Relevant bibliographies by topics / Prove PISA

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Prove PISA'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Prove PISA"

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D'Auria, F., S. Soloviev, D. Mazzini, and C. Sollima. "Deterministic Safety Technology for RBMK Reactors." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2008 (2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/781824.

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The present paper deals with the description of the technical activities conducted within the TACIS Project R2.03/97, 2 EC Contract no. 30303, related to RBMK. The project activities are focused toward the setting-up of a chain of computational tools suitable for the analysis of transients expected in the RBMK nuclear power plant (NPP). The accident leading to the rupture of one pressure channel, with fuel melting or high temperature damage, creep and brittle failure of the pressure tube and of graphite bricks with possibility of rupture propagation, constitutes the reference scenario for the project. However, a series of expected scenarios has been selected to prove the capability of the individual codes or chains of code in simulating the envisaged phenomenology. The paper summarizes the activities performed at NIKIET in Moscow and at University of Pisa (UNIPI) in Pisa. A top-down approach is pursued in structuring the executive summary that includes the following sections: (i) the safety needed for the RBMK NPP, (ii) the roadmap, (iii) the adopted computational tools, (iv) key findings, (v) Emphasis is given to the multiple pressure tube rupture (MPTR) issue and the individual channel monitoring (ICM) proposal.
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Smulczyk, Marek, Roman Dolata, and Artur Pokropek. "Selekcja na progu szkoły ponadgimnazjalnej: merytokracja czy statusowy determinizm?" Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny 64, no. 4 (254 (February 13, 2020): 216–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.8470.

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The article presents the results of analyses of the impact of the socioeconomic status (SES) of the student’s family on the selection processes at the threshold of upper secondary school. It was checked whether SES affects these processes only through the results of the lower secondary school examination or there is a direct impact of this factor. The data used came from the nationwide survey of upper secondary school students, which was a Polish extension of OECD’s PISA study. The results of path modeling prove that there is a direct impact of status factors on the selection processes and its strength is similar to the SES effect mediated by the results of the lower secondary school (gimnazjum) examination.
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Pisante, Adriano, and Fabio Punzo. "Allen–Cahn approximation of mean curvature flow in Riemannian manifolds, II: Brakke's flows." Communications in Contemporary Mathematics 17, no. 05 (October 2015): 1450041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219199714500412.

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We prove convergence of solutions to the parabolic Allen–Cahn equation to Brakke's motion by mean curvature in Riemannian manifolds with Ricci curvature bounded from below. Our results hold for a general class of initial conditions and extend previous results from [T. Ilmanen, Convergence of the Allen–Cahn equation to the Brakke's motion by mean curvature, J. Differential Geom. 31 (1993) 417–461] even in Euclidean space. We show that a sequence of measures, associated to energy density of solutions of the parabolic Allen–Cahn equation, converges in the limit to a family of rectifiable Radon measures, which evolves by mean curvature flow in the sense of Brakke. A key role is played by nonpositivity of the limiting energy discrepancy and a local almost monotonicity formula (a weak counterpart of Huisken's monotonicity formula) proved in [Allen–Cahn approximation of mean curvature flow in Riemannian manifolds, I, uniform estimates, to appear in Ann. Sc. Norm. Super. Pisa Cl. Sci.; arXiv:1308.0569], to get various density bounds for the limiting measures.
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Hamidi, Ali, Muhammad Syariful Anam, and Firdan Fadlan Sidik. "PENGEMBANGAN LITERASI KATABA UNTUK MENUNJANG PENDIDIKAN BERKUALITAS PERSPEKTIF QS. AL-‘ALAQ AYAT 1-5." Al-Madaris Jurnal Pendidikan dan Studi Keislaman 2, no. 2 (September 19, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47887/amd.v2i2.28.

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The Qur’an has a comprehensive view of the conception of education. Among the core of education is literacy. Student’s literacy skills are able to lead the nation’s generation to be literate and discover their potential. PISA research results in 2018 prove that Indonesia is ranked more than 10 and below in several assessment areas, such as reading, mathematics and science. The PISA 2018 data shows that the level of literacy in Indonesia is still low. Apart from the responsibility of the Ministry of Education and Culture (Kemdikbud) to develop educational policies, students also have a role as booster of the quality of education. Seeing the conception of literacy education from the perspective of the Qur’an, the KATABA Ma’had Al-Jami’ah became the object of research. The existence of this community acts as a support for the literacy atmosphere in the Ma’had environment which contributes to developing the world of writing and research. Through the qualitative method used in this study, the authors found that KATABA is a manifestation of the practice of the concept of literacy in Al-‘Alaq verses 1-5. The existence of literacy community among students contributes to the academic development of students. An increasing achievement index is one indicator of the success of the community in increasing the level of education in higher education.
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Freddano, Michela, and Anna Siri. ""Europa 2020" e la valutazione del sistema educativo italiano: un'analisi comparativa su OCSE PISA 2009 e le Prove INVALSI 2011/2012." RIV Rassegna Italiana di Valutazione, no. 55 (March 2014): 107–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/riv2013-055007.

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Tashtoush, Mohammad A., Yousef Wardat, Faisal Aloufi, and Osama Taani. "The effect of a training program based on TIMSS to developing the levels of habits of mind and mathematical reasoning skills among pre-service mathematics teachers." Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education 18, no. 11 (October 19, 2022): em2182. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/12557.

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This study aimed to investigate the effect of a training program based on the trends in international mathematics and science study (TIMSS) on developing the habits of mind and mathematical reasoning skills among pre-service math teachers in Oman. The study sample consisted of 24 female pre-service math teachers divided into two equal groups: experimental and control. The study data was collected by sued the mathematical reasoning test and questionnaire that measured the level of habits of mind after appropriate validity and reliability. The study results showed statistically significant differences between the two study groups in favor of the experimental group in the mathematical reasoning test and the habits of mind scale. The study recommended that the need for pre-service math teachers to use programs based on international studies such as TIMSS, PISA, PIRLS, and TAILS; this was done to prove their effectiveness in developing the levels of habits of mind and mathematical reasoning skills by subjecting them to training programs, courses, and workshops with the aim of training teachers to implement the training programs effectively.
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Hrdličková, Zuzana. "IMPROVING STUDENTS’ LANGUAGE SKILLS IN BUSINESS ENGLISH COURSE: EXPERIMENTAL STUDY." Advanced Education 8, no. 18 (June 22, 2021): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2410-8286.226493.

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It is evident from the PISA 2018 results that a trend in mean performance in reading has been declining in the Slovak Republic. The KEGA Project “Idioms in Business Communication”, run at the Department of English Language, aims at improving reading literacy, widening formal and informal vocabulary and facilitating business communication. Both traditional and modern styles of language teaching are used. The control group of students does a traditional course and the experimental group of students enrols in a “Business Communication” e-course on LMS Moodle platform, as well. With the use of the Internet and supporting materials, this group is involved in various activities. The paper compares the study results of 144 first-year and 97 second-year students of the University of Economics in Bratislava achieved in departmental standardised business English tests after completing three courses in business English for advanced students. The method of Hypothesis Testing (t-Test) assesses the significance of the difference between the levels of knowledge of both groups. The research findings prove that the experimental group of students achieved better results in final evaluation than the control group of students. The results also confirm that an alternative form of business English teaching was effective.
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Krylov, Igor B., Stanislav A. Paveliev, Mikhail A. Syroeshkin, Alexander A. Korlyukov, Pavel V. Dorovatovskii, Yan V. Zubavichus, Gennady I. Nikishin, and Alexander O. Terent’ev. "Hypervalent iodine compounds for anti-Markovnikov-type iodo-oxyimidation of vinylarenes." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 14 (August 16, 2018): 2146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.14.188.

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The iodo-oxyimidation of styrenes with the N-hydroxyimide/I2/hypervalent iodine oxidant system was proposed. Among the examined hypervalent iodine oxidants (PIDA, PIFA, IBX, DMP) PhI(OAc)2 proved to be the most effective; yields of iodo-oxyimides are 34–91%. A plausible reaction pathway includes the addition of an imide-N-oxyl radical to the double C=C bond and trapping of the resultant benzylic radical by iodine. It was shown that the iodine atom in the prepared iodo-oxyimides can be substituted by various nucleophiles.
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Popovic, Dusanka. "Functional Literacy and Text Creation." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v1i1.p95-105.

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The results of research about functional literacy (i.e. ability to read, understand and create text and understand its further use), and especially those results that 15-year-olds show in Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), as well as the importance of this competence for life and work in a modern society, indicate the need for analysis of all the segments that affect its development and improvement. Project How to help students to successfully create oral and written, artistic and non-artistic texts addresses this area in particular. The culture of oral and written expression, as productive language skills, is very interesting to research, and especially to improve. Inseparable from the receptive skills of listening and reading, they are their explicit product. A significant number of theorists and methodologists dealt with this area, but their activity was usually focused on what the teacher needed to do for the students to write well (focused on the process, method, or the result: students' written work). What is unquestionably lacking, but is in the spirit of the changes that we have introduced in our educational system, is dealing with the student as a creator of the text. The observations of methodologists of language and literature teaching prove that this factor in teacher-student-written work conjunction was least dealt with. They point out that the main characteristic of the current literature on the written expression is exaggerated orientation towards written works and neglecting of their authors (creators). The aim of the project was to investigate and recommend the best ways in which to build a functional literacy in the area of successful creation of oral and written text, i.e. to propose a more efficient teaching in the field of oral and written expression. This paper analyzes the opportunities for the development of these areas, providing current educational programs for Mother tongue language and literature in Montenegro, and presents the methodical approach The Creator's path designed as a means of support for all students when creation of text is in question.
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Lingard, Bob. "PISA: FUNDAMENTAÇÕES PARA PARTICIPAR E ACOLHIMENTO POLÍTICO." Educação & Sociedade 37, no. 136 (September 2016): 609–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/es0101-73302016166670.

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RESUMO: Levando em consideração o trabalho da Organização para a Cooperação e o Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE) na educação e o lugar transformador que o Programa Internacional de Avaliação de Alunos (Pisa) ocupa nela, o presente artigo analisa a fundamentação da OCDE para o PISA. Para tal, abordam-se as estratégias de comunicação, a educação da OCDE e as habilidades que a Diretoria utiliza para administrar a mensagem do PISA. O documento também descreve as várias fundamentações que as nações empregam para participar no PISA. Os usos que são feitos do PISA no contexto nacional envolvem mais frequentemente a externalização do que a aprendizagem política, sendo os resultados comparativos do PISA aplicados para legitimar reformas políticas geralmente desconectadas das políticas de países com melhor desempenho no teste. O artigo apresenta três casos de tal externalização, levando-se em conta as respostas dadas nos Estados Unidos, na Inglaterra e na Austrália ao excelente desempenho de Xangai, China, na prova do PISA de 2009.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Prove PISA"

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Zagra, Sara. "I risultati italiani e ticinesi nelle prove di Matematica Ocse-Pisa a confronto." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3676/.

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Perchè, nelle competenze di matematica, i risultati riportati dagli studenti della Svizzera Italiana sono migliori di quelli dell'Italia? Domanda interessante in quanto nei due Paesi confinanti si utilizza la stessa lingua e in più molti italiani, lasciano l'Italia per trasferirsi in Ticino, una realtà quindi con cui l'Italia si confronta. Vengono presi in considerazione vari aspetti per cercare di dare una risposta.
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Eltrudis, Emanuela. "Differenze regionali nelle prove Invalsi. Sperimentazione nelle scuole della città di Iglesias." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7049/.

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In questa tesi si analizza il divario territoriale degli apprendimenti in matematica emergente dalle rilevazioni e dagli studi effettuati dall'OCSE PISA e dall'INVALSI. Si propone una sperimentazione effettuata nelle scuole per approfondire eventuali aspetti didattici.
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Dimauro, Giuliana. "Il calcolo delle Probabilità: storia, didattica ed applicazioni." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.

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Nella seguente tesi viene fornita un’analisi dello sviluppo del calcolo delle probabilità. Ne primo capitolo è presente un excursus storico che ripercorre l’evoluzione di questa disciplina attraverso i secoli. Segue un capitolo dedicato alla didattica della probabilità con l’analisi di alcune indagini sulla valutazione degli studenti che vengono fatte a livello internazionale e nazionale. Inoltre, è stata condotta un’indagine locale in un Istituto Secondario Superiore. Nel terzo ed ultimo capitolo, si propone un’applicazione concreta del calcolo delle probabilità analizzando alcuni giochi d’azzardo con l’ausilio di software quali Mathematica e Matlab per mettere in luce l’iniquità di tali giochi.
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Helsing, Emma. "Läsning i PISA, nationella prov och Lgr11:s kursplan i svenska : Läsprocesskategorier i PISA-undersökningen 2009, nationella provet 2012/2013 samt kursplanen för årskurs 7-9." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-34245.

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This essays aim is to examine the different reading process categories tested in PISA's survey as well as the national test in Swedish and how it is tested. Furthermore, the aim is to compare it with the skills and knowledge regarding reading required in the syllabus and the reading process categories that are included in the knowledge requirements. Three questions have been asked: Which reading process categories are tested in PISA's reading comprehension and how are they tested? Which reading process categories are tested in the national exam in reading comprehension for grade 9 and how are they tested? What knowledge and skills regarding reading is required in the syllabus and which reading process categories are visible in the knowledge requirements for Swedish subjects in Lgr11 for years 7-9? To answer these questions, a qualitative and quantitative content analysis has been made and the theoretical point for the essay is PISA's reading framework on reading process categories. The result shows that all three reading process categories are present in both the PISA survey, the national exam and the curriculum from 2011 for the compulsory school, preschool class and the recreation center’s knowledge requirements for the subject Swedish. The analysis also reveals that there are some similarities and differences between the PISA survey of 2009 and the national exam from 2012/2013. Such a similarity is that "integrate and interpret" is the reading process category that gets the largest space in both the PISA survey and the national test. Regarding the syllabus "reflect and evaluate" is the most appearing reading process category.
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Åberg, Julia. "Matematiska symboler och matematikuppgifters svårighetsgrad." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-51571.

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Syftet med denna studie är att fördjupa förståelsen för eventuella samband mellan förekomst av matematiska symboler och matematikuppgifters svårighetsgrad. I studien har matematikuppgifter från PISA 2003 och Nationella prov i matematik A, B och C på gymnasiet analyserats utifrån vilka typer av matematiska symboler de innehåller. Resultatet av denna analys har sedan med hjälp av statistisk korrelationsanalys jämförts med uppgifternas lösningsfrekvenser samt hur höga krav på läsförmåga uppgiften ställer. Studiens resultat visar att sambanden mellan förekomst av olika symboltyper och dess lösningsfrekvenser är för svaga för att någon definitiv slutsats ska kunna dras. Korrelationsanalysen visar dock att ett något starkare samband finns mellan förekomsten av bokstavssymboler i matematikuppgifter och låga lösningsfrekvenser än för någon av de andra symboltyperna. När förekomsten av olika symboltyper jämförs med hur höga krav uppgiften ställer på läsförmåga finns det inget som tyder på att förekomsten av olika symboltyper har något samband med hur höga krav på läsförmåga en uppgift ställer.
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Höh, Marc von der. "Erinnerungskultur und frühe Kommune : Formen und Funktionen des Umgangs mit der Vergangenheit im hochmittelalterlichen Pisa (1050 - 1150) /." Berlin : Akad.-Verl, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2845738&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Höh, Marc von der. "Erinnerungskultur und frühe Kommune : Formen und Funktionen des Umgangs mit der Vergangenheit im hochmittelalterlichen Pisa (1050-1150) /." Berlin : Akad.-Verl, 2003. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2845738&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Boström, Axel, and Martin Pettersson. "Läsförståelse och läsarter i två centrala kunskapsmätningar : –En forskningsöversikt över svenska elevers resultat i de nationella provens och PISA-undersökningarnas läsförståelsedelar." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-159913.

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Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka vad forskningen säger om vilken slags läsning som testas i de nationella proven och PISA, svenska elevers resultatutveckling i PISA över tid, samt att redogöra för undervisningsmetoder för läsförståelse. Resultaten visar att de läsarter som prövas i de bägge proven är relativt lika, men att vissa läsarter får olika stort utrymme i de olika proven. Svenska elevers läsförståelse utifrån PISA visar sig ha försämrats över tid. Gällande undervisningsmetoderna redogörs det för två olika metoder där störst fokus har lagts på litteratursamtalet.
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Vignoli, Alessandro. "Test di veicoli con prove di omologazione sul banco a rulli e su pista e analisi dei sistemi RDE." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23541/.

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L'elaborato tratta, inizialmente, le differenze tra i test che si svolgevano nel passato e quelli attuali e il procedimento seguito per lo svolgimento delle prove, prendendo come esempio le modalità di esecuzione di Mercedes-Benz nel laboratorio di Stoccarda su una GLE. In seguito viene analizzata più nel dettaglio l’unità PEMS, che rappresenta una nuova tecnologia in grado di misurare le emissioni inquinanti svolgendo una prova direttamente su strada. Lo studio dei crash test viene svolto mettendo in luce come si quantifica la severità di un incidente; gli incidenti stradali costituiscono la seconda causa di morte nella fascia d’età compresa tra i 15 e i 29 anni e, quindi, ho ritenuto importante approfondire come le case automobilistiche debbano adoperarsi per rendere i propri veicoli più sicuri possibile. Sono prese in considerazione le caratteristiche dei manichini utilizzati ed i sensori montati su di essi e vengono mostrate le prove effettuate dall’ente europeo Euro NCAP e le valutazioni che ne derivano. Infine, ho spiegato come le aziende produttrici di auto debbano testarle accuratamente su svariati tipi di circuiti e con differenti prove specifiche per analizzare ogni possibile aspetto ed essere in grado di acquisire più dati significativi possibile: si passa, quindi, da zone ad alta velocità a zone più lente, passando per tratti in fuoristrada o con strade dissestate, per giungere ad altri in salita con pendenze rilevanti, fino a strade cittadine con dossi e buche, il tutto per fornire al cliente un prodotto sicuro ed efficiente.
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Walter, Oliver. "Kompetenzmessung in den PISA-Studien Simulationen zur Schätzung von Verteilungsparametern und Reliabilitäten." Lengerich Berlin Bremen Miami Riga Viernhein Wien Zagreb Pabst Science Publ, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2687246&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Books on the topic "Prove PISA"

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Smiješak Padra Pija: Roman. Zagreb: Hena com, 2017.

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Ugniewska, Joanna. Podróżować, pisać: O literaturze podróżniczej i współczesnych pisarzach włoskich. Warszawa: Fundacja "Zeszytów Literackich", 2011.

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na-Monachou, Myrto Drago. Philosophia kai anthro pina dikaio mata: E philosophike proistoria, e pro toistoria kai e istoria tes ennoias to n dikaio mato n tou anthro pou kai e synchrone provle matike . Athe na: Papaze se, 1986.

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Christine. Christine de Pizan's Letter of Othea to Hector. Newburyport, MA: Focus Information Group, 1997.

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Christine. L' épistre d'Othéa. 2nd ed. München: H. Lengenfelder, 1996.

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Christine. Epistre Othea. Genève: Droz, 1999.

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Christine. Christine de Pizan's Letter of Othea to Hector. Newburyport, MA: Focus Information Group, 1990.

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Christine. Epistre Othea. Genève: Droz, 1999.

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Ayer, Jean-Philippe. PIJA 2014 LA PROSE. HEBE, 2014.

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Plit, Florian, and Maciej Jędrusik. Jak pisać prace licencjackie i magisterskie z geografii? Poradnik bardzo praktyczny. University of Warsaw Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323554998.

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A practical guide to writing geography BA and MA theses, prepared by outstanding authors, which contains general guidelines on scientific works from various disciplines as well as detailed advice on the research field of the authors: socio-economic geography and the earth and environmental sciences. The book, written in clear and accessible language and humorous tone, will certainly prove to be useful in preparing and editing other geographical academic texts as well as theses in the geography related subjects, such as tourism, spatial economics, environmentalism and urban studies.
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Book chapters on the topic "Prove PISA"

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Monina, Cecilia. "La «carta delle pianure». Una mappatura della letteratura emiliana a partire dai luoghi e dai racconti di Gianni Celati." In Studi e ricerche del Dipartimento di Lettere e Filosofia, 207–21. Firenze: Società Editrice Fiorentina, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35948/dilef/978-88-6032-688-1.12.

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Gli «alfabeti visivi» di Luigi Ghirri e le prose di Gianni Celati hanno contribuito a far entrare l’Emilia nell’immaginario letterario, aprendo una pista per gli autori delle generazioni successive. Si cercherà qui di tracciare un itinerario geo-letterario partire dalla «carta delle pianure» celatiana, arrivando a ricostruire una mappa della letteratura emiliana, definendone forme e temi.
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Stallard, Sara. "Hole in House Real Pish (An OJ & PJ Story)." In Deaf American Prose, 1980–2010, 217–19. Gallaudet University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2rcngb8.37.

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Briscoe, J. "The Language and Style of the Fragmentary Republican Historians." In Aspects of the Language of Latin Prose. British Academy, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263327.003.0003.

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This chapter starts by describing the nature of the evidence of the language and style of the fragmentary republican historians. It also refers to a number of usages which are absent, or virtually absent, from Cicero and Caesar: some of these are found in Latin – primarily, of course, in poetry – of a time before that of the historian concerned, while others occur for the first time in the author in question. The chapter specifically discusses archaisms and neologisms. It also reports the successors of Cato I. The verbatim fragments of L. Cassius Hemina, Q. Fabius Maximus Servilianus, L. Calpurnius Piso, C. Fannius and Cn. Gellius, L. Coelius Antipater, Sempronius Asellio, Q. Claudius Quadrigarius, Valerius Antias, L. Cornelius Sisenna, and C. Licinius Macer are then explored. The surviving longer fragments, with a few exceptions, exhibit a simple sentence structure, with a minimum of subordination.
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Bidi, Noria, and Zakaria Elberrichi. "Best Features Selection for Biomedical Data Classification Using Seven Spot Ladybird Optimization Algorithm." In Cognitive Analytics, 407–21. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2460-2.ch021.

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This article presents a new adaptive algorithm called FS-SLOA (Feature Selection-Seven Spot Ladybird Optimization Algorithm) which is a meta-heuristic feature selection method based on the foraging behavior of a seven spot ladybird. The new efficient technique has been applied to find the best subset features, which achieves the highest accuracy in classification using three classifiers: the Naive Bayes (NB), the Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and the Support Vector Machine (SVM). The authors' proposed approach has been experimented on four well-known benchmark datasets (Wisconsin Breast cancer, Pima Diabetes, Mammographic Mass, and Dermatology datasets) taken from the UCI machine learning repository. Experimental results prove that the classification accuracy of FS-SLOA is the best performing for different datasets.
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Litz, David R., Shaljan Areepattamannil, and Scott H. Parkman. "Relationships Between Out-of-School-Time Lessons and Academic Performance Among Adolescents in Four High-Performing Education Systems." In Applying Data Science and Learning Analytics Throughout a Learner’s Lifespan, 27–55. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9644-9.ch002.

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Research into the effects of out-of-school-time mathematics and science lessons on academic performance has thus far proved inconclusive. The relationship between the two requires investigation to elucidate the benefits of these lessons or lack thereof. Using data from the 2009 Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), this study examined the relationship between out-of-school-time mathematics and science lessons and academic performance among 15-year-olds in Hong Kong, China; Korea; Shanghai, China; and Singapore. In light of different cultural contexts, educational standards, and societal norms, and after accounting for gender and family socioeconomic status, which takes into consideration parents' occupational status, years of education, and home possessions, regression analyses revealed inconsistent results across these countries. The study concludes with the implications of the findings and scope for future research, underscoring the need for further investigation that addresses educational disparities in Asia and globally.
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Gilbert, Jane, Simon Gaunt, and William Burgwinkle. "Francophone Literary Culture on the Move." In Medieval French Literary Culture Abroad, 58–83. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832454.003.0003.

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This chapter connects northern Italy with networked vectors of transmission encompassing the Low Countries, Britain, France, and the eastern Mediterranean: Arthurian prose romance is a vehicle for, and an instrument of, a pan-European chivalric vision of the past, present, and future. This Christianizing interest in figures like Tristan and Guiron le Courtois connects Italy with the Low Countries and the eastern Mediterranean in particular. A key feature of the transmission of this material, and one that grows in importance by the fourteenth century, is compilation. The famous Arthurian compilation (c. 1270) of Rusticiaus de Pise gathers episodes from different romance traditions. Guiron le Courtois circulates in ever-expanding compilations between the Low Countries and Northern Italy.
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REIS DA SILVA, FABIANO, and JACKSON COSTA PINHEIRO. "AR3D ARTHROPODA UM APLICATIVO DE REALIDADE AUMENTADA PARA ENSINO DE ARTRÓPODES." In Itinerários de resistência: pluralidade e laicidade no Ensino de Ciências e Biologia. Editora Realize, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46943/viii.enebio.2021.01.100.

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O AR3D ? UM APLICATIVO (APP) DE REALIDADE AUMENTADA (RA), GRATUITO, E FOI PRODUZIDO COMO UM DOS REQUISITOS DE APROVA??O PARA OBTEN??O DO GRAU DE MESTRE EM ENSINO DE BIOLOGIA (PROFBIO/UFPA). ELE FOI ESTRUTURADO PARA DISPOSITIVOS M?VEIS COM SISTEMA OPERACIONAL ANDROID E TRAZ UMA NOVA FORMA DE OBSERVAR OS ARTR?PODES NO AMBIENTE ESCOLAR. O APP COMBINA ELEMENTOS VIRTUAIS EM 3D DE ANIMAIS COM O AMBIENTE REAL, POSSIBILITANDO UMA INTERATIVIDADE DO USU?RIO COM AS IMAGENS PROJETADAS NA TELA DO DISPOSITIVO. ESSE APP CONTA COM UM MANUAL DE INSTRU??ES, ONDE APRESENTA INFORMA??ES B?SICAS, COMO POR EXEMPLO, OS REQUISITOS M?NIMOS DO DISPOSITIVO M?VEL, C?DIGO QR USADO PARA OBTER O GUIA DE INSTALA??O E USO DO APP. NO MANUAL TAMB?M EXISTEM OS MARCADORES PARA A REPLICA??O (PROJE??ES, IMPRESS?ES OU C?PIAS). S?O UM TOTAL DE 60 (SESSENTA), REPRESENTANDO CADA UM UMA ESP?CIE DE ARTR?PODE.
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Conference papers on the topic "Prove PISA"

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Kvizda, Boris, Alessandro Petruzzi, and Francesco S. D’Auria. "Qualification and Uncertainty Evaluation of a Best Estimate Loca Study of the Mochovce NPP by RELAP5/3.2-Gamma and CIAU." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89203.

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The paper describes the work that has been done in cooperation between VUJE, Inc. (Slovakia) and University of Pisa (UNIPI, Italy). The aim was to evaluate Best Estimate Plus Uncertainty calculation (BEPU) of Mochovce Nuclear Power Plant WWER-440/213 (NPP) for the selected LOCA scenario utilizing the Code with the capability of Internal Assessment of Uncertainty (CIAU) developed at UNIPI. At the basis of CIAU, there is the Uncertainty Method based on Accuracy Extrapolation (UMAE) previously proposed by UNIPI. The project was considered as a full pilot BEPU application for WWER-440 type of unit in VUJE, Inc. that can be taken as a basis for utilization in licensing process later on. Project objectives are as follows: • To prove capability of available Mochovce NPP nodalization for RELAP5/3.2.2 gama to predict meaningful results for LOCA type accidents following UMAE procedure [1]. • To apply the CIAU [2, 3] to a LOCA transient selected for the Mochovce NPP and produce uncertainty bands for selected relevant parameters.
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Kash, J. A., J. C. Tsang, D. R. Knebel, and D. P. Vallett. "Non-Invasive Backside Failure Analysis of Integrated Circuits by Time-Dependent Light Emission: Picosecond Imaging Circuit Analysis." In ISTFA 1998. ASM International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa1998p0483.

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Abstract A noninvasive backside probe of integrated circuits has been developed. This new probe can diagnose at-speed failures, stuck faults, and other defects. Because it is a highly parallel imaging technique, faults may be isolated which are difficult to locate by other methods. This optical technique has been named “PICA”, for picosecond imaging circuit analysis. PICA relies on the fact that an FET in a CMOS circuit emits a picosecond pulse of light each time the logic gate changes state. The source of this emission is explained. The PICA technique, which combines optical imaging of the emission with picosecond time-resolution, is described. Because of the imaging, time-resolved emission data is acquired for many transistors in parallel. The use of the emission for failure analysis and AC characterization of integrated circuits is demonstrated. Because the emission can be detected from either the front or back side of the chip, it can be used for both front and back side analysis.
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Kane, T. L., K. L. DeVries, M. T. Tenney, and A. K. Patel. "Characterization and Fault Identification of Copper BEOL sub-0.25μm Six Level Metal Microprocessor Designs." In ISTFA 1999. ASM International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa1999p0335.

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Abstract Characterizing and fault localizing sub 0.25μm six level copper BEOL microprocessor RISC designs operating above 450 MHz clock speeds pose significant challenges in functional defect localization and identification. The flip chip designs of these microprocessors with high numbers of I/O outputs can involve backside and frontside fault localization techniques such as emission microscopy, OBIC (Optical Beam Induced Current) using I.R. laser scanning microscopy, LIVA (Light Induced Voltage Alteration) [1,2], and PICA (Picosecond Imaging Circuit Analysis)[3,4], to identify the source of functional failures. Refined backside thinning techniques have been applied to optimize I.R. laser scanning microscopy and PICA localization of functional failures. In addition, products using highly structured test methods such as LSSD(Level Sensitive Scan Design) lend themselves to a highly software diagnosable category [5,6]. Such software diagnostics (LSSD diagnostics) when combined with image based fault localization has proven highly effective in pinpointing defects causing functional failures. Examples of electrical and physical characterization of functional logic failures in the six levels electroplated copper BEOL microprocessors will be described. In addition, the electrical characterization of submicron sized SRAM transistor devices using FIB (Focused Ion Beam Microscopy)deposited probe pads [7] will be detailed along with SEM and TEM micrographs of defects identified in this manner.
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Chen, PengXu, and JianXin Li. "A novel microstrip patch PIFA antenna fed by stripline L-Probe." In 2021 International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (ICMMT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmmt52847.2021.9618404.

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Moles, Michael. "Defect Sizing in Pipeline Welds: What Can We Really Achieve?" In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2811.

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Pipelines are now using Fitness-For-Service (FFS) for accept/reject of weld defects. FFS requires accurate measurement of defect height for Fracture Mechanics assessments. The standard pipeline weld inspection technique of radiography is incapable of such measurements. However, the newer technique of ultrasonics can measure defect height, in principle. Initially ultrasonic amplitude methods were used for height measurement, but these proved unreliable. Now diffraction methods, especially Time-Of-Flight-Diffraction (TOFD), are being used in conjunction. This paper reviews previous work — mainly large nuclear studies like PISC II — and published pipeline sizing studies. The best nuclear sizing was within a few millimetres, using diffraction. In contrast to nuclear, pipeline AUT uses zone discrimination, focused transducers, much thinner material and simpler analysis techniques. Current accuracies are typically ± 1 mm (terminology undefined), which correlates with the beam spot size and typical weld pass. Requests for accuracies of ± 0.3 mm are probably unachievable, though future R&D should significantly improve pipeline sizing.
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Hu, Chen. "Hydraulic Investigations on Free Surface Flow of ADS Windowless Target." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67232.

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The formation and control of free surface flow is one of the most essential parts in the studies of windowless target in acceleration driven sub-critical system (ADS). Water model experiments and 360° full scale three dimensional simulations are conducted in this page. The free surface motion is significantly affected by the inlet flow velocity and outlet pressure. The length of free surface decrease in the second order with the inlet flow velocity, while it decreases linearly with the outlet pressure. The structure and feature of flow field are investigated. The results show that the free surface is vulnerable to the vortex movement. Transient simulations are performed with volume of fluid (VOF) method, large eddy simulation (LES) and the pressure implicit with splitting of operators (PISO) algorithm. The simulation results agree qualitatively well with the experimental data related to both free surface flow and flow field. These simulation models and methods are proved to be practicable in the hydraulic simulations of liquid heavy metal target.
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Marks, Howard Lee, Tung Ton, Jeffrey A. Block, Steven Kasapi, and Chris Shaw. "PC Card Based Optical Probing of Advanced Graphics Processor Using Time Resolved Emission." In ISTFA 2003. ASM International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2003p0036.

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Abstract Internal node timing probing of silicon integrated circuits (ICs) has been a mainstay of the microelectronics industry since very early in its history. In recent years, however, due in part to the increase in the number of interconnection layers and continued proliferation of packaging techniques exposing only the silicon substrate, conventional probing technologies such as e-beam and mechanical probing have become cumbersome or impractical. In an effort to continue transistor-level probing, backside optical probing technologies have been developed and adopted [1]. Chronologically, such techniques include picosecond image circuit analysis (PICA)[2], laser voltage probing (LVP)[3], and dynamic or time-resolved emission (TRE)[4]. In typical examples of backside probing the device under test (DUT) relies on device stimulation from automatic test equipment (ATE) or equivalent bench top setup. This generally requires a specially designed DUT card designed to accommodate a low-profile socket and lid. The DUT card, which is significantly smaller than the tester motherboard, is designed to fit within the chamber opening of the probe system in order to interact with the optical column. Tester stimulation of packaged parts, however, does not address the need to probe the DUT in-situ and in the intended application, such as a PC board. It is often desirable to probe the DUT under conditions typical of the final product or running standardized application based tests. We present here this application and have addressed some of the challenges associated with PC card based optical probing and show successfully performed time-resolved emission on a second-generation advanced graphics processor in a standard graphics card.
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Sigrist, Jean-Franc¸ois, and Driss Abouri. "Numerical Simulation of a Non-Linear Coupled Fluid-Structure Problem With Implicit and Explicit Coupling Procedures." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93107.

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The present paper deals with the numerical simulation of a non-linear coupled fluid-structure problem with finite element/finite volume coupled technique and mainly focus on the time coupling algorithm: the coupling procedure lies on a staggered explicit or implicit strategy. A simple coupled case is studied; namely a non-linear elastic beam coupled with an incompressible fluid with free surface effects. The structure problem is solved with a finite element approach. The nonlinear discrete structure problem is integrated in time with the non-linear Newmark scheme with a fixed-point procedure. The fluid problem is solved with a finite volume approach. The non-linear discrete fluid problem is solved with the PISO (Pressure Implicit by Splitting Operator) algorithm. The coupled problem is solved with two different approaches. At first, an explicit approach is proposed, based on a step by step alternate integration of the structure and fluid non-linear problems. As expected the method is found to be numerically dissipative and potentially unstable. An implicit approach is then proposed, using inner coupling iterations. The proposed algorithm is proved to be stable and less dissipative. Implicit and explicit approaches are presented. Numerical calculations are performed on the elementary studied case. Results are presented and compared for the two time-integration procedures, highlighting the numerical qualities of each procedure in terms of numerical damping, stability and precision.
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Jalili, Nader, Mohsen Dadfarnia, and Darren M. Dawson. "Distributed-Parameters Base Modeling and Vibration Analysis of Micro-Cantilevers Used in Atomic Force Microscopy." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/vib-48502.

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The atomic force microscope (AFM) system has evolved into a useful tool for direct measurements of intermolecular forces with atomic-resolution characterization that can be employed in a broad spectrum of applications such as electronics, semi-conductors, materials, manufacturing, polymers, biological analysis, and biomaterials. The noncontact AFM offers unique advantages over other contemporary scanning probe techniques such as contact AFM and scanning tunneling microscopy. Current AFM imaging techniques are often based on a lumped-parameters model and ordinary differential equation (ODE) representation of the micro-cantilevers coupled with an ad-hoc method for atomic interaction force estimation (especially in non-contact mode). Since the magnitude of the interaction force lies within the range of nano-Newtons to pica-Newtons, precise estimation of the atomic force is crucial for accurate topographical imaging. In contrast to the previously utilized lumped modeling methods, this paper aims at improving current AFM measurement technique through developing a general distributed-parameters base modeling approach that reveals greater insight into the fundamental characteristics of the microcantilever-sample interaction. For this, the governing equations of motion are derived in the global coordinates via the Hamilton’s Extended Principle. By properly selecting a set of general coordinates, the resulting non-homogenous boundary value problem is then converted to a homogenous one, and hence, analytically solvable. The AFM controller can then be designed based on the original infinite dimensional distributed-parameters system which, in turn, removes some of the disadvantages associated with the truncated-model base controllers such as control spillovers, residual oscillations and increased order of the control. Numerical simulations are provided to support these claims.
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Jiang, Weijian, Zhilin Wang, Ran He, Xianzhou Wang, and Dakui Feng. "Numerical Simulation of Submarine Surfacing With Six Degrees of Freedom in Regular Waves." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-55018.

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Submarine surfacing in waves is three dimensional unsteady motion and includes complex coupling between force and motion. This paper uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to solve RANS equation with coupled six degrees of freedom solid body motion equations. RANS equations are solved by finite difference method and PISO arithmetic. Level-set method is used to simulate the free surface. Computations were performed for the standard DARPA SUBOFF model. The structured dynamic overset grid is applied to the numerical simulation of submarine surfacing (no forward speed) in regular waves and computation cases include surfacing in the calm water, transverse regular waves with different ratio of wave height and submarine length (h/L = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04) and transverse regular waves with different ratio of wave length and submarine length (λ/L = 0.5, 1, 1.5). The asymmetric vortices in the process of submarine surfacing can be captured. It proves that roll instability is caused by the destabilizing hydrodynamic rolling moment overcoming the static righting moment both under the water and in regular waves. Relations among maximum roll angle, surfacing velocity fluctuation and wave parameters are concluded by comparison with variation trend of submarine motion attitude and velocity of surfacing in different wave conditions. Simulation results confirm that wave height h/L = 0.04 and wave length λ/L = 1.5 lead to surfacing velocity fluctuation significantly. Maximum roll angle increases with the increase of wave height and wave length. Especially the law presents approximate linear relationship. Maximum roll angle with wave height (h/L = 0.04) can reach to 7.29° while maximum roll angle with wave length (λ/L = 1.5) can reach to 5.79° by contrast with 0.85° in calm water. According to the above conclusions, maneuverability can be guided in the process of submarine surfacing in waves in order to avoid potential safety hazard.
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Reports on the topic "Prove PISA"

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Mazorchuk, Mariia S., Tetyana S. Vakulenko, Anna O. Bychko, Olena H. Kuzminska, and Oleksandr V. Prokhorov. Cloud technologies and learning analytics: web application for PISA results analysis and visualization. [б. в.], June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4451.

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This article analyzes the ways to apply Learning Analytics, Cloud Technologies, and Big Data in the field of education on the international level. This paper provides examples of international analytical researches and cloud technologies used to process the results of those researches. It considers the PISA research methodology and related tools, including the IDB Analyzer application, free R intsvy environment for processing statistical data, and cloud-based web application PISA Data Explorer. The paper justifies the necessity of creating a stand-alone web application that supports Ukrainian localization and provides Ukrainian researchers with rapid access to well-structured PISA data. In particular, such an application should provide for data across the factorial features and indicators applied at the country level and demonstrate the Ukrainian indicators compared to the other countries’ results. This paper includes a description of the application core functionalities, architecture, and technologies used for development. The proposed solution leverages the shiny package available with R environment that allows implementing both the UI and server sides of the application. The technical implementation is a proven solution that allows for simplifying the access to PISA data for Ukrainian researchers and helping them utilize the calculation results on the key features without having to apply tools for processing statistical data.
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Bilous, Vladyslav V., Volodymyr V. Proshkin, and Oksana S. Lytvyn. Development of AR-applications as a promising area of research for students. [б. в.], November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4409.

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The article substantiates the importance of using augmented reality in the educational process, in particular, in the study of natural and mathematical disciplines. The essence of AR (augmented reality), characteristics of AR hardware and software, directions and advantages of using AR in the educational process are outlined. It has proven that AR is a unique tool that allows educators to teach the new digital generation in a readable, comprehensible, memorable and memorable format, which is the basis for developing a strong interest in learning. Presented the results of the international study on the quality of education PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) which stimulated the development of the problem of using AR in mathematics teaching. Within the limits of realization of research work of students of the Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University the AR-application on mathematics is developed. To create it used tools: Android Studio, SDK, ARCore, QR Generator, Math pattern. A number of markers of mathematical objects have been developed that correspond to the school mathematics course (topic: “Polyhedra and Functions, their properties and graphs”). The developed AR tools were introduced into the process of teaching students of the specialty “Mathematics”. Prospects of research in development of a technique of training of separate mathematics themes with use of AR have been defined.
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Fait, Aaron, Grant Cramer, and Avichai Perl. Towards improved grape nutrition and defense: The regulation of stilbene metabolism under drought. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594398.bard.

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The goals of the present research proposal were to elucidate the physiological and molecular basis of the regulation of stilbene metabolism in grape, against the background of (i) grape metabolic network behavior in response to drought and of (ii) varietal diversity. The specific objectives included the study of the physiology of the response of different grape cultivars to continuous WD; the characterization of the differences and commonalities of gene network topology associated with WD in berry skin across varieties; the study of the metabolic response of developing berries to continuous WD with specific attention to the stilbene compounds; the integration analysis of the omics data generated; the study of isolated drought-associated stress factors on the regulation of stilbene biosynthesis in plantaand in vitro. Background to the topic Grape quality has a complex relationship with water input. Regulated water deficit (WD) is known to improve wine grapes by reducing the vine growth (without affecting fruit yield) and boosting sugar content (Keller et al. 2008). On the other hand, irregular rainfall during the summer can lead to drought-associated damage of fruit developmental process and alter fruit metabolism (Downey et al., 2006; Tarara et al., 2008; Chalmers et al., 792). In areas undergoing desertification, WD is associated with high temperatures. This WD/high temperature synergism can limit the areas of grape cultivation and can damage yields and fruit quality. Grapes and wine are the major source of stilbenes in human nutrition, and multiple stilbene-derived compounds, including isomers, polymers and glycosylated forms, have also been characterized in grapes (Jeandet et al., 2002; Halls and Yu, 2008). Heterologous expression of stilbenesynthase (STS) in a variety of plants has led to an enhanced resistance to pathogens, but in others the association has not been proven (Kobayashi et al., 2000; Soleas et al., 1995). Tomato transgenic plants harboring a grape STS had increased levels of resveratrol, ascorbate, and glutathione at the expense of the anthocyanin pathways (Giovinazzo et al. 2005), further emphasizing the intermingled relation among secondary metabolic pathways. Stilbenes are are induced in green and fleshy parts of the berries by biotic and abiotic elicitors (Chong et al., 2009). As is the case for other classes of secondary metabolites, the biosynthesis of stilbenes is not very well understood, but it is known to be under tight spatial and temporal control, which limits the availability of these compounds from plant sources. Only very few studies have attempted to analyze the effects of different environmental components on stilbene accumulation (Jeandet et al., 1995; Martinez-Ortega et al., 2000). Targeted analyses have generally shown higher levels of resveratrol in the grape skin (induced), in seeded varieties, in varieties of wine grapes, and in dark-skinned varieties (Gatto et al., 2008; summarized by Bavaresco et al., 2009). Yet, the effect of the grape variety and the rootstock on stilbene metabolism has not yet been thoroughly investigated (Bavaresco et al., 2009). The study identified a link between vine hydraulic behavior and physiology of stress with the leaf metabolism, which the PIs believe can eventually lead to the modifications identified in the developing berries that interested the polyphenol metabolism and its regulation during development and under stress. Implications are discussed below.
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Epel, Bernard, and Roger Beachy. Mechanisms of intra- and intercellular targeting and movement of tobacco mosaic virus. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7695874.bard.

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To cause disease, plant viruses must replicate and spread locally and systemically within the host. Cell-to-cell virus spread is mediated by virus-encoded movement proteins (MPs), which modify the structure and function of plasmodesmata (Pd), trans-wall co-axial membranous tunnels that interconnect the cytoplasm of neighboring cells. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) employ a single MP for cell- cell spread and for which CP is not required. The PIs, Beachy (USA) and Epel (Israel) and co-workers, developed new tools and approaches for study of the mechanism of spread of TMV that lead to a partial identification and molecular characterization of the cellular machinery involved in the trafficking process. Original research objectives: Based on our data and those of others, we proposed a working model of plant viral spread. Our model stated that MPᵀᴹⱽ, an integral ER membrane protein with its C-terminus exposed to the cytoplasm (Reichel and Beachy, 1998), alters the Pd SEL, causes the Pd cytoplasmic annulus to dilate (Wolf et al., 1989), allowing ER to glide through Pd and that this gliding is cytoskeleton mediated. The model claimed that in absence of MP, the ER in Pd (the desmotubule) is stationary, i.e. does not move through the Pd. Based on this model we designed a series of experiments to test the following questions: -Does MP potentiate ER movement through the Pd? - In the presence of MP, is there communication between adjacent cells via ER lumen? -Does MP potentiate the movement of cytoskeletal elements cell to cell? -Is MP required for cell-to-cell movement of ER membranes between cells in sink tissue? -Is the binding in situ of MP to RNA specific to vRNA sequences or is it nonspecific as measured in vitro? And if specific: -What sequences of RNA are involved in binding to MP? And finally, what host proteins are associated with MP during intracellular targeting to various subcellular targets and what if any post-translational modifications occur to MP, other than phosphorylation (Kawakami et al., 1999)? Major conclusions, solutions and achievements. A new quantitative tool was developed to measure the "coefficient of conductivity" of Pd to cytoplasmic soluble proteins. Employing this tool, we measured changes in Pd conductivity in epidermal cells of sink and source leaves of wild-type and transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana) plants expressing MPᵀᴹⱽ incubated both in dark and light and at 16 and 25 ᵒC (Liarzi and Epel, 2005 (appendix 1). To test our model we measured the effect of the presence of MP on cell-to-cell spread of a cytoplasmic fluorescent probe, of two ER intrinsic membrane protein-probes and two ER lumen protein-probes fused to GFP. The effect of a mutant virus that is incapable of cell-to-cell spread on the spread of these probes was also determined. Our data shows that MP reduces SEL for cytoplasmic molecules, dilates the desmotubule allowing cell-cell diffusion of proteins via the desmotubule lumen and reduces the rate of spread of the ER membrane probes. Replicase was shown to enhance cell-cell spread. The data are not in support of the proposed model and have led us to propose a new model for virus cell-cell spread: this model proposes that MP, an integral ER membrane protein, forms a MP:vRNAER complex and that this ER-membrane complex diffuses in the lipid milieu of the ER into the desmotubule (the ER within the Pd), and spreads cell to cell by simple diffusion in the ER/desmotubule membrane; the driving force for spread is the chemical potential gradient between an infected cell and contingent non-infected neighbors. Our data also suggests that the virus replicase has a function in altering the Pd conductivity. Transgenic plant lines that express the MP gene of the Cg tobamovirus fused to YFP under the control the ecdysone receptor and methoxyfenocide ligand were generated by the Beachy group and the expression pattern and the timing and targeting patterns were determined. A vector expressing this MPs was also developed for use by the Epel lab . The transgenic lines are being used to identify and isolate host genes that are required for cell-to-cell movement of TMV/tobamoviruses. This line is now being grown and to be employed in proteomic studies which will commence November 2005. T-DNA insertion mutagenesis is being developed to identify and isolate host genes required for cell-to-cell movement of TMV.
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