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Ye, Terrance Z., and K. J. S. Jayawickrama. "Geographic Variation and Local Growth Superiority for Coastal Douglas-fir – Rotation-age Growth Performance in a Douglas-fir Provenance Test." Silvae Genetica 63, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2014): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2014-0016.
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Abstract Rotation-age growth performance of 16 provenances and local growth superiority were assessed from a rotation- age reciprocal coastal Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] provenance test established in the Pacific Northwest of America. Provenance differences for total volume per plot were highly significant. Due to the significant provenance × site interaction effect, the best provenances varied across planting sites in terms of rotation-age volume growth. Local provenance trees exhibited superior volume growth at two of the six planting sites. At the remaining four sites, local provenances performed equally well as average non-local provenances. At the three low-elevation (< 460 m) sites, low-elevation provenances performed significantly better than high-elevation provenances. By contrast, high- and low-elevation provenances had similar growth at the two high-elevation (> 800 m) sites. Southern provenances generally grew faster than northern provenances at the Oregon sites, while northern provenances performed better than southern provenances at the sites in British Columbia. Regression analyses showed that although local growth superiority increased with the geographic distance between provenance’s origin and the test site in general (r=0.47, P<0.001), it only became obvious when the geographic distance is larger than 435 km in latitude or 370 m in elevation. Significant spatial autocorrelation was found via Mantel test, and geographically or climatically closely located provenances tended to have similar rotation-age volume growth. The results suggested that breeding zones larger than the current second-cycle zones would lead to little loss of rotation-age total volume for coastal Douglas-fir in this region.
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Restu, Muhammad, and Mohammad Naiem. "Genetic Variability of Five Provenances of Eboni." Jurnal Natur Indonesia 10, no. 1 (May 4, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jnat.10.1.1-5.
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A research was conducted to determine genetic variability and structure of ebony either within provenances or within trees in the same provenance using isozyme analyses. Results of this study are expected to show genetic variability of ebony with different provenances. For the purpose of the study, five provenances of ebony (Maros,Barru, Sidrap, Malili, and Mamuju) were prepared. The isozyme analysis using electrophoresis was applied to determine the genetic variability. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using multivariate and dendrogram analyses with Numerical Taxonomy System (NTSYS) Program applying unwighted pairgroup method and arrithmetic average (UPGMA) approach. Results showed that the variability of genetic provenances of ebony were less than any other tree species. Among the existing provenances, Barru dan Mamuju showed higher genetic variability compared to other provenances. Ebony provenance was generally found to homozygously increase or to performinbreeding. The genetic variability of ebony was mostly derived from the variability in population (95.4%). Grouping individual trees based on their provenances indicated that Malili provenance showed closed relationship to Maros provenance, whilst Mamuju provenance showed closed relationship to Barru and Sidrap provenances.
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Bogunović, Sanja, Saša Bogdan, Miran Lanšćak, Nevenka Ćelepirović, and Mladen Ivanković. "Use of a Common Garden Experiment in Selecting Adapted Beech Provenances for Artificial Stand Restoration." South-east European forestry 11, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15177/seefor.20-07.
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Increased frequency of extreme weather events has seriously affected forestry operations in south-eastern Europe. A precondition for effective artificial restoration of disturbed forest stands is site-adapted forest reproductive material (FRM). Common garden experiments (provenance trials) may assist in selecting such FRM. The main objective of this study was to establish among-provenance variation pattern using data from a beech provenance trial. Usefulness of the results in selecting seed sources for restoration of European beech stands is discussed. The trial was set up in 2007, at a slope of Medvednica mount facing north-west at 730-750 m above sea level. Plant heights were measured and survival scored in 2008 and 2015. Height increments were calculated and processed to determine variance components due to various effects. Highly significant provenance-by-block interaction was revealed, indicating strong microsite effects on provenance performances. Therefore, corrections were made and provenance mean height increments recalculated. Provenance mean height increment multiplied with survival was used as a measure of a provenance’s adaptedness. Regression tree (RT) analysis was used to determine the pattern of among-provenance variations. A set of provenance clusters was grown using climatic variables related to the provenance stands of origin as criteria. All analyzed effects were significant (provenance: F=2.07, p<0.05; block: F=5.07, p<0.05; provenance by block interaction: F=7.32, p<0.001). Data corrections reduced the interaction effect, thereby increasing reliability of calculated provenance adaptedness indices (AI). Provenances were grouped into 4 clusters due to elevation, mean July temperature and summer heat-to-moisture index (SHM). Cluster 4, containing provenances from the highest altitudes (>750m), had the highest mean AI (143.9±8.4 cm). The lowest mean AI (106.7±14.8 cm) had cluster 1, containing provenances from lower altitudes with lower mean July temperatures (≤18.4°C). Provenances originating from lower elevations with higher mean July temperatures (>18.4°C) were further divided into two clusters due to the SHM variable. Cluster 2 had the second highest mean AI (141.2±1.5 cm) and contained provenances from relatively wetter habitats (SHM≤48.2). Cluster 3, containing provenances from relatively arid habitats (SHM>48.2), had significantly lower mean AI (116.8±8.6 cm). Established among-provenance variation pattern might be used as a tool in selecting seed sources for artificial restoration of beech stands at mount Medvednica. It is advisable to use FRM from higher altitudes and/or from slightly lower altitudes (up to 150 m lower than a restoring site) but featured with warmer and drier conditions compared to the trial. Generally, provenance trials should be utilized as a valuable decision tool in restoring disturbed forest stands but may also be misleading if not well designed and analyzed.
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Stojnic, Srdjan, Ute Sass-Klaassen, Sasa Orlovic, Bratislav Matovic, and Britta Eilmann. "Plastic growth response of european beech provenances to dry site conditions." IAWA Journal 34, no. 4 (2013): 475–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-00000038.
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Due to projected global warming, there is a great concern about the ability of European beech to adapt to future climate conditions. Provenance trials provide an excellent basis to assess the potential of various provenances to adjust to given climate conditions. In this study we compared the performance of four European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) provenances growing in a provenance trial at the Fruška Gora Mountain, Serbia. Three of the investigated provenances (Höllerbach and Hasbruch from Germany and Vrani Kamen from Croatia) originate from moist sites, with annual precipitation sums being twice as high as at the provenance trial in Serbia. The performance of these provenances are compared to the growth of the local provenance Fruška Gora which is well adapted to dry site conditions. We analysed tree-ring width, mean vessel area, vessel density and water-conductive area for the period from 2006 to 2012. In spite of differences in climate conditions at their place of origin all beech provenances showed a similar pattern in radial increment. Also the wood- anatomical variables showed similar inter-annual patterns for all provenances and no significant differences between the provenances. This indicates that beech provenances from moist environments can adjust to the relatively dry temperate climate in Serbia.
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Magnussen, S., V. G. Smith, and C. W. Yeatman. "Tree size, biomass, and volume growth of twelve 34-year-old Ontario jack pine provenances." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, no. 6 (December 1, 1985): 1129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x85-183.
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Tree size and aboveground biomass in twelve 34-year-old Ontario jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) provenances growing at Petawawa National Forestry Institute (Chalk River, Ontario) was negatively correlated with latitude of origin. The best provenance exceeded the local provenance in tree height and diameter by approximately 10%. The pattern of geographical variation was stable over time, making general and sound predictions of provenance growth based on juvenile performance feasible. Persistent differences among some geographically close provenances indicated the potential for genetic improvement by selecting the best populations within site regions. The results demonstrated have important implications for jack pine breeding and improvement strategies at the provenance level. The provenance averages of aboveground ovendry weight per tree ranged from 44 to 79 kg. The aboveground tree biomass was distributed as follows in seven analyzed provenances: stem wood, 78%; stem bark, 8%; branch wood, 8%; needles, 5%; cones, 1%. Variation in average stemwood mass among provenances was less than the variation in average stem volume because of a strong negative correlation on a single tree basis between stem volume and stem wood density. The mean annual volume and biomass accretion per hectare in the best provenances averaged 10 m3 and 4 t, respectively. Total stem volume production per hectare varied exponentially with tree height. Mean annual stem volume increment of the best provenances exceeded that of the slowest growing provenances by 22–40%.
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Pollard, D. F. W., and F. T. Portlock. "Intraspecific variation in stem growth of western hemlock." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16, no. 1 (February 1, 1986): 149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x86-027.
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Fifteen coastal provenances of western hemlock Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. were tested on four sites on Vancouver Island, B.C. Provenance origins and test sites lay within roughly 2° of latitude and at 0–580 m above mean sea level. Mean heights of provenances 10 years after planting varied from roughly 74 to 121% of the plantation mean at each site; plantation means varied from 388 to 493 cm. No interaction between provenance and test site was detected and rankings of provenances remained quite constant from site to site. A large proportion of provenance variation could not be accounted for by descriptors of provenance origin. Results show that for the geographic range tested, faster growing provenances could be planted without constraints imposed by elevation and latitude.
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Huang, G. H., K. N. Liang, Z. Z. Zhou, J. M. Xu, and H. M. Ma. "Genetic variation and origin of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) native and introduced provenances." Silvae Genetica 64, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2015): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2015-0003.
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AbstractA total of 420 individuals belonged to 18 native teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) provenances from all four distributed countries and 10 introduced provenances were analyzed to for genetic variation, structure and genetic origin using SSR markers. The unbiased gene diversity for each provenance ranged from 0.4692 to 0.8523 with a mean value 0.6612, showing high variation within teak provenances and variation in India provenances was highest than in other countries’ provenances.AMOVA analysis showed that the majority of variation existed within provenances (84.760%) and also substantial variation among countries (10.586%). As more as possible plus trees from large population should be selected or conserved in order to keep genetic variability for future improvement. Different countries populations should be preserved in the natural habitat or collected for ex site conservation with cooperation and region-wise strategies.A Mantel test revealed significant correlation between genetic distances and geographic distances of teak provenances (R=0.7355, P<0.001). The cluster analyses by UPGMA, PCA and STRUCTURE methods gave very similar results, showing India provenances were firstly differentiated, and Laos provenances clustered with Thailand provenances, then introduced provenances and Myanmar provenances successively joined in the clusters. The introduced provenances no. 19, 20, 22, 23, 25, 27 and 28 appeared to be very closely linked to Laos provenances (especially no. 17) and Thailand provenances (especially no. 5 and 6), while provenances no. 21, 24, 26 may be originated from Myanmar provenance (especially no. 16).
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Ballian, Dalibor, and Mirzeta Memišević Hodžić. "Preliminary assessment of genetic gain through the selection of different pedunculate oak populations in provenance test." Genetics & Applications 6, no. 2 (December 14, 2022): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31383/ga.vol6iss2ga06.
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The distribution of pedunculate oak in Bosnia and Herzegovina is important in connecting the southern and eastern provenances of the Balkan Peninsula with provenances from Central Europe. However, due to over-exploitation, pedunculate oak is almost extinct in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This research aims to determine the heredity and production potential of the pedunculate oak from 28 provenances in the Bosnian-Herzegovinian provenance test through the genetic gain of thickness and height growth. The results will be used in selection of best provenances in terms of genetic gain. For this research, height and root collar diameter of pedunculate oak plants in Bosnian-Herzegovinian provenance tests were measured in 2012, 2016 and 2020. The provenance test was established in 2009. It contains 28 provenances from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Heredity and selection differential were assessed using analysis of variance. Possible genetic gain if using five best and one best provenance were determined. The results of the genetic gain for height obtained using data from 2012 and 2020 were low. The results obtained for 2016 indicate that the genetic gain for height, using five best provenances would be 7.62%, and using the best provenance 9.98%. Results of the genetic gain for root collar diameter obtained for 2016 and 2020 were low. For 2012, the genetic improvement using five best provenances would be 4.28%, and using the best provenance 6.32%. The results indicate that by selecting the best provenances of pedunculate oak and their propagation, we can achieve a significant increase in plant height and thickness, i.e., the yield of wood mass. As research concerns juvenile material, it is necessary to continue systematic monitoring, to determine the actual heredity and genetic age, when the trees reach their physiological maturity, and when the annual value oscillations become uniform.
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Memišević Hodžić, Mirzeta, and Dalibor Ballian. "Growth Dynamics and Tree Shape of Common Beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) in the International Provenance Test." South-east European forestry 12, no. 2 (November 15, 2021): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15177/seefor.21-11.
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Provenance tests of forest tree species are important experiments in silviculture and tree breeding. Their results provide information about provenances' growth, adaptability, and other features. The research aimed to determine the dynamics of growth and tree shape of common beech plants per provenances in the international provenance test in Bosnia and Herzegovina to choose the best provenances considering wood production and quality. Research was conducted in the provenance test containing eight provenances from Bosnia and Herzegovina, four from Germany, three from Serbia, two each from Croatia, Romania, and Switzerland, and one from Hungary. Provenance test was established in 2007 by planting 2-year-old and 3-year old seedlings. Height and root collar diameter were measured, and tree shape was assessed in 2019. Data were processed in SPSS 26.0. Descriptive statistics, variance analysis, multiple Duncan's test for all traits, and Pearson's coefficient of corelation among morphological traits and tree shape were calculated. Variance for the height and root collar diameter showed statistically significant differences among different ages of plants and among provenances. Provenance from Croatia (Dilj Čaglinski) had the highest, and provenance from Romania (Alba-Iulia) had the lowest average height. The highest average value of root collar diameter had provenance Dilj Čaglinski, and the lowest value had provenance Sihlwald (Switzerland). The highest percentage of category 10 (ideal tree form) had provenance Bad Wildbad (Germany), and categories 1-4 (no silviculture value) had provenance Alba-Iulia (Romania). Pearson's coefficient showed that height, root collar diameter, and tree shape are highly correlated. Considering all the above, when planning forest-breeding works, it is recommended to continue the research and favor provenances with the best growth and tree shape.
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Halilović, Velid, Faruk Mekić, Ćemal Višnjić, and Dalibor Ballian. "VARIABILITY OF SOME MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF SILVER FIR (Abies alba Mill.) IN A NATIONAL TEST OF PROVENIENCES." Radovi Šumarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu 43, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.54652/rsf.2013.v43.i1.117.
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UDK 582.475:581.4(497.6 Olovo)
The research has been carried out in a formal experiment with silver fir near Očevje-Olovo, with nine provenances originating from natural BiH population of 22 years of age. The research observed following provenances: communities from the area of Bugojno, Bosanski Petrovac, Olovo-Palež, Olovo-Klis, Pale, Konjic, Fojnica, Sokolac, and Prozor.
The analysis of diameter on the root collar found that there are statistically significant differences among the provenances. It was also found that the biggest diameter on the root collar was on the provenances of Fojnica, with 75.6 mm, whereas the smallest was on the provenances of Olovo-Klis, with 65.2 mm. In terms of breast height diameter, some statistically significant differences were also found, so that the biggest diameter was on the provenance of Fojnica, with 47.0 mm, whereas the smallest value of this feature was on the provenance of Pale, with 41.6 mm.
The analysis of the height of different provenances for the testing period, 1999 – 2005 (7 years), suggested statistically significant differences among the provenances. The biggest value was on the provenance of Bosanski Petrovac, with 407 cm, whereas the smallest height was on the provenance of Olovo-Klis, with 364 cm.
The results obtained during this research provide valuable information, which can be used as indicators for successful differentiation of silver fir.
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Dixit, Aalap, Thomas Kolb, and Owen Burney. "Provenance Geographical and Climatic Characteristics Influence Budburst Phenology of Southwestern Ponderosa Pine Seedlings." Forests 11, no. 10 (October 4, 2020): 1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11101067.
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Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson & C. Lawson var. scopulorum Engelm.) forests of the southwestern US are threatened by climate change and deforestation. Information about geographic patterns of provenance variation in budburst phenology is needed to make decisions about selecting seed sources for future planting. In this study, provenance variation in the budburst phenology of ponderosa pine seedlings was examined using common garden studies. Seedlings from 21 provenances, representing an elevational gradient in Arizona and New Mexico, were planted in July 2018 at a ponderosa pine-dominated field site in northern Arizona. Field budburst was monitored weekly on all seedlings in the spring of 2019. Field budburst was compared with budburst timing of the same provenances measured under greenhouse conditions. The hypotheses for this study were that (1) budburst varies among provenances, with earlier budburst in low-elevation provenances, and (2) differences in budburst timing among provenances are consistent for seedlings grown in greenhouse and field environments. Field results show that provenances vary in budburst date and that low- and middle-elevation provenances break bud sooner than high-elevation provenances. Field budburst date had a moderate, positive correlation with provenance mean annual precipitation (r = 0.522) and a moderate, negative trend with latitude (r = −0.413). Budburst date of provenances in the greenhouse had a moderate, positive trend with budburst date in the field (r = 0.554), suggesting application of greenhouse results to field plantings. Such information about provenance variation and environmental and geographic trends in budburst timing will be useful for developing species-specific seed transfer guidelines and effective assisted migration strategies in a changing climate.
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Stojnić, Srđan, S. Orlović, D. Ballian, M. Ivankovic, M. Šijačić-Nikolić, A. Pilipović, S. Bogdan, et al. "Provenance by site interaction and stability analysis of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) provenances grown in common garden experiments." Silvae Genetica 64, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2015): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2015-0013.
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AbstractFifteen provenances of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) were evaluated for stability and adaptability by height growth at four test sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1), Croatia (1) and Serbia (2). Provenance trials were established in spring 2007 by planting 2- and 3-yearold seedlings and arranged in a randomized complete block design. The data from seven 6- year-old and eight 5-year-old provenances were obtained in 2009 and analyzed separately. Finlay and Wilkinson’s regression analysis and Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model (AMMI model) were used to assess provenance by site interaction (P × S) and to identify beech provenances that have high and stable performance in different environments, at the juvenile stage of development. Analysis of variance showed that effects of provenance, site, and P×S interaction are highly significant (p<0.001) in both age groups. Linear regression model evidenced that most of the provenances had regression coefficients not significantly different from unity (b=1.0), except for provenances Sjeverni Dilj Caglinski (HR24) and Vranica-Bistrica (BA59). The partitioning of the total sum of squares (SS) exhibited that the site effect was the predominant source of variation in both age groups of provenances (50.7% and 38.5%, respectively). Additionally, regression analysis explained 15.8% and 33.2% of provenance by site interaction terms, in provenances age six and five years, respectively, while the AMMI analysis accounted for 62.2% and 78.7% in P×S interaction. The results of AMMI showed that the first principal component (PC1) was statistically significant in both age groups. Adaptability and stability of provenances to the test sites were estimated with AMMI1 and AMMI2 biplots. Provenance Sjeverni Dilj Caglinski (HR24) showed constant performance over tested sites, characterizing with aboveaverage height growth at low yielding environments. Provenances HR25 and BA61 showed the opposite type of adaptation, being adapted to high yielding sites. Provenance Valkonya (HU42) was characterized by IPCA1 score close to zero and above average mean height growth, suggesting general adaptation to the tested environments. The implication of P×S was discussed in light of impact of climate change on beech and selection of most suitable provenances for future reforestation programs.
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Wu, Harry X., and Cheng C. Ying. "Stability of resistance to western gall rust and needle cast in lodgepole pine provenances." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 439–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x98-009.
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Stability of 76 interior lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta ssp. latifolia Engelm.) provenances in resistance to western gall rust (Endocronartium harknessii (J.P. More) Y. Hiratsuka) and needle cast (Lophodermella concolor (Dearn.) Darker) was investigated from 19 and 23 sites in the British Columbia interior, respectively. Provenances, sites, and provenance by site interaction had significant effects on severity level of infection of both diseases. Susceptible provenances contributed mainly to the interaction. The resistant provenances to both diseases were very stable and essentially homeostatic across sites (regression coefficient approaching 0). Resistant provenances were concentrated in the jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) - lodgepole pine hybrid zone and adjacent areas, and provenances from the low-elevation interior wetbelt were also very resistant to needle cast. Geographic patterns of provenance variation revealed that the closer a lodgepole pine provenance is to the limit of jack pine distribution, the higher and more stable is its resistance to western gall rust and needle cast. The current multiple-site evaluation supports for the hypothesis that jack pine introgression influences pest defence in lodgepole pine and suggests genetic selection can be effective.
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Cole, SP, KC Woo, D. Eamus, CE Harwood, and MW Haines. "Field Measurements of Net Photosynthesis and Related Parameters in Four Provenances of Acacia auriculiformis." Australian Journal of Botany 42, no. 4 (1994): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9940457.
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Tree diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, maximum light saturated assimilation (Amax), phyllode conductance (gs), and phyllode water potential (ΨW) were determined in trees of Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth., 3-4 years old. Trees from three provenance regions were studied: from Papua New Guinea (PNG ̵1 Bensbach River and Morehead River provenances); north Queensland (NQ); and the Northern Territory (NT), as part of a provenance trial on Melville Island, Northern Territory. The PNG provenances were the largest trees and had accumulated the largest biomass. Significant variation in Amax between provenance regions within a season, and between seasons (wet vs dry) for each provenance region were observed. There was no correlation between seasonal Amax and provenance region growth rate. The NT provenance region generally exhibited the largest Amax and the least variation between seasons and the PNG provenance region the lowest Amax, while the NQ provenance region varied most between seasons. Seasonal and provenance region Variation in gs followed a similar trend to Amax. There was no significant variation in ΨW between provenance regions. Canopy area of the PNG provenances was seven times greater than that of the NT provenance during the late dry season. We conclude that PNG provenances achieve their larger growth rates primarily by maintaining a larger canopy. Results are discussed with reference to the observed superior growth rate of the PNG provenances, and highlight the need for caution in extrapolating single phyllode assimilation data to infer comparative growth rates.
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Wehenkel, Christian, José Marcos Torres-Valverde, José Ciro Hernández-Díaz, Eduardo Mendoza-Maya, Artemio Carrillo-Parra, Santiago Solis-González, and Javier López-Upton. "Adaptive Trait Variation in Seedlings of Rare Endemic Mexican Spruce Provenances under Nursery Conditions." Forests 14, no. 4 (April 12, 2023): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14040790.
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The distributions of the three Mexican spruces are fragmented, possibly leading to phenological, morphological and genetic differentiation, which is partly caused by local adaptation. In this study, we estimated for the first time the intra- and inter-specific phenotypic variation in 5641 seedlings from provenances of the three Mexican spruces. We examined (i) provenance-related differences in the seedling survival rate, diameter (D), height (H) and seed weight (SW) as quantitative traits, (ii) the association between the survival rate, D, H and SW and climatic and soil variables in the Picea provenances and (iii) (narrow-sense) heritability (within-provenance) based on D and H under the same nursery conditions, assuming that the response can be considered as a proxy for quantitative genetic differentiation between provenances. All Mexican spruce species differed significantly in H, and all eight provenances studied were significantly different in D and H, except for two neighboring provenances of P. mexicana. Very strong, significant correlations (up to R2 = 0.96) were found between H, the survival rate and SW with respect to environmental factors of provenance/seed origin. Additionally, the heritability index explained a high percentage of the provenance-related variance. The use of germplasm for restoration in different sites and with different populations requires collecting seeds from numerous trees from as many provenances as possible, but should be carried out with caution owing to the apparently strong local adaptation in provenances of the Mexican spruces.
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Weller, Andreas. "Douglasien-Provenienzversuch von 1961 in Nordwestdeutschland: Ergebnisse nach 38 Jahren." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 163, no. 3 (March 1, 2012): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2012.0105.
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Douglas-fir provenance trials established 1961 in northwestern Germany: findings at the age of 38 years The Douglas-fir provenance trials established on 14 sites in northwestern Germany in 1961 are the basis for a comparison of 26 North American Douglas-fir provenances. The following assessment criteria were formulated: (1) How do the provenances differ with respect to total volume growth after 38 years? (2) Can climate-induced variations be observed in provenance values? (3) Do provenances differ in regard to branchiness? Because of non-orthogonal trial set-ups and plot-related influences, overall trial sites analysis called for a standardisation of interval-scaled primary data. Relative rank classes were calculated on the basis of a mean plot value. With respect to total volume growth, the provenances Tenas Creek (D47) as well as Molalla (D74) and Timber (D41/59) proved provenances with stable and outstanding productivity. Among the tested local climate elements “long-term annual mean temperature”, “mean annual precipitation” and “height above sea level” only the influence of long-term annual mean temperature is statistically relevant for productivity. Beside hardy ecotypes, which adapt to a wide spectrum of differing plot climates (e.g., Molalla [D74]), there are provenances with poor adaptive capabilities that react sensitively to local climatic conditions (e.g., Salmon Arm II [D46]). For the criterion “fine-branchiness”, the provenances Conrad Creek (D43), Ashford (D67) and Gold Hill (D83) show the best, the provenances Detroit (D76), Carson (D87) and Salmon Arm II (D46) the poorest results.
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Raymond, Carolyn A., M. Henson, and B. Joe. "Genetic Variation Amongst and Within The Native Provenances of Pinus radiata D. Don in South-eastern Australia. 2.Wood Density and Stiffness to Age 26 Years." Silvae Genetica 58, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2009): 192–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2009-0025.
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AbstractTwo progeny trials of native provenances of Pinus radiata, representing the 1978 seed collection, were assessed for wood density and standing tree acoustic velocity. One trial, planted in 1980 in southern New South Wales, Australia contains all five provenances. The second trial, planted in the same region in 1982 contains only the island provenances. Results for extracted wood density, assessed from pith to bark in 5 ring segments, and standing tree acoustic velocity, measured at age 24 or 26 years, are reported. Large differences between the mainland and island provenance were apparent for wood density and stiffness. The mainland provenances were very similar for density and followed the “normal” pattern of change with a gradual increase from the pith, followed by a plateauing around age 20. Neither of the island provenances followed this pattern of change in density: Cedros had stable density across the 4 inner most segments and Guadalupe had stable density for the inner two segments followed by a linear increase. Juvenile density was higher in both the island provenances than the mainland provenances. The island provenances differed from each other for standing tree acoustic velocity, with velocity being higher in Guadalupe provenance. Heritabilities for wood density and acoustic velocity (average 0.37) were higher than those for tree growth and form. Across the stem radius, heritability of density was variable with some segments having zero heritabilities in some provenances, particularly Cambria, Cedros and Guadalupe. Heritability for acoustic velocity was highest for Cambria and the island provenances. Within the mainland provenances, little difference was found between populations for either wood density or acoustic velocity. Density and standing tree acoustic velocity were negatively genetically correlated with tree diameter. Differences in provenance means were greater for acoustic velocity than for density in the outermost segment. Provenance rankings also differed, with the rankings for acoustic velocity being similar to those for density in the 2nd segment from the bark. The genetic correlations between density and velocity reached a maximum for 3rd segment. These results indicate that outerwood density is not the sole driver of acoustic velocity, and that the sound wave is perhaps not travelling through the outer most wood, but is penetrating some distance into the tree.
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Savva, Yu V., F. H. Schweingruber, E. A. Vaganov, and L. I. Milyutin. "INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGES ON TREE-RING CHARACTERISTICS OF SCOTS PINE PROVENANCES IN SOUTHERN SIBERIA (FOREST-STEPPE)." IAWA Journal 24, no. 4 (2003): 371–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000342.
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Scots pine provenances from all over Russia planted in 1964 at the forest- steppe zone were analyzed. Eight tree-ring characteristics from 12 different provenances were measured densitometrically. The time span of tree-ring observation covers the period from 1969 to 1997. The sensitivity coefficient of latewood width, latewood and maximum densities and latewood percentage decreases in relation to the increasing latitude of the provenances. The growth of all studied provenances is dictated by the local weather and climate. The correlation coefficients of indices between the local provenance and the other provenances are not lower than 0.46–0.97, and the synchronicity coefficients are minimally 0.84. The Euclidean distances vary from 0.11 to 0.13 between the local provenance and the other provenances. All statistical parameters show that the interannual variability reflects the prevailing influence of the local weather conditions. Variability of weather conditions determines up to 87% of the growth variability in the forest-steppe of southern Siberia.
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Ngugi, Michael R., Mark A. Hunt, David Doley, Paul Ryan, and Peter J. Dart. "Effects of soil water availability on water use efficiency of Eucalyptus cloeziana and Eucalyptus argophloia plants." Australian Journal of Botany 51, no. 2 (2003): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt02103.
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Effects of soil water availability on transpiration efficiency (WUET), instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEi) and carbon isotope composition (δ13C) were investigated in 7-month-old plants of humid coastal (Gympie) and dry inland (Hungry Hills) provenances of Eucalyptus cloeziana F.Muell. and in a dry inland provenance of E.�argophloia Blakely (Chinchilla), supplied with 100 (W100), 70 (W70) and 50% (W50) of their water requirements. At W100, WUET of the three provenances were not significantly different but as available soil moisture decreased, E. argophloia produced greater biomass and demonstrated significantly higher WUET than either E. cloeziana provenance. Midday WUEi was not significantly affected by watering regime within each provenance but was lowest in E. argophloia. A decrease in soil water availability caused a consistent increase in δ13C values in all three provenances; however, δ13C values of E. argophloia in all three water regimes were significantly lower than those of E. cloeziana provenances, which did not differ significantly from each other. For all three provenances, δ13C was not correlated with WUEi but height and root collar diameter were negatively correlated to δ13C. There was little evidence of differences in δ13C, WUET and WUEi between E. cloeziana provenances but clear differences between E. cloeziana and E. argophloia. The high WUET, low WUEi and low δ13C for E. argophloia may have implications in the selection of Eucalyptus provenances for commercial forestry in low-rainfall regions.
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Stojnic, Srdjan, Sasa Orlovic, Danijela Miljkovic, and Wuehlisch von. "Intra- and interprovenance variations in leaf morphometric traits in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)." Archives of Biological Sciences 68, no. 4 (2016): 781–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs151008064s.
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European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is one of the most important tree species in Europe. Due to substantial genetic diversity and phenotypic plasticity, beech has successfully adapted to different environments within its natural range. Provenance tests provide a good basis for studying within- and between-provenance genetic variation, due to homogeneous within-trial environmental conditions. The aim of the present study was to determine the within- and between-provenance genetic variability of certain leaf morphological traits among eleven beech provenances, grown in a common garden experiment. Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for differences among the studied beech provenances. Principal component analysis (PCA) allowed a complex assessment of the relationships among the provenances and an estimation of multivariate relations among the analyzed characters. The results of the study revealed the existence of substantial variability among provenances (p<0.001). Likewise, high genetic variability was observed at the intra-provenance level (p<0.001). The first three principal components (PC1-PC3) explained approximately 81% of the total variance among the European beech provenances tested. The highest contribution on PC1 corresponded to variables related to leaf size: leaf area (-0.882) and leaf width (-0.876). Based on the position of provenances on a PCA scatter plot, it could be assumed that European beech is characterized by a more ecotypic pattern of genetic variation rather than by clinal variation. Also, the presence of considerable genetic diversity within provenances will be important in the light of climate change impact on beech, since it could potentially facilitate rapid adaptation.
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Tomlin, E. S., and J. H. Borden. "Relationship between leader morphology and resistance or susceptibility of Sitka spruce to the white pine weevil." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 4 (April 1, 1994): 810–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-106.
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Sitka spruce, Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr., from 27 provenances and five sites in British Columbia, were examined for traits of leader morphology that might be involved in resistance to the white pine weevil, Pissodesstrobi (Peck). Trees from the Usk Ferry provenance at Head Bay and the Kitwanga provenance at Nass River both had low incidence of weevilling, and had needles pressed more closely against the stems by up to 20° than trees from other provenances. At Fair Harbour, trees from the two most resistant provenances, Haney and Cedarvale, had inner resin ducts that were approximately twice the diameter of those in trees from the most susceptible provenances. Resistant trees from these two provenances also had significantly more outer resin ducts than those from any other provenance planted at any of the five sites. Values ranged from 28 outer ducts per centimetre for Haney trees, to <1 per centimetre for very susceptible trees from the Masset Sound provenance in the Queen Charlotte Islands, where the absence of weevils could have eliminated any selection for trees with a high density of resin ducts. We hypothesize that trees from the Haney and Cedarvale provenances may have large numbers of outer resin ducts as an important resistance mechanism, which could be used as a selection criterion for resistance. Resistant trees from other provenances such as Big Qualicum, Kitwanga, and Green Timbers, which have fewer outer resin ducts than those from Haney and Cedarvale, must rely heavily on mechanisms other than those associated with the resin system morphology.
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Johnson, I. G., A. J. Carnegie, and M. Henson. "Growth, Form and Quambalaria Shoot Blight Tolerance of Spotted Gum in North-eastern New South Wales, Australia." Silvae Genetica 58, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2009): 180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2009-0024.
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AbstractA young provenance/progeny trial of spotted gums, which are major hardwood plantation species in subtropical eastern Australia, was studied for growth, form, and damage from Quambalaria shoot blight. The trial contained a wide range of genotypes, mainly of Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata, with between one and 21 families per provenance. Genetic parameters were calculated from 23 provenances with four or more families. Provenances superior for growth included four well-represented C. citriodora subsp. variegata provenances, all from south-east Queensland, which also had a high proportion of superior families. Overall, Queensland provenances had significantly higher mean diameter and height than those from New South Wales (NSW), although there were several superior NSW families. Provenances superior for growth also displayed good straightness and relatively fine branching. Relatively low Quambalaria shoot blight damage was recorded for four Queensland provenances and one coastal NSW provenance, which all had high proportions of families with low damage. Provenances that were putative intergrades between C. citriodora subsp. variegata and C. maculata tended to have high damage levels. However, some mediocre provenances contained superior families potentially useful for breeding. Regressions of Quambalaria damage index (QDI) on latitude, and mean height growth on QDI, were highly significant and moderately strong (0.51 and 0.58, respectively), indicating increasing damage in more southern material, and a retarding effect (although not striking) of damage on growth. Individual heritability estimates were low (zero to 0.14) for growth and form, and moderate for QDI (0.31). The genetic correlations for QDI with growth traits were strong and negative (-0.77 and -0.88), supporting a strategy of selecting vigorous trees for breeding programs from provenances and families superior for these traits.
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Pacala, M., R. Longauer, D. Krajmerová, and D. Gömöry. "Effect of site altitude on the growth and survival of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) provenances on the Slovak plots of IUFRO experiment 1972." Journal of Forest Science 48, No. 1 (May 17, 2019): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/11853-jfs.
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The growth, survival, damage and provenance × environment interactions of 30 provenances of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) from Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic, were analyzed at the age of 26 years. Significant effects of altitude and site quality but no geographic trends were dectected in the series of 5 provenance plots. Correlation of growth and survival appeared to be insignificant at individual plots and their series. The highest differentiation among provenances was revealed on the plots at the minimum and maximum altitudes (350 and 950 m). Several Slovak (Western-Carpathian) provenances proved to grow significantly better than the average at nearly all plots, and also exhibited insignificant provenance × site interaction. Indigenous provenances from the southern part of the Western Carpathians showed higher adaptability to sites in lower altitudes with longer vegetation but seasonal water deficiency.
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Beaulieu, J., A. Corriveau, and G. Daoust. "Productivité et Stabilité Phénotypique de l'Épinette Rouge au Québec." Forestry Chronicle 65, no. 1 (February 1, 1989): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc65042-1.
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Fifteen red spruce provenances were planted in 1959 on abandoned farmland in Quebec. Volume productivity and phenotypic stability parameters, 25 years after planting, are presented. Provenance-environment interaction is significant in red spruce. However, the importance of the phenotypic instability may have been influenced by the southern origin of some provenances and by an unequal damage caused by a yellowheaded spruce sawfly outbreak in one of the sites. Three provenances are of average stability and perform relatively well on all sites. They could be recommended for reforestation under certain conditions. However, the productivity of even these provenances is much lower than expected, probably owing to the susceptibility of the species to winter desiccation and severe frost damage when planted on exposed sites. Key words: Provenance-environment interaction, winter desiccation, bud freezing injury, provenances, combined regression analysis.
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Memišević Hodžić, Mirzeta, Semir Bajtić, and Dalibor Ballian. "Interaction Between the Effects of Provenance Genetic Structure and Habitat Conditions on Growth of Scots Pine in International Provenance Tests in Bosnia and Herzegovina." South-east European forestry 11, no. 1 (April 8, 2020): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15177/seefor.20-03.
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Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is one of the most important tree species in European forests, characterized by high genetic variability and complex population structure. This research aimed to determine whether there is an interaction between the effects of provenance genetic structure and habitat conditions on the growth of Scots pine in two international provenance tests in Bosnia and Herzegovina, to chose the best provenances for both habitats. For this research, heights and root collar diameters of Scots pine plants on two provenance tests in Bosnia and Herzegovina were measured and the interaction between the effects of provenance genetic structure and habitat conditions for these two traits was estimated based on regression. Eleven provenances represented on both tests were researched. Provenance tests were established in 2012 on two locations with contrasted ecological conditions: Kupres and Žepče. By assessing the interaction between the effects of provenance genetic structure and habitat conditions on Kupres and Žepče provenance tests, two interactions for the height of plants (between Germany NJ2 and Italy I2 and between Austria A2 and Romania R1) and one interaction for the root collar diameter (between Austria A1 and Italy I2) were identified. The number of survived plants and their productivity is different for all provenances in both habitats, indicating that the adaptability of provenances is not only conditioned by their genetic constitution but also by habitat conditions. Considering the productivity of provenances and the number of survived plants in both habitats, Austria A1, Austria A2, Austria A3, and Poland P1 provenances showed the best adaptability. The results of this study can be used in the process of Scots pine breeding and for its conservation by in situ and ex-situ methods.
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Gunia, Stanisław, Jan Łukaszewicz, and Henryk Szeligowski. "The first Polish provenance experiments with silver fir Abies alba Mill." Forest Research Papers 80, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/frp-2019-0018.
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AbstractSilver fir Abies alba Mill. provenance trials started in Poland a few years after Pavari (1951) proved that the origin of this tree species influences its genetic variability. Further confirmation came from provenance trials, which selected provenances for cultivation in Denmark and showed provenance-dependent genetic variability even within a relatively small area such as the Czech Republic. The Polish trial, started in 1960, compared 6 provenances from the West and Central Carpathian region (4 from Poland, 2 from Slovakia) and 3 from the Hercinic region (Czech Republic). The trial was established in the Experimental Forests of the Warsaw University of Life Sciences in Rogów, at the northern border of the natural silver fir range. Results from the nursery stage experiments proved the existence of latitudinal and altitudinal clines based on data for seed weight, height growth, number of terminal buds as well as bud and needle development. The Polish provenance ‘Stary Sącz’ and two Slovak provenances, ‘Čierný Váh’ and ‘Beňuš’, were early flushing, whereas the Polish provenance ‘Rogów’ behaved differently and was late flushing. Even at the nursery stage, the positive influence of tree selection on height growth and progeny characteristics of the two Czech provenances was evident. The Carpathian provenances were furthermore evaluated according to the index of cultivation and breeding: very good – ‘Rogów’; good ‘ŚPN (Świętokrzyski PN)’, ‘Stary Sącz’ and ‘Skarżysko’; poor – ‘Čierný Váh’ and ‘Beňuš’.
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Klisz, Marcin, Radosław Puchałka, Sławomir Wilczyński, Władysław Kantorowicz, Tomasz Jabłoński, and Jan Kowalczyk. "The Effect of Insect Defoliations and Seed Production on the Dynamics of Radial Growth Synchrony among Scots Pine Pinus sylvestris L. Provenances." Forests 10, no. 10 (October 22, 2019): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10100934.
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The intraspecific variation of climate–growth relationships observed on provenance trials results from among–provenance differences in phenotypic plasticity. Temporal variation in radial growth synchrony among provenances may be modified by adverse climatic/biotic conditions such as drought or insect defoliation. However, these factors can potentially diminish provenance–specific growth reactions and, consequently, prevent the identification of provenances with the highest adaptive potential. Thus, understanding the influence of major biotic conditions on provenance–specific climate–growth relationships seems to be important to anticipate climate change. To determine provenance–specific growth patterns in relation to climate conditions (drought), seed production (reproductive effort), and insect defoliation in a common garden of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), we applied dendroecological techniques to time–series of tree–ring widths and basal area increments. The long–term records of seed production and insect outbreaks from the local Scots pine stands were used to explain the potential effect of biotic factors on the temporal dynamics of radial growth synchrony. During a period of favorable growth conditions, Scots pine provenances showed a decline in inter–provenance synchronicity in growth patterns, while during years affected by severe soil water deficit and insect defoliation, they manifested high uniformity in growth dynamics. The long–term trend in growth synchrony among P. sylvestris provenances depend on both abiotic and biotic environmental factors. This gains significance following an introduction of the appropriate selection of tree provenances for climate–smart forestry.
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Sett, Ei Sandi, Hye-Jin Lee, Yang-Gil Kim, Ye-Ji Kim, Dayoung Lee, Sunjeong Kim, Yoon-Ji Hahn, Tae-Lim Yeo, and Kyu-Suk Kang. "Assessing the performance on phenotypic traits of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) provenances across two trial sites in Myanmar." Silvae Genetica 72, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sg-2023-0009.
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Abstract This study was conducted to examine the variation and growth performance among eight and nine provinces at age 15 years in two trial sites in Myanmar. At the Ngalaik Reserved Forest (Ngalaik RF), the survival rates of provenances ranged from 62.4 % to 80.8 %. The Kanbalu followed by the Oaktwin and Nattalin provenances had the best survival rates at 80.8 %, 79.2 %, and 77.6 % respectively. Likewise, the survival rates ranged from 25.6 % to 74.4 % at the Yenwe Reserved Forest (Yenwe RF). The Nattalin followed by the Bago and Oaktwin provenances had the best survival rates at 74.4 %, 65.6 %, and 63.2 % respectively. The differences in stem form were found to be significant at both sites, whereas 36.24 % of teak in Ngalaik RF and 20.23 % in Yenwe RF were recorded in the class of straight tree. Based on the overall assessment of traits, teak trees in the provenances of Ngalaik RF had much better traits quality than that of Yenwe RF. According to analyses, the Bago provenance was outstanding among the provenances, followed by Phyu, Nattalin, and Paukkhaung provenances at both sites. The best-performing Bago provenance likely grew 10 % betterthan the average volume at Ngalaik RF, 1.4 % more than the average at the Yenwe RF. Among all provenances at both sites, the Thabeikkyin provenance was likely to separate as the poorest one. Based on the results, the selection of mother trees (plus trees) would make a great contribution to the application of future tree improvement programs in Myanmar.
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Jull, Laura G., and Frank A. Blazich. "Influence of Stratification, Temperature, and Light on Seed Germination of Selected Provenances of Atlantic White Cedar." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 546F—547. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.546f.
Full textAbstract:
Cones of six provenances (Escambia Co., Ala., Santa Rosa Co., Fla., Wayne Co., N.C., Burlington Co., N.J., New London Co., Conn., and Barnstable Co., Mass.) of Atlantic white cedar [Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B. S. P.], were collected Fall 1994 (Alabama, North Carolina, New Jersey, and Connecticut), Winter 1995 (Massachusetts), or Fall 1995 (Florida). Cones were dried for 2 months, followed by seed extraction and storage at 4°C. Seeds were then graded and stratified (moist-prechilled) for 0, 30, 60, or 90 days. Following stratification, seeds were placed at 25°C or an 8/16-hr thermoperiod of 30°/20°C with daily photoperiods of 0, 1, or 24 hr. Germination was recorded every 3 days for 30 days. Temperature, stratification, and light had significant effects on germination. However, responses to these factors varied according to provenance. Averaged over all treatments, the Alabama provenance exhibited the greatest germination (61%), followed by the Florida provenance (45%), with the remaining provenances ranging from 20% to 38%. However, there were specific treatments for each provenance that resulted in germination > 50%. The three southern provenances (Alabama, Florida, and North Carolina) required 30 days of stratification for maximum germination. They did not exhibit an obligate light requirement, but photoperiods ≥ 1 hr increased germination greatly over seeds in darkness. In contrast, the northern provenances (New Jersey, Connecticut, and Massachusetts) had an obligate light requirement. These provenances only required 30 days stratification with continuous light for maximum germination. When subjected to a 1-hr photoperiod, seeds from the northern provenances required longer durations of stratification for maximum germination. Regardless of the length of stratification, the New Jersey provenance required a 24-hr photoperiod to maximize germination. When averaged over all treatments, total germination for each provenance was greater at 30°/20°C than 25°C (43% vs. 31%).
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Sierra-Lucero, V., S. E. McKeand, D. A. Huber, D. L. Rockwood, and T. L. White. "Performance Differences and Genetic Parameters for Four Coastal Provenances of Loblolly Pine in the Southeastern United States." Forest Science 48, no. 4 (November 1, 2002): 732–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/48.4.732.
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Abstract Provenance-progeny test plantations of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were assessed for survival, height, mean annual increment for volume (MAIV), and fusiform rust infection (caused by Cronartium quercuum [Berk] Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme) at 5, 10 and 15 yr. Each of the 7 sites contained from 6 to 15 open-pollinated families from each of 4 provenances: Atlantic Coastal Plain (ACP), Central Florida (CF), Marion County Florida (MCF), and Gulf Coastal Plain (GCP). The main objectives for establishing these trials were to: (1) characterize the genetic architecture among and within these provenances; and (2) determine the relative genetic worth of these provenances for possible inclusion in advanced-generation breeding programs in the Coastal Plain in the southeastern United States. Provenance and family within provenance effects were strong and highly significant for height and MAIV, but only family effects were significant for rust infection. The Florida provenances were the best growers at all ages and at all sites. The poor growth of the Gulf Coastal Plain provenance compared to the Atlantic Coastal Plain provenance could not be explained by climatic or edaphic differences between the regions of origin. We speculate that gene flow from slower growing sources on the western side of the Mississippi River may be at least partly responsible for the poor growth of the GCP loblolly. Because of the relatively stable performance of the provenances and the families within provenances at each site and across ages, selection of superior families for growth and rust resistance between ages 5 and 10 yr should result in substantial genetic gain in the Coastal Plain. For. Sci. 48(4):732–742.
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Gülcü, Süleyman, and Nebi Bilir. "Growth and Survival Variation among Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.) Provenances." International Journal of Genomics 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1904623.
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Tree height, basal diameter, and survival were examined in thirteen-year-old provenance test established by 30 seed sources of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.) at two exotic sites of the species in Southern part of Turkey. Variations within provenance and among provenances and relations among the traits were estimated to compare Scots pine provenance and two other native species. Averages of tree height and basal diameter were 350 cm and 52.7 mm in Aydogmus site and 385 cm and 51.2 mm in Kemer site, respectively. There were large differences within and among provenances for the characters. Sites were similar (p>0.05) for the characters, while there were significant differences (p≤0.05) among provenances within site according to results of variance analysis (ANOVA). Scots pine provenances were higher and had more thickness than that of black pine (Pinus nigraArnold) and Taurus cedar (Cedrus libaniA. Rich.) which were natural species of the region. There were positive and significant (p<0.05) correlations between height and basal diameter in the species. Average survivals were 56% and 35% of the provenances in the sites. They were 71% and 11% in black pine and 53% in Taurus cedar for the sites respectively.
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Petrík, Peter, Anja Petek, Alena Konôpková, Michal Bosela, Peter Fleischer, Josef Frýdl, and Daniel Kurjak. "Stomatal and Leaf Morphology Response of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Provenances Transferred to Contrasting Climatic Conditions." Forests 11, no. 12 (December 18, 2020): 1359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11121359.
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Climate change-induced elevated temperatures and drought are considered to be serious threats to forest ecosystems worldwide, negatively affecting tree growth and viability. We studied nine European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) provenances located in two provenance trial plots with contrasting climates in Central Europe. Stomata play a vital role in the water balance of plants by regulating gaseous exchanges between plants and the atmosphere. Therefore, to explain the possible adaptation and acclimation of provenances to climate conditions, stomatal (stomatal density, the length of guard cells, and the potential conductance index) and leaf morphological traits (leaf size, leaf dry weight and specific leaf area) were assessed. The phenotypic plasticity index was calculated from the variability of provenances’ stomatal and leaf traits between the provenance plots. We assessed the impact of various climatic characteristics and derived indices (e.g., ecodistance) on intraspecific differences in stomatal and leaf traits. Provenances transferred to drier and warmer conditions acclimated through a decrease in stomatal density, the length of guard cells, potential conductance index, leaf size and leaf dry weight. The reduction in stomatal density and the potential conductance index was proportional to the degree of aridity difference between the climate of origin and conditions of the new site. Moreover, we found that the climate heterogeneity and latitude of the original provenance sites influence the phenotypic plasticity of provenances. Provenances from lower latitudes and less heterogeneous climates showed higher values of phenotypic plasticity. Furthermore, we observed a positive correlation between phenotypic plasticity and mortality in the arid plot but not in the more humid plot. Based on these impacts of the climate on stomatal and leaf traits of transferred provenances, we can improve the predictions of provenance reactions for future scenarios of global climate change.
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Wanders, Tieme H. V., James N. Ofori, Alexander Amoako, Maarten Postuma, Cornelis A. M. Wagemaker, Elmar Veenendaal, and Philippine Vergeer. "Teak genetic diversity in Ghana shows a narrow base for further breeding and a need for improved international collaboration for provenance exchange." Genetic Resources 2, no. 4 (November 10, 2021): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.46265/genresj.ugud8568.
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We evaluated the genetic diversity of teak provenances at a newly established provenance trial with 52 provenances collected from Africa, South America and Asia in Tain II Forest Reserve in Central Ghana. This provenance collection / trial was established to widen the genetic basis for Teak establishment in West Africa. Using Genotyping by Sequencing (GBS) we analysed the genetic diversity of these provenances. Results of the study revealed that, although acquired from a wide geographical range, most Teak provenances in the trial belong to only two distinct groups that are closely related. The implication of this finding is that, for breeding, a wider range of provenances are needed from the original Teak distribution areas and more specifically from Southern India. We conclude that urgent protection of older existing sources of genetic variation in Teak as well as an improvement of international collaboration under the Nagoya protocol with countries with native teak populations is necessary.
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Waite, Carl E., Donald H. DeHayes, Terry L. Turner, David J. Brynn, and William A. Baron. "Black Walnut Seed Sources for Planting in Vermont." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 5, no. 1 (March 1, 1988): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/5.1.40.
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Abstract The growth, phenology, and susceptibility to winter injury of 82 black walnut provenances were compared in a northwestern Vermont provenance test plantation. After seven growing seasons, provenances from MI, central OH, northern IN, and PA exhibit the best combination of growth, budbreak, and winter hardiness characteristics and are recommended for planting in Vermont's Champlain and Connecticut river valleys. Provenances from MI appear to be particularly well-suited to the environment of Vermont's Champlain Valley, as exemplified by a provenance from Volinia, MI which is 26% taller than the plantation average and among the latest to begin growth in spring. Despite fast growth, provenances from KY, IL, and VA do not appear suitable for planting in Vermont because of their relatively early budbreak and high susceptibility to winter injury. Provenances from the Great Plains are not recommended for planting in Vermont due to their relatively slow growth rate and early budbreak. North. J. Appl. For. 5:40-45, March 1988
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Jull, Laura G., Frank A. Blazich, and Thomas G. Ranney. "Heat Tolerance of Selected Provenances of Atlantic White Cedar." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 511e—512. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.511e.
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Uniform seedlings of six provenances (Escambia Co., Ala.; Santa Rosa Co., Fla.; Wayne Co., N.C.; Burlington Co., N.J.; New London Co., Conn.; and Barnstable Co., Mass.) of Atlantic white cedar [Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B. S. P.], were transplanted in Apr. 1997 into 0.95-L plastic containers with a medium of 1 peat: 1 perlite: 1 vermiculite (v/v). Plants were acclimatized at 26/22 °C under a 16-hr photoperiod for 2 weeks before treatment initiation. Fourteen seedlings per provenance were then transferred to each of five growth chambers maintained at 16/8 hr thermoperiods of 22/18 °C, 26/22 °C, 30/26 °C, 34/30 °C, or 38 /34 °C with a 16-hr photoperiod of 550–600 μmolμm–2μs–1. Seedlings were arranged in a split-plot design with a 5 × 6 factorial arrangement of treatments (5 temperatures × 6 provenances). Plants were harvested 12 weeks after treatment initiation and data recorded. Temperature had a significant effect on overall growth with responses to temperature varying according to provenance. There was a highly significant (P ≤ 0.0001) temperature × provenance interaction for height, stem caliper (measured below the lowest leaf), and foliar, stem, root, and shoot (foliar dry weight + stem dry weight) dry weights. Top and root dry weights were maximized for the northern provenances (Connecticut and Massachusetts) at 22/18 °C. At 26/22 °C and 30/26 °C, the northern provenances (Connecticut and Massachusetts) had the lowest top and root dry weights. However, the southern provenances (Alabama, Florida, and North Carolina) had the greatest top dry weights at 26/22 °C. At 30/26 °C, the southern provenances (Alabama and Florida) and the New Jersey provenance had the greatest top dry weights but they were not significantly different from 26/22 °C. Root dry weights were not significantly different between 26/22 °C and 30/26 °C for the Alabama and New Jersey provenances, but were significantly different for the North Carolina and Florida provenances. Regardless of provenance, dramatic reductions occurred for all growth measurements when temperatures exceeded 30/26 °C. For top and root dry weights, there were no significant differences among the six provenances at 34/30 °C and 38/34 °C. All plants at the highest temperatures of 38/34 °C did not survive by week 8.
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Szymański, Norbert, and Sławomir Wilczyński. "Radial Growth Response of European Larch Provenances to Interannual Climate Variation in Poland." Forests 12, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12030334.
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The present study identified the similarities and differences in the radial growth responses of 20 provenances of 51-year-old European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) trees from Poland to the climatic conditions at three provenance trials situated in the Polish lowlands (Siemianice), uplands (Bliżyn) and mountains (Krynica). A chronology of radial growth indices was developed for each of 60 European larch populations, which highlighted the interannual variations in the climate-mediated radial growth of their trees. With the aid of principal component, correlation and multiple regression analysis, supra-regional climatic elements were identified to which all the larch provenances reacted similarly at all three provenance trials. They increased the radial growth in years with a short, warm and precipitation-rich winter; a cool and humid summer and when high precipitation in late autumn of the previous year was noted. Moreover, other climatic elements were identified to which two groups of the larch provenances reacted differently at each provenance trial. In the lowland climate, the provenances reacted differently to temperature in November to December of the previous year and July and to precipitation in September. In the upland climate, the provenances differed in growth sensitivity to precipitation in October of the previous year and June–September. In the mountain climate, the provenances responded differently to temperature and precipitation in September of the previous year and to precipitation in February, June and September of the year of tree ring formation. The results imply that both climatic factors and origin (genotype), i.e., the genetic factor, mediate the climate–growth relationships of larch provenances.
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Larmour, J. S., S. J. Whitfeld, C. E. Harwood, and J. V. Owen. "Variation in frost tolerance and seedling morphology of the spotted gums Corymbia maculata, C. variegata, C. henryi and C. citriodora." Australian Journal of Botany 48, no. 4 (2000): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt98065.
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The frost tolerance of seedlings of spotted gums representing four closely related species; Corymbia maculata (seven provenances), C. variegata (six provenances), C. henryi (one provenance) and C. citriodora (two provenances) was examined. Each provenance of C. maculata, C. variegata and C. henryi was represented by 10 seedlings from each of eight open-pollinated families, while the two C. citriodora provenances were each represented by 40 seedlings from a provenance bulk seedlot. Excised leaf discs from seedlings hardened by exposure to the Canberra winter were subjected to test temperatures of –4.2, –6.1 and –8.0˚C. Damage to the discs was estimated by the electrical conductivity of leachate produced by soaking the disks in water after exposure to freezing temperatures. Exposure to –6.1˚C for 1 h produced leachate conductivities corresponding to 37% of discs receiving lethal injury and gave good discrimination between tolerant and susceptible material. There were significant differences in frost tolerance between species, provenances within species, and between open-pollinated families within provenances. Corymbia variegata displayed significantly greater frost tolerance than the other three species. Species rankings were consistent across the three test temperatures. Inland, high altitude provenances of C. variegata and C. maculata had greater frost tolerance than those from lowland coastal locations, while there were no consistent trends of frost tolerance with latitude in these species. Analysis of seedling morphological characters effectively separated the different species in a manner consistent with the taxonomic review by Hill and Johnson (1995). Characters which separated C. maculata and C. variegata included the leaf pair at which the changeover from juvenile to intermediate leaf morphology occurred and the degree of pubescence of the leaves and stem, leaf size and shape. Corymbia variegata and the southern provenance of C. citriodora were separated only by the citronella scent of C. citriodora, the northern C. citriodora provenance had distinctly different leaf size and shape.Corymbia henryi seedlings had greater stem and leaf pubescence than those of C. maculata as well as distinctly shaped leaves, characterised by having the greatest length from the widest point to the leaf base.
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Bujold, Stephanie J., J. Dale Simpson, John H. J. Beukeveld, and Marc H. Schneider. "Relative Density and Growth of Eleven Norway Spruce Provenances in Central New Brunswick." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 13, no. 3 (September 1, 1996): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/13.3.124.
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Abstract Variation in wood relative density, at 30 and 31 yr, of 11 provenances of Norway spruce planted in a replicated field test in central New Brunswick is presented. Relative density ranged from 0.339 to 0.361 with significant differences among provenances. Height was significantly different among provenances. Wood density was significantly correlated with provenance elevation. North. J. Appl. For. 13(3):124-128.
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Alfaro, Rene I., and Cheng C. Ying. "LEVELS OF SITKA SPRUCE WEEVIL, PISSODES STROBI (PECK), DAMAGE AMONG SITKA SPRUCE PROVENANCES AND FAMILIES NEAR SAYWARD, BRITISH COLUMBIA." Canadian Entomologist 122, no. 4 (August 1990): 607–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent122607-7.
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AbstractVariation in tree height, number of attacks by the Sitka spruce weevil (= white pine weevil) (Pissodes strobi [Peck]), tree form, and stem defect were studied in a 15-year-old Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis [Bong.] Carr.) provenance test near Sayward, on Vancouver Island, B.C. An aggregated spatial distribution of the attacks was found in the plantation. Average number of attacks, tree form, and total tree height varied significantly among provenances and among families within provenances in both light and severe infestation patches. The number of unattacked trees varied by provenance from 5 to 51%, but in patches of severe infestation it varied from 0 to 64%. The number of attacks per tree had a significant negative effect on tree height. However, at the same level of attack, some provenances grew significantly taller than others. Thirty, 19, and 51% of all trees were classified as having a good, medium, or poor form, respectively. Among provenances located in severe infestation patches, the percentages of trees having good form varied from 4 to 64%. The type of defect that formed after an attack (minor crook, major crook, or fork) varied by provenance. Aggregated weevil attack and genetic differences among provenances may have accounted for this variation.
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Rahi, Ali A., Colin Bowling, and Dale Simpson. "A red pine provenance test in northwestern Ontario: 48-year results." Forestry Chronicle 86, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 348–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc86348-3.
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Survival, total height and diameter at breast height (DBH) were measured in the fall of 2005 in a 48-year-old red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) provenance trial growing in northwestern Ontario. There was significant variation in both height and diameter among the 23 provenances. Generally, westerly provenances performed well while those from the Maritime Provinces exhibited relatively poor growth. Considering that the plantation is at the northern biological range of red pine, survival was high, averaging 96% after 48 years. Provenances with the best growth rates exceeded a volume of 420 m3 ha-1. Some provenances from Minnesota and Wisconsin as well as Fort Frances, Ontario exhibited superior growth and should be considered as seed sources for future planting programs in northwestern Ontario. Key words: red pine, provenance test, survival, diameter, height, volume, Northwestern Ontario
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McDermott, J. M., and R. A. Robinson. "Provenance variation for disease resistance in Pseudotsugamenziesii to the Swiss needle-cast pathogen, Phaeocryptopusgaeumannii." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 244–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x89-034.
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Nine provenances of Douglas-fir, Pseudotsugamenziesii, were examined for the presence of Swiss needle-cast pathogen, Phaeocryptopusgaeumannii, in a plantation at the University of British Columbia Research Forest, Haney, B.C. The provenances were represented in a randomized complete block design. A severe epidemic of Swiss needle cast had persisted in the plantation for a number of years. Fructification of the fungus on more than 75% of the foliage provided an opportunity to assess provenance variation in disease resistance. Analysis of variance demonstrated that there are significant differences among provenances in resistance, as indicated by needle retention, to the Swiss needle-cast pathogen. Linear regression indicated a positive relationship between needle loss and the proportion of the remaining needles with pseudothecia. Provenance variation for needle retention and fructifying needles both correlate strongly with rainfall data from the meteorological station nearest to each provenance origin. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that the provenances of Douglas-fir may have evolved in response to selection pressure imposed by the biological stress of Swiss needle-cast disease.
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Stojnic, Srdjan, Sasa Orlovic, Andrej Pilipovic, Dragica Vilotic, Mirjana Sijacic-Nikolic, and Danijela Miljkovic. "Variation in leaf physiology among three provenances of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in provenance trial in Serbia." Genetika 44, no. 2 (2012): 341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1202341s.
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The paper presents the results of investigation of variability of net photosynthesis (A), transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs) and water use efficiency (WUE) of three European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) provenances in the provenance trial established on Fruska Gora Mt. Provenances originate from three localities along a gradient from the north to the south of Europe: Pfalzgrafenweiler (Germany), Grenchen (Swiss) and Valkonya (Hungary). Results indicate that observed parameters were influenced both by environmental conditions of sites and genetic constitution of provenances. On the basis of ANOVA procedure it was observed significant differences among provenances in terms of rate of transpiration (p_0.037) and water use efficiency (p_0.011), while differences regarding net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were not statistically significant. Canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) was performed in order to estimate multivariate relations among analyzed physiological parameters. Provenances were separated by the first canonical axis (CD1), which described 96.4% of variability. Provenance from the driest site (Valkonya) showed the highest water use efficiency, indicating on high potential for afforestation programmes in more arid areas.
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Funck, Philipp, Satindranath Banerjee, and Jack Maze. "The structure of variation and correlations in Abies amabilis from southwestern British Columbia as assessed through a provenance test." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 8 (August 1, 1990): 1796–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-232.
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Four provenances of Abies amabilis (Dougl.) Forbes from southwestern British Columbia planted in 1980 on southern Vancouver Island were compared using the following variables: leader growth in length over 3 different years, leader diameter, needle lengths on the leader and side branches, and internode length. These variables can all be related to specific developmental phenomena. The four provenances were poorly differentiated in all features, aside from internode length. The low among-provenance differentiation parallels the low among-population, half-sib, and full-sib family variation seen in other conifers. However, in spite of the low among-provenance differentiation, the provenances exhibited different correlations among the variables measured.
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Đodan, Martina, Tomislav Dubravac, and Sanja Perić. "Which Douglas-Fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) Provenances Provide the Best Productivity in the Hilly Area of Croatia?" South-east European forestry 10, no. 1 (May 14, 2019): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15177/seefor.19-06.
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Background and Purpose: Recently raised questions on adaptability of native tree species to climate changes pointed to Douglas-fir as a species suitable for rapid reforestation and increase of stand resistance. The first results on provenance research need to be confirmed in later stages of stand development, so the paper answers the following two questions: (i) are there differences in growth of 14 Douglas-fir provenances still in the fifth decade of stand development, and (ii) which provenances should be used and which omitted from further use in the hilly area of Croatia? Materials and Methods: Productivity of 14 provenances was evaluated on the basis of height, diameter at breast height and volume in the 46th year after planting. Growth dynamics was also statistically analysed using a repeated measure analysis of variance, for which purpose we partially used published data from the 2010. Results: The analysis excluded Castle Rock and Shady Cove (Oregon) provenances due to their low values of all analysed growth indicators, as well as Castle Rock, Elma and Hvidilde provenances due to their high values. Average values of tree volume ranged from 0.53 m3 (Shady Cove) to 2.05 m3 (Castle Rock), while the tallest trees belonged to Elma provenance (29.6 m). Conclusions: Different growth dynamics of provenances were confirmed for later development stage, so further monitoring is still required. Clear guidelines for the selection of provenances for practical forestry distinguish provenances from lower altitudes of the State of Washington, Denmark and Bulgaria as the most productive. Shady Cove and Salmon Arm provenances are not advised to be used in the future.
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Rother, Lynn, Fabio Mariani, and Max Koss. "Hidden Value: Provenance as a Source for Economic and Social History." Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 64, no. 1 (April 15, 2023): 111–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2023-0005.
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Abstract Building on the extensive production of provenance data recently, this article explains how we can expand the purview of computational analysis in humanistic and social sciences by exploring how digital methods can be applied to provenances. Provenances document chains of events of ownership and socio-economic custody changes of artworks. They promise statistical and comparative insights into social and economic trends and networks. Such analyses, however, necessitate the transformation of provenances from their textual form into structured data. This article first explores some of the analytical avenues aggregate provenance data can offer for transdisciplinary historical research. It then explains in detail the use of deep learning to address natural language processing tasks for transforming provenance text into structured data, such as Sentence Boundary Detection and Span Categorization. To illustrate the potential of this pioneering approach, this article ends with two examples of preliminary analysis of structured provenance data.
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Alexandru, Alin-Madalin, Georgeta Mihai, Emanuel Stoica, and Alexandru Lucian Curtu. "Multi-Trait Selection and Stability in Norway Spruce (Picea abies) Provenance Trials in Romania." Forests 14, no. 3 (February 22, 2023): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14030456.
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Provenance trials replicated in multiple environments allow the selection of populations with high and stable performances. In this study, two methods have been applied to select stable Norway spruce provenances with high performances in three provenance trials established in Romania in 1972, where 81 provenances have been tested. Four traits were assessed: total and pruned height, diameter at breast height and survival rate. Two multi-trait indices have been used: multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index (MGIDI) for each provenance trial and multi-trait stability index (MTSI) across provenance trials. The selection differential was between 0.2 and 17.8% better than each site means. Several Norway spruce provenances showed stability and high performances, as confirmed by both selection indices. Our results provide valuable information for the genetic improvement program and seed transfer guidelines based on assisted migration in this ecologically and economically important forest tree species.
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Kapoor, K., R. Verma, and R. Rawat. "Performance of different provenances of Populus ciliata Wall. ex Royle in Kullu Valley, Himachal Pradesh." Indian Journal of Forestry 27, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2004-jyd4v9.
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Field trial comprising of fifteen provenances of Populus ciliata Wall. ex Royle was carried out during 1997 at Solang Nallah, Manali (Himachal Pradesh). The study was performed in a Randomized complete Block Design with three replications so as to find the suitable provenance for carrying out afforestation activities in the region and also from agro-forestry point of view. Significant differences with respect to growth performance were observed amongst various provenances. Based on the overall growth in respect of height and diameter provenances, viz. Mussoorie and Kullu Gushani had shown better performance over the remaining provenances under trial. These two provenances have therefore, been recommended for large-scale plantation in Manali region of Kullu Valley, Himachal Pradesh.
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Cervantes, Martha, Eliane Ceccon, and Consuelo Bonfil. "GERMINATION OF STORED SEEDS OF FOUR TREE SPECIES FROM THE TROPICAL DRY FOREST OF MORELOS, MEXICO." Botanical Sciences 92, no. 2 (June 9, 2014): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.96.
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<p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Studies on propagation of trees of Tropical Dry Forests are scarce in Mexico, besides, the provenance of seeds used in reforestation programs is generally unknown or poorly addressed. Knowledge on seed germination patterns of different provenances, and how they change through time, is useful to identify adequate sources of seeds and to develop seed collection and storage programs under the low-tech conditions prevailing in most rural nurseries. We evaluated seed size variation and germination of stored seeds from three different provenances per species in <em>Acacia bilimekii</em>, <em>Haematoxylum brasiletto</em>, <em>Lysiloma acapulcense</em>, and<em> L. divaricatum</em>.<em> </em>Seeds were collected in four sites in the Tropical Dry Forest of Morelos, Mexico, and were stored at room temperature; seed size was estimated through the volume of 75 seeds per provenance/species. Seed germination tests were made periodically from six to 24 months after storage and the effects of provenance and storage time on germination were analyzed using Anovas. There were significant differences in seed size among provenances in all species, while the effect of provenance on germination rate was significant in three of them. Germination rate changed with storage time among species and provenances. After 24 months, germination capacity was still ≥ 50% in all provenances of the two <em>Lysiloma</em> species, but in <em>A.</em> <em>bilimekii</em> there were large differences among provenances. Mean germination capacity was low in <em>H. brasiletto</em> after six months. More research on seed germination and storage of a larger set of species and provenances is needed to restore the Mexican tropical dry forests. </span></span></p>
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Longui, Eduardo Luiz, Israel Luiz de Lima, Ivelize Maciel Andrade, Miguel Luiz Menezes Freitas, Sandra Monteiro Borges Florsheim, Antonio Carlos Scatena Zanatto, and Francides Gomes da Silva Júnior. "Seed provenance influences the wood structure of Gallesia Integrifolia." IAWA Journal 32, no. 3 (2011): 361–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000064.
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Plants from three provenances of Gallesia integrifolia were cultivated under homogeneous growth conditions to determine the effect of seed provenance on the wood density, anatomy and chemical constituents. In 1981, seeds were collected in Ribeirão Preto (RP), Campinas (CA) and Bauru (BA). Seedlings of the three provenances were planted at the Luiz Antonio Station in 1982 and trees were felled in 2008. The plants showed significant differences in their wood, possibly due to different genotypes. The relatively small vessel diameter in CA was associated with a high wood density. The provenances RP and CA did not show radial variation in density, which indicates a more homogeneous wood than BA. To obtain wood with a high density, trees of the provenance CA would be most useful, while wood from the RP and CA provenances would be suitable if a homogeneous wood with minor radial variation were desirable.
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Višnjić, Ćemal, Besim Balić, Velid Halilović, and Fuad Šehić. "VARIATION IN GROWTH AMONG NINE BOSNIAN HERZEGOVINIAN PROVENANCES OF SILVER FIR (Abies alba Mill)." Radovi Šumarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu 49, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54652/rsf.2019.v49.i1.21.
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UDK: 630*232:582.475(497.6)
Provenance experiments with forest trees provide valuable information about the growth and adaptability of population, often transferred from remote geographical regions and various climate conditions. This study researches the growth of nine provenances of silver fir from the area of its natural distribution in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The experiment was established in the year 1991 in the form of a random block system with 5 repetitions. For planting, we used five-year-old seedlings (2/3), and planting spacing was 2x2 m. Each Silver fir provenance was included with 320 plants. Measurement results in the 28th year of age show the existence of variations between silver fir provenances in characteristics; mean height, mean diameter and average tree volume. Silver fir provenance from Bosanski Petrovac showed the best results. The mean height of this Silver fir provenance at the age of 28 was 9.1 m, while the mean diameter was 11.9 cm. Provenances that show the lowest growth (8.1 m) were from Pale, Olovo-Klis and Konjic. Silver fir provenance from Konjic has the lowest mean diameter (10.7 cm). In all provenances, we have had a culmination of height increment in age between 20 and 25 years. Variation between tested silver fir provenances for examined characteristic “mean height” was larger (four groups of population) compared to examined characteristic “mean diameter” (two groups of population). Volume of mean tree (0.062m3) and assortment (111.33 m3/ha) in Bosanski Petrovac provenance was larger than spreadsheet values for the first yield class for Central Europe conditions. The trial shows that silver fir in Bosnia and Herzegovina is variable on the local level due to specific micro-habitual conditions in which it grows.