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Journal articles on the topic 'Protractile'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Honda, Hajime, Kuniyuki Hatori, Yoshimasa Igarashi, Katsuhiko Shimada, and Koichiro Matsuno. "Contractile and protractile coordination within an actin filament sliding on myosin molecules." Biophysical Chemistry 80, no. 2 (1999): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-4622(99)00076-9.

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Oprea, Monik, Ludmilla M. S. Aguliar, and Don E. Wilson. "Anoura caudifer (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)." Mammalian Species 844 (June 12, 2009): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13413444.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Anoura caudifer (E´ . Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818) is a phyllostomid commonly called the tailed tailless bat. This is a relatively small species with an elongated muzzle, a long and protractile tongue, and generally dark brown pelage; it is 1 of 8 species in the genus Anoura. It occurs in Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and northwestern Argentina. This species is a habitat generalist occurring in mesic tropical forests from sea level to 1,500 m elevation. It is frequently captured in many

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Oprea, Monik, Ludmilla M. S. Aguliar, and Don E. Wilson. "Anoura caudifer (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)." Mammalian Species 844 (June 7, 2009): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13413444.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Anoura caudifer (E´ . Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818) is a phyllostomid commonly called the tailed tailless bat. This is a relatively small species with an elongated muzzle, a long and protractile tongue, and generally dark brown pelage; it is 1 of 8 species in the genus Anoura. It occurs in Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and northwestern Argentina. This species is a habitat generalist occurring in mesic tropical forests from sea level to 1,500 m elevation. It is frequently captured in many

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4

Oprea, Monik, Ludmilla M. S. Aguliar, and Don E. Wilson. "Anoura caudifer (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)." Mammalian Species 844 (June 19, 2009): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13413444.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Anoura caudifer (E´ . Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818) is a phyllostomid commonly called the tailed tailless bat. This is a relatively small species with an elongated muzzle, a long and protractile tongue, and generally dark brown pelage; it is 1 of 8 species in the genus Anoura. It occurs in Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and northwestern Argentina. This species is a habitat generalist occurring in mesic tropical forests from sea level to 1,500 m elevation. It is frequently captured in many

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5

Oprea, Monik, Ludmilla M. S. Aguliar, and Don E. Wilson. "Anoura caudifer (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)." Mammalian Species 844 (July 3, 2009): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13413444.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Anoura caudifer (E´ . Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818) is a phyllostomid commonly called the tailed tailless bat. This is a relatively small species with an elongated muzzle, a long and protractile tongue, and generally dark brown pelage; it is 1 of 8 species in the genus Anoura. It occurs in Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and northwestern Argentina. This species is a habitat generalist occurring in mesic tropical forests from sea level to 1,500 m elevation. It is frequently captured in many

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6

Oprea, Monik, Ludmilla M. S. Aguliar, and Don E. Wilson. "Anoura caudifer (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)." Mammalian Species 844 (July 10, 2009): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13413444.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Anoura caudifer (E´ . Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818) is a phyllostomid commonly called the tailed tailless bat. This is a relatively small species with an elongated muzzle, a long and protractile tongue, and generally dark brown pelage; it is 1 of 8 species in the genus Anoura. It occurs in Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and northwestern Argentina. This species is a habitat generalist occurring in mesic tropical forests from sea level to 1,500 m elevation. It is frequently captured in many

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7

Oprea, Monik, Ludmilla M. S. Aguliar, and Don E. Wilson. "Anoura caudifer (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)." Mammalian Species 844 (July 17, 2009): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13413444.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Anoura caudifer (E´ . Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818) is a phyllostomid commonly called the tailed tailless bat. This is a relatively small species with an elongated muzzle, a long and protractile tongue, and generally dark brown pelage; it is 1 of 8 species in the genus Anoura. It occurs in Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and northwestern Argentina. This species is a habitat generalist occurring in mesic tropical forests from sea level to 1,500 m elevation. It is frequently captured in many

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8

Alexander, J. M., and M. J. Campbell. "Prevalence of inverted and non-protractile nipples in antenatal women who intend to breast-feed." Breast 6, no. 2 (1997): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9776(97)90177-6.

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9

Hatori, Kuniyuki, Jun'ichi Sakamaki, Hajime Honda, Katsuhiko Shimada, and Koichiro Matsuno. "Transition from contractile to protractile distortions occurring along an actin filament sliding on myosin molecules." Biophysical Chemistry 107, no. 3 (2004): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpc.2003.09.011.

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10

Alexander, J. M., A. M. Grant, and M. J. Campbell. "Randomised controlled trial of breast shells and Hoffman's exercises for inverted and non-protractile nipples." BMJ 304, no. 6833 (1992): 1030–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.304.6833.1030.

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11

Chanprapaph, Pharuhas, Jinda Luttarapakul, Somprasong Siribariruck, and Srisawat Boonyawanichkul. "Outcome of Non-protractile Nipple Correction with Breast Cups in Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Breastfeeding Medicine 8, no. 4 (2013): 408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2012.0118.

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12

Tsessarsky, A. A. "The provisional dermal folds in the mouth apparatus of the American paddlefish Polyodon spathula Walbaum, 1858 (Acipenseriformes, Polyodontidae)." Доклады Академии наук 486, no. 1 (2019): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-56524861131-134.

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The transitory dermal infoldings are described for the first time in front and behind the upper jaw in the larvae and postlarvae of the American paddlefish, Polyodonspathula Walbaum, 1858. In sturgeons these infoldings are necessary for the jaw protraction. In the paddlefishes, they, probably recapitulate the ancestral state. At the same time, the presence of these folds at the larval stages might indicate that the paddlefish larvae possess the protractive jaws. Further developmental studies of the jaw kinematics in Polyodonspathula are needed to test both hypotheses.

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13

Yang, Il-Hyung. "Long-term Stability of Maxillary Protraction Orthopedic Treatment Using Facemask in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients." Journal of The Korean Dental Association 59, no. 3 (2021): 170–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22974/jkda.2021.59.3.005.

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Cleft lip and palate is one of the most frequent craniofacial deformities impacting the patients' life from birth.Multidisciplinary treatments given by the team approach is necessary to resolve many problems. One of the treatments challenging to the team is orthopedic treatment for protracting maxilla during the period of growth.Conventional way of maxillary protraction is using facemask with intraoral appliaces such as bonded expander,labiolingual arch, and so on. Despite the efforts of the clinicians, it has been well known to have not so good prognosis for the orthopedic treatment. Recently

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Mickevičienė, Dalia, Kristina Motiejūnaitė, Diana Karanauskienė, et al. "Gender-Dependent Bimanual Task Performance." Medicina 47, no. 9 (2011): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina47090073.

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Background and Objective. Many studies have suggested that each hand has a different special talent; however, there is a lack of data in the area of goal-directed bimanual hand coordination and its dependence on gender. The aim of this paper was to investigate gender-dependent bimanual speed-accuracy task performance. Material and Methods. Twelve healthy young males and twelve healthy young females (all righthanded) performed protractile movements with both arms simultaneously by pushing joysticks toward two targets as quickly and accurately as possible. Results. Though no significant differen

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Mulyani, Isma, and Budijono Budijono. "MORPHOMETRIC AND MERISTIC ANALYSIS OF ASIAN KNIFEFISH (Notopterus notopterus) IN SAIL RIVER, PEKANBARU RIAU PROVINCE." Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati 7, no. 2 (2020): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jbekh.v7i2.156.

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This study was conducted from January-April 2017 located in Sail River, Pekanbaru City, Riau Province. The aim of this study was to investigate morphometric and meristic characters of Asian knifefish (Notopterus notopterus) besides as the most accurate initial identification of certain species. Fish samples were collected using sero (traditional setnet) to be further observed for their morphometric and meristic characters using ruler of 50 cm. Morphometric analysis applied to the Asian knifefish resulted in 23 characteristics. The highest value was found in the total length (TL) of female fish

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16

Wang, Wei, Qingwen Liu, and Yunge Zhu. "Clinical effect of modified fixed protraction treatment in children with crossbite." Materials Express 12, no. 8 (2022): 1140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2022.2240.

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To compare the effect of modified fixed protraction for patients with crossbite. 20 patients with crossbite are included in this clinical study and are randomly allocated to following two groups: Patients with the modified fixed protraction are considered as experiment group and patients with conventional fixed protraction are considered as control group, and the clinical material from two groups patients with crossbite are collected, and lateral cephalogram, treatment time, protraction dislodging or loss times in two group are measured and analyzed. Our outcomes show that patients by the modi

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17

Moore, Corey C., Ian MacDonald, Ralph Latham, and Michael G. Brandt. "Septopalatal Protraction for Correction of Nasal Septal Deformity in Cleft Palate Infants." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 133, no. 6 (2005): 949–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2005.07.023.

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OBJECTIVE: It is proposed to test the practicality of septopalatal protraction in the unilateral cleft palate infant for purposes of straightening the nasal septum and thus relieving nasal airflow obstruction and its detrimental sequelae. METHODS: Alternate infants affected with complete unilateral palatal clefts had septopalatal protraction for a period of 6 to 8 weeks (protraction group; n = 4). Septal deviation was measured by a standardized technique that used computed tomography scans. The remaining infants had no protraction and served as controls (nonprotraction group; n = 5). Septal de

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18

Rawat, Anupa, P. Narayana Prasad, Tarun Kumar, et al. "Ridge split assisted molar protraction." IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research 9, no. 4 (2024): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijodr.2023.047.

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Protraction of a second molar into the gap left by a missing first molar is an option, although it is challenging to maintain root parallelism during mesial migration due to the thick and dense cortical bone. This study was carried out to make an attempt to evaluate whether molar protraction in subjects with missing mandibular first molar and knife edge ridges is possible or not using ridge split procedure (expansion).The sample consisted of 12 subjects with missing mandibular first molar and knife edge ridges. All pre-treatment records were taken, after initial leveling and alignment ridge sp

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Sivakumar, Arunachalam, and Ashima Valiathan. "Maxillary Protraction Therapy." Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society 43, no. 1 (2009): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974909820090105.

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Richardson, David. "0376 Protracting exposures." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 71, Suppl 1 (2014): A122.2—A122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2014-102362.385.

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Rehman, Iskander. "Planning for protraction." Adelphi series 62, no. 496-497 (2022): 9–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19445571.2022.2274677.

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22

Hurwitz, Itay, Abraham J. Susswein, and Klaudiusz R. Weiss. "Transforming Tonic Firing Into a Rhythmic Output in the Aplysia Feeding System: Presynaptic Inhibition of a Command-Like Neuron by a CPG Element." Journal of Neurophysiology 93, no. 2 (2005): 829–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00559.2004.

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Tonic stimuli can elicit rhythmic responses. The neural circuit underlying Aplysia californica consummatory feeding was used to examine how a maintained stimulus elicits repetitive, rhythmic movements. The command-like cerebral-buccal interneuron 2 (CBI-2) is excited by tonic food stimuli but initiates rhythmic consummatory responses by exciting only protraction-phase neurons, which then excite retraction-phase neurons after a delay. CBI-2 is inhibited during retraction, generally preventing it from exciting protraction-phase neurons during retraction. We have found that depolarizing CBI-2 dur

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R., Jona Methusala* Patan Aslam Khan. "A Review Article on Antihelminthic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Dragon Fruit Peel Powder." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 5 (2025): 3722–53. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15487195.

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The study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of ethanolic extract derived from dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) peel powder. The peels were collected, shade-dried, and subjected to Soxhlet extraction using ethanol. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, and carbohydrates. Pheretima posthuma, a commonly used model organism due to its physiological similarity to human intestinal parasites, was used to assess anthelmintic efficacy. The extract was tested at concentrations of 25 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml, with albendazole serving a

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Baik, Un-Bong, Jin Hye Kang, Ui-Lyong Lee, Nikhilesh R. Vaid, Yoon-Ji Kim, and Dong-Yul Lee. "Factors associated with spontaneous mesialization of impacted mandibular third molars after second molar protraction." Angle Orthodontist 90, no. 2 (2019): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/050919-322.1.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate factors associated with spontaneous mesialization of impacted third molars after second molar protraction to close the space caused by a missing mandibular first molar (L-6) or retained deciduous mandibular second molars with a missing succedaneous premolar (L-E). Materials and Methods: Panoramic radiographs of patients treated with mandibular second molar protraction to close the space due to missing L-6 or L-E (14 males, 36 females, mean age = 18.6 ± 4.4 years) were analyzed before treatment (T1) and after second molar protraction (T2). Factors associated

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Al-Areqi, Marwan M., Elham S. Abu Alhaija, and Emad F. Al-Maaitah. "Effect of piezocision on mandibular second molar protraction." Angle Orthodontist 90, no. 3 (2020): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/080419-511.1.

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ABSTRACT Objectives To assess the effects of piezocision on the rate of mandibular second molar protraction. Materials and Methods Thirty-one subjects (average age: 22.26 ± 5.63 years) who presented with at least one extracted mandibular first molar were selected to participate in the study. The subjects were subdivided into one of two groups, 22 molars each: group 1, where piezocision was performed immediately before molar protraction and group 2, where molar protraction was performed with no piezocision. Piezocision was performed by making two vertical incisions mesial and distal to the extr

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Shimada, Eriya, Hiroyasu Kanetaka, Kensuke Yamauchi, Tetsu Takahashi, Kotaro Nochioka, and Kaoru Igarashi. "Rationale and design for efficacy and safety evaluation of Bone-Anchored Maxillary Protraction (BAMP) for patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate with skeletal anterior crossbite: a single-arm, open-label, non-randomised prospective study protocol." BMJ Open 12, no. 9 (2022): e061831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061831.

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IntroductionBone-anchored maxillary protraction (BAMP) was devised recently as a method of direct maxillary protraction using anchor plates implanted in the maxilla and mandible without involving the teeth. Although several reports have described orthognathic effects of BAMP on patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) with skeletal crossbite, none has described a study of Japanese patients with CLP or of BAMP treatment effects on speech in patients with CLP. This study, by performing BAMP treatment, and by evaluating speech function and skeletal and soft tissues, is intended to clarify BAMP ef

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Kongo, Elona. "Treatment of Maxillary Retrusion-Face Mask with or without RPE?" Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine 22, no. 2 (2018): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjdm-2018-0016.

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SummaryBackground/Aim: Maxillary transverse deficiency often combines with retruded maxillary skeletal position causing a skeletal class III malocclusion. In these cases combination of rapid palatal expander and a facial mask to protract the maxilla is a very effective treatment protocol. When the maxilla is not deficient is it necessary to use palatal expansion before protracting? Should we use this combination because it has been proved to be effective? The aim of this paper is to show that maxillary protraction is also effective when applied without expanding the maxilla although there are

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Koh, Hae-Young, and Klaudiusz R. Weiss. "Activity-Dependent Peptidergic Modulation of the Plateau-Generating Neuron B64 in the Feeding Network of Aplysia." Journal of Neurophysiology 97, no. 2 (2007): 1862–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01230.2006.

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Many behaviors display various forms of activity-dependent plasticity. An example of such plasticity is the progressive shortening of the duration of protraction phase of feeding responses of Aplysia that occurs when feeding responses are repeatedly elicited. A similar protraction-duration shortening is observed in isolated ganglia of Aplysia when feeding-like motor programs are elicited through a prolonged stimulation of the command-like neuron CBI-2. Here, we investigate a cellular mechanism that may underlie this activity-dependent shortening of protraction duration of feeding motor program

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Lee, Sang-Hoon, Sang-Duck Koh, Dong-Hwa Chung, Jin-Woo Lee, and Sang-Min Lee. "Comparison of skeletal anchorage and tooth-borne maxillary protraction followed by fixed appliance in Class III malocclusion." European Journal of Orthodontics 42, no. 2 (2019): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjz086.

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Summary Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare the results of skeletal anchorage (SAMP) and tooth- borne (TBMP) maxillary protraction followed by fixed appliance in growing skeletal Class III patients. Materials and methods Patients treated with maxillary protraction were selected and classified into two groups (SAMP: n = 19, mean age = 11.19 years; TBMP: n = 27, mean age = 11.21 years). Lateral cephalograms taken before treatment (T0), after the maxillary protraction (T1), and after the fixed appliance treatment (T2) were analysed and all variables were statistically tested to fi

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Salman, Dr, Ch Lalitha, K. Srinivas Kumar, and Venkata Naidu. "The Protraction Pendulum Appliance." International Journal of Dentistry Research 7, no. 1 (2022): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/dentistry.2022.7104.

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James J Hilgers of california introduced the Pendulum Appliance in 1992 as mechanism for Class II non complaince treatment. The appliance uses a nance acrylic button for palatal anchorage and 0.036” TMA springs to deliver a light and continuous force to upper molars distalization without affecting palatal button [1]. Pendulum appliance can also be used for molar protraction both unilateral or bilateral by reversing the spring bend back and activating towards the molar to be protracted.

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Singh, SatinderPal, and AshokKumar Jena. "Splinted mandibular protraction appliance." Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 6, no. 5 (2015): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-237x.152971.

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Mathur, Ajay, N. G. Toshniwal, Om P. Kharbanda, and Arvind Thakur. "Bone anchored maxillary protraction." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 141, no. 5 (2012): 530–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2012.03.003.

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Lee, Wei-Cheng, Yi-Shing Shieh, Yu-Fang Liao, Cho-Hao Lee, and Chiung Shing Huang. "Long-term maxillary anteroposterior changes following maxillary protraction with or without expansion: A meta-analysis and meta-regression." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (2021): e0247027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247027.

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Background Maxillary protraction with or without expansion is a widely known orthopedic treatment modality in growing skeletal Class III patients. However, limited data are available regarding the outcomes of long-term changes in the maxilla. Aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness of the long-term maxillary anteroposterior changes following a facemask therapy with or without rapid maxillary expansion in growing skeletal Class III patients. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the databases of PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Embase. Random

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Peeters, Ian, Thomas Braeckevelt, Stijn Herregodts, Tanneke Palmans, Lieven De Wilde, and Alexander Van Tongel. "Kinematic Alterations in the Shoulder Complex in Rockwood V Acromioclavicular Injuries During Humerothoracic and Scapulothoracic Movements: A Whole-Cadaver Study." American Journal of Sports Medicine 49, no. 14 (2021): 3988–4000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465211053016.

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Background: Previous cadaveric kinematic studies on acromioclavicular injuries described mainly rotational differences during humerothoracic movements. Although isolated scapulothoracic movements are also often performed during activities of daily life and can be painful after acromioclavicular injuries, they have not been extensively studied. Further, the analysis of joint translations in kinematic studies has received little attention compared with biomechanical studies. Hypothesis: A kinematic analysis of joint motions in the intact shoulder versus a shoulder with Rockwood V injury would de

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Kim, Jun-Seok, Moon-Hwan Kim, Duk-Hyun Ahn, and Jae-Seop Oh. "Comparison of Shoulder Protraction Strength and Electromyography Activity of Serratus Anterior and Pectoralis Major in Subjects With or Without a Winged Scapula." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 28, no. 3 (2019): 272–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2018-0059.

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Context:A winged scapula (WS) is associated with faulty posture caused by weakness of the serratus anterior (SA), which mainly acts as a scapular stabilizer muscle. It is important to accurately assess and train the SA muscle with a focus on scapula stabilizers during musculoskeletal rehabilitation of individuals with a WS.Objective:The authors examined muscle activity in the SA and pectoralis major (PM), upper trapezius (UT), and anterior deltoid (AD) as well as shoulder protraction strength during isometric shoulder protraction in individuals with and without a WS.Design:Cross-sectional stud

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Hurwitz, Itay, Irving Kupfermann, and Abraham J. Susswein. "Different Roles of Neurons B63 and B34 That Are Active During the Protraction Phase of Buccal Motor Programs in Aplysia californica." Journal of Neurophysiology 78, no. 3 (1997): 1305–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.78.3.1305.

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Hurwitz, Itay, Irving Kupfermann, and Abraham J. Susswein. Different roles of neurons B63 and B34 that are active during the protraction phase of buccal motor programs in Aplysia californica. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 1305–1319, 1997. The buccal ganglion of Aplysia contains a central pattern generator (CPG) that organizes sequences of radula protraction and retraction during food ingestion and egestion. Neurons B63 and B34 have access to, or are elements of, the CPG. Both neurons are depolarized along with B31/B32 during the protraction phase of buccal motor programs. Both cells excite the contrala

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Liou, Eric Jein-Wein, and Wen-Ching Tsai. "A New Protocol for Maxillary Protraction in Cleft Patients: Repetitive Weekly Protocol of Alternate Rapid Maxillary Expansions and Constrictions." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 42, no. 2 (2005): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/03-107.1.

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Objective It was hypothesized that, through a repetitive weekly protocol of Alternate Rapid Maxillary Expansions and Constrictions (Alt-RAMEC), the maxilla in cleft patients could be protracted more effectively than with a single course of rapid maxillary expansion (RME). Methods Twenty-six consecutive unilateral cleft lip and palate patients at the age of mixed dentition were included in this prospective clinical study. The rapid maxillary expansion group included the first 16 consecutive patients undergoing 1 week of rapid maxillary expansion (1 mm/day) followed by 5 months, 3 weeks of maxil

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NISHIKAWA, KIISA C., and GERHARD ROTH. "The Mechanism of Tongue Protraction During Prey Capture in the Frog Discoglossus Pictus." Journal of Experimental Biology 159, no. 1 (1991): 217–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.159.1.217.

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The mechanism of tongue protraction in the archaeobatrachian frog Discoglossus pictus was studied using high-speed video motion analysis before and after denervation of the submentalis and genioglossus muscles. The kinematics of prey capture were compared (1) between successful and unsuccessful feeding attempts before surgery; (2) before and after denervation of the m. submentalis; and (3) before and after denervation of the m. genioglossus. Prey capture by D. pictus is similar to that of Ascaphus truei, hypothesized to be the sister group of all other living frogs. These archaeobatrachians ha

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CRUSE, H., and W. SCHWARZE. "Mechanisms of Coupling Between the Ipsilateral Legs of a Walking Insect (Carausius Morosus)." Journal of Experimental Biology 138, no. 1 (1988): 455–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.138.1.455.

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The mechanisms by which the legs of a stick insect influence one another during walking were investigated by running the animals on a horizontal plane covered with a thin film of silicone oil to prevent mechanical coupling between the legs. Coupling between ipsilateral legs was investigated by interrupting the retraction (power stroke) of a leg for a short time and observing how the legs return to normal coordination following this disturbance. The results show that three ipsilateral coupling mechanisms exist: (a) a forwarddirected influence that inhibits the start of a protraction of the leg

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Hurwitz, I., D. Neustadter, D. W. Morton, H. J. Chiel, and A. J. Susswein. "Activity patterns of the B31/B32 pattern initiators innervating the I2 muscle of the buccal mass during normal feeding movements in Aplysia californica." Journal of Neurophysiology 75, no. 4 (1996): 1309–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.75.4.1309.

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1. B31 and B32 are pattern-initiator neurons in the buccal ganglia of Aplysia. Along with the B61/B62 neurons, B31/B32 are also motor neurons that innervate the 12 buccal muscle via the I2 nerve. This research was aimed at determining the physiological functions of the B31/B32 and B61/B62 neurons, and of the I2 muscle. 2. Stimulating the I2 muscle in the radula rest position produces radula protraction. In addition, in behaving animals lesioning either the muscle or the I2 nerve greatly reduces radula protraction. 3. During buccal motor programs in reduced preparations, B31/B32 and B61/62 fire

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Hurwitz, I., and A. J. Susswein. "B64, a newly identified central pattern generator element producing a phase switch from protraction to retraction in buccal motor programs of Aplysia californica." Journal of Neurophysiology 75, no. 4 (1996): 1327–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.75.4.1327.

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1. Buccal motor programs in Aplysia are characterized by two phases of activity, which represent protraction and retraction of the radula in intact animals. The shift from protraction to retraction is caused by synaptic activity inhibiting neurons that are active during protraction and exciting neurons that are active during retraction. 2. B64, a newly identified neuron present bilaterally in the buccal ganglia, is partially responsible for the phase shift. Stimulating a single B64 causes bilateral inhibition of neurons B31/B32 and other neurons active during protraction and cause bilateral ex

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Abdolreza, Jamilian. "The Effects of Maxillary Protrusion on Pharyngeal Airway Dimensions." Journal of Dental Problems and Solutions 1, no. 1 (2014): 001–3. https://doi.org/10.17352/jdps.000001.

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<strong>Aim:</strong> The relationship between position of the maxillary structures caused by maxillary protraction therapy and airway dimensions has not been investigated as comprehensively as the skeletal changes. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of treatment with a maxillary protraction appliance on upper airway dimensions. <strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Twenty Five patients including 13 females, 12 males with the mean age of 10.66 years (range, +0.7, -0.8 years) with skeletal Cl III malocclusion due to maxillary deficiency were selected in this study. All of th

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Sapone, Marie, Pauline Martin, Khalil Ben Mansour, Henry Chateau, and Frédéric Marin. "The Protraction and Retraction Angles of Horse Limbs: An Estimation during Trotting Using Inertial Sensors." Sensors 21, no. 11 (2021): 3792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113792.

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The protraction and retraction angles of horse limbs are important in the analysis of horse locomotion. This study explored two methods from an IMU positioned on the canon bone of eight horses to estimate these angles. Each method was based on a hypothesis in order to define the moment corresponding with the verticality of the canon bone: (i) the canon bone is in a vertical position at 50% of the stance phase or (ii) the verticality of the canon bone corresponds with the moment when the horse’s withers reach their lowest point. The measurements were carried out on a treadmill at a trot and com

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Nevzatoğlu, Şirin, and Nazan Küçükkeleş. "Long-term results of surgically-assisted maxillary protraction." Australasian Orthodontic Journal 30, no. 1 (2014): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2014-0003.

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Abstract Objective: The long-term treatment results of surgically-assisted facemask therapy were assessed by a comparison of the immediate protraction effects with those seen at five years review. Materials and methods: Nine patients treated with a corticotomy-assisted maxillary protraction protocol were recalled five years following protraction. Cephalometric films taken before treatment (T0), immediately after maxillary protraction (T1) and five years after treatment (T2) were compared. Results: The short-term results of surgically-assisted facemask therapy showed significant skeletal and so

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Baik, Un-Bong, Hong-Beom Choi, Yoon-Ji Kim, Dong-Yul Lee, Junji Sugawara, and Ravindra Nanda. "Change in alveolar bone level of mandibular second and third molars after second molar protraction into missing first molar or second premolar space." European Journal of Orthodontics 41, no. 5 (2019): 513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjz001.

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Summary Objective To investigate the factors associated with the change in alveolar bone level of mandibular second and third molars after second molar protraction into the space of the missing first molar (L6) or second premolar (LE). Methods Fifty-one patients in whom space of the missing L6 or LE was treated with second molar protraction (13 males, 38 females, mean age 19.6 ± 4.7 years) from 2003 to 2015 were included. The alveolar bone level and position and angulation of the mandibular second and third molars were measured in panoramic radiographs at pre-treatment (T1), and after the alig

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Hoppan, Jean-Michel, and Sylviane Schwer. "De la protraction en maya?" Faits de Langues 51, no. 2 (2021): 39–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05102004.

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Abstract Overcounting is a neologism which was proposed in the late XXth century to define « the operation that designates a number by its orientation towards a boundary ». With a few examples taken from Asiatic languages, Mayan numerations from Central America are generally given as representative of this uncommon type of linguistic operation to build words for numbers. However, our analysis of the operative pattern in this kind of Mayan numeration (which has cohabited for many centuries with a more simply additive type of number construction) as well as the analysis of the data from pre-hisp

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Ranta, R. "Protraction of the cleft maxilla." European Journal of Orthodontics 10, no. 1 (1988): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejo/10.1.215.

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Ranta, R. "Protraction of the cleft maxilla." European Journal of Orthodontics 10, no. 3 (1988): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejo/10.3.215.

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Grant, Thomas A. "The Protraction of internal wars." Small Wars & Insurgencies 3, no. 3 (1992): 241–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09592319208423026.

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Mermigos, Jane, Clemens A. Full, and George Andreasen. "Protraction of the maxillofacial complex." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 98, no. 1 (1990): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(90)70031-7.

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