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Journal articles on the topic 'Protracted conflict'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Platon, Mircea Alexandru. "“PROTRACTED CONFLICT”." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 12, no. 2 (2015): 407–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x15000119.

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AbstractRobert Strausz-Hupé (1903-2002) and Stefan Possony (1913-1995) were two scholars and policy makers who reached the peak of their careers as the tutelary spirits of the Foreign Policy Research Institute (FPRI), founded in 1955 at the University of Pennsylvania. Through the FPRI and its journal,Orbis, the influence of these two anti-”totalitarian” crusaders reached the high echelons of the United States military and U.S. policy makers. This article analyzes the way in which the intellectuals of the FPRI—“defense intellectuals”—tweaked concepts such as “human rights,” “freedom,” “democrac

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Friedman, Gil. "Commercial Pacifism and Protracted Conflict." Journal of Conflict Resolution 49, no. 3 (2005): 360–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002705276566.

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Rishmawi, Mona. "Protecting the right to life in protracted conflicts: The existence and dignity dimensions of General Comment 36." International Review of the Red Cross 101, no. 912 (2019): 1149–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383120000272.

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AbstractWith a focus on situations of protracted conflict, this article explores the new horizons offered by the recent explanation by the United Nations Human Rights Committee on the right to life in its General Comment 36. The freshly formulated contours of this right not only present normative clarity but are also valuable for conflict management and resolution. Considering the articulation by the Human Rights Committee, we can now see two dimensions of this right: existence and dignity. Although the existence dimension is not new, one now finds additional insights concerning the legality,

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Gawerc, Michelle. "Constructing a Collective Identity Across Conflict Lines: Joint Israeli-Palestinian Peace Movement Organizations*." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 21, no. 2 (2016): 193–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/1086-671x-20-2-193.

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For collective action to occur and be sustainable, social movements must construct collective identities and develop a sense of themselves as collective actors. This is especially difficult for movements that work across deep political and cultural chasms, and in situations of protracted conflict. Yet, there has been almost no research on how movement organizations, which work across conflict lines in situations of protracted conflict, are able to establish this sense of cohesion. This project investigates how two joint Israeli-Palestinian peace movement organizations are able to construct sha

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5

Rupesinghe, Kumar. "Theories of Conflict Resolution and Their Applicability To Protracted Ethnic Conflicts." Bulletin of Peace Proposals 18, no. 4 (1987): 527–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096701068701800405.

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6

Lewis, Dustin A. "The notion of “protracted armed conflict” in the Rome Statute and the termination of armed conflicts under international law: An analysis of select issues." International Review of the Red Cross 101, no. 912 (2019): 1091–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383120000028.

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AbstractLegal controversies and disagreements have arisen about the timing and duration of numerous contemporary armed conflicts, not least regarding how to discern precisely when those conflicts began and when they ended (if indeed they have ended). The existence of several long-running conflicts – some stretching across decades – and the corresponding suffering that they entail accentuate the stakes of these debates. To help shed light on some select aspects of the duration of contemporary wars, this article analyzes two sets of legal issues: first, the notion of “protracted armed conflict”

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Grace K, Neinunnem, Paramita Bhawmik, Jayakumar C, and Sekar K. "Emotional Vulnerability of Displaced Children in a Protracted Conflict." Artha - Journal of Social Sciences 18, no. 2 (2019): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12724/ajss.49.3.

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Children are the most vulnerable and affected population in areas of protracted armed conflict. Due to internal displacement, deaths, injury, separation from family, and other social and economic disruptions are on the rise. In India, there are limited studies focussing on children in protracted conflict. This study focusses on the state of Manipur and looks into the relationship between the background to displacement and emotional vulnerability and tries to understand the different aspects of emotional vulnerability that children have faced due to the protracted armed conflict.

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COLARESI, MICHAEL, and WILLIAM R. THOMPSON. "Strategic Rivalries, Protracted Conflict, and Crisis Escalation." Journal of Peace Research 39, no. 3 (2002): 263–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343302039003002.

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9

Halabi, Yakub. "Protracted Conflict, Existential Threat and Economic Development." International Studies 46, no. 3 (2009): 319–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002088171004600303.

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Fuller, Ryan P., and Ronald E. Rice. "Portraying Protracted Conflict in the Entertainment Industry." Journalism Studies 20, no. 9 (2018): 1339–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1461670x.2018.1513817.

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11

Remler, Philip. "Ukraine, Protracted Conflicts and the osce." Security and Human Rights 26, no. 1 (2015): 88–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18750230-02601003.

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Aspects of the Ukraine crisis present enormous problems for the future of osce and other international conflict mediation. Annexation, “hybrid” warfare, the proliferation of non-recognized separatist polities, the absence of a shared baseline of facts and, therefore, the sharp divergence of narratives, and perhaps most of all, the development of fortress mentalities – all of these have challenged the “Helsinki acquis” on which the osce is based. Developments in the protracted conflicts – greater Russian control over three of the separatist polities to the point of crypto-annexation and the spr

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12

Simão, Licínia. "The problematic role of EU democracy promotion in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Nagorno-Karabakh." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 45, no. 1-2 (2012): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2012.03.001.

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This article looks at the interdependences between the democratisation processes in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Nagorno-Karabakh and the management of the Karabakh conflict, focussing on the EU’s democracy promotion policies. The article argues that the EU’s normative foreign policy in the South Caucasus has been limited by the permanence of the protracted conflicts, in two interrelated ways. First, by not addressing the conflicts the EU focused on long-term goals but failed to provide short-term incentives towards peace. Second, by allowing only a limited involvement in the protracted conflicts,

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13

Richani, Nazih. "Multinational Corporations, Rentier Capitalism, and the War System in Colombia." Latin American Politics and Society 47, no. 3 (2005): 113–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2005.tb00321.x.

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This article focuses on the role of multinational corporations in the Colombian conflict, particularly how they contributed to the escalation of land conflicts and to the violent transformation of the rural economy into one based on rentier capital. It also explores how these companies helped in fomenting and financing the war system, an element that could partly explain the protracted persistence of the Colombian conflict.

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Leshem, Oded Adomi. "The Pivotal Role of the Enemy in Inducing Hope for Peace." Political Studies 67, no. 3 (2018): 693–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032321718797920.

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Protracted conflicts are also termed “intractable” in part because they are perceived as irresolvable by those mired in the prolonged dispute. The conflict’s perceived irreconcilability leaves little reason for citizens to strive for peace which, in turn, might further exacerbate the conflict. The central question posed in this study is whether hopelessness regarding the possibility for peace can be alleviated among citizens embroiled in protracted conflicts. Results from an experimental study administered in Israel show that hope can be instilled, even among those most skeptical, when an outg

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Gahramanova, Aytan. "Paradigms of Political Mythologies and Perspectives of Reconciliation in the Case of the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict." International Negotiation 15, no. 1 (2010): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180610x488218.

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AbstractIt is widely held that reconciliation follows conflict resolution. However, in the case of “frozen” conflicts, where the negotiation process is protracted and reconciliation is postponed for years, negative transformations take root. In this respect, attention to the past cannot be overestimated. How the past is framed in the domestic public sphere is an indicator of potential positive or negative transformation. By analyzing the frames of political mythology, the elements of ethnic identity and the historicisms based on divergent narratives of the political discourse in rivaling Armen

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Treverton, Gregory F., Ariel E. Levite, Bruce W. Jentleson, and Larry Berman. "Foreign Military Intervention: The Dynamics of Protracted Conflict." Foreign Affairs 71, no. 4 (1992): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20045331.

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17

Nicholson, Cathy. "The role of collective memory in protracted conflict." Culture & Psychology 23, no. 2 (2017): 217–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354067x17695762.

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18

Inbar, Efraim, and Eitan Shamir. "‘Mowing the Grass’: Israel’sStrategy for Protracted Intractable Conflict." Journal of Strategic Studies 37, no. 1 (2013): 65–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402390.2013.830972.

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Jaspars, Susanne, and Sorcha O'Callaghan. "Livelihoods and protection in situations of protracted conflict." Disasters 34 (March 11, 2010): S165—S182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.2010.01152.x.

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20

Spear, Joanna. "Foreign military intervention: The dynamics of protracted conflict." Government Publications Review 20, no. 6 (1993): 722–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9390(93)90087-6.

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21

Nyamutata, Conrad. "Electoral Conflict and Justice: The Case of Zimbabwe." African Journal of Legal Studies 5, no. 1 (2012): 63–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/170873812x628124.

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Abstract In recent years, Africa has faced a new form of conflict arising from disputed elections. Incumbents have refused to vacate office after apparently losing elections, triggering violent conflict. Regional organisations have invested considerable political energy to manage these conflicts. Post-electoral conflict accords (PECAs) resulting in power-sharing have been the favoured modus vivendi with regional mediators. However, little attention has been paid to the crucial issue of justice in the management of these disputes. Like most conflicts, electoral conflict centres on perceived inj

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22

Popov, Maxim. "MAJOR THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO CONSTRUCTIVE CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS." Politologija 87, no. 3 (2017): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/polit.2017.3.10857.

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This article explores the major approaches to the study of conflict resolution strategy from a variety of interdisciplinary perspectives. It argues that conflict resolution strategy, as a civil integration resource, is a necessary tool for overcoming deep-rooted ethnic conflicts in the unstable North Caucasus. This research pursues the goal of analyzing how the strength of civil integration can affect conflict resolution and peacebuilding. The author considers the essential factors of protracted ethnic conflicts and emphasizes the destabilizing role of the repoliticization of ethnicity in a cr

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23

Anderson, Noel. "Competitive Intervention, Protracted Conflict, and the Global Prevalence of Civil War." International Studies Quarterly 63, no. 3 (2019): 692–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqz037.

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Abstract This article develops a theory of competitive intervention in civil war to explain variation in the global prevalence of intrastate conflict. I describe the distortionary effects competitive interventions have on domestic bargaining processes and explain the unique strategic dilemmas they entail for third-party interveners. The theory uncovers the conditional nature of intervention under the shadow of inadvertent escalation and moves beyond popular anecdotes about “proxy wars” by deriving theoretically grounded propositions about the strategic logics motivating intervener behaviors. I

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24

Coleman, Peter T. "Conflict, Complexity, and Change: A Meta-Framework for Addressing Protracted, Intractable Conflicts--III." Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology 12, no. 4 (2006): 325–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327949pac1204_3.

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25

Strömbom, Lisa. "Exploring Prospects for Agonistic Encounters in Conflict Zones: Investigating Dual Narrative Tourism in Israel/Palestine." Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 44, no. 2-4 (2019): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0304375419857421.

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This article contributes to the emerging literature on possibilities to disseminate agonistic narratives in seemingly deadlocked conflict settings. In this context, conflict parties’ existence is often perceived as being under threat, which makes it demanding to question the current societal order. However, even in the most protracted of conflicts, narratives exist that challenge concurring understandings of identity. Efforts to communicate alternative narratives of identity and memory are the focus of this study, which has two foci: First, it creates a theoretical understanding of agonistic n

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26

Longvah, Shonreiphy. "India's Peace and the Protracted “Indo-Naga” Political Conflict." Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities 4, no. 11 (2014): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7315.2014.01032.6.

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27

Karunakaran, Arvind. "Truce Structures: Addressing Protracted Jurisdictional Conflict between Professional Groups." Academy of Management Proceedings 2019, no. 1 (2019): 13116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2019.13116abstract.

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28

Gubler, Joshua Ronald, Eran Halperin, and Gilad Hirschberger. "Humanizing the Outgroup in Contexts of Protracted Intergroup Conflict." Journal of Experimental Political Science 2, no. 1 (2015): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/xps.2014.20.

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AbstractCurrent approaches to humanizing members of an outgroup in contexts marked by protracted intergroup conflict see mixed success. In both Study 1, conducted on a random sample of Israeli Jews (N = 103), and Study 2, conducted on a nationally diverse sample of Israeli Jews (N = 670), we experimentally test the effect of a unique approach to humanizing the outgroup based on empathy. Instead of requiring individuals to express empathy for outgroup suffering they might have caused, this approach requires an expression of empathy for suffering unrelated to the conflict between the groups. Res

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29

Okowa, P. N. "Congo's War: The Legal Dimension of a Protracted Conflict." British Yearbook of International Law 77, no. 1 (2007): 203–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bybil/77.1.203.

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30

Wolfe, Rebecca J., and John M. Darley. "Protracted Asymmetrical Conflict Erodes Standards for Avoiding Civilian Casualties." Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology 11, no. 1 (2005): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327949pac1101_6.

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31

Hughes, James. "Chechnya: The causes of a protracted post‐soviet conflict." Civil Wars 4, no. 4 (2001): 11–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13698240108402486.

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32

Ramsbotham, Oliver. "The analysis of protracted social conflict: a tribute to Edward Azar." Review of International Studies 31, no. 1 (2005): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210505006327.

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The aim of this article is to draw attention to the work of a conflict analyst whose theory of ‘protracted social conflict’ – developed in a sustained series of publications over a twenty-year period from the early-1970s – has been neglected in mainstream international relations, strategic studies and security studies circles. The first section offers a conceptual context for assessing the originality and significance of Azar's approach. The second section outlines his theory of protracted social conflict. The third section evaluates his theory in the light of developments in conflict analysis

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Surendra Kumar, S. Y. "Prevention of Conflict-Induced IDPs and Their Protection: The Challenges." Artha - Journal of Social Sciences 18, no. 4 (2019): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12724/ajss.51.4.

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Displacement due to war, protracted conflicts, mass violation of human rights, generalised violence, repression of minorities, natural and technological disasters has been a matter of concern. However, displacement due to the intensified armed conflicts and violence has become a common phenomena around the world and remains a critical factor of vulnerability for people across the world. Displacement also creates logistical and humanitarian nightmare, and threatens international security and risks the lives of displaced people, aid workers, and peacekeepers. In this context, the paper attempts

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Hay, Alexander H., Bryan Karney, and Nick Martyn. "Reconstructing infrastructure for resilient essential services during and following protracted conflict: A conceptual framework." International Review of the Red Cross 101, no. 912 (2019): 1001–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383120000053.

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AbstractThe rehabilitation of essential services infrastructure following hostilities, whether during a conflict or post-conflict, is a complex undertaking. This is made more complicated in protracted conflicts due to the continuing cycle of damage and expedient repair amid changing demands. The rehabilitation paradigm that was developed for the successful post-World War II rehabilitation of Germany and Japan has been less successful since. There are a myriad of conflicting interests that impede its application, yet the issue consistently comes down to a lack of systems-level understanding of

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35

Aggestam, Karin. "Peace Mediation and the Minefield of International Recognition Games." International Negotiation 20, no. 3 (2015): 494–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718069-12341318.

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This article analyzes the intricate dynamics between international mediation and the quest for recognition in protracted conflict. The overarching aim is two-fold: to analyze how the struggle for recognition relates to protracted conflict, and why, when and in what ways recognition poses a barrier to efficient peace diplomacy and mediation. The article explores how preferences and interests are infused with identity politics and claims for recognition. It advances three inter-related dimensions of recognition: ontological security, dignity and identity. The conceptual discussion utilizes empir

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Abdullah Al-hatash, Naji Mohammed. "The Arab Spring and the future of the Arab-Israeli conflict." Tikrit Journal For Political Science 1, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/poltic.v1i1.91.

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The Arab-Israeli conflict is one of the most complex and protracted conflicts in modern and contemporary history. It is a comprehensive and multi-faceted conflict in its political, military, economic and cultural aspects, which has gained wide international attention due to the importance that the Middle East poses to the world. David, to our present time through the Madrid Peace Conference in 1991 and the Oslo Accords of 1993, efforts to resolve the conflict have not succeeded and the situation has remained the same as the result of the positions of the parties concerned and the interventions

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37

Bradley, Martha M. "Revisiting the Notion of ‘Intensity’ Inherent in Common Article 3: An Examination of the Minimum Threshold Which Satisfies the Notion of ‘Intensity’ and a Discussion of the Possibility of Applying a Method of Cumulative Assessment." International and Comparative Law Review 17, no. 2 (2017): 7–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/iclr-2018-0013.

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Summary The 2016 ICRC Commentaries reveal an appreciation that the intensity of violence test which is included in the Common Article 3 understanding of the notion of ‘intensity’ has arrived at a point at which situations formerly regarded as instances of ‘sporadic violence’ have become so violent as to be reclassified as armed conflict not of an international character in that the situation resembles ‘protracted armed violence’. The difficulty lies in determining whether a lower intensity situation is sufficiently violent to constitute a Common Article 3-type non-international armed conflict.

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38

Khan, Saira. "A Nuclear South Asia: Resolving or Protracting the Protracted Conflict?" International Relations 15, no. 4 (2001): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004711701015004005.

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Barber, Brian K., Clea A. McNeely, Eyad El Sarraj, et al. "Mental Suffering in Protracted Political Conflict: Feeling Broken or Destroyed." PLOS ONE 11, no. 5 (2016): e0156216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156216.

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40

Bejarano, Ana MarÍA. "Protracted Conflict, Multiple Protagonists, And Staggered Negotiations: Colombia, 1982–2002." Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies 28, no. 55-56 (2003): 223–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08263663.2003.10816842.

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Casas-Casas, Andrés, Nathalie Mendez, and Juan Federico Pino. "Trust and Prospective Reconciliation: Evidence From a Protracted Armed Conflict." Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 15, no. 3 (2020): 298–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1542316620945968.

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Traditional approaches to international aid deal with post-conflict risks focusing on external safeguards for peacebuilding, leaving local social enhancers playing a subsidiary role. Trust has long been highlighted as a key factor that can positively affect sustainable peace efforts by reducing intergroup hostility. Surprisingly, most post-conflict studies deal with trust as a dependent variable. Using a cross-sectional multi-method field study in Colombia, we assess the impact of trust on prospective reconciliation in the midst of an ongoing peace process. We find that trust in ex-combatants

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42

Newsinger, John. "Book Review: Foreign Military Intervention: The Dynamics of Protracted Conflict." War in History 7, no. 4 (2000): 497–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096834450000700414.

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Widener, Patricia. "A protracted age of oil: pipelines, refineries and quiet conflict." Local Environment 18, no. 7 (2013): 834–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2012.738655.

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Ben-Porat, Guy. "Markets and Fences: Illusions of Peace." Middle East Journal 60, no. 2 (2006): 311–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3751/60.2.15.

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The resolution of long-term and protracted conflicts requires peace builders to address the underlying structural, relational, and cultural roots of the conflict. But, operating within a two-level game of domestic and international crosspressures, policymakers may opt for shortcuts that would circumvent the major issues in contention and postpone engagement with the root causes of conflict. Analyzing the operation of Israeli policymakers, this paper identifies two policy paradigms employed in the Palestinian peace process: the neo-liberal reliance on market economy and the realist position of

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Bauman, Peter, Mengistu Ayalew, and Gazala Paul. "Beyond Disaster: A Comparative Analysis of Tsunami Interventions in Sri Lanka and Indonesia/Aceh." Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 3, no. 3 (2007): 6–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15423166.2007.144966985627.

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This article investigates the impact of the tsunami and the tsunami interventions on the protracted conflicts in Sri Lanka and Indonesia/Aceh. Several variables helped to advance peace in one country and drove the escalation of violence in the other. Natural catastrophe alone did not lead to the mitigation of conflict: where neither side perceived an option for military victory, the tsunami itself, coupled with international support and pressure, offered a way out. However, lessons repeatedly learned during humanitarian interventions were not applied. The tsunami interventions were marked by m

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Nuri, Najafov Zafar. "Conceptual Bases of the İmpact of Ethnic Conflicts on Regional and İnternational Security." Polit Journal: Scientific Journal of Politics 1, no. 2 (2021): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/polit.v1i2.447.

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The article examines the impact of ethnic conflicts on regional and international security. It is noted that during the Cold War, it was impossible to conduct serious research in this area. Because ethnic conflicts were seen as an internal affair of states. However, with the end of the Cold War, the collapse of absolute sovereignty intensified the interaction between the domestic life of the country and the international community. Such a development in the context of globalization has turned ethnic conflicts into a problem of international politics, taking them out of the context of the inter

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Ben Shitrit, Lihi, Julia Elad-Strenger, and Sivan Hirsch-Hoefler. "Gender differences in support for direct and indirect political aggression in the context of protracted conflict." Journal of Peace Research 54, no. 6 (2017): 733–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343317714301.

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The relationship between gender and political aggression is hotly debated and the empirical evidence is often mixed. While many surveys find a gender gap, with women less supportive of politically motivated aggression and violence than men, numerous case studies point to women’s active involvement in political violence and refute the association of women with peacefulness. This article argues that the gender–aggression relation depends upon (1) the type of political aggression under study (i.e. direct vs. indirect political aggression), and (2) contextual factors, notably the salience of a pro

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48

Borgomeo, Edoardo. "Delivering water services during protracted armed conflicts: How development agencies can overcome barriers to collaboration with humanitarian actors." International Review of the Red Cross 101, no. 912 (2019): 1067–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383120000077.

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AbstractThis note discusses the challenges of water service delivery before, during and after protracted armed conflict, focusing on barriers that may impede successful transition from emergency to development interventions. The barriers are grouped according to three major contributing factors (three “C”s): culture (organizational goals and procedures), cash (financing practices) and capacity (know-how). By way of examples, the note explores ways in which development agencies can overcome these barriers during the three phases of a protracted armed conflict, using examples of World Bank proje

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Feeney, Judith A. "Adult Attachment and Conflict Behavior: Delineating the Links." Acta de Investigación Psicológica 1, no. 2 (2011): 233–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fpsi.20074719e.2011.2.205.

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In couple relationships, intense or protracted conflict can activate the attachment system, raising concerns about the partner‘s availability and the future of the relationship. Hence, individuals with different attachment orientations are expected to respond differently to conflict. This article summarises a series of studies into adult attachment and conflict processes, examining four issues: conflicts regarding closeness and distance in dating couples, patterns of marital conflict, reactions to anger-evoking and hurtful events, and the role of attachment and conflict patterns in the interge

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Popov, Maxim. "Resolving Identity-based Conflicts in the North Caucasus." Periodica Polytechnica Social and Management Sciences 25, no. 1 (2016): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppso.9535.

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The article reviews the present state of analysis of regional conflict resolution in foreign and Russian literature. The goal of the research is to analyze the constructive methods for resolving ethno-political conflicts in the North Caucasus. Identity-based conflicts as a type of ethno-political conflicts have become a considerable obstacle to the Post-Soviet modernization in the current decade. The interest in the concept of identity-based conflict has been increasing worldwide during the first decade of the 21-st century. Competing identity became a prism for studying the problem of securit

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