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1
Banerjee, Mukulika. "A study of the Khudai khidmatgar movement 1930-1947 North West Frontier Province, British India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386474.
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Shāh, Sayyid Vaqār ʿAlī. "Muslim politics in the North-West Frontier Province, 1937-1947." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:25cf19fa-51ab-4020-8bf8-19c339b517f9.
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This dissertation examines Muslim politics in the North-West Frontier Province of India between 1937 and 1947. It first investigates the nature of modern politics in the Frontier Province and its relationship with all-India politics. The N-WFP was the only Muslim majority province which supported the INC in its struggle to represent an Indian nation against the British raj, rather than of joining other Muslims in the AIML. The N-WFP had its own peculiar type of society, distinct from the rest of India. In the Frontier Province, Islam wa? iaierwoven to such an extent with Pashtoon society that it formed an essential and integral part of it; and the Pashtoons 1 sense of separate ethnic identity, within the bounds and framework of Islam, become an acknowledged fact. In this Muslim majority province, there was no fear of Hindu domination, as was prevalent among Muslims in Hindu majority provinces. This was a principal reason for the initial failure of ML to acquire support in the FP. The study also explores the rise of the Khudai Khidmatgars and the reasons for the preference of majority of the N-WFP Muslims for Congress. It argues that the coming together of the KKs and the Congress gave the former popularity, and an ally in all-India politics and the latter a significant base of support in a Muslim majority province. It elucidates the changing political contexts of the period 1937-47 and shows how loyalties were contingent on these circumstances. It is therefore not just about Frontier politics, but, at a deeper level, about the nature of evolving political identities in the sub-continent. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the All-India National Congress 'desertion' of the Frontier people on the eve of partition, the dismissal of the provincial Congress ministry by Jinnah, and the deeply ambiguous positions of the KKs in the context of the new nation of Pakistan.
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Godsmark, Oliver James. "Citizenship, community and the state in western India : the moulding of a Marathi-speaking province, 1930s-1950s." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4958/.
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This thesis examines how ideas about citizenship emerged out of the mutually constitutive relationship between the ‘everyday’ state and society in the specific region of Maharashtra, western India. By concentrating upon Maharashtra between the 1930s and 1950s, it looks to provide new perspectives upon the construction of citizenship in India during this formative period, thereby complementing, building upon and re-contextualising recent scholarship that has been principally interested in deciphering the repercussions of independence and partition in the north of the subcontinent. This thesis suggests that the reasons why Maharashtrians supported the reorganisation of provincial administrative boundaries on linguistic lines were intrinsically linked to ideas and performances of citizenship that had emerged in the past few decades at the local level. Despite the state’s interactions with its citizens being theoretically based upon accountability, objectivity and egalitarianism, they often diverged from these hyperbolical principles in practice. Because local state actors, who were drawn from amongst regional societies themselves, came to be subjected to pressures from particular sub-sets, groups, factions and communities within this regional society, or shared the same exigencies and sentimental concerns as its ordinary members of the public, the circumstances in which citizenship was conceptualised, articulated and enacted within India differed from one location to the next. Perceptions of the state amongst ordinary Indians, and their sense of belonging to and relationship with it were thus formulated in the discrepant spaces between the state’s high-sounding morals and values, and its regionally specific customs and practices on the ground.
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Sengupta, Tania. "Producing the province : colonial governance and spatial cultures in district headquarter towns of Eastern India 1786-c.1900." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2010. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/907x0/producing-the-province-colonial-governance-and-spatial-cultures-in-district-headquarter-towns-of-eastern-india-1786-c-1900.
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Erramilli, Bala Prasad. "Disaster Management in India: Analysis of Factors Impacting Capacity Building." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_diss/15.
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Governments are responsible for administrative arrangements dealing with disasters. Effective policies play a vital role in mitigating the impact of disasters and reducing likely losses of life and property. Yet, it had been noted that such losses were increasing, raising questions about efficacy of government policies and the factors that made them effective. This study adopted a comparative method, responding to a long-standing demand of disaster research, for examining the record in India. There were noticeable differences among its states, with some having undertaken comprehensive reform in an all-hazards approach, while others continued with old policies. This research studied four states with the objective of identifying variables that were critical in undertaking policy reform for building capacities. The roles of economic resources, democratically decentralized institutions, political party systems and focusing events were examined. Findings revealed that these factors had varying impact on state capabilities. Economic resources were an inevitable part of disaster management, but did not necessarily translate into policy reform. Panchayati Raj Institutions, which were democratically decentralized bodies, displayed tremendous potential. However, their role was limited mostly to the response phase, with states severely circumscribing their involvement. The nature of political party systems was able to explain policy reform to an extent. Cohesive systems in Gujarat, Tamil Nadu and Orissa correlated with administrative capacities, unlike in fragmented Bihar. However, anti-incumbency sentiments and strong community mobilization impacted contestation more than electoral salience of public goods. The most nuanced and significant explanation was provided by experience of focusing events. States that suffered major disasters revealed unmistakable evidence of double-loop learning, leading to comprehensive policy reform and capacity building. This research provides empirical support to theory about the role of focusing events and organizational learning in policy reform. Methodologically, it underscores the importance of the comparative approach, and its successful application in a federal framework. The significance of this research is most for policy makers and practitioners, as it serves to alert them on the need for reform without waiting for the next big disaster to catch them unprepared.
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Schöbel, Stefan [Verfasser], and Helga de [Akademischer Betreuer] Wall. "Influence of remanent magnetization on magnetic fabrics and inferred magma flow patterns – Significance for flood basalts of the Deccan Large Igneous Province in India / Stefan Schöbel. Gutachter: Helga de Wall." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2014. http://d-nb.info/1075744156/34.
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Gooptu, Nandini. "The political culture of the urban poor : the United Provinces between the two World Wars." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271909.
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Bouvet, Phaedra. "Interactions culturelles entre l’Asie du Sud-Est et l’Inde aux 4e-2e s. av. J.-C. : étude technologique des céramiques de Khao Sam Kaeo (Thaïlande péninsulaire, province de Chumphon)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100087/document.
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Longtemps, l’indianisation a été considérée comme un phénomène historique de transfert d’éléments artistiques, politiques et religieux de l’Inde vers l’Asie du Sud-Est. Or, de plus en plus, la protohistoire de l’Asie du Sud-Est apparaît comme une période clef du processus d’acculturation. C’est ce que suggère l’interprétation sociale des transferts techno-morpho-stylistiques d’origine indienne identifiés au sein de l’assemblage céramique de Khao Sam Kaeo. En effet, elle conduit à penser que le passage de traits culturels indiens a résulté d’une assimilation sélective de la part des autochtones. Elle suggère également que ces traits étaient réinterprétés afin d’être mis au service de représentations locales : à Khao Sam Kaeo, les formes de la transculturation, non fondées sur des rapports de domination, pourraient s’être exercées comme une appropriation identitaire des traits de culture indienne. Si notre travail semble montrer que les élites ont été les vecteurs majeurs des emprunts faits à l’Inde, il témoignerait également du rôle primordial joué par les artisans, dont certains, d’origine indienne, auraient travaillé sous le patronat d’élites locales. Le travail sur place d’artisans exogènes implique une réponse importante de l’Inde dans les échanges, ce qui contrecarre la vision unilatérale de ces derniers, laquelle ne tient pas compte de l’impact des sociétés sud-est asiatiques sur celles du sous-continent indien. Au cours de la protohistoire, les réseaux tournés vers le Golfe du Bengale se sont entremêlés avec ceux de la mer de Chine Méridionale. L’étude des céramiques de Khao Sam Kaeo suggère que ces échanges ont induit le déplacement de certains groupes sociaux (migrants, marchands, artisans) : l’analyse de la distribution interne des différentes traditions céramiques montre que les acteurs étrangers étaient cantonnés à certaines zones du site et témoigne du rôle résolument actif des populations locales, qui se sont adaptées à la présence d’étrangers en structurant l’espace proto-urbain<br>For a long time, indianisation was considered as a historical phenomenon involving the transfer of artistic, political, and religious elements from India to Southeast Asia. But increasingly, Southeast Asian protohistory appears to be a key period in the acculturation process. This is suggested by the social interpretation of techno-morpho-stylistic transfers of Indian origin that have been identified at the heart of the ceramic assemblage of Khao Sam Kaeo. Indeed, it shows that the transfer of Indian cultural traits may result from selective assimilation by the indigenous peoples. It also reveals that these cultural traits were probably reinterpreted in order to be placed at the service of local representations: at Khao Sam Kaeo, the forms of transculturation were not based on relations of domination. If this study shows that the elites were probably the major vectors of cultural borrowings from India, it also suggests the primordial role played by craftsmen, some of whom were probably Indian and would have worked under the patronage of local elites. The work of exogenous potters at Khao Sam Kaeo indicates that India played an important role in trade, a contention that challenges the unilateral view of trade, which ignores the impact of Southeast Asian societies on those of the Indian subcontinent. During the protohistory, trade networks oriented towards the Bay of Bengal intermingled with those of the South China Sea. The study of Khao Sam Kaeo’s ceramics seems to show that these exchanges induced the movement of certain social groups (migrants, merchants, craftsmen): analysis of the internal distribution of different ceramic traditions shows that foreign people were confined to certain areas of the site and may testifies to the resolutely active role of the local populations, which structured the proto-urban space adapting to the presence of foreigners in trans-Asiatic exchanges
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Jones, Justin Rhys. "The Shi'a Muslims of the United Provinces of India, c 1890-1940." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/238495.
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This dissertation examines religious, social and political change among the Shia Muslims of the United Provinces of colonial India, c. 1890-1940. Focusing especially upon the towns of Lucknow and Amroha but discussing the region as a whole, it traces the formation of a community identity among Shia Muslims, and questions how disparate Shi'a populations were able to construct a consciousness of solidarity. The dissertation is based on a combination of archival and printed sources in English and Urdu. The first chapter assesses processes of sectarian organisation and the formation of a number of Shia institutions and societies in Lucknow in the thirty year period from 1890, including several madrasas and the All India Shi'a Conference. The second chapter examines manifestations of religious renewal among Indian Shi'as. Forms of religious proselytisation are discussed, particularly the contribution of the printing press and the changing role of preaching. The development of religious conflict is outlined, through examinations of religious debates and the reformation of Muharram rites. A third chapter examines Shia responses to the so-called 'Aligarh movement', considering reactions to educational reform and the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College at Aligarh. A fourth chapter discusses Shia responses to the campaigns of jihadand pan-Islamism current among many Muslims in the early twentieth century. Together, these two chapters demonstrate the expansion and politicisation of sectarian differences, and the attempts by some Shi'as to organise separately from wider Muslim institutions. The final chapter assesses a series of Shi'a-Sunni conflicts in Lucknow in the 1930s. It examines some of the contributory factors and discusses the conflicts in the light of the processes of sectarian organisation discussed in earlier chapters. The conclusion evaluates the implications of the thesis for our understanding of Indian Shia Muslims and, more generally, of sectarian identities and conflicts in Indian Islam.
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Hillou, Farah. "Predictors of excess weight gain among children participating in the Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112635.
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The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of excess weight gain among children participating in the Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project (KSDPP). Study objectives were addressed in a secondary analysis of data collected from 1994 to 2004. Mean BMI percentiles and relative weight values increased over time in repeat cross-sectional analyses. Participants followed longitudinally were split into two groups: (1) children gaining weight at ≤ the median value of weight for their age, sex and height (n=86); (2) children gaining > the median value (n=177). Therefore, two-thirds of the participants were gaining weight greater than the norm. Among boys only, those in the higher weight group were heavier for their age, sex and height at the start of their follow-up period. No significant differences were observed in reported dietary intake, physical activity levels or screen time between children in the two weight gain groups.
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Salmon, Laura. "Contribution of foods to nutrient intakes of grades 4-6 students participating in Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project 1994, 1998 and 2002." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80872.
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This study assessed the diets of participants in the Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project (KSDPP). Data were gathered from three cross-sectional surveys of students in grades four to six in the Mohawk community of Kahnawake. Single 24-hour recall interviews were conducted in 2002 (n = 151), 1998 (n = 153) and 1994 (n = 164). Mean number of servings of Vegetables and Fruits (3.6 per day), Milk Products (1.6 per day), and Meat and Alternatives (1.5 per day) were found to be below ranges recommended by Canada's Food Guide to Healthy Eating. Correspondingly, mean intakes of fibre, calcium and vitamin D were found to be below Adequate Intake references. Positive changes detected include a decrease in soda consumption and a shift toward whole grains. Results indicate that improved nutrient intakes will require closer adherence to the principles of Canada's Food Guide to Healthy Eating. KSDPP intervention staff are using results as a basis for intervention.
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Trifonopoulos, Mary. "Anthropometry and diet of Mohawk schoolchildren in Kahnawake." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23946.
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Anthropometry, dietary intakes and food preferences of Mohawk children in Kahnawake were studied. Overweight, defined by body mass index at and above the 85th percentile of United States all-race children was 29.6% in boys and 32.8% in girls aged 5 to 12 years; rates were generally lower than those reported for Native North American schoolchildren using same criterion. Compared with U.S. data, there were greater differences in subscapular than triceps skinfold thicknesses, suggesting a more central distribution of subcutaneous fat. Mean energy intakes of Grades 4 to 6 children were adequate to achieve normal growth, and height-for-age and weight-for-height showed no evidence of malnutrition. Mean fat intake as a percentage of total energy was lower than average seen in North American schoolchildren ($<$35% at p $<$ 0.001). Twenty percent of children reported consumption of traditional or cultural Mohawk food. Children had a high preference for most of 24 food items assessed.
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Pandit, Aishwarya. "From United Provinces to Uttar Pradesh : heartland politics 1947-70." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709289.
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Maraj-Guitard, Arianne. "Aspirations of West Indian parents towards their children's education." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61331.
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The purpose of this study is to explore the aspirations of parents of elementary children of Caribbean background in Montreal. Several studies show that these children tend to do poorly in Canadian schools. Research indicates that a significant variable in the home environment which influences school performance is the aspirations of parents for their children. The aspirations can be manifested through parental encouragement and are influenced by factors such as culture, class and/or ethnicity.<br>A sample of 20, English speaking West Indian parents agreed to participate in this research. An interview protocol was used to collect the data by telephone. The semi-structured interview was based on questionnaires used in similar studies and from issues emerging from the literature review.<br>The findings show that despite West Indian parents' high aspirations, their socioeconomic and/or ethnic status influence the outcome. They feel disadvantaged in a society where the realization of their perceptions of success are dependent on their ethnic status vis-a-vis the dominant group. Despite human rights legislation and multicultural policy, these parents anticipated racial and socioeconomic disadvantages for their children. The language factor in Quebec is seen as compounding the problem for English speaking Canadians of Caribbean origin.
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Jimenez, M. Michelle (Maria Michelle). "Evaluation of dietary change among Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project participating children (grades 4-6)." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30673.
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This study assessed change in the dietary intake and weight, height and body mass index (BMI. kg/ml) measurements of children (grades 4--6) who have participated in the Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Program (KSDPP). Children from two independent cross sectional samples were assessed at baseline in 1994 (n = 156) and in 1998 (n = 146). Diet was assessed using a single 24-hour recall. Results showed no overall change in energy, fat and sucrose intake. Food groups were created as indicators of diet quality. Results showed a decrease in the frequency of consumption of foods in the high fat food group (p < 0.05) and an increase in the average amount of white sugar consumed (p < 0.05). A decrease in the number of servings of fruit was shown, but also a trend towards their increased frequency of consumption. No significant changes were found in weight, height or BMI. Dietary and anthropometric data were combined but results showed no significant changes in diet by BMI category. Changes in diet are challenging to both measure and implement. These results could be used to identify more specific future interventions.
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Pehrsson, Sally Jane. "Deposition, deformation and preservation of the Indin Lake supracrustal belt, Slave Province, Northwest Territories." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0007/NQ31947.pdf.
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Gross, Victoria. "Reconstructing Tamil masculinities : Kāvaṭi and Viratam among Sri Lankan men in Montréal". Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116131.
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This thesis examines masculinity in the Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora through two ritual practices, kavat&dotbelow;i and viratam. I argue that these practices are expressions of masculine identity and articulations of anxiety rooted in the refugee experience. Kavat&dotbelow;i, a ritual piercing and ecstatic dance, and viratam, a rigorous fast, reconstruct masculinities fragmented by expatriation and the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka. Through ritual performance, men fashion themselves as the selfless heroes of traditional Tamil literature without negating their fluency as modern Tamil-Canadians. By voicing rupture and enacting reprieve, the men who perform these rites incur individual catharsis. New non-Brahmin masculine identities that draw their authority from renunciation and asceticism as opposed to social privilege emerge in this diasporic context. Employing analyses of literature, political propaganda, and ethnography this thesis demonstrates the powerful relationship between ritual performance and masculine identity. In kavat&dotbelow;i and viratam, the male body becomes the site of contested personal, political, and religious narratives.
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Randive, Bharat. "Study of conditional cash transfer programme Janani Suraksha Yojana for promotion of institutional births : Studies from selected provinces of India." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och global hälsa, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-112844.
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Background: To accelerate the coverage of skilled birth attendance, in 2005, the Indian government initiated a conditional cash transfer (CCT) programme, Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) that provides cash to women upon delivering in health facilities. The attempt to increase the utilization of facilities through the JSY, given the health system’s fragile state, has raised concerns about the programme’s success at achieving its intended goal of reducing maternal mortality ratio (MMR). Aim: To understand the implementation of the CCT policy to promote institutional births in India, with a special focus on nine of India’s poorer states. Methods: Thesis uses both quantitative and qualitative methods. The changes in coverage and inequalities in institutional births in the nine states following the initiation of JSY were analysed by comparing levels before and during the programme using state and district level data. The association between the coverage of institutional births and MMR was assessed using regression analysis (I). The change in socioeconomic inequalities in institutional births was estimated using the concentration index and concentration curve, and contributions of different factors to inequalities was computed by decomposition analysis (II). The quality of referral services was studied by conducting a survey of health facilities (n=96) and post-partum women (n=1182) in three districts of Madhya Pradesh. Conditional logistic regression was used to study the association between maternal referrals and adverse birth outcomes, while spatial data for referrals were analysed using Geographical Information Systems (III). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with government and non-government stakeholders (n=11) to explore their perceptions of the JSY, and the data were analysed using a thematic framework approach (IV). Results: In five years, institutional births increased significantly from a pre-programme average of 20% to 49%. However, no significant association between district-level institutional birth proportions and MMR was found (I). The inequality in access to institutional delivery care, although reduced since the introduction of JSY, still persists. Differences in male literacy, availability of emergency obstetric care (EmOC) in public facilities and poverty explained 69% of the observed inequality. While MMR has decreased in all areas since the introduction of JSY, it has declined four times faster in the richest areas than in the poorest (II). Adjusted odds for adverse birth outcomes among those referred were twice than in those who were not referred (AOR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1-6.6). A spatial analysis of the inter-facility transfer time indicated that maternal deaths occurred despite good geographic access to EmOC facilities (III). While most health officials considered stimulus in the form of JSY money to be essential to promote institutional births, non-government stakeholders criticised JSY as an easy way of addressing basic developmental issues and emphasised the need for improvements to health services, instead. Supply-side constraints and poor care quality were cited as key challenges to programme success, also several implementation challenges were cited (IV). Conclusions: Although there was a sharp increase in coverage and a decline in institutional delivery care inequalities following the introduction of JSY, the availability of critical care is still poor. CCT programmes to increase service utilization need to be essentially supported by the provision of quality health care services, in order to achieve their intended impacts on health outcomes.
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Charland, Philippe. "Définition et reconstitution de l'espace territorial du nord-est amériquain : la reconstruction de la carte du W8banaki par la toponymie abénakise au Québec Aln8baïwi Kdakina-- notre monde à la manière abénakise." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85138.
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This thesis relates to the reconstitution and the definition of the Northeast of America's territorial space. The main objective is the reconstruction of the Abenaki's territorial map, one of the aboriginal nations who live in this region. Supported by the essence of identity expressed through the original Abenaki toponymy within le territoire quebecois, it was possible to trace their historical territory, the W8banaki . By examining systematically the historical, cartographical and geographical sources available, it was possible to collect more than 1000 toponyms of Abenaki origin; they referring to more than 800 geographical entities. Based on this gazetteer the toponymic classification was carried based on the toponyms' character; the toponyms were then placed on maps. Related to the presence of Abenaki in various sources, the complementarity of the data established the effective presence of the Abenaki within a definite territory in Quebec according to the historical sources that the European colonists preserved.<br>Being mainly and everywhere dispersed throughout southernmost Quebec, the toponyms of Abenaki origin follow a pattern strongly linked to the rivers. The highest concentration of Abenaki toponyms lies on the southern bank of the St. Lawrence River, which is included in the original territory. The toponyms follow mainly the limit of the Richelieu River to the west and appear down to the Bas-Saint-Laurent in the east. However, the Malecite presence at the same area does not allow the identification of this zone with precision. On the north bank of the St. Lawrence, the two extensions that hold the attention are the Outaouais, where the presence of Abenaki toponyms is recent and not based on settlement and Mauricie, which corresponds to the hunting practices in these territories.<br>The conclusion is that the southern bank of the St. Lawrence River has been Abenaki territory from the Richelieu River to the Bas-Saint-Laurent from 17th century to the beginning of the 21st century. During the 20th century the Bas-Saint-Laurent is the easternmost zone where Abenaki toponyms are established. On the northern side, the Saint-Maurice River constitutes a zone of Abenaki occupation only since the 19th century and in the Outaouais it can be traced back to the 20 th century. It is almost totally the southernmost territory of Quebec with the concentration of 80% of its population that constitutes an indigenous world that had entirely been lost in memory, conscience and presence at the same time.
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Simpson, Audra. "To the reserve and back again : Kahnawake Mohawk narratives of self, home and nation." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84681.
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This dissertation investigates the social and cultural contours of citizenship and nationhood of Kahnawake Mohawks. The central question that I seek to answer is "What other narratives of nationhood and citizenship are there than those of membership in the American or Canadian states?" Mohawks and other Iroquois nations have long asserted their ideological, and in the case of some, economic independence from the governments of Canada and the United States. My multi-sited research illustrates that this historical assertion is more than rhetoric; it is also a practice or " praxis," as Mohawks configure citizenship across the imposed borders that separate their reserves from cities and states from states. This dissertation engages contemporary theories of nationhood, historical and contemporary ethnographic literature on the Iroquois, as well as contemporary literature in political theory and policy to examine the gendered and sometimes racialized contours of Indigenous nationhood and citizenship across borders. Kahnawake Mohawk narratives and the choices that they entail have implications for the way that all "post-colonial" nationals attempt to imagine and construct their place and their membership within and beyond the boundaries of their communities and that of the state.
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Brunger, Fern M. "Safeguarding Mother Tamil in multicultural Quebec : Sri Lankan legends, Canadian myths, and the politics of culture." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28425.
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I examine the concept of "culture" being promoted in the Canadian policy of multiculturalism and by Tamil refugees safeguarding their culture in Quebec. I take culture in its relation to power as my focus. I explore what culture means to the Tamils, and how the Canadian ideology of multiculturalism is implicated in the way Tamil "culture keepers" (re)construct their cultural identity.<br>This research addresses popular "multiculturalism" movements which use anthropological notions of culture but fail to problematize the notion of culture itself. I illustrate how and why the concept of culture is itself culturally embedded and historically shaped, and thus dense with political implications.<br>It also addresses anthropological approaches which avoid realist ethnography because of its political implications. I argue that a focus on culture in its relation to power is necessary in order to examine anthropology's own continuing involvement in imperialism.
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Van, Staden Wilma. "Limnoecology of the freshwater algal genera (excluding diatoms) on Marion Island (sub-Antarctic) / Wilma van Staden." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9861.
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The aim of this study was to identify the algal genera found in the different freshwater bodies on Marion Island, to relate the presence or absence of the genera to the chemistry of the water bodies and to group the genera according to their limno-chemical preferences. The Island's freshwater algal genera were also compared with genera found on other Southern Ocean islands.
The major factors influencing the chemical composition of the freshwaters of the island are the surrounding ocean and the manuring of seals and seabirds. The Western and Southern lakelets and wallows had higher mean conductivity values than most of the other water bodies. Eastern Inland lakelets, crater lakes and glacial lakes had low ion and nutrient concentrations, since they are mainly situated inland, away from bird or seal colonies. The chemical composition of wallows was influenced by manuring of seals and seabirds. The freshwaters are acidic and lakelets tend to be more acidic than glacial lakes. The lentic waters were more acidic than the stream.
In total, 106 genera, mainly belonging to Chlorophyta (60 genera; 56% of total) and Cyanophyta (29 genera; 27% of total), were found in the freshwaters on the island. Other algal divisions found were Chrysophyta (7 genera), Euglenophyta (4 genera), Pyrrophyta (2 genera) and Xanthophyta (4 genera). Mean number of genera per sample ranged from 8 (in wallows) to 16 (in Eastern Inland lakelets). Filamentous algae were present in all the samples. Abundant green algae were Cosmarium, Klebsormidium, Mougeotia and Oedogonium. The most common cyanobacteria were Lyngbya and Chroococcus. The filamentous yellow-green alga, Tribonema, was also common.
There were distinct differences in the algal composition between the southern, western and northern lakelets and the lakelets on the eastern side of the island. Sixty percent of the algal genera were present in waters with low conductivity values. Trichodesmium, Sphaerocystis and Tolypothrix occurred in freshwater bodies with higher conductivity values.
Variance analysis showed that 87 of the 106 genera were less likely to occur in nitrogen and phosphate containing waters. Chlamydomonas, Prasiola, Spirogyra Trachelomonas, Tribonema, Ulothrix and Xanthidium were among the genera commonly found in nitrogen and phosphate containing waters. Diversity (number of genera per sample) was negatively correlated with conductivity, PO4-P, NH4-N and NO3-N. Diversity declined significantly with increasing salinity and eutrophication. Genera likely to occur in acidic waters include Binuclearia, Chlamydomonas, Chroococcus, Cosmarium, Klebsormidium, Microspora, Oedogonium, Oocystis, Prasiola, Scenedesmus, Staurastrum, Stigeoclonium, Tetrastrum, Ulothrix, Lyngbya, Synura and Tribonema.
Marion Island’s algal flora shows a high affinity with that of Îles Kerguelen and Crozet, both located in the same biogeographical province (South Indian Ocean Province) of the sub-Antarctic than Marion Island, and a lesser affinity with islands in other sub-Antarctic provinces. Algal genera were grouped according to their limno-chemistry preferences.<br>Thesis (MSc (Environmental Sciences))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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Drescher, Olivia. "Gene-environment study on PON1 serum activity and methylmercury exposure among Indian Cree adults." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28685/28685.pdf.
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Woolf, Kurtus Steven. "Pre-Eruptive Conditions of the Oligocene Wah Wah Springs Tuff, Southeastern Great Basin Ignimbrite Province." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2586.pdf.
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Annasawmy, Pavanee. "Community composition, migration and trophic positions of micronekton in two biogeochemical provinces of the South West Indian Ocean." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19970.
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Inlcudes bibliographical references<br>Micronekton fauna was investigated as part of a multi-disciplinary research project carried out in two different bioregions of the South West Indian Ocean: the East African Coastal Province (EAFR) and the Indian South Subtropical Gyre (ISSG). Food web structure was addressed using stable isotopes. Since particulate organic matter had high δ 15 N values in the ISSG province, copepods were chosen as baseline in trophic level estimations. Feeding regime and size were shown to influence the trophic position of micronekon. In the ISSG, carnivores (fishes and squids) and omnivores (crustaceans) had higher δ 15 N values and trophic positions than filter feeder s (gelatinous organisms such as salps and pyrosomes) and detritivores (leptocephali larvae). Fishes and squids encompassed a wide range of overlapping isotopic niches suggesting that organisms across different trophic levels feed on the same resources. Estimated trophic levels ranged from 1.67 to 4.73, showing that micronekton in the ISSG can be tertiary consumers. An average enrichment value of 6.7 ‰ was recorded between the sampled micronekton specimens and swordfish Xiphias gladius in the ISSG. Trawls, being selective in nature, were shown to sa mple smaller - sized micronekton with a lower trophic position than the micronekton being eaten by swordfish. In the EAFR, mean δ 15 N values of micronekton were higher than in the ISSG, exhibiting slightly higher trophic levels. Mesoscale dynamics in the EAFR provide mechanisms that enrich surface layers in nutrients and chlorophyll - a, therefore contributing to a higher abundance and micronekton species richness. In the ISSG, the large - scale wind - driven anticyclonic gyre pushes the nitracline, thermocline and deep chlorophyll maximum deeper in the water column , influencing the diel migration patterns of micronekton , with a significant proportion of micronekton staying in deep layers or slightly above the thermocline at dusk . Regardless of the differences in the ISSG and EAFR in δ 15 N values and trophic positions of micronekton, larger - sized swordfish sampled from these two provinces had similar mean δ 15 N values since swordfish are highly migratory and forage in different p arts of the Indian Ocean. However, smaller - sized swordfish specimens had lower mean δ 15 N values. With a combination of trawl surveys, stable isotope estimates, stomach content and acoustic analyses, this study shed new light on trophic interactions in the oligotrophic ISSG province.
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Ayala, Bendezú Teodosio. "Proyecto de instalación de una planta de procesamiento de tuna en el distrito de Chincho provincia de Angaraes departamento de Huancavelica." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3162.
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Para el desarrollo de este trabajo se han considerado variables como: investigaciones de mercado, procedimientos técnicos y económicos del néctar de tuna.
El estudio de mercado nacional nos indica que la mayor parte de la producción nacional de néctar es de durazno y mango, cuyas calidades no son buenas. Estudios realizados en el año 2 006 nos indica que ese año hubo una demanda 107 324 toneladas y para el año 2 010 habrá una demanda proyectada de 284 833 ton/año.
El tamaño de planta determinado es de 169 Toneladas/año (558 600 botellas de 0,3 L) y estará ubicada en el distrito de Chincho de, Provincia de Angaraes, departamento de Huancavelica; latitud sur 12º58'29”, latitud oeste 74º21'54”.
El distrito de Chincho cuenta con 1 550 ha de tuna silvestre, equivalente a 9 427 toneladas de fruta de tuna de los cuales sólo se usará el 20% (1 885 toneladas/año) y sólo 188 toneladas de fruta es para néctares, por otro lado el distrito de Chincho limita con las provincias de Huanta y Huamanga, que son las mayores productoras de tuna del departamento de Ayacucho, por lo que la disponibilidad de materia prima es superior a la requerida.
Teniendo en cuenta el delicado aroma y sabor de la fruta, en la elaboración del producto, se ha empleado la tecnología de conservación por métodos combinados (Temperatura de pasteurización de 80-85Cº, durante 5-10 minutos.<br>Tesis
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Monsinee, Attavanich. "A Study of Living Conditions in Post-Tsunami Houses: The Case of the Moklen Ethnic Minority in Phang Nga Province, Southern Thailand." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/217215.
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Smith, Mary 1977. "Representation and power : "The eastern door"." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79809.
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This thesis explores processes of self-representation in Indigenous media by analyzing the work of a weekly newspaper, The Eastern Door, of the Mohawk community of Kahnawake, Quebec (Canada). The thesis examines articulations of power in relations between State and Aboriginal communities, demonstrating the importance of such a medium for the conceptualization of Aboriginal Nation and construction of identity in the contemporary context. The Eastern Door is an important vehicle for communicating Mohawk identity and nationhood, a role it consciously plays, as part of its commitment to political autonomy. Its commitment is shown by its discursive explorations: of avenues, themes chosen, concerns expressed and language used. An element of this commitment is an emphasis on collective and individual behaviour, and on "being" as an expression of Mohawk identity, both of which provide powerful bases of action for the community and in relations with the State. If this thesis underlines that State interest and power are an influence on these processes, it also demonstrates that the Mohawk engagement with cultural politics is influential itself, allowing the Mohawks to develop political strategies vis-a-vis the State, and even to impose political agendas that have to be engaged with by the government.
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Kipf, Andrea [Verfasser]. "Enigmatic Intraplate Volcanism : a geochronological and geochemical approach for the Marie Byrd Seamounts (Antarctica) and the Christmas Island Seamount Province (Indian Ocean) / Andrea Kipf." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1144955165/34.
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Hirzy, Jacques. "Le père Isidro de La Asuncion, visiteur de la province carmélitaine de Nouvelle-Espagne, et son "Itinerario a Indias" (1673-1679) : édition critique et traduction." Paris, EHESS, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988EHES0335.
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Edition critique et traduction en francais de "l'itineraire aux indes", manuscrit du pere fray isidro de la asuncion, carme dechaux espagnol, visiteur de la province de saint-albert de nouvelle-espagne. Le manuscrit comprend le recit de son voyage au mexique celui de son long sejour dans la province carmelitaine de saint-albert et celui de son voyage de retour en espagne et couvre la periode complete de sa visite (1673-1679). Notre travail comporte, dans son premier volume, outre une etude preliminaire, la transcription en espagnol moderne du manuscrit du pere isidro, sa traduction en francais et un important appareil critique (556 notes) qui eclaire son contenu, suivi d'une abondante bibliographie (308 titres). Nous publions aussi, dans un volume d'annexes, la transcription paleographique du manuscrit du pere isidro, suivie de celle d'une partie du livre des chapitres et definitoires de la province de saint-albert des indes (60 feuillets), qui couvre toute la periode de la visite du pere isidro en nouvelleespagne (1673-1679). Nous avons incorpore aussi dans ce volume d'annexes, un certain nombre de documents qui completent l'appareil critique du premier volume (cartes, plans, tableaux, etc. ).
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Hirzy, Jacques. "Le Père Isidro de la Asunción, visiteur de la province carmélitaine de Nouvelle-Espagne et son "itinerario a Indias", 1673-1679 édition critique et traduction /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376143200.
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Weinzettle, Christina. "Proving the Applicability of the Theory of Regulation and the Economic Theory of Regulatory Constraint to American Indian Studies (AIS): A Case Study in Federal Indian Law and Policy." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193254.
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The Theory of Regulation and the Economic Theory of Regulatory Constraint have not yet been adapted by American Indian Studies scholars to explain and analyze the federal regulations connected with Federal Indian Law and Policy. It is the intention of this thesis to prove the applicability of these theories to the law and policy concentration of American Indian Studies. The adaptation of these two theories could impact how federal regulations affecting Indian Country are viewed and interpreted. An examination of Federal Indian policy, specifically the regulations (43 CFR 10) promulgated for the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) and the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) Section 106 tribal consultation processes (36 CFR PART 800) can provide a case study for understanding the applicability of the Theory of Regulation and the Economic Theory of Regulatory Constraint to a common regulatory process in Federal Indian Law.
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Sari, Siswani [Verfasser]. "The governmental and non-governmental approaches to maintain medium and long-term disaster resilience after a mega-disaster : Case study: Aceh Province, Indonesia after 2004 the Indian Ocean Tsunami / Siswani Sari." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1194464785/34.
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Silva, Marina Gris da. "O “indio historiador” da redução de São Luís : escrita e autoria a partir do relato de Crisanto Neranda (1754-1772)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/170398.
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Esta dissertação parte de dois eixos de investigação: um deles é Crisanto Neranda, um Guarani letrado das missões jesuíticas do Paraguai, membro de uma congregação e integrante da administração da redução de São Luís; o outro, um relato escrito que é atribuído a esse sujeito. Esse registro narra as situações que Crisanto teria vivenciado no ano de 1754 após ser capturado por portugueses durante os conflitos conhecidos como “Guerra Guaranítica”, que estão associados à demarcação do Tratado de Madri (1750). O texto, no entanto, não se restringe a esse momento específico, pois o relato foi instrumentalizado por diversos outros personagens, se vinculando também a conjunturas posteriores. A primeira parte deste estudo examina a trajetória do documento, com o objetivo de compreender como ele foi difundido e conservado, e o papel desempenhado não apenas pelo “autor” da narrativa, mas também por aqueles que se encarregaram de copiá-la, traduzi-la e citá-la. As seções seguintes buscam identificar quem foi Crisanto Neranda e quais lugares ocupava no contexto reducional, bem como o conteúdo comunicado pelo relato, as formas pelas quais faz isso, as motivações para sua produção e quais seriam os seus possíveis destinatários, visando observar como esses aspectos se relacionavam ao manuseio do seu testemunho por outros sujeitos e ao caráter de “autor” que é conferido a esse indígena da redução de São Luís. A análise desse caso possibilita, assim, o estabelecimento de considerações acerca dos usos da escrita e das possibilidades apresentadas por essa tecnologia no contexto da fronteira americana meridional entre os impérios ibéricos na segunda metade do século XVIII.<br>This dissertation departs from two lines of investigation: one of them is Crisanto Neranda, a Guaraní from the missions of Paraguay who was a literate member and administrator at the Jesuit reduction of São Luís, and also belonged to a congregation; the other, a written report that is attributed to this person. This record narrates the situations that Crisanto would have experienced in the year of 1754 after being captured by the Portuguese army during the conflicts known as “Guaraní War”, related to the demarcation of the Treaty of Madrid (1750). This text, however, is not restricted to this specific moment, because the report was utilized by several other characters, and is also linked to later conjunctures. The first part of this study examines the document’s trajectory, with the objective of understandig how it was widespread and preserved, and the role played not only by its “author”, but also by those who took charge of translating, copying and citing it. The following sections seek to identify who was Crisanto Neranda and which places he ocuppied in the context of the mission, as well as the content communicated by the report, the ways in which it does this, the motivations for its production, and which would be its possible recipients, aiming to observe how these aspects were related to the handling of the testimony by other subjects and to the character of “author” that is conferred to this native of the reduction of São Luís. The analysis of this case makes it possible to establish considerations about the uses of writing and the possibilities presented by this technology in the context of the southern American frontier between the Iberian empires in the second half of the eighteenth century.
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Nontol, Gutierrez Luis Alberto. "Análisis técnico de los barrajes tipo indio, convencional y tirolesa para bocatomas en la quebrada Tupuri, distrito de San Gaban, provincia de Carabaya, departamento de Puno." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/8360.
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El documento digital no refiere un asesor<br>Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autor<br>Realiza el análisis técnico entre tres tipos de barrajes (barraje convencional, barraje tipo indio y barraje tirolesa) de bocatomas en la quebrada Tupuri, con una pendiente del 20%, y evalúa cuál es la mejor alternativa con respecto a su eficiencia, comportamiento y sostenibilidad en la etapa de operación. De la comparación de resultados entre los tres tipos de barraje, se concluye que el barraje tipo Indio tiene un mejor comportamiento en quebrada de fuerte pendiente debido a que presenta un menor desgaste en épocas de máximas avenidas, además que no requiere un disipador de energía ya que el enrocado acomodado se comporta como el lecho del rio sin generar erosión aguas abajo. Por otro lado, la incorporación del barraje móvil reduce el ingreso de material de arrastre por la ventana de admisión generando así una captación permanente y eficiente durante todo el año.<br>Tesis
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Liljegren, Henrik. "Towards a grammatical description of Palula : An Indo-Aryan language of the Hindu Kush." Doctoral thesis, kostenfrei, 2008. http://www.diva-portal.org/su/abstract.xsql?dbid=7511.
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Scott, Kerry M., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "A contemporary winter count." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Native American Studies, 2006, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/1302.
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The past is the prologue. We must understand where we have been before we can understand where we are going. To understand the Blackfoot Nation and how we have come to where we are today, this thesis examines our history through Indian eyes from time immemorial to the present, using traditional narratives, writings of early European explorers and personal experience. The oral tradition of the First Nations people was a multi-media means of communication. Similarly, this thesis uses the media of the written word and a series of paintings to convey the story of the Blackfoot people.
This thesis provides background and support, from the artist’s perspective, for the paintings that tell the story of the Blackfoot people and the events that contributed to the downfall of the once-powerful Nation. With the knowledge of where we have been, we can learn how to move forward.<br>x, 153 leaves : col. ill. ; 29 cm
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Reid, B. A. "Structural, geochronological and tectonic evolution of the central Eastern Ghats Province, India: Araku-Anantagiri-Visakhapatnam." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/102762.
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This item is only available electronically.<br>The central Eastern Ghats Province is part of a series of terranes that collectively form the Eastern Ghats in India. The Eastern Ghats is a Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic orogen associated with the formation of the supercontinent Rodinia, c. 1.1 to 0.95 Ga. The central Eastern Ghats Province consists of metaquartzites and metapelites (khondalites) that are intruded by granitoids. The location of proto-India within Rodinia is disputed because of recently presented palaeomagnetic data. This has generated confusion about whether the protoliths to the Eastern Ghats Province metasedimentary rocks were deposited adjacent to proto-India or as an exotic terrane later accreted to India. U-Pb geochronology, in conjunction with Hf isotopes of zircons, constrain the maximum depositional age, determine provenance and identify the location of deposition. A maximum depositional age of 1.14 Ga on the protoliths to the khondalites has been determined from U-Pb zircon geochronology. The short period of time between deposition and the orogenesis related thermal event indicates that the sediments were deposited adjacent to the Bastar Craton. Provenance work identifies a number of sources within India and east Antarctica lending support to the theory that these continents were contiguous prior to the Eastern Ghats Orogeny. Structural transects and mapping reveals that shortening associated with the collision of east Antarctica and proto-India occurred along a NE-SW trending axis.<br>Thesis (B.Sc.(Hons)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Physical Sciences, 2010
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Nobre, Pedro Alexandre David. "Cooperação e conflito entre britânicos e portugueses na Ásia. Dos primeiros contactos em Bombaim (c.1600-1740)." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/14996.
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A aquisição da ilha de Bombaim pela coroa inglesa e a consequente convivência fronteiriça com o Estado da Índia constituiu uma novidade relacional e diplomática entre os poderes português e britânico, não só no Índico como em todo o espaço ultramarino. Esta nova situação projectou a recentemente forjada e renovada aliança anglo-portuguesa para um diferente plano, até então não experienciado.
De facto, o acordo de 1661 estipulou que o Estado da Índia entregasse parte do seu território a uma coroa europeia, o que significava uma mudança no seu paradigma de actuação e a partilha de fronteiras comuns com um vizinho europeu, “consentido” e aliado. A isto adicionava-se o facto da população residente em Bombaim, constituída por uma forte comunidade de grandes foreiros portugueses e jesuítas, passar a estar sujeita aos dictames da coroa inglesa. Todos estes pressupostos constituíram uma novidade para o Estado da Índia e para os seus súbditos e exigiram, necessariamente, uma adaptação no modo de interacção com tão próximo vizinho. O mesmo se terá passado com os oficiais britânicos, numa primeira fase da coroa (1665-1668) e doravante da East India Company, para quem o domínio territorial no espaço asiático constituía uma experiência nova. Esta realidade tão próxima entre as duas potências europeias originou, necessariamente, a eclosão de problemas e tensões entre as duas estruturas de poder.
Será a partir desta conjuntura sugestiva que procuraremos compreender como o entendimento anglo-português na Europa foi transposto e gerido na esfera ultramarina, através da análise do caso paradigmático de Bombaim. A gestão da aliança naquele espaço assumiu contornos específicos e de difícil administração, pois a distância ditava uma maior autonomia decisória das autoridades de Goa e Bombaim, nem sempre em consonância com as directrizes europeias. A interacção na região de Bombaim e espaços adjacentes foi pautada pela flexibilidade e, por isso, caracterizou-se por momentos de antagonismo, cooperação e conflito aberto. Nestes “encontros de (in)conveniência”, ambos os lados procuraram tirar partido das dinâmicas conjunturais da política indiana, o mesmo aplicando-se no sentido inverso, adaptando-se alinhamentos e rupturas consoante os interesses imediatos. Bombaim foi, assim, singular no relacionamento anglo-português na Ásia, o que não implica que não se procure compreender as ressonâncias da interação entre portugueses e britânicos noutros espaços do subcontinente indiano (como Madrasta) ou contrapor os modos de actuação da EIC noutros locais (como Cochim).
Na dissertação em curso, propomos efectuar um estudo de longo tempo, que analise de forma sistemática a transversal as dinâmicas relacionais entre britânicos e portugueses desde a introdução britânica na Ásia até à perda portuguesa da Província
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Khosravan, Farideh. "Heavy metals in Zayandehrud River, Isfahan Province, West Central Iran and a comparative environmental impact analysis using a case study from Mysore District, Karnataka, India." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/2556.
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Tian-YunYe and 葉天韻. "A Study of the Illustrations of Towns and Architecture inAn Embassy from the East-India Company of the United Province to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperour of China by Johan Nieuhof." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/bfusjs.
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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>建築學系<br>107<br>ABSTRACT
Since the 16th century, the lure of wealth in the Asian market and the fierce competition among European religions have made European countries rush to enter Asian waters. On July 19th, 1655, in order to ease the crisis in Taiwan's stronghold at that time, the Netherlands sent 17 people to China to seek trade, who went to the imperial government to state their position clear.This visit was recorded by Johan Nieuhof who serviced for VOC in the book called An Embassy from the East-India Company of the United Province to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperour of China.The 80 sketches in the book represent what Nieuhof saw as China at that time which also makes European readers have strong interest and yearning for the eastern world at the same time.According to the illustrations of towns and architecture in the book, this study takes towns, palaces and temples as research objects, and compares historical materials, existing architecture and other known information to observe the differences between them from the perspective of the painter.
Firstly, this study mainly observes the drawings of Chinese towns .The Dutch embassy entered China from Guangdong Province. They walked all the way along the waterway, passing through 62 towns and villages, and finally arrived in Beijing. Since the itinerary of the visit was arranged by the accompanying officials and the painter spent most of his time on the ship, he completed the long-term depiction of the town through his eyes.Under the leadership of China, the embassy visited the interior of a few cities. Nieuhof had certain records of residential building in Guangzhou city, as well as streets and houses on both sides of Nanjing city. The third chapter of this study discusses the observation of Chinese cities and towns under two different distances in the book. This study analyzes the way in which the painter recorded the scenery of different towns, and the objects and reasons he focused on the towns.
Secondly, this study mainly observes the drawings of palaces.The Dutch embassy arrived in Beijing and they finally met the emperor in the Forbidden City. Nieuhof used a large number of words to record the imperial city. He drew a cross-shaped bird's eye view of the imperial city and a circumstances of presenting themselves before the emperor. Compared with the real Forbidden City palace, the Forbidden City we see is significantly different from our cognition.The fourth chapter of this study analyzes the only two pictures depicting the Forbidden City in the book, infers the real path of the ambassador group walking in the imperial city and the real square position when seeing the emperor by using the plane bird's eye view, and analyzes the reason why the cross-shaped plane was drawn. In another picture, observe the difference between it and the real square and the focus of the painter on the square, so as to explore the reason.
Lastly, this study mainly observes the drawings of temples .During the visit, Nieuhof has been paying much attention to the temple architecture. He not only drew the famous Nanjing Baoen Temple, but also recorded the exterior and interior of several temples along the way . As his description of Baoen Temple is more detailed, the fifth chapter of this study mainly observes the parts that the painter focuses on and analyzes the reasons according to the only complete picture of Baoen Temple in the book and comparing with the real archaeological excavations. In addition, due to its popularity in Europe, Baoen Temple's Porcelain Tower gradually became the most famous Chinese architecture in Europe at that time. This study analyzes the influence of Nieuhof's Porcelain Tower on European Chinese tower and the Chinoiserie of Europe in the 18th century, and discusses the connection between him and the association of European people with Chinese tower.
Starting from the illustrations of towns and architecture in this book, the study takes towns, palaces and temples as the research objects. Through constant comparison, discussion and analysis, this study uses the language of Nieuhof as a painter, starting from a series of differences observed in Chinese towns and architecture under his own ideology, to analyze how these differences are represented as well as the possible connections and reasons behind the differences.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
According to the sketch manuscript drawing made by Nieuhof during the first visit to China, it can be divided into three major themes, that is towns, palaces and temples. Differences were found by continuously comparing these manuscript drawings with later made copperplate etchings, early historical data, field surveys and other related data. In addition, we went to the field and compared the manuscript drawing with the real scenery or buildings in order to observe the differences between them. Taking Nieuhof’s understanding of the Chinese town, palace and temple buildings we have observed as the starting point, this research discusses the reality behind these differences and the possible relations and reasons behind them.
CONCLUSION
In the paintings whose themes are towns, the sights all over China painted by Nieuhof are very similar. The Landscape Painting of Netherlands in the 17th century often emerges a situation that water areas, steamers, windmills and other elements that had symbolic meanings at that time are combined and arranged. The painter may use this painting method to select the elements that represent the Chinese towns to combine, finally showing many paintings that just seem like the real scenery of Chinese towns to readers. Furthermore, the painter may combine with his life experience in Batavia so that he mistakenly thought that houses in China were built on the side of the road.
In the paintings whose themes are palaces, Nieuhof mainly painted the Forbidden City. In the 17th century, Netherlands reformed the theology. In order to fight against the Catholicism, the Protestantism developed the new greek-cross church plane. And a new trend of cross town planning arose in Netherlands in the 17th century. Perhaps in Nieuhof’s eyes, a great plane is closely related to the shape of the cross, thus he drew the Forbidden City in the shape of a cross. Moreover, influenced by the Renaissance, the image of the square shaped in ㄇ began to appear before the Dutch palaces, and perhaps Nieuhof saw the familiar square layout in the Chinese palaces so that he especially highlighted it in the paintings.
In the paintings whose themes are temples, Nieuhof kept a record of several temple buildings and the statues inside the temples. During the Dutch reform in the 17th century, the Protestant doctrine was against the idol worship. Because Nieuhof had no opportunity to see ikon in native Netherlands so he felt surprised to see the ikon in Chinese temples and thus he recorded it. In addition, compared to other European countries, Netherlands often takes the central single tower as the entrance of most of its churches. When Nieuhof saw the Porcelain Tower which is located in the central axis of the Temple, he especially highlighted it probably because he was familiar with the central tower.
The book An Embassy from the East-India Company of the United Province to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperour of China has been repeatedly reissued in Europe, drawing paintings concerning China can give the European readers the more direct feeling and cognition for Chinese towns and architcture, and make them generate keen interest in the oriental world. As a result, the Europe has been continuously publishing works regarding China. However, on account of the one- sideness of the propagation of the Porcelain Tower, there appears to have more space for the European people to imagine about the Chinese towers. Nieuhof’s misunderstanding of the apical cap of the tower of the Gratitude Temple was spread to Europe, making pineapple one of the hot art themes concerning the Chinoiserie of Europe in the 18th century.
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Ho, Engseng. "Genealogical figures in an Arabian Indian Ocean diaspora /." 2000. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:9965092.
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Pillay, Tharushka. "A double blind placebo controlled proving of Nelumbo nucifera 30CH with subsequent comparison to its cultural significance." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2587.
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Wallace, Jayne Talley Marrinan Rochelle A. "Indigenous ceramics from feature 118 at the O'Connell Site (8LE157) a late Spanish mission in Apalachee Province, Leon County, Florida /." 2006. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-06292006-143118.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2006.<br>Advisor: Rochelle A. Marrinan, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Anthropology. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 15, 2006) Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 227 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
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Ortíz, Ramírez Ericka Crystal. "Expresiones del criollismo novohispano en el Teatro Mixicano de fray Agustín de Vetancurt." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7754.
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Maphote, Vongani Terrence. "Ecosystem services and disservices of ants in subsistence farming (Limpopo Province) : an experimental approach in mango orchards." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/977.
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Kubátová, Eva. "Španělsko-nizozemské vztahy v Novém světě v době existence West-Indische Compagnie." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-351288.
Full textAbstract:
Spanish-Dutch Relations in the New World during the Existence of the West Indische Compagnie Eva Kubátová Abstract This dissertation is dedicated to the Spanish-Dutch relations in the New World during the existence of the first Dutch West India Company (1621-1674). On base of an imagological analysis, this thesis presents elements of mutual relations, reflected in hetero-images, together with self-representation of both analyzed parties (thus self-image) within the ongoing conflict of the Eighty Years' War. The imagological analysis is applied on archival material, chiefly the Dutch pamphlets and Spanish Relaciones de sucesos (which can be translated as "Treatises of Successes"). The result of this thesis is then an analysis of development and changes of mutual images, upon the historical events of the Spanish-Dutch war conflict: thus since the beginnings of the Dutch Revolt, passing through the Twelve Years' Truce, until the signature of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. A special emphasis is put to the final phase of the Eighty Years' War, in this thesis delimited by the years 1621-1648, which was marked by the official entrance of the West India Company into the Spanish waters of Greater Caribbean. An important watershed in mutual relations is afterwards represented by the Peace of Westphalia, which...
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Farooq, Jan. "Palynological studies and Holocene ecosystem dynamics in north western Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0028-8741-2.
Full textAbstract:
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (31 ° 49'N, 70 ° 55'E bis 35 ° 50'N, 71 ° 47'E) liegt im Nordwesten Pakistans im Süden Asiens. Das Hindukusch-Gebirge in Afghanistan liegt im Westen, dem indischen Himalaya im Nordosten und die Karakorum Berge südlich vom tibetischen Hochland auf der Nordseite. Diese Arbeit besteht überwiegend aus drei separaten Studien entlang eines 200 km langen Transekts mit einem Höhengradienten ausgehend von den Sedimentbecken im Peshawar Tal (275 m ü.M.) bis hinauf zu den Malam Jabba Hills im Swat-Tal (2600 m ü.M.).
Die erste Studie, die auf einer Datengrundlage von 160 Poaceae Arten beruht, zeigt Trends, dass polyploide C3- und C4-Poaceae-Arten größere Pollenkkörner als die jeweiligen diploiden Arten haben. In diesem Datensatz haben alle C4-Arten größere Pollenkörner als die C3-Arten. Ob Grassländer von C3 oder C4 Arten dominiert werden kann in verschiedenen Regionen und Lebensräumen durch die Untersuchung der Muster des Trends von zu- oder abnehmenden Pollenkorngrößen ermittelt werden. In unserem Datensatz ist Polyploidie bei C4-Gräsern häufiger als bei den C3 Arten. Die verwendete Methode kann auf Poaceae-Pollenkörner in Umweltarchiven angewendet werden, um das Klima der Vergangenheit zu rekonstruieren und die Dynamik der früheren Graslandökosysteme zu bewerten. Dieser Ansatz wird nicht nur bei laufenden paläoökologischen Studien helfen aufzuklären, wie die Änderungen der Vegetations-zusammensetzung und die Veränderungen in Biomen vergangener Graslandökosysteme zu entschlüsseln sind, sondern auch nützliche Erkenntnisse für die Vorhersage zukünftiger Entwicklungen ermöglichen.
Die zweite Studie befasst sich mit modernen Pollenspektren aus Oberflächenproben und ihre Beziehung zu der umgebenden Vegetation, die nützliche Daten für die Interpretation von holozänen Pollenprofilen bietet. Dabei konnten entlang eines 200 km langen Höhengradienten vier verschiedene Höhenstufen unterschieden werden, wo die dominierenden Pflanzenfamilien, Poaceae, Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Verbenaceae, Acanthaceae und Euphorbiaceae eine signifikante Korrelation mit dem gefunden Pollenniederschlag hatten, während sich bei anderen Familien, den Boraginaceae, Saxifragaceae, Apiaceae, Balsaminaceae und Rubiaceae große Unterschiede zu der zugehörigen Vegetationszusammensetzung ergaben. Für die Kalibrierung und Interpretation fossiler Pollendaten sollte also immer auch die aktuellen Beziehungen von Pollenniederschlag und Vegetationsdaten zumindest auf der Familienebene berücksichtigt werden.
Die dritte Studie befasst sich mit einem Pollenprofil aus der Kabal Swat-Region, welches eine detaillierte Geschichte der Vegetation und des Klimas des Hindukuschs der letzten 3300 Jahre, also dem späten Holozäns enthält. Von 3300 bis 2400 cal BP, war eine subtropische semiaride krautige Vegetation hauptsächlich durch Cyperaceae- und Poaceae-Arten vertreten. Sie wurde ersetzt von gemischten Nadelwäldern mit Taxus, Pinus, sowie Juglans, Poaceae und Cyperaceae während der Zeit von 2400 bis 900 cal BP, was auf eine vergleichsweise moderate Klimaschwankung während des späten Holozäns weist. Der Rückgang der Poaceae von 2400 bis1500 cal BP und eine erneute Zunahme von 1500 bis 1200 cal BP Jahre zeigen, dass das Kabal Swat nass-kühlere und trocken-wärmere Phasen durchmachte. Nadelbäume in den gemischten Nadelwäldern treten heute bei größeren Höhe im alpinen Bereich auf. Weitere hochauflösende holozäne Pollenprofile des Hindukusch sind notwendig, um einen ausführlicheren Vergleich zu anderen süd- und zentralasiatischen Paläo-Archiven zu ermöglichen, die auch ein detaillierteres und anwendbares Wissen für Management und Naturschutzfragen ergeben.
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Conceição, Ana Rita Pereira da. "A Baixa Nobreza Setubalense na Construção do Império Ultramarino Português - o caso da Família Queimado." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/107634.
Full textAbstract:
A entrada de Portugal no período dos Descobrimentos e, depois da Expansão, gerou uma
série de mudanças na sua conjuntura interna que alteraram as diversas esferas da sociedade
portuguesa, não tendo a nobreza sido uma excepção.
Este nova conjuntura abriu novas possibilidades à nobreza que se encontrava sem
meios de adquirir tenças, mercês, títulos e bens fundiários, ou seja, de possuir os elementos
mais definidores daquele grupo social. As ambições dos monarcas portugueses de construir
um império transatlântico e transcontinental seriam inconcebíveis sem que antes se
montasse todo um vasto e complexo aparelho administrativo, encarregue de gerir e
organizar toda a rede de estruturas do Além-mar. Estas instituições administrativas, por sua
vez, eram compostas por um largo grupo de «funcionários», que exerciam os diversos
cargos e funções. Este número de cargos e funções foram preenchidos principalmente, por
elementos de baixa nobreza portuguesa, entre eles, nobres setubalenses da família dos
Queimados. A família Queimado era proveniente de uma localidade de dimensões
humildes, mas que também ela se tinha vindo a desenvolver e alterar com a transição do
século XV para o século XVI, ganhando um novo fulgor e destaque a nível nacional,
reconhecido pela própria Coroa. Veremos então em que medida a família Queimado se
encaixou no paradigma da baixa nobreza da Época Moderna dos séculos XV e XVI, e ajudou
a dar forma ao Império Ultramarino Português. Com esse objectivo em vista,
reconstituiremos os seus percursos desde os cargos nas instituições administrativas, como a
Casa da Índia e a Casa da Moeda, ao Norte de África, às batalhas no Oriente e à Carreira da
Índia.<br>The entry of Portugal in the period of the Discoveries and, later on, the Expansion,
generated a series of changes in its internal conjuncture that altered the various spheres of
Portuguese society, the nobility being no exception.
This new conjuncture opened up new possibilities for the nobility, which was unable to
acquire tenets, mercies, titles and land assets, that is, to possess the most defining elements
of that social group. The ambitions of the Portuguese monarchs to build a transatlantic and
transcontinental empire would be inconceivable without first setting up a vast and complex
administrative apparatus, in charge of managing and organizing the entire network of
overseas structures. These administrative institutions, in turn, were composed of a large
group of "officials" who held the various positions and functions. This number of positions
and functions were mainly filled by elements of low Portuguese nobility, among them,
nobles from Setúbal of the Queimado family.
The Queimado family was from a town of humble dimensions, but that too had been
developing and changing with the transition from the 15th to the 16th century, gaining a
new radiance and prominence at a national level, recognized by the Crown itself.
We will then see to what extent the Queimado family fit into the low nobility paradigm
of the 15th and 16th century Modern Period, and how they helped to shape the Portuguese
Overseas Empire. With that objective in mind, we will reconstruct their paths from positions
in administrative institutions, such as the House of India and the Mint (House of Coin), to
North Africa, to the battles in the East and the “Carreira da Índia”.