Academic literature on the topic 'Proudové zrcadlo'

The topic of the master´s thesis are voltage and current reference sources. There is detailed description of current and voltage references, which are basic building blocks of many analog circuits, in the theoretical part. Next part of the master´s thesis is the design of a voltage reference source, the design of a voltage reference generating two voltages and a current reference source. The correct function of all circuits have been verified using simulations, especially dependence of the output voltage or current on supply voltage or dependence of the output voltage or current when the ambient temperature is changed.

The present work deals with issues of a design of operational transconductance amplifier in technology CMOS AMIS 0,7 um. The aim of the work is to design a accurate operational amplifier with a low input differential voltage.

This master’s thesis deals with design of two channel digital to analog converter for automotive applications. In first part, different topologies of D/A converters and their properties are discussed, with focus on current steering topology. Second part deals with design of convertor topology and current steering application. In third part, all parts of designed convertor are described and simulations results are presented. The designed two channel D/A converter has differential current output with 11b resolution per channel.

This master thesis is about current operational amplifiers and mainly about their internal structures and possible modifications of these structures. The Current operational amplifier consists of several elementary blocks and these blocks are shortly described and used in internal structures of proposed operational amplifiers. Basic elementary blocks of the current operational amplifier are current mirror, diferentional amplifier, current source, transimpedation amplifier and additional elements of a circuit. In this thesis, several elementary structures of the operational amplifiers are introduced. Each amplifier passed through the analysis of the circuit in software MicroCap 9.0. In this software is done the simple DC analysis of the internal structure of the current operational amplifier in connection with a feedback. The solution was focused on bipolar and unipolar technology for each connection. I deal with a method of feedback connection to the operational amplifier and explore real characteristic of the appropriate amplifier in the designed feedback. In principle this design has important influence to the resulting properties of the circuit. Within the analysis of the circuits have been found, how each current operational amplifier works in a defined current range. Every type of surveyed amplifier is closely described, the internal structure is depicted and graph of current transmission of amplifier is shown. At the end of this thesis the amplifiers are compared and there are introduced their advantages and disadvantages.

The subject of the work is an introduction to the functions of the current mirrors and differential pairs. Consequently, understanding and simulated simple circuits composed of these circuits. The simulation results are in Chapter 5, which are also included diagrams of simulated circuits..

The dissertation thesis deals with the synthesis and design of active frequency filters using current (CC) and voltage (VC) conveyors, or current active elements CMI (Current Mirror and Inverter), MCMI (Multi-output CMI) and PCA (Programmable Current Amplifier). As introduction, these active elements are described as suitable for the design of the circuits working in the voltage-, current,- ,and mixed-mode, or in pure current-mode speaking about the current active elements. The new frequency filter structures presented in this thesis using the above mentioned active elements were designed by the generalized autonomous circuit method, transformation cells and signal flow-graph theory. The generalized autonomous circuit method is based on full admittance network to which generalized active elements are connected. The described admittance networks can be used for other active elements. The next method is based on the transformation cells that subsequently are used for the design of synthetic elements with higher-order imittance. Original conditions for the design of such blocks are given that lead to maximal simplicity of the final structure with minimal number of passive and active elements. For effective usage of another method utilizing signal flow-graphs, new reduced graphs of chosen active elements are given. Their usage leads to direct function blocks synthesis with required properties. The functionality and behavior of chosen circuit solutions have been verified by analyses in simulation programs. The active elements were simulated by the universal current conveyor (UCC) or universal voltage conveyors (UVC) that were designed at the FEEC, BUT in cooperation with AMI Semiconductor Design Centre Brno with the CMOS 0.35 m technology. These active elements have been also used for the realization of chosen filter structures. The experimental measurements were performed in the in the frequency range 10 KHz to 100 MHz.

Submitted work engages in suggestion of frequency-selection filters with usage of more active elements of the MCMI (Multi-Output Current Mirror and inverter). The preamble of thesis is applied to theory of frequency-selection filters and possible usage of them. The projected circuit layouts with the active elements are discussed in terms of the impact of parasitic properties of the real models. The part of thesis is numerical suggestion of found solutions, their simulation in suitable program.

The work deals with design of the converter digital to analog on transistor level. Requirements converter a minimum resolution of 10 bits, short conversion time, low power and small chip area. For the realization of the converter is selected technology I3T25