrease in activated macrophages by latrunculin, nocodozole and TBB. When macrophages were activated and infected, treatment with lipoxin showed an increase in the production of this cytokine, opposite to the reduction observed with TBB. When evaluating the integrity of actin, all compounds were determined to influence the organization of actin leading to a decrease in the association index. The transfection of the tail of myosin Va fused to eGFP into macrophages was observed to decrease the association index by 94%. The data confirm the importance of CK2, actin and myosin Va in the process of interactions between parasites and macrophages.
Silva, Luciana Damacena. "Influência da exposição ao carbonato de cálcio no metabolismo de compostos orgânicos e inorgânicos em biomphalaria glabrata, hospedeiro de schistosoma mansoni." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3111.
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Biomphalaria snails act as intermediate hosts that harbor the Schistosoma mansoni parasite, the causative agent of schistosomiasis. As population increases, snails have their geographical distribution conditioned to the presence of calcium in the environment, which is essential for their energetic metabolism. The objective of this study was the assessment on the influence of exposure to different concentrations of CaCO3 (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/L) at different intervals (1, 14, 21 and 30 days) forthe concentrations of glucose, calcium, total proteins, urea, uric acid and creatinine in hemolymph B. glabrata. All substances were dosed using specific kits with a spectrophotometer reading at 545 nm. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was the technique applied to quantify the presence of organic acids: pyruvate, oxaloacetate, citrate, succinate, fumarate, propionate, acetoacetate and βhydroxybutyrate in the hemolymph of mollusks exposed to CaCO3. Results revealed that the calcium concentration in the hemolymph did not present significant difference (p>0.05) with regard to control as well as to the concentrations assessed. The glucose concentration decreased (p<0.05) in exposures to 20mg and 40mg and increased in exposures to 80mg and 100mg of CaCO3 with regard to control. The organic acids pyruvate, oxaloacetate, citrate, succinate fumarate and lactate had their concentrations increased; propionate in turn had its concentration decreased set against control in exposure to CaCO3. In the exposures to the concentrations assessed, acetoacetate decreased and β-hidroxibutirato increased. Total proteins and urea presented decrease. The uric acid concentration increased in the exposure to 20mg of CaCO3; the creatinine concentration increased in the exposures to 40mg and 100mg of CaCO3. It was possible to conclude that snails exposed to different concentrations of CaCO3 had their major metabolic alterations occurring from the 14th day of exposure.
Moluscos do gênero Biomphalaria são conhecidos pelo seu papel como hospedeiro intermediário do parasito Schistosoma mansoni, causador da doença esquistossomose mansônica. O aumento da população desses moluscos, consequentemente sua distribuição geográfica está condicionada a presença de cálcio no mbiente, também considerado um elemento essencial no metabolismo energético do molusco. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a influência da exposição às diferentes concentrações de CaCO3 (20, 40, 60, 80 e 100 mg/L), em diferentes intervalos de tempo (1, 14, 21 e 30 dias) sobre às concentrações de glicose, cálcio, proteínas totais, ureia, ácido úrico e creatinina na hemolinfa de B. glabrata, ambas as substâncias foram dosadas através de kits específicos e lidas em espectrofotômetro em 545 nm. Através da técnica de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE), foi quantificado a presença de ácidos orgânicos: piruvato, oxaloacetato, citrato, succinato, fumarato, propionato, acetoacetato e β-hidroxibutirato na hemolinfa dos moluscos expostos ao CaCO3. Os resultados demonstraram que a concentração de cálcio na hemolinfa não apresentou diferença significativa (p>0,05) em relação ao controle, bem como, entre as concentrações testadas. A concentração de glicose diminuiu (p<0,05) nas exposições a 20mg e 40mg e aumentou nas exposições a 80mg e 100mg de CaCO3 em relação ao controle. Os ácidos orgânicos piruvato, oxaloacetato, citrato, succinato, fumarato e lactato tiveram suas concentrações aumentadas e propionato diminuída comparada ao controle na exposição ao CaCO3. A concentração de acetoacetato diminuiu e a de β-hidroxibutirato aumentou na exposição às concentrações testadas. Houve diminuição na concentração de proteínas totais e de ureia. A concentração de ácido úrico aumentou na exposição a 20mg de CaCO3 e, a concentração de creatinina aumentou nas exposições à 40mg e 100mg de CaCO3. Concluiu-se que moluscos expostos às diferentes concentrações de CaCO3, principalmente a partir de 14 dias, alteram o metabolismo como acontece em situações de estresse fisiológico, com a finalidade de regular o sistema redox do molusco.
Brinker, Janine Cristina. "Prevalência de anticorpos para Neospora caninum em cães das áreas urbana e rural do município de Caxias do sul, Rio Grande do Sul." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/48921.
Full textBelonging to the phylum Apicomplexa, Neospora caninum causes infections associated with fetal loss and neonatal mortality among several animal species. This disease has been reported since 1984, when the first cases of encephalitis and myositis in dogs occurred. They play a key role in the epidemiology of the protozoan, because they are its definite hosts, as well as the coyotes and the Australian dog dingo. Due to its importance in the world and to the differences of prevalence in the several Brazilian states, there is the need to investigate the occurrence of the protozoan among dogs in Rio Grande do Sul. Serum samples from 313 dogs from urban and country areas of Caxias do Sul were tested for the presence of antibodies to N. caninum by indirect immunofluorescence assay (RIFI≥1:50). In urban areas the prevalence was 2% (5/160) and in rural areas was 12% (36/153) (p <0.0001). The serological titers ranged from zero (86.9%) to 1:6400 (0.64%) and 1:50 (5.11%), the most prevalent among the positives. None of the dogs examined showed clinical signs of neosporosis during blood collection. Among the risk factors evaluated, the age of rural dogs was the only significant one (p = 0.0053), with a prevalence of 1% (2/34) among those with less than a year old and 22% (34/119) among the ones which were more than one year old. Concerning the factors gender, feeding, confinement, contact with cattle and carcasses collection, the country dogs did not show significant difference related to seropositivity. Among urban dogs, the factors gender, feeding and age did not show significant difference regarding the positivity of the animals. This study showed that dogs from country areas of Caxias do Sul are more likely to get infected by N. caninum, especially the animals which are more than one year old. In dogs from urban areas the protozoan was also present in Caxias do Sul, requiring further studies among this population.
Cañón-Franco, William Alberto. "Detecção molecular de coccídios da familia sarcocystidae em amostras teciduais de pequenos felídeos neotropicais do Rio Grande do Sul." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/72177.
Full textFew studies have quantified the relative risk of human health from spillover of zoonotic diseases from populations of wild animals; these studies are crucial for understanding the natural history of zoonoses. Coccidia, particularly from the family Sarcocystidae, are important transmissible agents at the interface of man and domestic and wild animals. The diagnosis of Coccidiosis is hampered by the limited availability of samples resulting from protection of natural populations of the species at risk of extinction. The aim of this study was to detected, by amplification of ITS-1 locus, protozoa from the subfamilies Sarcocystinae and Toxoplasmatinae in tissue samples from Puma yagouaroundi, Leopardus geoffroyi, L. tigrinus, L. wiedii, L. colocolo and L. pardalis, deposited in biological collections of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. An additional aim was to obtain information that would enable assessment of the epidemiological role of the protozoa in the sylvatic cycle of the parasite, and its possible impact on wildlife populations and public health. Ninety free-living small wild felines, representing 6 species, were sampled. Of these, 31 felids (34.4%) of all six species were positive for T. gondii and DNA was detected in 63 of 433 (14.6%) primary tissue samples collected from the tongue (28.6%), brain (18.6%), skeletal muscle (17.1%), ocular muscles (13.6%), eye (13.6%), heart (11.1%), diaphragm (5.4%) and vitreous humor (4.5%). Twelve primary samples positive for T. gondii were genotyped with molecular markers SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and apical CS3. Using the multilocus PCR-RFLP technique, sample Py#36m was fully genotyped as Type I with allele II in locus BTUB, and a new atypical Py#21M, both isolates from Puma yagouaroundi and never described in Brazil. Nine other samples had a partial characterization. Thirteen of the 90 felids were positive for Sarcocystis spp. (14.4%) and another 18 felids, representing 5 species, harbored S. felis-like organisms [Py (#75m, #83m, #35m, #20li, #55li), Lg (#80m, #70m, #88m, #71li, #67mOi), Lt (#19m, #48m, #89m, #84m), Lw (#12, #73d) and Lc (#82m, #76m)]. A single felid of L. pardalis was negative. Parasite DNA was detected in 11.8% (51/433) of the tissues examined: muscle skeletal (26.5%), tongue (23.2%), ocular muscles (13.6%), diaphragm (10.7 %), brain (2.3%), heart (1.6%) and eye (4.5%); none of the 44 samples of vitreous humor was positive. This is the first description of the detection and genetic characterization of T. gondii and S. felis-like in free-living Brazilians wild felids, demonstrating the presence of these agents in the sylvatic cycle, and the potential transmition to humans and other domestic and wild animals. The use of tissue samples from wild animals deposited in biological collections for epidemiological studies of diseases demonstrated to be of great utility.
GALARDO, Allan Kardec Ribeiro. "A importância do Anopheles darlingi Root, 1926 e Anopheles marajoara Galvão e Damasceno, 1942 na transmissão de malária no município de Macapá/AP - Brasil." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/4746.
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Projeto PIATAM Mar
A malária no município de Macapá é principalmente peri urbana, áreas estas caracterizadas por ressaca, pela presença de fragmentos de floresta e assentamentos desordenados (invasões). O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a importância dos Anopheles darlingi e Anopheles marajoara na transmissão de malária em Macapá. O estudo foi realizado de outubro de 2007 a setembro de 2008, na comunidade de Lagoa dos Índios, Macapá. Foram coletados 4.601 mosquitos, dos quais 3.029 foram Anopheles marajoara (65,8%), 917 Anopheles darlingi (19,9%), 429 Anopheles braziliensis (9,3%), 208 Anopheles triannulatus (4,5%), 18 Anopheles peryassui (0,4%) e cinco Anopheles nuneztovari (0,1%). Apenas 32,8% dos espécimes foram coletadas no intradomicilio (1.511) e 67,2% no peridomicilio (3.090). O Indice de Picada Homem Hora do An. darlingi no intradomicilio variou entre 0 a 6,5 e no peridomicilio de 0 a 22 picadas homem hora. Já para o An. marajoara a variaçao foi de 0 a 22 no intradomicilio e de 0 a 175,5 no peridomicilio. A analise das exúvias e da dissecção de genitália resultaram na confirmaçao das duas espécies estudadas, An. darlingi e An. marajoara, e que o An. marajoara é a única espécie do complexo albitarsis circulante na área. A abundância dos vetores flutuou associada com o padrão sazonal das chuvas. An. darlingi é mais abundante no final e inicio das chuvas, enquanto o An. marajoara esteve presente em alta densidade durante todo o período de chuvas. Dos 4.601 mosquitos testados, 100 foram positivos para plasmódios humanos pelo método de ELISA, resultando em uma taxa de infecção de 2,17%. Dos 3.029 An. marajoara testados 71 (2,34%) foram positivos e dos 917 An. darlingi, 28 (3,05%). Este estudo demonstrou que as duas espécies estudadas mantêm a transmissão de malária durante todo o ano, ratificando assim a importância das mesmas.
Malaria in the municipality of Macapá is mainly peri urban, which are characterized by flooding area, presence of forest fragments and disorganized settlements. The aim of this study was to determine the importance of Anopheles darlingi e Anopheles marajoara in the malaria transmission in Macapá. The study was carried out from October 2007 to September 2008, in the Lagoa dos Índios community, Macapá. It was collected 4,601 mosquitoes, from which 3,029 were Anopheles marajoara (65,8%), 917 Anopheles darlingi (19,9%), 429 Anopheles braziliensis (9,3%), 208 Anopheles triannulatus (4,5%), 18 Anopheles peryassui (0,4%) and 5 Anopheles nuneztovari (0,1%). Only 32.8% (1.511) of the adult mosquitoes were collected indoors and 67.2% (3.090) outdoors. The index of the bites by man and by hour for An. darlingi in the intradomicile had ranged from 0 to 6.5 and in the peridomicile from 0 a 22. As for the An. marajoara the range was from 0 to 22 in the intradomicile and from 0 to 175.5 in the peridomicile. The analysis of the exuvia and the genitalia dissecation had resulted in the confirmation of the two species, An. darlingi and An. marajoara, and that the An. marajoara is the only albitarsis complex specie that is circulating in the study area. The vectors abundance had flutuated associated with the sazonal pattern of the rain. An. darlingi is the most frequent at the beginning and end of the rain, while An. marajoara was present, in high density, during the rainy season. From the 4,601 tested mosquitoes, 100 were positive for human malaria parasites by the ELISA method with a infection index of 2.17%. The infection index for An. marajoara was 2,34% (71/3,029) and for An. darlingi 3.05% (28/917). This study had demonstrated that the two studied species are responsible for the malaria transmission maintenance during the whole year, thus confirming the importance of both.
ARRUDA, José Eduardo Gomes. "Diagnóstico e epidemiologia da Entamoeba histolytica em residentes do município de Juruti-Pará." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/4860.
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Amebíase é a infecção no homem causada pelo protozoário Entamoeba histolytica, apresentam quadros sem manifestações clínicas até graves de elevada morbimortalidade e sendo responsável por milhões de casos de disenteria e abscessos hepáticos a cada ano. Os dados epidemiológicos da amebíase no Brasil estão sendo reavaliados desde que a Entamoeba histolytica (patogênica) foi considerada espécie distinta da Entamoeba dispar (não patogênica). Neste estudo, realizou- se o diagnóstico da amebíase por meio de métodos parasitológicos, pesquisa de antígenos e método molecular em amostras fecais de pacientes residentes no município de Juruti, Pará, Brasil. Foram analisadas 188 amostras, com positividade em 28 (14,89 %) no método imunológico, que foi considerado como padrão ouro. A infecção por E. histolytica foi maior no grupo etário acima de 14 anos (8,51%) que no grupo de 0-14 anos (6,38%), porém sem significância estatística (p > 0,05). Houve discordância nos resultados dos métodos ELISA e coproscópico em 41 amostras (21,81%), com maior número de positivos no teste imunoenzimático. O diagnóstico pelo método de PCR apresentou positividade de 5,88% (3/51), resultado inferior ao observado na microscopia (7,84% - 4/51) e teste de ELISA (11,76% - 6/51). Assim, nossos resultados sugerem que a amebíase intestinal é um problema de saúde pública no município de Juruti.
The amebiasis is a human infection caused by the protozoa Entamoeba histolytica, which can be without any clinical manifestations till severe ones with high morbidity and mortality, and is responsible for millions of dysenteric cases an hepatic abscesses, annually. The epidemiological data of amebiasis in Brazil are under revision and reevaluation since the Entamoeba histolytica (pathogenic) was considered a distinct specie from Entamoeba dispar (non pathogenic). In this study, it was carried out the diagnosis of amebiasis by parasitological and molecular methods and antigen search (ELISA) in stool samples from residents in the municipality of Juruti, Pará state, Brazil. We had analyzed 188 stool samples, with positivity in28 (14,89 %) on the immunological test, which was considered as gold standard. The infection by E. histolytica was higher in the age group over 14 years old (8,51%) than in the one of 0-14 years (6,38%), but it was not showed statistical significance (p >0,05). There was discordance between the results of ELISA and microscopical methods in 41 samples (21,81%), and the immuno enzymatic had detected more positive samples than the other one. The diagnosis by PCR method was positive in 3/51(5,88%), result inferior to the one observed by microscopy (7,84% - 4/51) and by ELISA (11,76% - 6/51). Thus, our results suggest that the intestinal amebiasis is an problem of public health in the municipality of Juruti.
Alves, Talita Silva. "Ocorrência de Hepatozoon spp., Piroplasmas, Ehrlichia spp. e filarídeos em mamíferos silvestres de Centros de Triagem de Minas Gerais e Goiás." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2018.6.
Full textHaemoparasites belonging to filum Apicomplexa deserve attention because can affect the conservation of mammals’s biodiversity. This work aimed to avalue the occurencce of Piroplasmida agents (Cytauxzoon, Theileria e Babesia) e Hepatozoon spp. using Convencional Microscopic Exam (CME) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and indetify ticks on wild mammals belonging to LAPAS-UFU, CETAS-GO/IBAMA e CETAS-BH/IBAMA. On total, this work obtained 152 total blood samples that were submited to PCR for Hepatozoon spp. with primers HepF300/Hep900, Hep2F/Hep2R e HAM-1/HPFR2, and for Piroplasmida agents, PCR was done using primers BAB- 33-47/ BAB432-439, PIRO 1F/PIRO 5R. To exam slides on optic microscope, was used peripheral samples of 123 mammals. There wasn’t observed gamonts of Hepatozoon spp. on blood slides, but on PCR was observed prevalence of 5,2% (eight positive mammals). From these, was obtained four new haplotypes of Hepatozoon spp. like similar sequence of Hepatozoon canis in maned-wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) and hoary fox (Lycalopex vetulus) and similar sequence of Hepatozoon felis in tayra (Eira barbara) and puma (Puma concolor). For Piroplasmida agents, the CME and PCR results were 34,9% (43 positive mammlas) and 26,3% (40 positive mammals), respectively. There was obtained three new haplotypes of Piroplasmida agents, being similar sequences of Theileria cervi in brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira), similar sequence of Theileria equi in brazilian tapir (Tapirus terrestris) and similar sequence of Cytauxzoon felis in ocelot (Leopardus pardalis). There was identified 432 specimnes of ticks on 30 mammals. The species were Amblyomma nodosum, A. parvum, A. ovale, A. sculptum, A. longirostre, A. dubidatum, Rhipicephalus microplus e R. sanguineus. Besides this results, other haemoparasites were observed on optic microscope, like Ehrlichia spp. in 23 mammals (18,6%) and microfilaria in two mammals of the species Coendou prehensilis (brazilian porcupine). The information gathered by this work confirms the abundance of haemoparasites that the Brazilian mammals can harbor. In addition, some species of ticks identified were determinant to infer possible ways of transmitting hemoparasites identified in mammals. The result obtained by the use of molecular diagnostic techniques (PCR and sequencement) was more accurate than the CME for identification of hemoparasites on wild mammals of this work.
Dissertação (Mestrado)
SILVA, Ana de Nazaré Martins da. "Identificação molecular de espécies do complexo Anopheles albitarsis (Diptera, Culicidae, Anophelinae), coletadas em dois municípios da Amazônia brasileira, com análise de suscetibilidade natural a plasmódios humanos." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/4758.
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Anofelinos membros de complexos de espécies crípticas podem exibir diferenças comportamentais, de susceptibilidade a infecção malárica, e resistência a inseticidas. Assim, a identificação de espécies vetoras tem relevância epidemiológica, o que nem sempre é possível por critérios morfológicos. Métodos alternativos têm sido empregados para tal, como os que analisam regiões altamente conservadas do DNA ribossômico, variável entre as espécies, conhecidas como espaçadoras internas transcritas (ITS). Considera-se atualmente que o complexo Anopheles c seja composto por seis espécies: An. albitarsis s.s., An. oryzalimnetes, An. albitarsis F, An. marajoara, An. deaneorum, e An. janconnae. Destas, pelo menos as três últimas são incriminadas como vetores de malária na Amazônia brasileira. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar identificação molecular de espécies do complexo An. albitarsis, por análise da seqüências do ITS2 do rDNA, com vistas a analisar sua importância na transmissão de malária nos municípios de Macapá, Amapá e Peixe-Boi, Pará, inclusive investigando pela primeira vez a ocorrência do An. albitarsis F nestas duas áreas epidemiologicamente distintas: a primeira com histórico de alto risco de transmissão de malária e a segunda não. O estudo foi realizado entre janeiro de 2009 e abril de 2010, e consistiu de capturas de anofelinos de 12 horas de duração (ecostofase) no peridomicílio. Todas as fêmeas coletadas foram morfologicamente identificadas e apenas os An. albitarsis s.l. tiveram cabeça e tórax separadas para análise da infecção natural por ELISA; ovários para análise de paridade e patas, asas e carcaça para identificação molecular. Em Macapá foram realizadas seis coletas, obtendo-se um total de 584 anofelinos, sendo 366 An. albitarsis s.l. (62,7%), 167 An. darlingi (28,6%), 33 An. triannulatus s.l (5,6%), 15 An. braziliensis (2,6%) e 3 An. nuneztovari (0,5%). Pela PCR foi possível visualizar a banda específica de An. marajoara em 320 espécimes dos An. albitarsis s.l testados. Do restante, 33 foram negativos e 13 amplificaram um fragmento de ~490 pb nos iniciadores empregados, não permitindo chegar ao diagnóstico específico. O An. marajoara apresentou características biológicas e comportamentais que ratificam sua importância epidemiológica na transmissão de malária em Macapá, tais como: ser a espécie mais prevalente, com maior proporção de fêmeas paridas (73,0%), e portanto com maiores chances de se infectarem com o plasmódio, ocorrer tanto na estação menos quanto na mais chuvosa, e apresentar atividade hematofágica durante toda a ecostofase, alem disso, foi encontrado naturalmente infectado por P. vivax e P. falciparum (taxa de infecção natural de 3,1%). Em Peixe-Boi, foram capturados 43 anofelinos: An. triannulatus s.l (20 espécimes, 46,5 %), An. albitarsis s.l. (13: 30,2 %), An. darlingi (8: 18,6%), e An. nuneztovari (2: 4,7%). Todos os An. albitarsis s.l. coletados foram identificados pela ITS2 como An. oryzalimnetes. Nenhum deles foi encontrado infectado pelos plasmódios testados, e a maioria das fêmeas era parida (84,6%). São necessários levantamentos entomológicos sistemáticos que analisem a importância deste anofelino na transmissão de malária na cidade. O An. albitarsis F não foi encontrado nas duas áreas estudadas. Nossos resultados contribuem para o entendimento da epidemiologia da malária na região Amazônica brasileira.
Members of Anopheles cryptic species complexes may exhibit behavioral differences among them, the susceptibility to malaria infection, and resistance to insecticides, thus, the specific identification has epidemiological relevance, which is not always possible by morphological criteria. Alternative methods have been employed such as those that analyze highly conserved regions of ribosomal DNA, which varies among species, known as internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Anopheles albitarsis complex is currently composed of six species: An. albitarsis s.s., An. oryzalimnetes, An. albitarsis F, An. marajoara, An. deaneorum and An. janconnae. At least the last three are incriminated as malaria parasite vectors in the Brazilian Amazon. The aim of this study was to perform molecular identification of An. albitarsis complex species, for analysis of ITS2 rDNA sequences, in order to assess their importance in malaria transmission in the cities of Macapá, Amapa and Peixe-Boi, Para, including investigating the first time the occurrence of An. Albitarsis F in two epidemiologically distinct areas: the first with a history of high risk of malaria transmission and the second not (Peixe-Boi). All-night human landing catches of mosquitoes were carried out in the peridomestic environment, from January 2009 and April 2010. The females collected were morphologically identified and only An. albitarsis s.l. was dissected: head and thorax were separated for analysis of natural infection by ELISA; ovaries for parity analysis and the carcass, legs and wings for molecular identification. In Macapá were collected 584 mosquitoes: 366 An. albitarsis s.l. (62.7%), 167 An. darlingi (28.6%), 33 An. triannulatus s.l. (5.6%), 15 An. braziliensis (2.6%) and 3 An. nuneztovari (0.5%). It was possible to visualize the specific band An. marajoara in 320 specimens of An. albitarsis s.l. tested. Of the remainder, 33 were negative and 13 amplified a fragment of ~ 490pb, not allowing to reach the specific diagnosis. The An. marajoara specimens showed biological and behavioral characteristics that confirm their epidemiological importance in malaria transmission in Macapa, such as being the most prevalent species, with a higher proportion of parous females (73.0%), and therefore with the greatest chances of infected with Plasmodium, occur in both seasons (dry and wet), presenting biting activity in all hours worked, moreover, was found infected by P.vivax and P. falciparum (natural infection rate of 3.1%). In Peixe-Boi, were captured 43 anophelines: An. triannulatus s.l. (20 specimens, 46.5%), An. albitarsis s.l. (13, 30.2%) An. darlingi (8, 18.6%), and An. nuneztovari (2, 4.7%). All An. albitarsis s.l. collected were identified by ITS2 as An. oryzalimnetes. None was found infected by Plasmodium, and the vast majority was parous females (84.6%). Systematic entomological surveys are needed to analyse the importance of An. oryzalimnetes in malaria transmission in the city. The An. albitarsis F was not found in the two areas studied. Our results contribute to our understanding of the epidemiology of malaria in the Brazilian Amazon region.
Silva, Simone Sandy da. "Influência da ck2 no processo de interação Leishmania donovani-macrófagos." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7180.
Full textThe genus Leishmania contains multiple species that are responsible for a group of diseases, leishmaniasis. Current estimates suggest that 12 million people are infected. When parasites enter a human host, they undergo metacyclogenesis and acquire the ability to interact with macrophages. This interaction activites signal transduction pathways inducing numerous biological activities, including protein kinase CK2. CK2 has been observed in all eukaryotic cells residing in the nucleus, the cytoplasm and on the cell surface. It appears to have an essential function and recognizes serine/threonine or tyrosine residues in target proteins for phosphorylation. In the present study, we demonstrate that the treatment of L. donovani promastigotes with TBB resulted in inhibition of cell growth and showed an irreversible mechanism of action, however was not able to induce apoptosis in L. donovani promastigotes. The pre-treatment of promastigotes and macrophages, as well as the addition of TBB during infection induced a significant reduction in the number of amastigotes per macrophages, possibly via the mechanism of programmed cell death showed by TUNEL technique. Treatment of macrophages with TBB did not induce the increase of nitric oxide. Immunofluorescence assays demonstrated the presence of CK2α distributed throughout the surface the promastigotes. Uninfected macrophages showed little to no CK2α. After initiating the interaction of parasites with macrophages, CK2α was observed distributed preferentially in the nucleus of macrophages. Job data suggest that CK2 is an important enzyme for the biological activity of Leishmania donovani, and its study important relevance to the discovery of new therapeutic targets.
Fumoux, Francis. "Contribution à l'étude de la résistance naturelle des bovins aux trypanosomes africaines." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX22014.
Full textGuillén, Aguirre Gisella Katia. "Diversidad protozoológica de los Pantanos de Villa, Chorrillos-Lima-Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2002. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/817.
Full text--- The free living protozoa, are important to be part of the trofic chain, participating inside this, as primary producers; in turn they are very susceptible to the changes that happen in their environment, many of them are used as bioindicator. The present study was carried out with the purpose of obtain a ready up to date taxonomic of the present protozoa in the Wetland Villa, district of Chorrillos, department of Lima. They were carried out eleven collections from October 1999 to August 2000, in nine sampling stations that embraced the most part of the water bodies. It was determined 128 species of protozoa they were distributed in 101 generes, 69 families and 28 orders, with 73 species are new registrations in the Wetland Villa. The predominant group is the Ciliate with 61.72% of the registered species, continued by the Mastigophora with 21.87% and the Sarcodina with 16.41%. By means of the protozoa distribution in different habitats, it was determined the ubiquity and exclusivity present in many species, in what would be influenced by the conditions in the habitat and its adaptability. The diversity of species was determined for each sampling station, showed bigger diversity the stations 1 and 3.
Tesis
VALENTE, Vera da Costa. "Estudo genotípico de Trypanosoma cruzi: epidemiologia e caracterização molecular de isolados do homem, triatomíneos e mamíferos silvestres do Pará, Amapá e Maranhão." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/4755.
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A doença de Chagas aguda (DCA) é endêmica na Amazônia Brasileira sendo a via oral a principal forma de transmissão com surtos familiares ou multifamiliares. Esta via independe da colonização de triatomíneos no domicílio e a ocorrência é regular com média de 100 casos/ano e 5% de óbitos. Apresenta distribuição espaço-temporal bem definida, colocando a enfermidade como emergência de importância em saúde pública nos estados do Pará, Amapá e Amazonas. A presença de mamíferos e triatomíneos silvestres, infectados naturalmente com o c e habitando distintos ecótopos terrestres e arbóreos, mantém um intenso ciclo enzoótico em toda a Amazônia. Perfis moleculares de linhagens de T. cruzi na região estão associados a hospedeiros mamíferos (incluindo o homem), triatomíneos, ecótopos e manifestações clínicas. Foram estudados quatro surtos de DCA ocorridos nos Municípios de Barcarena, Belém e Cachoeira do Arari no Estado do Pará e em Santana, no Estado do Amapá e abordados os aspectos epidemiológicos (parasitológico e sorológico manifestações clínicas, reservatórios e triatomíneos silvestres associados aos surtos). Foi investigado também em São Luís, Estado do Maranhão, o ciclo domiciliar e silvestre do T. cruzi, porém sem a ocorrência de casos de DCA. O estudo incluiu também a genotipagem molecular de T. cruzi pelo gene de mini-exon dos isolados (homem, mamíferos e triatomíneos silvestres) associados aos diferentes ciclos de transmissão. O diagnóstico parasitológico foi confirmado em 63 pacientes com a seguinte sensibilidade nos testes aplicados: 41,3% (26/63) pela gota espessa; 58,7% (37/63) no QBC; 79,4% (50/63) no xenodiagnóstico e 61,9% (39/63) na hemocultura. A sorologia de 2648 pessoas por hemaglutinação indireta (HAI) foi de 3,05% (81/2648) e imunofluorescência indireta IFI apresentaram respectivamente resultados de e 2,49% (66/2648) para IgG e 2,37 (63/2648) para IgM. Os resultados em São Luís foram todos negativos. Foram capturados 24 mamíferos, 13 Didelphis marsupialis, 1 Marmosa cinerea, 5 Philander opossum, 3 Metachirus nudicaudatus, 1 Oryzomys macconnelli, 1 Oecomys bicolor e 433 R. rattus. A taxa de infecção para T. cruzi foi de 7,14% (29/404). Um total de 3279 triatomíneos foi capturado sendo: Triatoma rubrofasciata (n=3008), com taxa de infecção (TI) de 30.46%, (39/128), Rhodnius robustus (n=137), com TI de 76% (79/104), R. pictipes (n=94), TI de 56,9% (49/86%), E. mucronatus (n=6) e P. geniculatus (n=12) com TI de 50% e as demais espécies sem infecção R. neglectus (n=5) e P. lignarius (n=6). As palmeiras foram os principais ecótopos dos triatomíneos silvestres. O urucurizeiro (S. martiana) apresentava infestação de 47,41% (101/213) dos triatomíneos; o “inajazeiro” (Maximiliana regia) 35,21% (75/213); o “babaçueiro” (Orbgnya. speciosa) 5,16% (11/213); o “dendezeiro” (Eleas melanoccoca) 1,87% (4/213) e a “bacabeira” (Oenocarpus bacaba) 10,32% (22/213). Para a genotipagem foram obtidos 46 isolados de tripanossomas de origem humana, 31 isolamentos de mamíferos silvestres e 74 amostras de triatomíneos. Todos os isolados foram caracterizados como da linhagem TcI de T. cruzi. Todos os casos humanos no Pará foram caracterizados como positivos por exame parasitológico. Nem todos os casos de Santana, Amapá, apresentaram casos parasitológicos positivos, pela demora do diagnóstico, mesmo assim estes foram definidos como DCA. Exames como xenodiagnóstico, hemocultura e o QBC® foram mais sensíveis do que a gota espessa. A sorologia por HAI e IFI (IgG e IgM) tiveram excelente sensibilidade para detectar os casos agudos em tempos distintos de infecção. O achado de mamíferos (D. marsupilais) e triatomíneos silvestres (R. pictipes e P. geniculatus) infectados com consideráveis taxas de infecção para T. cruzi no entorno das residências dos pacientes sustentam a importância destes hospedeiros associados à transmissão da DCA. Apesar de na Amazônia circularem vários genótipos de T. cruzi nos diferentes hospedeiros, neste trabalho foi identificada somente a linhagem TCI de T. cruzi, a mais predominante na Região. Em São Luís, Maranhão, embora sem registro de casos de DCA apresenta um ciclo domiciliar associados ao rato doméstico e o triatomíneo da espécie T. rubrofasciata, e um ciclo silvestre mantido por didelfídeos. Nos dois ciclos circulam a linhagem TCI de T. cruzi. Estudos com marcadores de maior resolução com isolados de T. cruzi regionais podem ajudar a esclarecer os ciclos de transmissão, as rotas de contaminação e os hospedeiros envolvidos em casos de DCA na Amazônia.
The acute Chagas disease (ACD) is endemic in the Brazilian Amazon, and its main transmission route is oral, throughout family and multi-family outbreaks. This route is independent from the colonization of triatomine bugs in dwellings and its occurrence is regular, with mean rates of 100 cases per year and a lethality rate of 5%. The disease has a well-defined spatio-temporal distribution, which makes it a relevant public health concern in the states of Pará, Amapá and Amazonas. The existence of wild mammals and triatomine bugs naturally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi inhabiting different terrestrial and arboreal ecotopes maintains an intense enzootic cycle all over the Amazon region. Molecular profiles of T. Cruzi lineages in the region are associated with mammal reservoirs (including humans), triatomine bugs, ecotopes and clinical manifestations. We analyzed four ACD outbreaks in the municipalities of Barcarena, Belém and Cachoeira do Arari on Pará State, and Santana on Amapá State, based on epidemiologic features (laboratory, parasitological and serological diagnoses, clinical manifestations and the reservoirs and wild triatomines related to the outbreaks). We also investigated the domestic and wild transmission cycles of T. cruzi in São Luis on Maranhão State, without the occurrence of ACD cases. This study comprised molecular genotyping of T. cruzi on the mini-exon gene of the isolates associated with both transmission cycles (humans, mammals and wild triatomine vectors). Parasitological diagnosis was confirmed in 63 patients with the following sensitivity rates: 41.3% (26/63) for the thick blood film method; 58.7% (37/63) for QBC; 79.4% (50/63) for xenodiagnosis; and 61.9% (39/63) for blood culture. The serological diagnosis of 2648 individuals by indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) was of 3.05% (81/2648), whereas the results of the indirect immunofluorescence test (IIF) were 2.49% (66/2648) for IgG and 2.37% (63/2648) for IgM. All tests carried out in São Luís were negative. A total of 24 mammals, 13 Didelphis marsupialis, 1 Marmosa cinerea, 5 Philander opossum, 3 Metachirus nudicaudatus, 1 Oryzomys macconnelli, 1 Oecomys bicolor and 433 R. rattus were captured. The infection rate for T. cruzi was of 7.14% (29/404). A total of 3279 triatomine bugs were captured: T. rubrofasciata (n=3008) and infection rate (IR) of 30.46%, (39/128) and R. robustus (n=137) IR of 76% (79/104), R. pictipes (n=94), IR of 56.9% (49/86%) E. mucronatus (n=6) and P. geniculatus (n=12) IR of 50% and the other non-infected species R. neglectus (n=5) and P. lignarius (n=6). Palm trees were the main ecotopes for the wild triatomine bugs. S. martiana was infested with 47.41% (101/213) of the triatomines; Maximiliana regia, 35,21% (75/213); Orbgnya speciosa, 5.16% (11/213); Eleas melanoccoca), 1.87% (4/213); and Oenocarpus bacaba, 10.32% (22/213). Genotyping was carried out using 46 isolates of trypanosomes obtained from humans, 31 from wild mammals and 74 from samples of triatomine bugs. All isolates were characterized as belonging to the Tcl lineage. All human cases in Pará were characterized as positive by parasitological testing. Not all the cases in Santana were tested positive because of the delay on diagnosis, but they were defined as positive. Xenodiagnosis, blood culture and QBC® were more sensitive than the thick blood film. Serological examinations by IHA and IIF (IgG and IgM) presented an optimal sensitivity to detect acute cases in different moments of infection. Mammals (D. marsupialis) and wild triatomine bugs (R. pictipes and P. geniculatus) infected with high infection rates of T. cruzi in the patients’ peridomicile area account for the importance of these reservoirs in the transmission cycle of the ACD, and are associated with its transmission. Even though several genotypes of T. cruzi circulate in the Amazon Region, only the Tcl lineage was identified in the patients, mammals and triatomines investigated in this study. In São Luís, in spite of these having no record of human cases of ACD, it has a domestic cycle associated with the black rat and the triatomine bugs of the species T. rubrofasciata, as well as a sylvatic cycle associated with didelphids. The Tcl cycles circulate in both cycles. Studies with isolates of local T. cruzi using markers with a higher definition might help clarify the transmission cycles, transmission routes and the reservoirs involved in cases of ACD in the Amazon Region.
Kolba, Clifford Andrew. "Intracellular and extracellular acid phosphatase activity in axenically cultured phosphate-deprived achlorophyllous euglena gracilis /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1994. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/11714372.
Full textTypescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: O. Roger Anderson. Dissertation Committee: Patricia L. Dudley. Includes tables. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-129).
LaCrue, Alexis Nichole. "Characterization of thesporozoite and eythrocytic stages (SES) protein." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4648.
Full textThe entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Vita. "December 2007" Includes bibliographical references.
Parameswaran, Nevi. "Toxoplasma gondii in Australian marsupials /." Murdoch University Digital Theses Program, 2008. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20100203.145857.
Full textGreen, Lisa J. "The production of IL-2, IL-4, and TNF-gas in murine leishmaniasis." Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/774758.
Full textDepartment of Biology
Chacaliaza, Vásquez Alci Jesús. "Diversidad protozoológica en dos humedales costeros de la región Lambayeque y un humedal altoandino de la región Huancavelica post FEN costero 2017." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/17658.
Full textUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Vicerrectorado de Investigación y Posgrado. Programa de Proyectos de Investigación para Grupos de Investigación. B17100181-PCONFIGI
Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Vicerrectorado de Investigación y Posgrado. Programa de Proyectos de Investigación para Grupos de Investigación. B17100051-PCONFIGI
ESTEVES, Nelma Maria Rosa de Sousa. "Diagnóstico coproparasitológico e avaliação dos fatores de risco para infecção parasitária intestinal em uma comunidade ribeirinha do município de Belém-Pará, Brasil." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/3854.
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As parasitoses intestinais estão entre as doenças mais freqüentes que acometem o homem, principalmente nos países mais pobres, onde as condições higiênico-sanitárias são muito precárias. Este estudo tem como objetivo determinar a prevalência e identificar os fatores de risco para enteroparasitoses, na comunidade ribeirinha da Ilha de Jutuba, localizada no município de Belém-Pa. Foram examinadas 109 amostras de fezes pelos métodos direto e de sedimentação espontânea em água potável. A prevalência de enteroparasitose encontrada foi de 77,98% (85/109). O protozoário mais prevalente foi a Entamoeba histolytica (49,41%) e entre os helmintos destacaram-se os ancilostomideos (40,0%), Ascaris lumbricoides (29,41%) e Trichuris trichiura (24,71%). Não foram encontradas diferenças, estatisticamente, significativas entre parasitismo e sexo. A correlação entre o parasitismo por Giárdia lamblia e idade apresentou significância estatística (p<0,05) na faixa etária infantil. Entre os fatores de risco para doença parasitária na Ilha consideramos o baixo nível sócio-econômico, a falta de saneamento básico, o consumo de água direto do rio e o consumo de açaí in natura. A correlação entre o consumo de água não tratada e parasitose intestinal não mostrou significância estatística. A razão de chances (Oddes Ratio) calculada mostrou que os indivíduos que consomem açaí têm quatro vezes mais chances de adquirir parasitose intestinal do que os que não consomem. Conclui-se que para redução significativa na morbidade das doenças parasitárias na Ilha de Jutuba é fundamental a ação do poder público e levar à comunidade noções básicas de higiene e de educação sanitária, pois os fatores pertinentes no sentido de reduzir a prevalência de parasitoses intestinais envolvem, além de medidas de saneamento básico, o conhecimento da comunidade sobre o assunto.
The intestinal parasitosis are the most frequent diseases that infect the men, maily in undeveloped or on development countries, where, in general, the sanitation system do not exist or is under very bad condition. This study aims to determine the prevalence and identify the risk factors of each enteroparasitosis, on the population of the community of Jutuba Island, Belém city, Pará state. We had tested 109 stool samples using the following methods: direct and spontaneous sedimentation. He total prevalence found was 77,89% (85/109). Among the protozoas, the Entamoeba histolytica (49,41%) and among the helmints the ancilostomides (40%), Ascaris lumbricoides (29,41) and Trichiuris trichiura (24,71%) were the most frequent parasites. There was no statistical sigfnificance between parasitism and sex. The correlation between the parasitism by Giardia lamblia and age was significant (p < 0,05) for the children groups. The risk factors more important for the parasitic diseases for the population of Jutuba Island were the low lever of the economical situation, the lack of sanitation system, the intake of river water without any previous treatment and the intake of açaí juice in natura. The correlation between untreated water and intestinal parasitosis was no statistical significant. The odd rates index had showed that the açaí intake raises the chance of parasitism among the Jutuba Island population it is very important the action of the healthy authorities in order to provide to them the sanitary education since this is an important factor to help to control the parasitism reducing the prevalence of each parasite.
Zimmerman, David Edwin. "The occurrence of piroplasms in various South African black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) populations." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2010. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03022010-182115/.
Full textBekhti-Erraziqi, Khadija. "Interactions entre les phagocytes murins et les sporozoi͏̈tes d'Eimeria falciformis var. Pragensis ; étude in vitro." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20180.
Full textDelespaux, Vincent F. P. "Improved diagnosis of trypanosome infections and drug resistant T.congolense in livestock." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211060.
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Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation biologie moléculaire
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Stewart, Paul M. "Diatom and protozoan community analysis and colonization on artificial substrates in lentic habitats." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49888.
Full textPh. D.
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Küppers, Gabriela Cristina. "Ciliados (Protozoa: ciliophora) de un ambiente temporario subtropical pampásico." Tesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10915/4379.
Full textSoto, Pedro. "La respuesta inmune en bovinos infectados con Tritrichomonas foetus." Tesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10915/1545.
Full textKhabisi, Mamohale Eugenia. "Some aspects of the epidemiology of intestinal protozoan infections in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5346.
Full textThesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2001.