Academic literature on the topic 'Prove legali'
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Journal articles on the topic "Prove legali"
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La, Piscopìa Sebastiano. "Rilevanza giuridica degli elementi di prova digitali in materia di crimini internazionali." Revista do Ministério Público Militar 51, no. 44 (2024): 67–112. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13971716.
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La presente relazione esposta dallo scrivente il 3 aprile 2024 presso l’Università Roma Tre il durante in Seminario per Magistrati militari italiani e brasiliani “Sistema Giuridico Militare Comparato di Brasile e Italia”, mira a fornire una panoramica degli standard legali relativi alle prove di derivazione digitale (DDE) nei meccanismi di responsabilità internazionale. Al fine di stabilire le pratiche attuali e i quadri giuridici riguardanti l’uso delle DDE nell’International Criminal Law (ICL), le informazioni sono state raccolte da fonti giuridiche nazionali e internazionali e integrate con la letteratura accademica esistente nel settore. Una limitazione fondamentale è da ricondursi alla mancanza di regole e pratiche consolidate relative alle DDE nel campo del diritto penale internazionale. Ciò deriva dal fatto che le DDE costituiscono una forma di prova in rapida evoluzione. Inoltre, l’uso delle DDE in un contesto di diritto penale solleva molte questioni impegnative, come ad esempio come conservare in modo sicuro le DDE e garantirne l’integrità, o quali linee guida procedurali esistenti possono essere utilizzate per consentire l’introduzione delle DDE nei procedimenti penali. Per quanto riguarda l’ammissibilità, a differenza di alcuni sistemi nazionali, l’approccio della maggior parte delle corti e dei tribunali penali internazionali è indulgente. In generale, le DDE possono essere ammesse purché rilevanti e dotate di valore probatorio. Dopo l’ammissione delle DDE, i giudici attribuiscono peso alle prove usando la loro discrezione.
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Naidu, Suresh, Eric A. Posner, and Glen Weyl. "Potere datoriale nel mercato del lavoro e rimedi antitrust." GIORNALE DI DIRITTO DEL LAVORO E DI RELAZIONI INDUSTRIALI, no. 170 (August 2021): 257–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/gdl2021-170005.
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Ricerche recenti mostrano come il potere datoriale nel mercato del lavoro abbia contribuito ad aumentare le diseguaglianze salariali e la stagnazione economica. Sebbene la legislazione anti-trust impedisca alle imprese di restringere la concorrenza nei mercati del lavoro come nei mer-cati del prodotto, il governo federale statunitense non ha fatto molto per affrontare il problema del mercato del lavoro, e le azioni legali sono state rare e in gran parte infruttuose. Una ragione è che le tecniche di analisi antitrust ideate per valutare il potere datoriale nel mercato del lavoro sono di gran lunga meno evolute rispetto alle regole ideate per stimare il potere (di mercato) nel mercato del prodotto. Per correggere questa asimmetria, il saggio individua una serie di metodi per stimare gli effetti delle concentrazioni nei mercati del lavoro. Gli Autori estendono poi que-sto approccio ad altre condotte anticoncorrenziali realizzate dai datori di lavoro nei confronti dei lavoratori. Da ultimo, il saggio evidenzia alcuni argomenti e prove che indicano come il potere di mercato possa essere addirittura più significativo nei mercati del lavoro che nei mer-cati del prodotto.
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Buffoni, Marta. "La prescrizione dei danni lungolatenti causati da sostanze perfluoroalchiliche (PFAS): estoppel ed exceptio doli." Trusts, no. 2 (April 3, 2025): 276–80. https://doi.org/10.35948/1590-5586/2025.759.
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Tesi Lo studio comparato degli atti processuali stranieri consente di individuare strategie innovative anche per quanto riguarda i metodi legali utilizzati per la difesa. È il caso dell’estoppel utilizzato nell’atto introduttivo di una class action americana per impedire alle società convenute di invocare la prescrizione del diritto al risarcimento del danno e andare esenti da responsabilità. È difficile immaginare lo stesso utilizzo dell’exceptio doli, equivalente all’estoppel per funzione ed effetto, negli atti difensivi di un procedimento italiano. Per contro, le Corti nazionali la utilizzano come rimedio efficace per bloccare la pretesa altrui basata sull’esercizio illecito o doloso del diritto. Considerando che eventi simili a quelli trattati nel contesto americano possono verificarsi anche in Italia, diventa importante acquisire - o riacquistare - la consapevolezza delle potenzialità di uno strumento apparentemente dimenticato che in realtà può rivelarsi uno strumento molto efficace per bloccare l’esercizio scorretto dei diritti. The author’s view The comparative study of foreign procedural documents also makes it possible to identify innovative strategies with regard to the legal methods used for the defence. Such is the case of the estoppel used in the pre-trial brief of an American class action to prevent the defendant companies from invoking the statute of limitations on the right to damages and to be exempt from liability. It is difficult to imagine the same use of exceptio doli, equivalent to estoppel in function and effect, in the pleadings of an Italian case. By contrast, national courts use it as an effective remedy to block the claim of others based on the wrongful or malicious exercise of rights. Considering that events similar to those dealt with in the American context can also occur in Italy, it becomes important to acquire - or regain - awareness of the potential of an apparently forgotten tool that in reality can prove to be a very effective instrument for blocking the wrongful exercise of rights.
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Shymon, S. I., and O. A. Lupalo. "Negative legal facts as a subject of proof in administrative and civil proceedings." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 1, no. 82 (2024): 348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2024.82.1.55.
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The authors of the article investigate the problems of dividing legal facts into positive and negative and prove that this division should be carried out only according to the criterion of the form of manifestation of the relevant circumstances. It is inappropriate to divide legal facts into positive and negative according to the criterion of the consequences they cause. Positive and negative legal facts are categories of the science of procedural (evidential) law. They are important in both civil and administrative proceedings. A negative legal fact denotes a circumstance that does not exist in reality and its absence has specific legal consequences. A negative legal fact is a circumstance that does not exist, so it is difficult to prove it in court. In judicial practice, an approach has developed, according to which the proof of a negative legal fact is connected with the proof of its opposite positive legal fact. The authors of the article demonstrate the process of proving a negative legal fact using the example of proving in court the fact of concluding a civil deed, in respect of which the requirement for a mandatory written form has not been met. If the interested party provides adequate evidence that proves a positive legal fact (the existence of a deed), then the opposite negative legal fact (the absence of a deed) is refuted. If the interested party does not prove the existence of a positive legal fact, then the opposite negative fact is considered proven. A similar approach is observed in administrative proceedings. The legislator places the burden of proof on the party interested in proving a positive legal fact. Thus, if the inaction of a public authority is contested, the burden of proof of the fact that the corresponding necessary actions have been taken rests with this authority. And the burden of proving the fact of the existence of damage caused by illegal individual acts of the relevant bodies rests with the plaintiff.
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Vovk, Victoria. ""Legal regulation" vs "legal regulation"." Scientific and informational bulletin of Ivano-Frankivsk University of Law named after King Danylo Halytskyi, no. 12(24) (December 9, 2021): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33098/2078-6670.2021.12.24.17-21.
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The purpose of the study is to comprehend and define the substantive differences between the concepts and phenomena of legal rule-making and legal rule-making. The research methodology is represented by a set of philosophical and general scientific methods. Determinants of which are comparative and hermeneutic, as well as socio-cultural and axiological approaches. Results. It is shown that legal investigations’ conceptual and terminological accuracy is one of the foundations of qualitative research. It is proved that rigor and clarity in the application of the conceptual apparatus in legal research contribute to a fuller disclosure of the specifics of legal phenomena, and is also an indicator of the level of a philosophical and general culture of the researcher. Thus, the study will contribute to the improvement of the conceptual and terminological apparatus of the theory of law and philosophy of law. Scientific novelty. The paper proves that the concepts of "legal rule-making" and "legal rule-making" are not identical, but denote different, in essence, the processes of formation of legal norms. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in further philosophical and theoretical-legal scientific research, preparation of special courses.
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Jurkeviča, Tatjana, and Kaspars Šmits. "BURDEN OF PROOF: PROCEDURAL UNDERSTANDING OF STANDARD OF PROOF." Administrative and Criminal Justice 3, no. 80 (2017): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/acj.v3i80.2788.
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Topicality of a subject-matter “Burden of proof: Procedural understanding of standard of proof” is based on ambiguous understanding of the standard of proof in legal practice, that is, of the moment when a fact is considered to be proven or unproven. Goal of an article is to research legal regulation of burden of proof in civil procedure, administrative 51ADMINISTRATĪVĀ UN KRIMINĀLĀ JUSTĪCIJA 2017 3 (80) procedure, administrative offence procedure and criminal procedure law and to determine standard of proof within each of these procedures. Burden of proof, or duty to prove claimed fact, is an essential element of any evidentiary proceedings. Determination of standard of proof is ambiguously understood issue in legal theory and especially in legal practice. Ambiguous understanding of standard of proof in legal practice may cause determination of unproven facts as proven or vice versa, or even lead to finding innocent persons as guilty. Authors, by researching burden of proof in mentioned proceedings, provides an explanation on legal aspects of its standards.
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Jurkeviča, Tatjana. "Burden of Proof: Standard of Proof in Court Proceedings (Latvian Experience)." De Securitate et Defensione. O Bezpieczeństwie i Obronności 8, no. 2 (2023): 216–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.34739/dsd.2022.02.14.
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Topicality of a subject-matter “Burden of proof in major court proceedings” is based on ambiguous understanding of the standard of proof in legal practice, that is, of the moment when a fact is considered to be proven or unproven. Goal of an article is to research legal regulation of burden of proof in civil procedure, administrative procedure, administrative offence procedure and criminal procedure law and to determine standard of burdens of proof within each of these procedures. Burden of proof, or duty to prove a claimed fact, is an essential element of any evidentiary proceedings. Determination of standard of proof is ambiguously understood issue in legal theory and especially in legal practice. Ambiguous understanding of standard of proof in legal practice may cause determination of unproven facts as proven or vice versa, or even lead to finding innocent persons as guilty. Author, by researching burden of proof in so-called major court proceedings, provides an explanation on legal aspects of its standards.
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Khabrieva, Taliya. "Technological revolutions and their reflexion in law." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2022, no. 2-2 (2022): 256–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202202statyi33.
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The article puts forward and substantiates the hypothesis on conditionality of qualitative changes in law and the legal order by global transformations in the technological way of society: namely, the emergence of an agrarian society, its transition to an industrial society, the current transformation into a post-industrial one. Following the principle of historicism allowed us to conclude that the development of law, its sources, implementation, legal consciousness, and the legal science itself is carried out taking into account socioeconomic conditionality, which forms an independent historical element of the subject of both jurisprudence and the philosophy of law. The analysis of the revealed reflexions of technological revolutions in law made it possible to highlight a special state of socioeconomic development - it’s singularity; the presence of a society in singularity determines not only the nature of a fundamentally new group of related technologies that will dominate in the future, but also the corresponding model of social regulation, which can be represented, including law.
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Hamza, Muhammad Amir, and Dr Yasir Arfat. "Legal Effects of Need and Necessity in Commandments of Shari’ah: Study of Causes and Factors." ĪQĀN 3, no. 02 (2021): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36755/iqan.v3i02.279.
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Islam is the religion of mercy, compassion, convenience, and laxity. Allah does not burden a person beyond his capacity. Ease is the basis of all the commandments of Shari’ah, which is enforced through many instances in the Quran and Sunnah. Hence scholars consider Need and Necessity as formula and secondary sources of Fiqh to save people from travail, difficulty, and trouble. Effects of The Need and The Necessity on the commandments of Shari’ah occupy a wide range. Even some of the commandments relating to faith and prayers also affect the commandments of Shari’ah and become a cause of its modifications. There is no doubt that the Need and the Necessity cannot be included in the basics for commandments of Shari’ah. Although its effectiveness in all versions of fiqh is positively proven. And the evidence of disintegration is present in the ancient and modern problems of fiqh. However the difference lies in textual scripts and their validity, so the concept of the Need and the Necessity is proved by Shariah commandments as exceptional in this condition. Whereas non-textual scripts prove their validity in the commandments of Shariah. The Holy Quran and the Holy Sunnah are evident of their basic principles, however, various religious scholars have described several effects of the Need and the Necessity, on the commandments of Shari’ah.
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Intihar Marulc, Ana. "LEGAL CONTRIBUTION TOWARD A GREENER EUROPEAN UNION." Balkans Journal of Emerging Trends in Social Sciences 5, no. 1 (2022): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/balkans.jetss.2022.5.1.59-67.
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European Union has a diverse environment and recently the awareness of the importance of sustainable development has increased significantly. Subsequently, the greener and more sustainably oriented narratives have been used in documents and legislation produced by the European Union. The European institutions have established a legal framework to facilitate sustainable investments. Consequently, member states of the European Union have been implementing more sustainably prone legislation, but have chosen different legal approaches on how they will tackle the challenges associated with the adoption of more sustainably prone legislation. One of the successful ways how member states encourage more sustainable choices are tax abatements. This article compares and evaluates the best approaches by member states with better-developed tax abatements for sustainable choices and their results. The findings of this article are that various approaches have been developed and suggest how other countries can mirror proven ways towards improvement.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Prove legali"
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AGRÌ, ALESSANDRO. "La giustizia criminale a Mantova in età asburgica: il Supremo Consiglio di Giustizia (1750-1786)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/104537.
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Hapsburg age marks a new outset and at the same time a definitive sunset of a Lombard Court, called Supremo Consiglio di Giustizia di Mantova. His criminal sentences represent a privileged observatory for a deepened study based on criminal phenomenon, on criminal apparatus operation, and on justice administration in Mantova. Ius commune system was characterize by a variegated law source mosaic, and the plurality of law levels. This system must face lot of law blanks, that inevitably required subjectivity. This arbitrium permit the surfacing of crime circumstances profile, psychological and tangible elements that characterize the felony, influencing punishment. In many trials come to light subjective element of negligence and, as defence cause, legitimate self-defence. Others elements contribute to modify punishment, as aggravanting factor of locus commissi delicti, tempus commissi delicti, the relationship between guilty and victim, consuetudo delinquendi, atrocious crimes, that required a more cruel execution. By processual point of view it will be extensively analysed evidences subject, consequence of doctrine interpretative work and in practice, judge prerogative. Criminal emergency and the fear of the omnipresent thief, assassin, and robber, appears also in those particular instruments called specialia in procedendo, a real ordo iudiciarius waiver, to stem atrociores (incurable delinquent). Process could be delayed or even stopped by remissio of victim, or by the guilty claim of ius asyli. It’s fundamental the topic of grace, instrument hard to categorize, because of his ambiguity and evading that characterize his nature. Grace is the only way for the sentenced to avoid execution or to ask a sentence reduction or to change the punishment inflicted into other kind of penalty. The study of grace shows a double-face justice: merciless and compassionate togheter. A system trying to fix errors with the examples, with augmented bloody executions, but ready to give forgiveness those who redeem themselves.
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Tamacoldi, Rebecca <1991>. "Nuovi legami nel welfare locale. Prove di innovazione sociale nel Casalasco." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9638.
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L'elaborato andrà ad analizzare le iniziative di innovazione sociale che stanno coinvolgendo il distretto di Casalmaggiore in provincia di Cremona.
Dallo studio della normativa regolante il welfare a livello nazionale e poi locale si passerà all'analisi dei casi studio osservati durante l'attività di tirocinio professionalizzante.
Verranno valorizzati i nuovi approcci di progettazione sociale e l'utilizzo di nuove tipologie di fundraising per la pianificazione sul territorio.
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Menezes, Paula Oliveira Bezerra de. "Novos rumos da prova pericial." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6579.
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A autora parte da premissa de que a prova pericial dá ensejo a equívocos e, por isso, sua produção deve ser rigorosamente controlada. A partir do enfoque histórico, a autora demonstra como a separação de questões de fato e de direito serve de instrumento ao controle judicial da prova pericial, que deve ser promovido desde a fase da admissibilidade a da valoração, sempre levando em consideração o debate real entre as partes. A autora dedicou grande parte da pesquisa ao estudo do direito probatório da common law, aos precedentes Frye, Daubert, Joiner e Kumho, bem como a outros casos marcantes, para fundamentar seu entendimento de que é tão importante o exame da admissibilidade da prova, como da sua valoração. O controle em todas as etapas da prova pericial, possível de lege lata no Brasil, visa à obtenção de prova idônea, sem a qual não é possível chegar a um resultado legítimo amparado em dados racionais.<br>The author understands that the expert evidence can give rise to judicial errors and thus, its production should be firmly controlled. Starting from a historical perspective the author shows how the separation of questions of fact and of law affect the procedures and can be used in support of the judicial control of expert evidence, which should be pursued since its admissibility through its evaluation, always considering the real debate between the parties. The author researched the Law of Evidence typical from the common law, the precedents Frye, Daubert, Joiner and Kumho, as well as other remarkable cases to ground its understanding for the relevance of the examination of the admissibility of the evidence and its proper evaluation. The control suggested, possible de lege lata in Brazil, aims at obtaining reliable proof. Without such reliable proof it is not possible to reach a legitimate result, based on rational data, in civil procedure court disputes.
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Sakkas, Symeon. "Prove di caratterizzazione meccanica del legame di adesione fra FRP ed acciaio." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/190/.
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Il progresso nella tecnica di recupero e di rinforzo nelle strutture metalliche con i polimeri fibro-rinforzati FRP (fibre reinforced polymers).
1.1 Introduzione nelle problematiche ricorrenti delle strutture metalliche.
Le strutture moderne di una certa importanza, come i grattacieli o i ponti, hanno tempi e costi di costruzione molto elevati ed è allora di importanza fondamentale la loro durabilità, cioè la lunga vita utile e i bassi costi di manutenzione; manutenzione intesa anche come modo di restare a livelli prestazionali predefiniti.
La definizione delle prestazioni comprende la capacità portante, la durabilità, la funzionalità e l’aspetto estetico. Se il livello prestazionale diventa troppo basso, diventa allora necessario intervenire per ripristinare le caratteristiche iniziali della struttura.
Strutture con una lunga vita utile, come per la maggior parte delle strutture civili ed edilizie, dovranno soddisfare esigenze nuove o modificate: i mezzi di trasporto ad esempio sono diventati più pesanti e più diffusi, la velocità dei veicoli al giorno d'oggi è aumentata e ciò comporta anche maggiori carichi di tipo dinamico.
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Martins, André Felipe Saide. "A prova do fato jurídico tributário." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/7690.
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Previous issue date: 2007-10-26<br>This paper examines the evidence of the tax legal fact. To such purpose, the first chapter studies the characteristics of the tax legal fact as a type of legal fact. Considering that Law only exists when language is present, i.e., Law only exists when it can be translated into competent language, by means of evidence; it was indispensable to insert elements of Legal Philosophy. As a sequence, in the field of General Law Theory, the fact is qualified as a legal fact and then is classified. Following, the role of general and abstract rule of law is explained, as well as the role of individual and concrete rule of law in the formation of the tax legal fact. In order to obtain an adequate treatment for the legal analysis of the evidence, in the second chapter matters that are directly related to the evidence of a tax legal fact were selected. The concept of evidence was identified, and the sense of the word truth for Law was interpreted, as well as defining the evidence proceeding, without forgetting the means of evidence. It was necessary for the researcher to study in detail the evidence of the tax legal fact. To be coherent with the premises established in the first two chapters, without which the third could not be developed, the researcher tried to answer the main questions about the matter, mainly regarding how to prove the tax legal fact, extracting conclusions based on the fundamental principles of the Federal Constitution, in compliance to the jurisprudence adopted by administrative and judicial entities<br>Este trabalho versa sobre a prova do fato jurídico tributário. A esse respeito, foram estudadas, no primeiro capítulo, as características do fato jurídico tributário como espécie de fato jurídico. Partindo do pressuposto de que só há Direito onde houver linguagem, ou seja, de que para o Direito só existe aquilo que é vertido em linguagem competente, por meio de provas, foi indispensável inserir elementos de Filosofia do Direito. Em seguida, no campo da Teoria Geral do Direito, qualificamos o fato como fato jurídico, classificando-o. A partir daí, esclarecemos a função da norma geral e abstrata, bem como o papel da norma individual e concreta na formação do fato jurídico tributário. Para um tratamento adequado à análise jurídica da prova, procuramos, no segundo capítulo, selecionar as questões diretamente relacionadas com a prova do fato jurídico tributário. Identificamos o conceito de prova, interpretamos o sentido do signo verdade para o Direito e definimos o procedimento probatório, sem olvidar os meios de prova. Foi necessário que a pesquisa se adentrasse na prova do fato jurídico tributário. Coerentes com as premissas fixadas nos dois primeiros capítulos, sem as quais não poderíamos desenvolver o terceiro, procuramos responder às questões centrais sobre o tema, principalmente à de como provar o fato jurídico tributário, extraindo nossas conclusões com lastro em princípios fundamentais da Constituição Federal, conforme a jurisprudência encampada pelos órgãos administrativos e judiciais
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Savina, Elena. "Vocabulaire juridique en tant que ressource stylistique dans la prose de Georges Simenon." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040051.
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La thèse porte sur l’étude de l’emploi stylistique du lexique juridique français dans la prose de Georges Simenon. Il existe un nombre considérable d’ouvrages consacrés à la terminologie juridique, aux concepts de loi et de crime, au comportement discursif des avocats, à l’analyse linguistique des textes de lois, aux problèmes de la traduction du lexique juridique, à l’interférence linguistique, à l’étude des particularités pragmatiques, structurelles et sémantiques des textes des traités, et ainsi de suite. Dans notre thèse, le lexique juridique est étudié du point de vue de la stylistique, ce qui constitue sa nouveauté théorique aussi bien que pratique. Dans le premier chapitre, nous examinons certains termes d’appartenance juridique exclusive selon le classement de Gérard Cornu et nous montrons qu’une sixième partie d’entre eux sont susceptibles, au moins potentiellement, d’acquérir des sens figurés. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous étudions 53 termes juridiques utilisés par Georges Simenon au sens figuré décrivant de différentes situations de la vie courante, qui, dans la plupart des cas, ne sont pas liées au droit. Dans le troisième chapitre nous analysons, du point de vue opposé, les figures stylistiques employées pour caractériser de différentes situations juridiques présentes dans la prose de Georges Simenon. Ainsi, même si ces figures stylistiques sont relativement peu nombreuses, les recherches effectuées montrent que Georges Simenon, malgré son intention affichée, n’est pas parvenu à éliminer complètement les figures stylistiques, un des éléments constitutifs essentiels du langage poétique<br>Our thesis concerns studies of the stylistic use of the French legal vocabulary in Georges Simenon’s prose. In fact, legal terminology, concepts of law and crime, discursive behavior of lawyers, texts of laws, problems of legal translation, those of linguistic interference, those of pragmatic, structural and semantic peculiarities of the language of international agreements, for instance, were examined by different linguists. So, contemporary linguistics are interested in studying legal terminology from different points of view. On the other hand, during the last decades, linguostylistic studies are also developing very quickly. In our thesis, legal terminology is studied from the point of view of stylistics, and this approach constitutes its’ theoretical and practical novelty. In the first chapter we examine some terms belonging exclusively to legal terminology, in accordance with Gerard Cornu’s classification, and we show that in reality approximately one sixth part of them can acquire, at least potentially, some figural meanings. In the second chapter, we study 53 legal terms used by Georges Simenon in their figural meaning to describe different situations from everyday life which, in the most of cases, are not associated with legal situations. In the third chapter we analyze, from the opposite point of view, stylistic figures used to characterize different legal situations presented in Georges Simenon’s prose. To summarize, even if these figures are relatively small in number, our thesis shows that the writer, in spite of his artistic intention, was not able to eliminate them completely and that they remain one of the most important elements of the poetical language
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Maia, Gretha Leite. "O procedimento probatório nos novos modelos processuais." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2001. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/12454.
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MAIA, Gretha Leite.O procedimento probatório nos novos modelos processuais. 2001. 147 f.: Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito, Fortaleza-CE, 2001.<br>Submitted by Natália Maia Sousa (natalia_maia@ufc.br) on 2015-05-26T16:19:32Z
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Previous issue date: 2001<br>This work is research object of the acertamento fact issue as an antecedent of by courts through an evidentiary procedure. The theme of the evidence, throughout this research , proved to be multidisciplinary : it involves the necessary analysis of philosophical , psychological, legal , sociological and numerous other sciences , each with its different scientific methods and their particular principles , which made research rather exciting , but it also revealed difficulties in operating order.<br>O presente trabalho tem como objeto de pesquisa o acertamento da questão de fato como um antecedente da prestação da tutela jurisdicional, através de um procedimento probatório. O tema das provas, ao longo desta investigação, revelou-se multidisplinar: envolve a necessária análise de aspectos filosóficos, psicológicos, jurídicos, sociológicos e de inúmeras outras ciências, cada uma com seus diferentes métodos científicos e seus particulares princípios, o que tornou a pesquisa assaz instigante, embora também tenha revelado dificuldades de ordem operacional.
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Monteiro, Marli. "O prontuário odontológico como categoria jurídica da propriedade intelectual e o cumprimento da função social previsto na Constituição Federal do Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25144/tde-03092015-103227/.
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A propriedade intelectual tem merecido destaque nas discussões atuais, trazendo à reflexão as considerações sobre o que efetivamente pode-se considerar propriedade intelectual e científica, pelo destacado valor que se dá ao texto como registro de idéias e de organização do pensamento, bem como meio de difusão dos saberes produzido. O que aqui se propõe é refletir, com base na legislação brasileira, sobre o que efetivamente pode-se considerar como resultado do esforço intelectual de um pesquisador ou produtor, na área da ciência, mais precisamente no âmbito da Odontologia e o que constitui dados do paciente. O prontuário odontológico tem o domínio pertencente ao paciente, como estabelece o Código de Ética Odontológica (2013). No entanto, por expressar o conhecimento do profissional, suas conclusões, e meio de prova em eventuais demandas judiciais, esse registro é fundamental para a construção de um diálogo entre os diversos produtores do conhecimento e seus destinatários. Por ter uma função social, como preconizado pela Constituição Federal do Brasil, é preciso que a Sociedade tenha acesso às descobertas científicas e à produção dos Cirurgiões-Dentistas, sem que suas idéias permaneçam trancadas em arquivos. Exige-se, na atualidade, que seja destacada a parte que compõe o registro de dados pessoais do paciente, e aquilo que é registro do profissional e construção intelectual deste, evitando-se assim que a criação e produção intelectiva do profissional estejam na propriedade de outrem e não do seu criador.<br>Intellectual property has been featured in the current discussions, bringing to reflection about what considerations effectively can be considered scientific and intellectual property, by the highlighted value that gives the text as a record of ideas and organization of thought as well as a means of disseminating the knowledge produced. What is proposed here is to reflect, on the basis of the Brazilian legislation, about what actually can be considered as a result of intellectual effort of a researcher or producer, in the area of science, more precisely in the context of dentistry and what constitutes patient data. However, by expressing the professional knowledge, their conclusions and evidence in any litigation, this record is fundamental to the construction of a dialogue between the various producers of knowledge and their recipients. To have a social function, as advocated by the Federal Constitution of Brazil, the society has access to scientific discoveries and the production of dentists, without which his ideas remain locked in archives. If required, at the present time, which highlighted the part that composes the personal data of the patient record, and that record of professional and intellectual construction of this to avoid that the creation and production of intellective property of others are professional and not its creator.
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Bechara, Fábio Ramazzini. "Cooperação jurídica internacional em matéria penal: eficácia da prova produzida no exterior." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-23112010-101628/.
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O objetivo desta tese é demonstrar que a maior eficácia da prova produzida no exterior e a maior eficiência da cooperação jurídica internacional estão associadas ao padrão normativo universal dos direitos humanos, que possibilita a superação do principal entrave que é a diversidade entre os sistemas jurídicos nacionais. A Declaração Universal de 1948 constitui o grande referencial histórico na construção do padrão normativo universal dos direitos humanos. O movimento de difusão e consolidação do padrão normativo universal dos direitos humanos deu-se através dos processos de internacionalização e constitucionalização, traduzido num esforço de harmonização, em que se buscou estabelecer uma relação de equivalência e semelhança entre os sistemas, respeitada a diversidade que particulariza cada um destes. A aceitação do modelo normativo universal dos direitos humanos repercute no processo penal, seja na atividade probatória como no instrumento processual da assistência jurídica internacional. Na atividade probatória, o padrão dos direitos humanos manifesta-se pelo modelo de processo justo, que representa o marco comum entre os sistemas jurídicos nacionais que o incorporaram, inclusive o brasileiro, sendo suficiente a sua observância para que a eficácia da prova seja idoneamente alcançada. Na cooperação jurídica internacional, o padrão dos direitos humanos qualifica-se como o pressuposto para a maior confiança entre os Estados que o adotam, possibilitando a revisão do modelo tradicional e a adoção de formas mais ágeis e diretas de assistência. Nesse contexto, o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro impõe um novo tratamento normativo do instituto da cooperação jurídica internacional para a produção de prova, levando-se em consideração a tendência internacionalista assumida a partir da Constituição Federal de 1988, seja por reconhecer a ordem internacional como um dos fundamentos do Estado Democrático brasileiro, seja por eleger os direitos humanos e a cooperação entre os povos para o progresso da humanidade como princípios a reger as suas relações internacionais.<br>The aim of the thesis is demonstrate that the effectiveness of the evidence obtained abroad and the efficiency of the international legal assistance are related to the universal legal standard of human rights, which allows a response for the diversity between national legal systems. The Universal Charter of 1948 is the main marc in the process of building the universal legal standard of human rights. The movement of diffusion and consolidation of the universal legal standard of human rights is related to the process of internationalization, either in the constitutional level, which work was an effort of harmonization, in a way of introducing the same values, not the same rules, in the national legal systems, considering the diversity of each one. The acceptance of the universal legal model of human rights affects the procedural criminal law, even the evidence and the international legal assistance. Regarding the evidence the universal legal standard of human rights means the fair trial model, a connection between the national legal systems that introduced this model, either the Brazilian legal order, which is enough to guarantee the effectiveness of the evidence. Regarding the international legal assistance the universal legal standard of human rights means the basis for more confidence between the states that adopt this one, and which allows a revision of the traditional model and the use of different ways of cooperation, faster and direct. In this sense, the Brazilian legal system obeys a new legal model of international assistance to obtain evidence abroad, considering the international tendency affirmed by Federal Constitution of 1988, which recognizes the international order in the basis of the Brazilian Democratic State, and the human rights and the cooperation for the progress of humanity as principles to guide its international relationship.
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Marcantonio, Luiza Monachini. "Morte violenta criminosa, com acometimento da região de face, cabeça e pescoço : levantamento e análise de processos, laudos periciais e dados epidemiológicos /." Araraquara, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153940.
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Orientador: Monica da Costa Serra<br>Resumo: Nos processos criminais muitas vezes o magistrado precisa do aporte técnico de um expert no assunto relacionado ao crime sub judice para a aplicação da sanção penal. O proferimento da sentença, embasado em laudo de excelente qualidade, assegura ao processo o devido cumprimento da Justiça. A região de face, cabeça e pescoço costuma ser alvo daqueles que procuram lesionar ou mesmo matar suas vítimas. Não há estudos que analisem processos, laudos periciais e dados epidemiológicos de casos de mortes violentas, em que tenha havido acometimento da região de face, cabeça e pescoço. Assim, com tal objetivo, propomos a realização deste estudo. Para isto foram levantadas, primeiramente, decisões de segunda instância de processos criminais originários do Estado de São Paulo, no período de 2012 a setembro de 2017, de casos de morte violenta em que face, cabeça e pescoço tivessem sido acometidos. Foi utilizada a ferramenta de consulta de jurisprudência do site do Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo. Foram incluídas nesta pesquisa as comarcas cuja competência para realização dos exames periciais é do Instituto Médico Legal de Araraquara-SP. Os acórdãos foram lidos e selecionados os que tratavam de homicídio, lesão corporal seguida de morte e latrocínio consumados. Os laudos periciais correspondentes aos processos levantados foram buscados no IML de Araraquara. Essa busca resultou em 49 laudos, que foram analisados. Observou-se que a maioria das vítimas de homicídio e latrocínio era homem, bra... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: In criminal lawsuits, the judge often needs the technical input of an expert on the subject related to the crime, for the application of the penal sanction. The delivery of the decision, based on a report of excellent quality, ensures to the lawsuit the due enforcement of justice. The face, head and neck region is often targeted by those who seek to injure or even to kill their victims. There are no studies that analyze lawsuits, expert reports and epidemiological data of cases of violent deaths, in which there has been involvement of the face, head and neck region. Thus, with this objective, we propose this study. For this purpose, we searched decisions of the second instance of criminal cases originated in State of São Paulo, from 2012 to September 2017, in cases of violent death in which the face, head and neck were affected. We used the consultation jurisprudence tool of the website of the Court of Justice of São Paulo. We included in this research the counties whose competence to perform the expert examinations is from the Institute of Legal Medicine (IML) of Araraquara-SP. The decisions were read and those related to consumated homicide, body injury followed by death and robbery followed by death were selected. The expert reports corresponding to the selected cases were searched in the IML of Araraquara. This search resulted in 49 reports, which were analyzed. We observed that the majority of homicide and robbery victims were male, white, under 40 years of age and of lo... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Mestre
Books on the topic "Prove legali"
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Espenschied, Lenné Eidson. Contract drafting: Powerful prose in transactional practice. American Bar Association, 2010.
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Kleymenov, Mihail, Ivan Kleymenov, and Margarita Kozlovskaya. Criminal community:criminological and legal analysis. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1905567.
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The monograph is devoted to comparative criminological and comparative legal analysis of the criminal community as a specific form of organized crime. It is proved that the criminal community cannot be reduced to a criminal organization, and even more so to an organized criminal group. It is shown that criminal communities in various states have common, meeting modern challenges, and specific features due to national-ethnic mentality and peculiarities of state-legal development. Various concepts of the fight against organized crime are considered, criminal and legal measures to counter the activities of terrorist, extremist and ordinary criminal communities are proposed.
 For specialists in the field of criminal law sciences, teachers, postgraduates, students and undergraduates of law schools, law enforcement officers.
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Spasennikov, B. A. Nevmeni︠a︡emostʹ v ugolovnom prave: Monografii︠a︡. Izdatelʹstvo "I︠U︡rlitinform", 2013.
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Kri︠a︡zhkov, V. A. Korennye malochislennye narody Severa v rossiĭskom prave. Norma, 2010.
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Charles, Morse. Apices juris and other legal essays in prose and verse. Canadian Law Book Co., 1995.
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Bastida, Letizia Gianformaggio. In difesa del sillogismo pratico ovvero alcuni argomenti Kelseniani alla prova. Giuffrè, 1987.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Prove legali"
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Hwang, Michael, and Aloysius Chang. "Corruption in International Investment Arbitration." In Corruption and Illegality in Asian Investment Arbitration. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9303-1_6.
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AbstractCorruption takes on several forms, including bribery, trading in influence and facilitation payments, with some forms facing universal condemnation but not others. The topic of corruption and its many forms is gaining increasing importance in the field of investor–state dispute settlement, where three broad categories of issues are relevant: evidentiary issues, attribution of responsibility and legal consequences. As corruption is notoriously difficult to prove, many unique legal issues arise with regard to the evidence required to prove the relevant allegations. Even where there is evidence of the alleged corruption at hand, there is the added complexity of the need to establish whether the relevant act is attributable to the party alleged to have committed it—particularly host states. Once corruption has been proven and properly attributed, the legal consequences of that finding of fact must be determined, which may differ depending on various factors, including the extent to which the parties were complicit in the corruption and the nature of the corruption.
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Fang, Youlin, Heng Wang, and Dongqing Yang. "Avoiding Error-Prone Reordering Optimization During Legal Systems Migration." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11546924_4.
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Schwarz, L. E., E. Kattner, V. Mauer, V. Schneider, and H. Pöche. "Comparison between the Consanguinity Determination by a Multi-Locus Probe and Three Single-Locus Probes." In Acta Medicinæ Legalis Vol. XLIV 1994. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79523-7_30.
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Fletcher, George P., and Shachar Eldar. "A Probe into the Soul of Israeli Criminal Law." In The Quest for Core Values in the Application of Legal Norms. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78953-4_13.
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Fernández-Fernández, I., A. Castro, S. Alonso, et al. "Frequency Database for the D2S44 Locus Using Dig-Labeled YNH24 Probe in the Basque Country Population." In Acta Medicinæ Legalis Vol. XLIV 1994. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79523-7_21.
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Featherstone, Lisa, Cassandra Byrnes, Jenny Maturi, Kiara Minto, Renée Mickelburgh, and Paige Donaghy. "Sexual Consent and Its Contexts." In Palgrave Socio-Legal Studies. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46622-9_1.
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AbstractConsent is more complicated than a simple ‘yes’ or ‘no’. This chapter serves as an introduction to many of the central ideas around consent in current cultures. It identifies the ways consent, violence, and coercion were and are conceptualised. It seeks to problematise simple concepts of consent and to highlight the ways power and authority influence consent. Our contemporary landscape retains important historical legacies that have left significant holes in social ideas of bodily authority and sexual autonomy. To better understand these gaps and omissions, this chapter traces the long history of consent and non-consent within social, cultural, and legal frameworks. For instance, across the nineteenth century, expectations of physical violence and force were slowly written out of the statutes surrounding rape: consent, rather than physical violence, became the criteria that distinguished sexual assault. Nonetheless, in the absence of physical violence, it remained almost impossible to convict an offender of rape, and force remained central to the way rape was ‘proven’ at trial. As this chapter explores, ideas about consent shifted over time and place, but many understandings remained resistant to change.
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Nowak-Far, Artur. "The Rule of Law Framework in the European Union: Its Rationale, Origins, Role and International Ramifications." In Defending Checks and Balances in EU Member States. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62317-6_12.
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AbstractAt present, the European rule of law enforcement framework under Article 7 TEU (RLF) is vulnerable to unguaranteed, discretionary influences of the Member States. This vulnerability arises from its procedural format which requires high thresholds in decision-making with the effect that this procedure is prone to be terminated by the EU Member States likely to be scrutinized under it, if only they collude. Yet, the Framework may prove effective to correct serious breaches against human rights (in the context of ineffective rule of law standards). The European Commission is bound to pursue the RLF effectiveness for the sake of achieving relative uniformity of application of EU law (at large), and making the European Union a credible actor and co-creator of international legal order. The RLF is an important tool for the maintenance of relative stability of human rights and the rule of law in the EU despite natural divergence propensity resulting from the procedural autonomy of the EU Member States. By achieving this stability, the EU achieves significant political weight in international dialogue concerning human rights and the rule of law and preserves a high level of its global credibility in this context. Thus, RLF increases the EU’s effectiveness in promoting the European model of their identification and enforcement.
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Potter, Michael. "Ramsey’s Transcendental Argument." In Ramsey’s Legacy. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199279555.003.0006.
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Abstract One of the papers of Ramsey’s Nachlass which his widow, Lettice, sold to the Hillman library at Pittsburgh is a set of notes entitled ‘ The Infinite’. Embedded in these notes is the following curious argument for the Axiom of Infinity:We can say that the idea of infinity proves its existence. ( Wittgenstein’s extra prop). But the sign 00 proves nothing. We can prove it this way. It is clear that there may be an 00 of atoms and whether there are or not is an empirical fact, and this possibility implies an 00 of objects, as it were to be the possible atoms.
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"Legal-Probe." In Springer Reference Medizin. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_301028.
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"Testamentary and Legal Prose." In Poems and Prose from the Old English. Yale University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/9780300130416-011.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Prove legali"
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Fowler, Chris M., and Frank Dean. "Hydrogen Cracking Behavior of Legacy Carbon Steels." In CORROSION 2015. NACE International, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2015-06199.
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Abstract Steel in sour corrosive service is prone to various forms of hydrogen induced cracking (HIC). This can take several forms, such as center line cracking, surface blisters and stress oriented HIC (SOHIC). In this paper the effect of the corrosion scenario, steel microstructure heterogeneity, steel surface condition and scales on the type of damage that is manifest will be considered, particularly in reference to legacy steels which are more prone to HIC. It is hoped the paper will contribute to our knowledge of both the cause of HIC damage manifest in damaged pipe, and the susceptibility to HIC that can be expected from legacy steels which face prospectively more severe sour service.
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Pavel, Marilena, Perumal Shanthakumaran, Harm Cazemier, Olaf Stroosma, Qiping Chu, and Mike Wolfe. "Development of Advanced Flight Control Laws for the AH-64 Apache Helicopter - Sketches from the work of TU Delft-Boeing Project in SIMONA Simulator." In Vertical Flight Society 72nd Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0072-2016-11467.
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A joint research project (2010-2014) between Delft University of Technology and Boeing Mesa was conducted in SIMONA Research Simulator (SRS) at Delft University with the goal to develop advanced flight control laws for handling qualities (HQs) improvements of the Apache AH-64 helicopter. The goal of the present paper is to concentrate on implementation and simulator testing of modern control laws for Apache's AH-64D Longbow helicopter to provide improved handling qualities for hover and low speed flight in degraded visual environment. The paper will implement an "Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion (INDI)" controller into the Boeing's FlyRT AH-64 Apache baseline model for the existing partial authority stability augmentation system (SAS). The INDI will be used to provide both attitude command attitude hold and translational rate command response types based on the requirements in ADS-33E. Implementation of the INDI into Apache's FlyRT proved to be challenging because the model was not affine in the control inputs. Actuator dynamics and rotor dynamics (most likely flapping dynamics) caused the designed INDI controller to overcontrol the helicopter. The paper proposes three adaptations of the INDI methodology that prove able to stabilize the helicopter and can be used as an alternative to a full authority, fly-bywire, control system upgrade. Handling qualities evaluations conducted in SIMONA simulator for the ADS-33 hover and pirouette maneuvers demonstrated that the INDI resulted in improving from Level 2 to Level 1 HQs, reducing the pilot workload when compared to the Apache's legacy flight control system.
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Aylworth, Warren. "The Evolving Threat and Operational Environment's Impact on Aircraft Vulnerability Reduction." In Vertical Flight Society 74th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0074-2018-12843.
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This paper examines how the evolving threat and the Operational Environment (OE) have challenged the effectiveness of our current aircraft and aircrew vulnerability reduction methods. It provides specific examples of the how Threat weapon systems have evolved, and nominates specific representative weapon systems as the new benchmark for future vulnerability reduction efforts. Additionally this paper examines how the changing OE directly impacts the overall vulnerability equation by highlighting that legacy vulnerability reduction will prove insufficient to sustain expeditionary warfare. Recognizing the aircrew as a mission critical sub-system requires designing-in new approaches to ensure aircrew post-crash survival, recovery, and crew reuse as the final critical component of a holistic approach to vulnerability reduction. This information is intended to inform those who will design and build future vertical-flight capable air vehicles and ensure that future designs account for these changes.
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Finnegan, Daniel, Michael Mustillo, and Wolfram Zischka. "Airworthiness Certification of Ethernet-Based Networks as a System." In Vertical Flight Society 80th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0080-2024-1087.
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To this point in aviation history, a typical aircraft type certification program has focused on the constituent systems that make up the aircraft, decomposing them further and further down until reaching their elemental parts and how they interact. This approach has traditionally treated the actual communication technology as only an interface, with technology and implementation based on a decision between multiple stakeholders via an ICD and high-level requirements. This has been necessary to ensure the accurate and on-time delivery of safety-critical data between nodes. When using legacy point-to-point or bus-based data communication technologies like ARINC 429 or MIL-STD-1553, this approach has worked well enough as these technologies are relatively straightforward and proven technologies. However, as onboard bandwidth needs for safety-critical data increase, these legacy technologies are increasingly no longer capable of meeting the needs of system integrators. Ubiquitous, high-bandwidth Ethernet is the obvious solution to these needs and, indeed, it has been used for quite some time in onboard networking applications for low Development Assurance Level (DAL)/non-safety critical data. However, as Ethernet moves into high-DAL applications, the certification of the Ethernet network itself becomes a major complexity that must be addressed directly.
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Rusmianto, Mulyana, Azis Budianto, and Indah Kusumawardhani. "Legal Protection of Proven Suspects Innocent in Criminal Justice." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Law, Social Science, Economics, and Education, ICLSSEE 2023, 6 May 2023, Salatiga, Central Java, Indonesia. EAI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.6-5-2023.2333501.
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Sinclair, Brian Robert. "Agile architecture: cross-cultural critical considerations of mutability in design." In 3rd Valencia International Biennial of Research in Architecture, VIBRArch. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vibrarch2022.2022.15202.
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Modern architecture is, with limited exceptions, designed and constructed in ways that prove static, staid and resistant to change. Iconic design, crafted by genius architects as sole authors, considered solidity and permanence before responsivity and adaptability. In principle architects knew best what society needed spatially and provided artful designs with expectations that were beyond challenge and not subject to modification. Over the past century there were numerous efforts by designers, such as Gerrit Reitveld, Cedric Price and Kisho Kurokawa, to anticipate change in program, to consider user influence in operations, and to challenge conservative thinking around the monumentality of buildings. In most cases thinking of these innovators outpaced technology’s ability to keep pace. However, in recent years and especially in Japan, technology has advanced in ways permitting greater mutability and heighted agility in architecture. Considering pre-fabrication for example, as one means to increase adaptability and customization in architecture, the Japanese market proves a clear leader, a proven innovator and a pronounced success story. North America, on the other hand, has been intensely resistant to agile design, modularized construction and open building. The present research critically considers these two realms, Japan and North America, deploying case studies to illuminate differences in approach. Included in facets considered from an agile architecture vantage point are psychological posturing around change, legal systems around construction, political attitudes around policy and societal expectations around monumentality. Japanese influences of history, spirituality and culture contribute to a willingness to have architecture that’s transient, temporary and unfixed. In North America values around ownership, materiality and capital resist architecture that’s mutable. This paper analyzes differences in approach and develops a conceptual frame for more appropriate, responsive and responsible architecture for the 21st century.
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Paulino-Passos, Guilherme, and Francesca Toni. "Monotonicity and Noise-Tolerance in Case-Based Reasoning with Abstract Argumentation." In 18th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2021}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2021/48.
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Recently, abstract argumentation-based models of case-based reasoning (AA-CBR in short) have been proposed, originally inspired by the legal domain, but also applicable as classifiers in different scenarios. However, the formal properties of AA-CBR as a reasoning system remain largely unexplored. In this paper, we focus on analysing the non-monotonicity properties of a regular version of AA-CBR (that we call AA-CBR_>). Specifically, we prove that AA-CBR_> is not cautiously monotonic, a property frequently considered desirable in the literature. We then define a variation of AA-CBR_> which is cautiously monotonic. Further, we prove that such variation is equivalent to using AA-CBR_> with a restricted casebase consisting of all "surprising" and "sufficient" cases in the original casebase. As a by-product, we prove that this variation of AA-CBR_> is cumulative, rationally monotonic, and empowers a principled treatment of noise in "incoherent" casebases. Finally, we illustrate AA-CBR and cautious monotonicity questions on a case study on the U.S. Trade Secrets domain, a legal casebase.
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Jovičić, Katarina. "Proklamovano ili realno ostvarivo načelo pune kompenzacije štete? - Upoređivanje ugovorne i vanugovorne štete." In Prouzrokovanje štete, naknada štete i osiguranje. Institut za uporedno pravo, Udruženje za odštetno pravo, Pravosudna akademija, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56461/zr_23.ons.17.
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The principle of full compensation of the aggrieved party governs the law of compensation of damages. To achieve this goal, the injured party must prove before the court or the arbitration that he suffered damage as well as its amount. That is neither an easy nor a simple task for him, especially when proving a loss of profits as a kind of material damage. It seems that the position of the aggrieved party from contractual damages is even more difficult due to the fact that contractual damages are hypothetical and can hardly be proven precisely in practice. Therefore, to prove loss of profit in contractual or non-contractual damage, it is necessary to accept a lower standard of proof which is sufficient to convince the court not that the profit that was missed due to the harmful act would certainly occur, but that it is very likely that it would occur. That is the only way for the injured party to realize the legally guaranteed right to be compensated for the entire damage he suffered. However, at the same time that must not be at the expense of the debtor, because compensation for damages is not a punishment, but should correspond to the actual damage suffered.
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Inyushkina, M. N., A. A. Inyushkin, and A. N. Inyushkin. "Digitalization and Digital Transformation in the Field of Russian Sports: Prospects for Legal Regulation in the Context of the Transition to a Digital Economy." In International scientific and practical conference “Smart cities and sustainable development of regions” (SMARTGREENS 2024). Crossref, 2025. https://doi.org/10.63550/iceip.2025.1.1.103.
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This article analyzes the prospects for improving the legal regulation of digitalization and digital transformation in the field of sports of the Russian Federation. The trends in these social relations, the prerequisites for digitalization and digital transformation in sports are determined. The main approaches to digital transformation in the context of the consequences of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic are analyzed. The stages of development the digital transformation of sports are considered through the assessment of regulatory directions for their implementation. The approaches to regulating the field of sports through various legal structures are analyzed, in particular, the analysis of the use of "Lex sportiva" for the purposes of digitalization of sports is given. This paper concludes that it is permissible to apply special legal regimes to test the mechanisms of digital transformation in the field of sports, but on a limited scale. The paper concludes that there are trends in the transition of legislation in the field of sports from the “Lex sportiva” concept to the formation of a stable regulatory framework that is associated with proven legal structures. It is proved that the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 07.02.2024 No. 264-р "On approval of the strategic direction in the field of digital transformation of physical culture and sports until 2030" has become the main regulatory act in the field of digitalization and digital transformation of sports, which is synchronized with other strategic documents of the Russian Federation in the field of digitalization and sports.
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Шумилина, Вера, Vera Shumilina, Юлия Коптева, Yulia Kopteva, Сатине Тевосян, and Satin Tevosyan. "MAJOR PROBLEMS OF CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION PROTECTION AND THE WAYS OF THEIR SOLUTION." In Modern problems of an economic safety, accounting and the right in the Russian Federation. AUS PUBLISHERS, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26526/conferencearticle_5c5060d2f3afe7.25271992.
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The authors disclose the basic concepts of this topic, prove the relevance, consider the types of threats to confidential information and methods of protection, both legal and organizational, presented an algorithm for creating a system for protecting confidential information.
Reports on the topic "Prove legali"
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Castillo-Ruiz, Paz. Women in Business. Inter-American Development Bank, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009024.
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Women account for 66% of the global workforce and earn 10% of the income. They produce 50% of the food globally and own 1% of the property. Besides, women represent the majority of the global poor, 70%, and it has been proven that ownership is one of the most effective means of improving their economic well-being. Therefore, promoting women economic opportunities and equal participation in the labor market is the right thing to do. But it is also good business. This reference note discusses the role that gender plays in labor market participation, access to finance, training and education, and other legal and social barriers. This document then goes on to describe policies and promising practices for promoting real economic opportunity for women.
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Gilly, Zsófia Bernadett. Impeachment as a tool of lawfare in Latin America : Conceptual and historical overview (Part I). Magyar Külügyi Intézet, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47683/kkielemzesek.ke-2023.27.
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The concept of impeachment has its origins in the history of political and legal thought as a constitutional mechanism to remove public officials for serious violations of the law or abuse of power. Originating from England, it has influenced the constitutions of the United States and the countries of Latin America. In addition to concrete grounds for impeachment, constitutions also allow for impeachment based on abstract grounds, designed for cases where no specific offence can be proven, but the abuse of power is so obvious that the people must be guaranteed the right to recall their elected leader. In Latin America, military coups have been replaced by so-called “soft coups”, which abuse various legal instruments. The abstract nature of the grounds for impeachment contributes to the potential misuse of this mechanism as a tool of lawfare, as many cases demonstrate. During the past decade, Peru has experienced a series of impeachments, with three presidents facing removal from office due to political conflicts between the legislative and executive branches. These cases highlight the use of impeachment as a tool of lawfare, undermining democratic stability and raising concerns about the transparency and impartiality of the process, as well as the erosion of democratic principles.
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Gilly, Zsófia Bernadett. Impeachment as a tool of lawfare in Latin America : Conceptual and historical overview (Part II). Magyar Külügyi Intézet, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47683/kkielemzesek.ke-2023.28.
Full textAbstract:
The concept of impeachment has its origins in the history of political and legal thought as a constitutional mechanism to remove public officials for serious violations of the law or abuse of power. Originating from England, it has influenced the constitutions of the United States and the countries of Latin America. In addition to concrete grounds for impeachment, constitutions also allow for impeachment based on abstract grounds, designed for cases where no specific offence can be proven, but the abuse of power is so obvious that the people must be guaranteed the right to recall their elected leader. In Latin America, military coups have been replaced by so-called “soft coups”, which abuse various legal instruments. The abstract nature of the grounds for impeachment contributes to the potential misuse of this mechanism as a tool of lawfare, as many cases demonstrate. During the past decade, Peru has experienced a series of impeachments, with three presidents facing removal from office due to political conflicts between the legislative and executive branches. These cases highlight the use of impeachment as a tool of lawfare, undermining democratic stability and raising concerns about the transparency and impartiality of the process, as well as the erosion of democratic principles.
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Markiv, Mykola. LEGAL FOUNDATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF FOREIGN AND UKRAINIAN JOURNALISTS IN UKRAINE DURING FULL SCALE RUSSIAN AGGRESSION. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2024.54-55.12149.
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The article is dedicated to theoretical understanding of the problem of development and protection of the rights of foreign and domestic journalists. The modern reality of journalistic activity, including the full scale russian aggression, was highlighted. The activities of foreign journalists that come to Ukraine to shoot and write materials to inform their audience with the current situation were carefully studied and analyzed. But on the other hand, the presence of different foreign press agencies in Ukraine can cause harm to national security, because information provided by foreign journalists can be used by hostiles in their criminal deeds. The harsh situation with journalists’ rights is proved by reports about targeting press-labelled cars, assassinations and burglarizing of journalists on annexed territory. War in Ukraine became the first precedent when occupational army prevent press associations to shoot and report crimes they commit there. Materials and photos provided by Ukrainian and foreign journalists do not only give emotional and information pictures to readers and the public, but also are used in courts for persecution. Because of systematic violation of journalists’ rights by russian forces, they demand an eager change of European and national law to punish criminals and increase responsibility for their crimes. Today demand on information is high. One can say that the most precious thing and one of the most valuable goods is information. The main priority today is the rights of journalists their safety Problematic issues of journalistic activity in today’s conditions are highlighted as destabilizing factors in the protection of journalists’ rights. Ways to solve the outlined problematic issues are provided. Key words: journalism, journalist, law, ensuring rights, rights and freedoms, war, invasion, journalistic activity.
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Navarro, Adoracion. The Implications of Developing a Philippine Nuclear Energy Program. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2022. https://doi.org/10.62986/dp2022.61.
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Nuclear energy remains a promising option for the Philippines. But as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has reiterated, deciding to use nuclear energy is a long-term commitment and one that should consider a time frame of 100 years from construction to decommissioning and waste disposal or storage. Thus, it would do well for the Philippines to follow the IAEA's Milestones Approach and for every government administration to be consistent in seeking progress through this approach. As a demonstration of understanding the commitment involved in nuclear energy development, the positive national position adopted by the Duterte administration may have to be confirmed and reinforced by the Marcos Jr. administration by issuing a fresh mandate to the inter-agency committee for the nuclear energy program and by setting new targets and timetable for the requirements that remain unaddressed. The Philippines also needs to ratify the past international legal instruments it signed. The existing legal framework in the Philippines for nuclear energy development and regulation also needs to be updated. On the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP), the decision on whether to rehabilitate it must be guided by project economics. Aside from the huge cost, the biggest hurdle in rehabilitating the BNPP is that the government is no longer allowed under the Electric Power Industry Reform Act to engage in power generation except for missionary electrification. Suppose the project economics of BNPP rehabilitation, or a new nuclear power plant at the same site with flexible dispatchability, would prove that this is worth undertaking. In that case, it is better to attract the private sector to the project economics of it through incentives rather than the government directly making the investments and competing in the generation sector. Lastly, the prospects for nuclear energy development in the Philippines must not only be well argued before policymakers but also be convincingly communicated to the general public.
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Brink, Malia, Pamela Metzger, and Jiacheng Yu. How to Solve the Initial Appearance Crisis. SMU Dedman School of Law, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25172/dc.11.
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Across the United States, people are arrested and held behind bars for days, weeks, and sometimes even months, without ever seeing a judge or attorney. These delays violate the United States Constitution’s promise that an arrested person—who is innocent unless proven guilty—will have prompt access to the courts, the assistance of counsel, and a fair and speedy trial. These due process milestones begin at initial appearance: the first time an arrested person sees a judge about their case. At an initial appearance, the judge should inform an arrested person of the charges against them. The judge should also make an informed decision about whether, and under what conditions, to release a person from jail pending trial. The judge should hold this initial appearance promptly after arrest, and an attorney should advocate for the arrested person. Too often, none of these things happen. This policy brief outlines five best legal practices for jurisdictions to honor the United States Constitution and protect the rights of all arrested people. In addition to detailing each best practice, the publication outlines strategies for success that jurisdictions can use when implementing these vital policies.
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Lall, Sanjaya, Manuel Albaladejo, and Mauricio Mesquita Moreira. Latin American Industrial Competitiveness and the Challenge of Globalization. Inter-American Development Bank, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009186.
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Manufacturing in Latin America and the Caribbean region (LAC) faces severe competitive stresses as it integrates into the global economy. It is not, on the whole, coping well. Though it was the first region in the developing world - in the post-war era - to liberalize on international trade and investment flows and had the most advanced industrial base, it failed to tap fully the opportunities offered. As a result, it has steadily fallen behind the most competitive economies in the developing world, the Tigers of East Asia. What is behind LAC¿s under-performance? The dominant view in the region puts emphasis on the legacy of import substitution, macroeconomic mismanagement and on a costly "business environment". Although important, these factors do not seem to tell the whole story. The heavy emphasis on "government failures" has led policymakers to overlook key market failures that stand on the way to sustained productivity growth, increasing technological capability and greater competitiveness. This paper can be seen as a first step to redress the balance of the policy debate and focus on benchmarking competitive performance and capabilities in the 1990s in LAC and East Asia, letting the comparisons speak for themselves. While it is known in the region that its recent industrial record has been poor, the dimensions are not well analyzed or understood. This benchmarking exercise, using a simple framework to measure performance and capabilities, should prove instructive to policy analysis.
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Bizer, Kilian, and Martin Führ. Responsive Regulierung für den homo oeconomicus institutionalis – Ökonomische Verhaltenstheorie in der Verhältnismäßigkeitsprüfung. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.393379529x.
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The starting point of the research project was the hypothesis that the "principle of proportionality", which is fundamental to law, is related to the "economic principle". The resulting methodological similarities were intended to enable a cross-disciplinary bridge to be built, which would allow the findings of economic analysis to be made fruitful for legal issues. This was practically tested in three study areas in order to be able to better classify the performance of the analytical tools. The foundations for interdisciplinary bridge building are found in the rational-choice paradigm. In both disciplines, this paradigm calls for an examination of the relationship between the purpose-means-relations: among the design options under consideration, the one must be selected that is expected to be as (freedom- or resource-) sparing as possible, in other words, the most "waste-free" solution to the control problem.The results of the economic analysis can thus be "translated" in such a way that, within the framework of "necessity", they support the search for control instruments that are equivalent to the objective but less disruptive. supports. The core of the positive economic analysis is the motivational situation of those actors whose behavior is to be influenced by a changed legal framework. In this context, the classical behavioral model of economics proved to be too limited. It therefore had to be developed further in line with the findings of research in institutional economics into homo oeconomicus institutionalis. This behavioral model takes into account not only the consequentialist, strictly situational utility orientation of the model person, but also other factors influencing behavior, including above all those that are institutionally mediated. If one takes the motivational situation of the actors as the starting point for policy-advising design recommendations, it becomes apparent that an understanding of governance dominated by imperative behavioral specifications leads to less favorable results, both in terms of the degree to which goals are achieved and in terms of the freedom-impairing effects, than a mixed-instrument approach oriented toward the model of "responsive regulation." According to this model, the law can no longer simply assume that those subject to the law will "obediently" execute the legal commands. It must ask itself what other factors determine behavior and under what boundary conditions changes can be expected in the direction of the desired behavior. For this reason, too, it must engage with the cognitive program of the behavioral sciences. This linkage opens up new perspectives for interdisciplinary research on the consequences of laws.
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Beshouri, Greg. PR-309-14212-WEB Field Demonstration of Fully Integrated NSCR System. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011623.
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Wednesday, October 9, 2019 3:30 pm. ET PRESENTER: Bob Goffin, Advanced Engine Technologies HOST: Chris Nowak, Kinder Morgan MODERATOR: Gary Choquette, PRCI CLICK THE DOWNLOAD/BUY BUTTON TO ACCESS THE WEBINAR REGISTRATION LINK While superficially a "simple and proven" technology, non-selective catalytic reduction (NSCR) control is in fact extremely complex, far more complex than the control of lean burn engines. Using a systems approach, PRCI research partners defined the most common failure modes for each of the components of the NSCR system. Both regulators and operators often make simplistic assumptions regarding the reliability and robustness of NSCR control. Real world experience has shown those assumptions to be unfounded. Legacy NSCR systems can go "out of compliance" resulting in gross emissions deviations while remaining "in control." This webinar will review the reasons for those deviations and then postulates a system design capable of remaining both "in control" and "in compliance." This system was then designed, developed, installed and tested. The results confirmed the theoretical analysis resulting in satisfactory system performance. The result offers regulators and operators guidelines on procuring and/or developing NSCR systems that will satisfy regulatory expectations. Learning outcomes/Benefits of attending include: - Explains for legacy rich burn engines can be upgraded with NSCR and advanced controls - Explores the instrumentation required - Looks at control algorithms involved Who should attend: - Pipeline operators - Reliability engineers and technicians - Emissions compliance specialists Recommended pre-reading: PR-309-14212-R01 Field Demonstration of Fully Integrated NSCR System Not able to attend? Register anyway to automatically receive a link to the webinar recording to view on-demand at your convenience. Attendance is limited to the first 500 registrants to join the webinar. All remaining registrants will receive a link to view the webinar recording. After registering, you will receive a confirmation email containing information about joining the webinar.
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Amador, Julio S. III, Maria Gisela Orinion, Mary Ann Del Rosario, and Jill Angeli Bacasmas. Process Evaluation of the Deployment of Service Attachés or Representatives of Certain Government Agencies. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2022. https://doi.org/10.62986/dp2022.54.
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This study evaluates the deployment processes of service attachés of eight government agencies. It reviews the current systems, frameworks, and criteria in place for deploying service attachés at the relevant partner agencies and the Department of Foreign Affairs based on laws and policies (i.e., agency-specific and interagency). Further, it reviews the monitoring and evaluation systems in place that have captured the measurable outputs and performance of the deployed service attachés. Findings validate that the processes involved in the deployment of service attachés are based on policies (i.e., department orders, administrative orders, and joint circulars) of the concerned partner agencies and governed by legal bases (i.e., Executive Order 292, EO 74, series of 1993, and the Philippine Foreign Service Act of 1991 or Republic Act 7157). While laws and policies for a uniform rules and regulations on assignments at Foreign Service Posts (FSP) exist, partner agencies have varying degrees of policy consistencies (i.e., creation of a selection committee for recruitment of service attachés, roster, or rotation pool) and discrepancies in the implementation of their own policies (i.e., length of stay at FSPs). On the other hand, the monitoring and evaluation systems of the partner agencies proved to be a challenge to obtain. While some of the government agencies’ home service units confirmed the existence and submission of performance and evaluation reports by service attachés or heads of post, actual samples of these reports were not received. Thus, this study opens further research on the examination of the service attachés’ performance and evaluation reports, a review of their content, and an analysis of their outputs vis-à-vis the government agencies’ budget costs.