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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Protracted conflict'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Sims, Bryan M. "Conflict in perpetuity? Examining Zimbabwe’s protracted social conflict through the lens of land reform." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96932.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation analyses the relationship between civil society and political leadership within the context of Zimbabwe’s protracted social conflict, particularly through the lens of land policy. Through the use of strategic informants, it yields important insights into the origins, form and impact of political leadership and civil society in a way that will expose the dynamics of elite and grassroots mobilisation and the political context in which land policy is either made or obstructed. Specifically, this dissertation examines two research questions. First, if political leadership is not representative of the citizenry, is land policy more likely to engender overt conflict? Second, if civil society has an autonomous role in the public sphere, is land policy more likely to benefit citizens? This dissertation also confronts an emerging empirical problem: the absence of descriptive data in regards to how civil society and political leadership have engaged in reforming land policy in Zimbabwe during the period of transition from 2008 to 2013. By measuring representation and autonomy – indicators of human needs satisfaction– this dissertation traced each phase of the protracted social conflict as it both helped to create the conditions for a liberation model of representation while simultaneously further exacerbating protracted social conflict within Zimbabwe.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis ontleed die verhouding tussen die burgerlike samelewing en politieke leierskap veral deur die lens van grondbeleid, binne die konteks van Zimbabwe se uitgerekte sosiale konflik. Dit het ten doel om belangrike insigte op te lewer in die oorsprong, vorm en impak van politieke leierskap en die burgerlike samelewing. Die word blootgestel in 'n manier wat die dinamika van die elite en mobilisering op grondvlak in ag neem soweel as die politieke konteks waarin grondbeleid óf gemaak is of belemmer word. Hierdie tesis konfronteer ook 'n opkomende empiriese probleem: die afwesigheid van beskrywende data met betrekking tot die betrokkenheod van die burgerlike samelewing en politieke leierskap tydens die grondhervorming proses in Zimbabwe gedurende die tydperk van oorgang tussen 2008 en 2013. Deur die meting van verteenwoordiging en outonomie - aanwysers van menslike behoeftes bevrediging - word elke fase van die uitgerekte sosiale konflik ondersoek met betrekking tot hoe ‘n bevryding model van verteenwoordigheid beide gehelp het om die voorwaardes te skepvir die eindeiging van die PSC; maar terselfdertyd het dit ook die sosiale konflik in Zimbabwe verder uitgerek. !

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2

Zielinski, William J. "Winning the strategic narrative in the Israeli-Palestinian protracted conflict." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/29615.

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The purpose of this thesis is to identify the reasons for Israeli and Palestinian religious objections to peaceful co-existence in a two-state solution to the conflict over the land between the Jordan River and Mediterranean Sea. Developing an understanding of the basic religious requirements and precedents, while consistently considering religious impact in politics, may help to open dialogue between Jewish Gush Emunim and Muslim Palestinian Hamas, strong opponents to land compromise. Arguments by Gush Emunim and Hamas from the two major religious works, the Jewish Tanakh and the Muslim Qur’an, and associated commentaries, the Jewish Talmud and Muslim Hadith, are compared and evaluated for religious insights into the disputed areas. Contemporary interpretations of each major writing and political objections based on religious argumentation create a strong context for modern conflict. The requirements and precedents for peace that come from religious texts also promote open dialogue. This thesis suggests ways to open dialogue between the Israeli and Palestinian cultures, comparing religious texts, interpretations, and concepts, in an effort to promote peaceful co-existence and build an effective strategic narrative.

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3

Cavanaugh, Kathleen Anne. "Protracted social conflict in Northern Ireland : a basic needs approach." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267845.

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4

Pavri, Tinaz. "Building Foundations to Settle Protracted Conflict : The Indo- Pakistani Case /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487859879940739.

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5

Yoo, Donghee. "Media, culture, and the transformation of the protracted inter-Korean conflict." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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6

Gutierrez, Fernando Augusto. "The Colombian Protracted Conflict : A failed peasant revolution and its consequences." Thesis, University of York, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533517.

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7

Ahmed, Ahseea. "Contesting discourse: can deliberative democracy mitigate protracted ethnic conflict in Israel? /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2296.

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8

Khan, Abdur Rob. "Protracted international conflicts in South Asia : the route to intractability in the Kashmir conflict 1947-1990." Thesis, University of Kent, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357839.

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9

Smolnik, Franziska [Verfasser]. "Secessionist Rule : Protracted Conflict and Configurations of Non-state Authority / Franziska Smolnik." Frankfurt am Main : Campus Verlag, 2016. http://www.campus.de/home/.

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10

Funai, Go. "My neighbor, my enemy understanding the protracted conflict between China and Japan /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/457147009/viewonline.

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11

Thomson, William Wallace. "Conflict intervention and human needs satisfaction : exploring nonviolent approaches to the Israel-Palestine protracted social conflict 1993-2014." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10202.

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12

Lamamra, Nisrine Amel. "Protracted conflict in Africa : the social construction of sovereignty and war in Western Sahara." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608018.

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13

Khan, Saira. "Nuclear proliferation in protracted conflict regions : a comparative study of South Asia and the Middle East." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0015/NQ55346.pdf.

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14

Hassan, Mohamed Sheikh Esak. "Primary School Principals’ Perceptions of their Role and Experiences within the Protracted Conflict Regions of Somalia." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26278.

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While the role of the school principal has received much attention in stable environments, little research exists on principals working in conflict-affected countries. The purpose of this phenomenological study is to uncover perceptions of Somali principals in Mogadishu regarding their roles and lived experiences, as well as the challenges they face as they lead their schools amid ongoing conflict. In order to understand the different dimensions of the principal’s role and how this role is experienced in such a context, a descriptive phenomenology has been employed. A purposeful sample of eight primary school principals in Mogadishu, which has been the epicentre of the ongoing conflict, was indentified and the principals were interviewed. Through the six-step approach to phenomenological data analysis, as suggested by Creswell (2013), 11 themes were identified. Findings revealed that principals perceived their role as supporting teachers personally and professionally, supervising instruction, facilitating teacher professional development when the security situation permits, having good relationships with governing bodies, and building community collaboration. Findings also showed that, besides security concerns, student mobility, poor facilities, shortage of trained teachers and student discipline were the major challenges to principals. Findings further indicated that principals acted as boundary spanners using a variety of buffering and bridging strategies in an attempt to minimize uncertainty and security risks, as well as to adapt the school to the volatile environment. Furthermore, commitment to keep schools open, despite the huge challenges, a sense of responsibility for student safety, and calm and courageous actions in the face of danger were perceived as critical factors in sustaining principals in their positions. Four conclusions were drawn from the study, including principals’ lack of unity in the perception of their roles, principals’ lack of pre-service training, the possibility and essentiality of providing education during armed conflicts, and the importance of creating strong bonds through principals’ supportive roles. Recommendations were offered for primary principals, local educational umbrellas, NGOs, and UN agencies, as well as for further research possibilities.

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15

Dickhout, Michael G. (Michael Gordon) Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. "Ripe moments: preconditions for the resolution of protracted social conflict - Zimbabwe's road to Lancaster House re-examined." Ottawa, 1991.

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16

Barrinha, Andre Filipe de Carvalho. "Politics, Security and the Construction of Protracted Social Conflicts. With special reference to the conflict between the Turkish State and the Kurdistan Workers' Party." Thesis, University of Kent, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508622.

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17

Conniry, Krystal Lynn. "National Security, Mass Surveillance, and Citizen Rights under Conditions of Protracted Warfare." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3204.

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This paper explores the complex relationship between securing the rights of citizens to privacy and national security priorities under conditions of government mass surveillance. The inquiry examines the conflict between those who support and those who stand in opposition of government surveillance, and is framed around the question of whether changes in technology and the concept of nationalism help inform our understanding of the increase in surveillance post-9/11. From a peace and conflict studies perspective, the work analyzes how the rise of nationalism in the post-9/11 era and the protracted wars against terrorism, in combination with the growth of technological power, have impacted the relationship between state-surveillance and democracy. Findings identify protracted warfare, technology and corporate profits as conflict drivers within the surveillance system, which gives rise to moral dilemmas and structural polarizations in the political culture and institutions of the state and society. The analysis concludes that these dilemmas systematically create an imbalance of power between the citizen to the state, and cannot be fully addressed unless the efficacy of war is critically questioned.

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18

Kish, Ashley. "Protracted Conflict and Development in South Sudan| A Feminist Analysis of Women's Subjugation in the Making of a Nation." Thesis, California Institute of Integral Studies, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10686896.

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<p> Protracted conflict and development in South Sudan: A feminist analysis of women’s subjugation in the making of a nation argues that international interventions in South Sudan from the period of British colonization to present day South Sudan perpetuate and [re]inscribe formations of women’s oppression and agency. Foreign presence affects identity constructions, conflict, and governance. I demonstrate how international interventions, militarization, and protracted conflict, compromise women’s rights, health, and self-determination as they permeate understandings of gender, sex, reproduction, and security. I integrate an analysis of customary and civil law to establish how the expression and implementation of law and rights inform relationships to women’s freedom and justice. Further, I investigate techniques the United Nations and NGOs used to influence cultural shifts that reproduce structural inequities based on gender, body, class, and nation. Foregrounding power, politics, and local knowledges, my ethnography is a practice of emancipatory anthropology to excavate techniques and procedures of normalizing gender, reproductive and sexual health, and biopolitical governance (Foucault 2008, 4). Informed by an ethnography of United Nations and NGO staff, I argue that international interventions in South Sudan introduce formations of biopolitical governance mediated by donor-driven, development agendas, by superimposing relationships to sex, gender, reproduction, and health, which are both culturally contested and unsustainable.</p><p>

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19

Jammeh, Ebou. "What could be a peacemaking strategy based on relative deprivation and provention perspective in Casamance?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-27342.

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The Casamance conflict for decades has been unable to produce a sustained peace settlement. This project utilised among others, the relative deprivation and basic human needs satisfaction theories respectively and concludes that the conflict is underpinned by relative deprivation, strongly felt and driven by the elite group. Both the current phase as well as in the past, the conflict has been driven and to an extent manipulated by these elite, motivated by self-empowerment. Masked under the struggle of a relatively deprived masses into collective violence, seeded in a classic social conflict of a type rooted in stereotyping, marginalisation and underdevelopment, primarily driven by basic human needs dissatisfaction expressed in terms of the levels of poverty. These stemmed in part from the colonial pass which set into motion the continuous suppression and segregation of the Casamance region. In particular, of the Diola ethnic identity thus, the conflict’s ethno nationalists dimension. This research presents a deprivation approach strategy to peace making, which among other factors includes addressing the socioeconomic and political causes of the conflict and also one that underscores the relevance of a credible third party involvement to resolving the dispute between a fractured MFDC and a reluctant Government of Senegal.

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20

Barklin, Cathrine. "'A Perfect Storm' A case study of how the Ebola response played into conflict dynamics in Sierra Leone." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22827.

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Between 2014 and 2016, West Africa was struck by the largest ever Ebola epidemic. In Sierra Leone, the outbreak occurred only about a decade after the end of an eleven-year long civil war, which left the country with little capacity to contain the virus. While many have investigated the crisis that the Ebola outbreak caused West African countries, few have turned their attention directly towards the response to it. Following that line of thought, this case study explores how the Ebola response carried out by local, national and international actors played into conflict dynamics in the aftermath of the Sierra Le-onean civil war. By applying the theoretical perspectives of ‘the fortified aid compound’ and ‘dependent agency’, I argue that the response embodied a militarised approach and that it was insensitive towards local customs, which showed in shifting acts of compliance and resistance by beneficiaries. Lastly, by applying the theory of ‘protracted social con-flict’, I argue that conflict dynamics from the civil war were amplified by the Ebola re-sponse to some extent. The study concludes that future responses to epidemics, particu-larly in conflict affected settings, should consider potential negative effects connected to response structures and measures to a greater extent.

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Schweitzer, C. "Strategies of intervention in protracted violent conflicts by civil society actors : the example of interventions in the violent conflicts in the area of former Yugoslavia." Thesis, Coventry University, 2009. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/f10df296-dcc0-062b-8ba7-85d3f28687e7/1.

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This thesis seeks to contribute to the understanding of conflict intervention in protracted violent conflicts by studying the activities of civil society actors in regard to the conflicts in what was Yugoslavia until 1991. A very broad understanding of ‘intervention’ is used for this purpose that includes all kinds of activities that relate to the conflicts. Based on a survey of activities in the period between 1990 and 2002, a framework for categorising and describing these interventions is applied according to basic functions in four ‘grand strategies’ of ‘peace-making’, ‘peace-keeping’, ‘peacebuilding’, and ‘information, support, protest and advocacy’, with a total list of about 230 instruments of conflict intervention identified. The study concludes that civil society actors played three different basic roles: They complemented the work of state actors, they were the avant-garde for approaches, strategies and methods that later became ‘mainstream’ in conflict intervention, and in some cases, they were able to control or correct actions by governments through advocacy or direct action. The development of instruments of civil conflict transformation received a massive boost through this engagement in the 1990s. The study supports the position taken recently by some researchers making comparative studies of cases of conflict intervention regarding the limited role played by dialogue and reconciliation work in regard to dealing with the overall conflicts: In spite of ‘reconciliation’ and inter-ethnic cooperation being at the core of the vast majority of all projects and programmes undertaken in the area, indicators of real impact regarding an overall positive change in society and prevention of future violence seem to be rather weak. The study further observes that there was a social movement developed relating to former Yugoslavia in many Western countries that in a hitherto unknown way combined traditional methods of protest and advocacy with concrete work in the field.

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22

Mengistu, Wondimu Ketsela. "Exploring the peacebuilding potential of development NGOs in areas of protracted conflict in Ethiopia: with special reference to Oromia and Gambella states." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9293.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>This study examines the peacebuilding potential of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in areas of protracted conflict in Ethiopia. The findings highlight the potential transformative capacity of these NGOs and the challenges of their peacebuilding work. The research design adopted in this study was that of a mixed design method with an emphasis on the qualitative method. Data was collected through 52 in-depth interviews, a survey involving 120 households, two focus group discussions and various secondary sources. Bivariate analysis and thematic and content analysis were conducted. The evidence from the empirical findings illustrate that by applying an "indigenous empowerment perspective", many of these NGOs have incorporated peacebuilding components into their development programmes, and have made significant contributions in five ways. Firstly, their activities have helped to activate and re-establish customary institutions and strengthened their jurisdiction over land, social and cultural issues. Secondly, their facilitation efforts in peace processes have played an important role in the establishment of inter/intra-ethnic peace groups. The facilitation efforts helped in strengthening the pastoralists' own indigenous laws and in drawing-up by-laws relating to natural resource access, use and maintenance. Laws on murder, theft and injury were reinforced. A legal framework with the capacity to resolve group differences peacefully was developed. Thirdly, the NGOs' inter/intra-ethnic relations initiatives helped to reinvigorate the "values" of communal resource sharing, to build crossborder cooperation, thereby reducing the incidence of cross-border raids and resource-based conflicts. Fourthly, the NGO cross-border peacebuilding initiatives helped to revitalise economic opportunities; these improved the capacity for trade and also increased the links between traders across the border, thereby creating a reciprocal interdependence and a vested interest in reducing conflict. Finally, the NGO development programmes have, in certain areas, created sustainable access to the natural resources and increased the reconstruction of physical infrastructure; these factors, in turn, contributed to a reduction in the likelihood of resource-based conflict and vulnerability to drought. The study suggests that if development NGOs operating in those conflict areas are to have a meaningful impact, then their peacebuilding projects need to build on indigenous institutions and local actors. The study also highlights how the present policy of the Ethiopian state has restricted the peacebuilding role of NGOs. The study further posits that the Ethiopian state's judicial system and its local administration are structurally unable to address the full impact of protracted conflicts and that traditional conflict resolution mechanisms facilitated by NGOs, strategically situated, are best able to play this role. Although it is conceded that NGOs are not the "panacea" for all problems, the findings of this study point to their value.

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Eriksson, Magnus. "Färdplanen & Genèveinitiativet : Förutsättningar för framsteg i den palestinsk-israeliska fredsprocessen." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Social Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-709.

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<p>The aim of this paper is to examine if the two latest Peace Plans in the Palestine-Israeli con-flict observes the sources of the conflict and presents measures in the purpose of solving them. The point of departure is William Azar’s theory of protracted social conflict (PSC). According to Azar, the internal sources of a PSC lies in three clusters of variables: the com-munal content of a society, the deprivation of human needs as an underlying source of PSC, and the role of the state in the deprivation or satisfaction of human needs. The study is de-signed as a multiple-case study where the units of analysis are the Roadmap to Peace and the Geneva Initiative. An analyze instrument, based on operationalization of Azar’s three clusters of internal sources of a PSC, is developed and used to analyze the Roadmap to peace and the Geneva Initiative. The conclusions are that the two Peace Plans observes and present meas-ures to solve the communal content of the conflict, but both Peace Plans are unsatisfactory in presenting measures aiming to solve problems related to the role of the state and human needs. Especially the acceptance need within the state is missing in the contents of the Peace Plans.</p>

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Bickl, Thomas [Verfasser], and Susanne [Akademischer Betreuer] Pickel. "The border dispute between Croatia and Slovenia : The stages of a protracted conflict and its implications for EU enlargement / Thomas Bickl ; Betreuer: Susanne Pickel." Duisburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1193590914/34.

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Lindqvist, Felicia. "Who are the Hilltop Youth? : Perception of self vs. Perception of researchers." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96446.

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This qualitative study focuses on perceptions of actors within protracted social conflicts and the value of using self-categorization as a tool to increase understanding of conflict actors as a step towards to finding alternative solutions. It compares self-perceptions of the Hilltop Youth, a radical settler group in the West Bank region in the Middle East, to categorizations used in all of the established literature on the group. Five categories that are recurring in the literature on the Hilltop Youth (terrorists, vigilantes, active flank within a social movement, gang, and activist) are contrasted with Self-Categorization theory and will be used as a tool to determine the self-image of the group as displayed in the digital and social media. The findings show that the category that finds common ground between the two perspectives is activists. The Hilltop Youth view themselves as freedom fighters, doing what they are chosen to do: settle the land, already promised to them. Their actions and beliefs translate to political activism this both including building homes and creating outposts as well as conducting “price tag” attacks. The findings underline the difference in perceived realities between the Hilltop Youth and researchers. Concluding the need to incorporate the perspective of the actor itself in order to create a sustainable peace based on the same reality, something that have been overlooked in previous Hilltop Youth research.

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Sango, Tonson John Damishi. "The role of traditional rulers in protracted communal conflicts in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Kent, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604285.

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This thesis questions the view that the contemporary role of traditional African rulers is pre-dominantly in mediating and resolving social conflicts within States. The thesis argues that while Chiefs and Emirs in Nigeria play a significant role in resolving conflicts within their ethnic communities, their role is less significant when communal conflicts escalate in intensity and scope. By analysing the interaction between (a) the actions and strategies of traditional rulers, and (b) the escalation, de-escalation and re-escalation of conflicts involving or affecting their ethnic communities, this thesis finds that the cultural role of traditional rulers contributes to re-escalating past conflicts, thereby making communal conflicts protracted. Edward Azar's Protracted Social Conflict (PSC) theory serves as a foundation on which this thesis develops an analytical framework for mapping the Ife-Modakeke conflict and the Jos-Plateau conflict in Nigeria. Both conflicts have a history of sporadic violence that spans three political eras; pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial. The fact that some of the traditional rulers that govern the affected communities also existed from pre-colonial times, presents an opportunity to analyse their past and present actions/strategies in relation to the conflicts' protracted cycle, as well as the political and contextual dynamics that shaped these actions. Although PSC theory serves the purpose of explaining the role of historical and contextual factors in shaping the genesis of PSCs, it focuses more on the role of the State as the sole intervening actor that influences the process dynamics of PSCs. However, the role of traditional actors cannot be neglected when analysing protracted communal conflicts involving identity groups such as Ife and Modakeke, because of their centrality in the governance of ethnic communities in Nigeria. As such, this thesis modifies Azar's PSC theory to include traditional rulers as secondary intervening actors in protracted communal and social conflicts.

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Almansour, Mansour. "The participant role of external powers in protracted social conflicts : the case of Lebanon 1973-1982." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262988.

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Jerónimo, Natividade Helena Mateus. "Scientific expertise, uncertainties and politics : the protracted social and political conflicts over hazardous industrial waste in Portugal." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613020.

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Ribetti, Marcella Marisa. "Some conflicts may not end the stability of protracted violence in Colombia /." Thesis, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3106588.

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Yeomans, Christopher Louis. "Protracted structural conflict transformation in the Americas : the case of Nieuw Koffiekamp and the OAS /." 2002. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=766444101&sid=10&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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"Protracted conflict, economic status and health services as determinants of health outcomes among the general population in Burundi." THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY, 2008. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3309804.

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32

Silva, Catarina dos Santos. "Cultivar a Paz, Colher Violência: O Conflito Colombiano e a Produção de Café." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/94752.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Relações Internacionais - Estudos da Paz, Segurança e Desenvolvimento apresentada à Faculdade de Economia<br>Este trabalho procura examinar criticamente o impacto de choques externos no vigor de uma guerra interna. Os conflitos prolongados caraterizam-se, entre outros fatores, por variam em intensidade ao longo do tempo e por estabeleceram uma complexa rede de ligações transnacionais. Desta forma, a conjuntura internacional influencia as dinâmicas de violência endémica. O comércio, os termos de troca e as estruturas de governação supranacionais podem potenciar os fatores endógenos que alimentam os confrontos. Ao mergulhar no estudo de caso da produção de café na Colômbia, este projeto visa analisar de que forma as variações de preço deste bem primário influem na intensidade da violência nas regiões produtoras. Assim, iremos observar em que medida os choques de preço negativos no mercado do café interagem com as decisões microeconómicas dos pequenos produtores e com o tecido social nas comunidades rurais. De forma a explorar este tema e ilustrar de que maneira as condições socioeconómicas produzidas por um determinado modelo de gestão e comercialização dos recursos são um fator importante na análise dos conflitos, o presente trabalho baseia-se em metodologias qualitativas, que incluem trabalho de campo, entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação participativa na Colômbia. Revela-se importante reforçar a resiliência e empoderar as comunidades locais para que estas consigam fazer face à choques externos. No entanto, este processo apenas será eficaz para uma transformação dos conflitos, se for acompanhado de medidas de segurança social a nível nacional e de um quadro internacional que submeta os imperativos económicos às necessidades locais.<br>This dissertation aims to critically examine the impact of external shocks in the course of an internal war. Protracted social conflicts are characterized, among other traits, by their variable intensity over time and by establishing an intricate network of transnational links. Thus, international conjuncture affects the dynamics of endemic violence. Commerce, the terms of trade and the government structures can enhance the endogenous elements that power the confrontations. By plunging into the case study of the coffee production in Colombia, this project intends to analyze in what way the price variations of this primary good impact the severity of the violence in the producing regions. This works intends to assess in what way a negative price shock in the coffee market interacts with the microeconomic decisions of small producers and with the social tissue in rural communities. In order to explore this topic and illustrate how the socio-economic conditions created by a given management and trading model are an important factor in feud scrutiny, this study is based on qualitative methods that include field research, semi-structured interviews and participant observation in Colombia. The reinforcement of the resiliency and the empowerment of the local communities prove to be essential in the way they face external shocks. However, this process will only be efficient in the positive transformation of the conflicts if it is followed by nationwide social security actions and by an international framework that subordinates the economic imperatives to the local needs.

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Karabin, Kevin. "Bezpečnostní opatření proti extrémizmu v Bosně a Hercegovině: prostor pro zlepšení?" Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-387153.

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1 Abstract This diploma thesis' aim was to find out what are the security measures countering radicalization and extremism in Bosnia-Herzegovina and whether there is any room for improvement. Firstly, the thesis analysed several official documents related to the security of Bosnia-Herzegovina and the relevant reports of the international community, in order to review the concrete security measures and compared them with security measures, which are in effect in other European countries. This allowed the author to draw specific security recommendation for Bosnia-Herzegovina based on the best-practices from abroad. Secondly, this thesis provides the opinions of three experts on Bosnia-Herzegovina and its internal situation. The experts assessed the security situation in the country, identified the areas of security which shall be enhanced and proposed concrete measures, which could elevate the security situation in the country. This thesis's main assumption was that the security measures currently in effect are insufficient and that there is much room for improvement. The analysis of the documents showed that there are many specific security measures, in terms of fighting radicalisation of youth, online radicalisation or religious extremism, which are used abroad, that could be implemented to...

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