Journal articles: 'Provitamin A'

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Mosuro, Aderonke, and Olugbenga Ogunwole. "Vitamin and provitamin profiles of selected vegetables as affected by storage and different drying methods." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 64, no. 2 (2019): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas1902175m.

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Effects of drying methods on the vitamin and provitamin compositions of selected vegetables during storage were assessed in this study. Telfaria occidentalis, Celosia argentea (green), Vernonia amygdalina, Moringa oleifera, Launaea taraxacifolia, Curcubita maxima and Celosia argentea (red) were subjected to air drying (AD), oven drying (OD) and freeze drying (FD). The experiment was a 3x7 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. Dried leaves were milled and assayed for vitamins (pyridoxine, riboflavin, ascorbic acid and tocopherol) and provitamins (total carotene and ergocalciferol). Samples were stored in opaque airtight containers after drying and assayed periodically at weeks 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 of storage. Air-dried samples had significantly higher (P<0.05) total carotene (1177.49 ?g/100g), pyridoxine (0.59 mg/100g), riboflavin (0.46 mg/100g), ascorbic acid (39.11 mg/100g), ergocalciferol (46.55 ?g/100g) and tocopherol (57.52 ?g/100g) compared with samples dried by other methods. Moringa oleifera leaf type had significantly higher (P<0.05) total carotene (1079.48 ?g/100g), riboflavin (0.41 mg/100g), ergocalciferol (46.40 ?g/100g) and ?-tocopherol (58.45 ?g/100g) while Cucurbita maxima had significantly higher (P<0.05) pyridoxine (0.73 mg/100g). Effects of the interaction of drying methods and leaf type were significant (P<0.05) on the vitamin and provitamin compositions of samples. The effect of the interaction of the oven drying method and leaf type was highly significant (P<0.05) on inherent vitamin and provitamin of samples. Vitamin and provitamin compositions of samples were stable until week six. Air-dried samples contained more vitamins and provitamins which were also more retained in storage.

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Quackenbush, Forrest W., and Robert L. Smallidge. "Nonaqueous Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatographic System for Separation and Quantitation of Provitamins A." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 69, no. 5 (September 1, 1986): 767–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/69.5.767.

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Abstract A reverse phase liquid chromatographic (LC) system has been developed for separating the main naturally occurring carotenoids that have provitamin A activity. The system produces baseline separation of β-carotene, α-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin (β,β-carotene-3-ol, 472- 70-8) from biologically inactive zeinoxanthin (β, ∊-carotene-3-ol, 24480- 38-4) and from a pigment believed to be α-cryptoxanthin (β,∊-carotene- 3'-ol). Some m-isomers are also separated. These separations are obtained on a C-18 column, isocratically, with methanol-chloroform eluant. For quantitation, peak areas from detection at 475 nm are compared with that of an internal standard, l-(phenylazo)-2-naphthalenol (842-07-9), which elutes prior to the provitamins. Provitamin amounts are calculated from absorbance ratios. Prior to LC, esters are saponified, and interfering pigments are removed from ester-free extracts by adsorption on magnesia.

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Chidiebere-Mark, Nneka M., and Gods’power C. Anyanwu. "Farmers’ preferences and perception influencing decision to grow bio-fortified provitamin A cassava." Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 18, no. 1 (August 17, 2020): 130–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jafs.v18i1.12.

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The study analysed farmers’ preferences and perception influencing decision to grow biofortified provitamin A cassava. Specifically, the study described the socio-economic characteristics of cassava farmers in the study area; identified sources of information on biofortified provitamin A cassava; ascertained farmers’ perception of the key attributes of biofortified provitamin A cassava; ascertained farmers’ preference for biofortified provitamin A cassava; analysed sio-economic determinants of willingness to grow bio-fortified provitamin A cassava, and, constraints that hinder farmers’ decision to grow bio-fortified provitamin A cassava. It was hypothesized that the socio-economic characteristics of farmers significantly influence the decision to grow bio-fortified provitamin A cassava. Structured questionnaire and interview schedule were used to elicit data from 90 cassava farmers in the study area. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result revealed that farmers in the study area were mostly female, married, with a mean age of 50 years, mean years of formal education of 12 years, farming experience of 6 years and a mean household size of 6 persons. The sources of information on bio-fortified provitamin A cassava include agricultural extension agents, farmer groups and radio. The result also showed that farmers perceived bio-fortified provitamin A cassava to be able to make yellow Garri (Cassava granules); have low sugar content. The farmers preferred bio-fortified provitamin A cassava because of its low sugar content, ability to make yellow cassava granules (Garri) which makes it attractive for selling, and contain vitamin A which is necessary to reduce blindness. Poor access to information, poor access to bio-fortified provitamin A cassava stem, and high moisture content were some of the major constraints that affect the decision to grow bio-fortified provitamin A cassava by farmers’ in the study area. The study recommends that farmers should be given easy access to bio-fortified provitamin A cassava stems and extension agents should make more visits to cassava farmers to enlighten them on the benefits of growing biofortified provitamin A cassava. Keywords: Cassava, Biofortified, provitamin A, Farmers, Imo State

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Shrestha, Jiban, and Tika Bahadur Karki. "Provitamin A Maize Development: A Strategy for Fighting against Malnutrition in Nepal." Our Nature 12, no. 1 (March 3, 2015): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v12i1.12256.

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This review paper briefly highlights the importance, challenges and opportunities for adoption of provitamin A rich maize, and potential breeding strategies suitable in the context of Nepal. The biofortified maize with provitamin A could be the convenient, cheaper, and easily accessible source of vitamin A. It can provide a cheap and sustainable form of vitamin A for its deficiency prone communities. Unavailability of suitable maize varieties rich in provitamin A and insufficient nutrition education to the consumers are the major challenges for adoption of provitamin A maize. The introduction, development and commercialization of provitamin A rich maize varieties in collaboration with national and international scientists, CG centers, multinational companies, I/NGOs, government agencies, and private sectors can help to fight against vitamin A induced malnutrition in Nepal. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v12i1.12256Our Nature (2014), 12(1): 44-48

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Beswa, Daniso, Muthulisi Siwela, Eric O. Amonsou, and Unathi Kolanisi. "Grain Quality, Provitamin A Carotenoid Profiles, and Sensory Quality of Provitamin A-Biofortified Maize Stiff Porridges." Foods 9, no. 12 (December 21, 2020): 1909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9121909.

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Provitamin A-biofortified maize could contribute to the alleviation of vitamin A deficiency (VAD), which is prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa due to a high consumption of starchy, maize-based diets. Four varieties of provitamin A biofortified maize were studied for grain colour, grain texture, thousand kernel weight, and hectolitre mass. Provitamin A biofortified maize stiff porridges were prepared and their retained provitamin A was determined using lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, and β-carotene (all-trans and cis isomers) as standards. Provitamin A concentration in the biofortified porridges ranged from 2.24 to 3.18 µg/g and retention from 91–105%. Descriptive sensory analysis and the 5-point facial hedonic test were used to evaluate the sensory quality of the porridges. The biofortified maize porridges were described as sticky, fine, with high intensity residual grain, and having a slightly bitter aftertaste with a cooked maize flavour and aroma, whereas the intensities of these attributes were insignificant in white maize porridge. About 33% of the consumer sample (N = 60) liked the porridges and 28% disliked the porridges, whilst approximately 38% of the consumers were neutral. The findings suggest that biofortified maize stiff porridge can deliver a significant amount of provitamin A to targeted consumers, but the acceptance of biofortified maize still needs to be improved on.

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Strating, J., and H. J. Backer. "Compounds related to provitamin D3 (II). The sulphur analogue of provitamin D3." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 69, no. 7 (September 2, 2010): 909–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19500690713.

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Olawuyi, Odunayo Joseph, Aishat Omotayo Azeez, and Abeeb Abiodun Azeez. "Improvement of Provitamin A in Maize Varieties Using Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus, Glomus clarum." Bio-Research 19, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 1227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/br.v19i1.6.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF, Glomus clarum) has been used widely as a bio-amendment and bio-control agent in several biotechnological studies. In this study, biofortification of maize with provitamin A using AMF was investigated. Five maize varieties (V1 = white drought-resistant maize, V2= yellow provitamin A maize, V3= white drought-tolerant maize, V4= yellow striga-resistant maize and V5= white striga-resistant maize) were evaluated in a screen house experiment laid out in a completely randomized design with three treatments: T1 = maize + AMF before planting, T2 = maize + AMF, inoculated two weeks after planting and T3 (control) = maize only, and four replications. The result showed that AMF significantly (p<0.05, p = 0.0029) increased the provitamin A level of the maize varieties. White drought-tolerant maize (V3) had the highest provitamin A content (581.57 µg) after harvest, while the least (288.33 µg) was found in white drought-resistant maize (V1). Also, the effect of the treatments on the growth traits (plant height, leaf length, number of leaves per plant) of the maize varieties was highly significant. Therefore, AMF could be considered in breeding maize with high provitamin A content and improved morphological characters.

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Parkes, Elizabeth, Olufemi Aina, Akuwa Kingsley, Peter Iluebbey, Moshood Bakare, Afolabi Agbona, Patrick Akpotuzor, Maryke Labuschagne, and Peter Kulakow. "Combining Ability and Genetic Components of Yield Characteristics, Dry Matter Content, and Total Carotenoids in Provitamin A Cassava F1 Cross-Progeny." Agronomy 10, no. 12 (November 24, 2020): 1850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10121850.

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Cassava is an important root crop in sub-Saharan Africa, largely cultivated for its starchy edible roots. Biofortified cassava varieties with enhanced provitamin A carotenoid content (PVAC) developed through conventional breeding provide a solution for vitamin A deficiency among vulnerable communities. The aim of this study was to use diallel analysis of six provitamin A cassava genotypes to determine the combining ability, genetic components, heritability, and heterosis of the most important yield characteristics and total carotenoids. Genetic variability for measured characteristics were evident. Fresh root yield was mainly determined by non-additive genetic effects, while dry matter content and total carotenoids were determined by additive effects. Total carotenoids were negatively correlated with fresh root yield, indicating that selection for higher provitamin A content could reduce yield. Mid and higher parent heterosis was seen in some of the crosses for fresh root yield, dry matter content, and total carotenoids. Narrow sense heritability was moderate for fresh root yield and dry matter content, and was high for total carotenoids. This study indicated that yield and dry matter content can be improved in provitamin A cassava but that increased provitamin A content may carry a yield penalty.

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Tang, Guangwen. "Vitamin A Value of Plant Food Provitamin A - Evaluated by the Stable Isotope Technologies." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 84, Supplement 1 (December 1, 2014): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000183.

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Humans need vitamin A and obtain essential vitamin A by conversion of plant foods rich in provitamin A and/or absorption of preformed vitamin A from foods of animal origin. The determination of the vitamin A value of plant foods rich in provitamin A is important but has challenges. The aim of this paper is to review the progress over last 80 years following the discovery on the conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A and the various techniques including stable isotope technologies that have been developed to determine vitamin A values of plant provitamin A (mainly β-carotene). These include applications from using radioactive β-carotene and vitamin A, depletion-repletion with vitamin A and β-carotene, and measuring postprandial chylomicron fractions after feeding a β-carotene rich diet, to using stable isotopes as tracers to follow the absorption and conversion of plant food provitamin A carotenoids (mainly β-carotene) in humans. These approaches have greatly promoted our understanding of the absorption and conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A. Stable isotope labeled plant foods are useful for determining the overall bioavailability of provitamin A carotenoids from specific foods. Locally obtained plant foods can provide vitamin A and prevent deficiency of vitamin A, a remaining worldwide concern.

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Kockott, D., and B. Herzog. "Photobiologische Wirkungen der Sonnenstrahlung auf die Haut und Schutz durch Sonnenschutzmittel." Aktuelle Dermatologie 44, no. 05 (May 2018): 216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-122327.

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ZusammenfassungDie Wellenlängenabhängigkeit photobiologischer Wirkungen wird durch Wirkungsspektren beschrieben. Die physikalischen Voraussetzungen für die Ermittlung und Anwendung von Wirkungsspektren werden erläutert. Die Bewertung von Strahlungsquellen durch Wirkungsspektren wird am Beispiel der Erythembildung und der Bildung von Provitamin D gezeigt.Die Schutzwirkung von Sonnenschutzmitteln in verschiedenen Spektralbereichen kann durch die Wahl geeigneter UV-Absorber variiert werden. Die Bestimmung von Schutzfaktoren gegenüber erythemwirksamer Strahlung und UVA-Strahlung wird beschrieben. Sonnenschutzmittel reduzieren automatisch auch diejenigen Strahlungsanteile, die für die Produktion von Provitamin D verantwortlich sind. Es wird eine Optimierung von Sonnenschutzmitteln beschrieben, die bei vorgegebenem Erythemschutz ein Optimum an Provitamin D-erzeugender Strahlung auf der Haut zulassen.

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MÍNGUEZ-MOSQUERA, Mª ISABEL, and DÁMASO HORNERO-MÉNDEZ. "Changes in Provitamin A During Paprika Processing." Journal of Food Protection 60, no. 7 (July 1, 1997): 853–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-60.7.853.

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The effect of the industrial processing of peppers for paprika on carotenoids with provitamin A activity has been investigated. The processing consists of two principal steps: drying and milling. The milling step appears to be the more destructive, leading to a loss of 42.7 to 55.2% in the total carotenoid content and 65.2 to 81.4% in that of provitamin A, depending on the variety of the fruit. However, adding seeds from the peppers during this step dilutes the paprika, reducing the carotenoid losses due to the process itself to around 20%. The drying step is less destructive, but its final effect depends markedly on the degree of ripeness of the fruit and the variety of peppers used. Carotenoids with provitamin A value present in Capsicum annuum are β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and cryptocapsin, which are degraded during the process by 67.3 to 82.2%, 59.2 to 78.9%, and 54.1 to 58.1 % respectively, resulting in a loss of provitamin A activity of ca. 65.2 to 81.4%.

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Menkir, Abebe, Ibnou Dieng, Wende Mengesha, Silvestro Meseka, Bussie Maziya-Dixon, Oladeji Emmanuel Alamu, Bunmi Bossey, Oyekunle Muhyideen, Manfred Ewool, and Mmadou Mory Coulibaly. "Unravelling the Effect of Provitamin A Enrichment on Agronomic Performance of Tropical Maize Hybrids." Plants 10, no. 8 (July 31, 2021): 1580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10081580.

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Maize is consumed in different traditional diets as a source of macro- and micro-nutrients across Africa. Significant investment has thus been made to develop maize with high provitamin A content to complement other interventions for alleviating vitamin A deficiencies. The current breeding focus on increasing β-carotene levels to develop biofortified maize may affect the synthesis of other beneficial carotenoids. The changes in carotenoid profiles, which are commonly affected by environmental factors, may also lead to a trade-off with agronomic performance. The present study was therefore conducted to evaluate provitamin A biofortified maize hybrids across diverse field environments. The results showed that the difference in accumulating provitamin A and other beneficial carotenoids across variable growing environments was mainly regulated by the genetic backgrounds of the hybrids. Many hybrids, accumulating more than 10 µg/g of provitamin A, produced higher grain yields (>3600 kg/ha) than the orange commercial maize hybrid (3051 kg/ha). These hybrids were also competitive, compared to the orange commercial maize hybrid, in accumulating lutein and zeaxanthins. Our study showed that breeding for enhanced provitamin A content had no adverse effect on grain yield in the biofortified hybrids evaluated in the regional trials. Furthermore, the results highlighted the possibility of developing broadly adapted hybrids containing high levels of beneficial carotenoids for commercialization in areas with variable maize growing conditions in Africa.

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Faria, Juliana Pereira, Egle M. A. Siqueira, Roberto Fontes Vieira, and Tânia da Silveira Agostini-Costa. "Fruits of Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc as good sources of β -carotene and provitamina." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 33, spe1 (October 2011): 612–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452011000500084.

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Butia capitata is a palm tree, widely found in the Brazilian savanna. Their fruits are largely used by local communities to prepare juices, jellies and ice-creams. The main objective of this work was to determine the carotenoids profile of Butia capitata fruits and their provitamin A values. Total carotenoids content ranged from 11.1 to 43.9 μg.g-1; β-carotene was the predominant carotenoid (5.2-22.8 μg.g-1), followed by γ-carotene, phytoene, phytofluene, ζ-carotene, α-cryptoxanthin (or zeinoxanthin) and α-carotene. Provitamin A values varied from 50 to 200 RAE.100g-1. This result suggests that B. capitata pulp may be a good source of β-carotene and provitamin A.

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Gliesing, Sabine, Hans-Dieter Ilge, Manfred Reichenbächer, and Dieter Faßler. "Triplettsensibilisierte Photoisomerisierung von Provitamin D3." Zeitschrift für Chemie 26, no. 6 (August 31, 2010): 207–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zfch.19860260607.

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Chilaya, G., G. Petriashvili, A. Chanishvili, I. Terenetskaya, N. Kireeva, and L. Lisetski. "Provitamin D2and Provitamin D3Photo Transformations in Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Mixtures Induced by UV Radiation." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 433, no. 1 (June 2005): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15421400590956243.

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Strating, J., and H. J. Backer. "Compounds related to provitamin D3 (III)): Homocholesterol and the corresponding provitamin (3-homoprovitamin D3)." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 70, no. 5 (September 2, 2010): 389–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19510700503.

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Iseghohi, Innocent, Ayodeji Abe, Silvestro Meseka, Wende Mengesha, Melaku Gedil, and Abebe Menkir. "Assessing Effect of Marker-Based Improvement of Maize Synthetics on Agronomic Performance, Carotenoid Content, Combining Ability and Heterosis." Agronomy 10, no. 11 (October 22, 2020): 1625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111625.

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Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a serious problem in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and other parts of the world. Understanding the effect of marker-based improvement (MARS) of two maize synthetics (HGA and HGB) representing different heterotic groups on their agronomic performance, carotenoid content, and combining abilities could help identify suitable sources to develop divergent inbred lines for optimizing heterosis. This study involved three selection cycles each of the two synthetics and their nine varietal-cross hybrids together with a released check variety was conducted across four diverse locations in Nigeria in 2018 and 2019. Environment and hybrid effects were significant on grain yield and other agronomic traits as well as provitamin A content and other carotenoids. Genetic improvement per cycle of MARS in the parental synthetics was 15% for provitamin A, 25% for β-carotene and 26% for lutein in HGA and 4% for grain yield, 3% for zeaxanthin and 5% for α-carotene in HGB. Grain yield and agronomic traits of the two maize synthetics were controlled by additive and non-additive gene effects, while provitamin A content and other carotenoids were mainly controlled by additive gene effects. Some selection cycles which were high in grain yield and provitamin A content were identified as potential sources of new and divergent maize inbred lines in maize breeding programs. Some varietal-cross hybrids expressed significant mid-parent heterosis for grain yield and moderate mid-parent heterosis for provitamin A, β-carotene and xanthophylls. These hybrids could be commercialized at reasonable prices to small-scale farmers in rural areas that are most affected by vitamin A deficiency.

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Dhakal, Krishna, Amar Bahadur Pun Magar, Keshab Raj Pokhrel, Bandhu Raj Baral, Abdurahman Beshir, Hari Kumar Shrestha, and Shree Prasad Vista. "Zinc and Provitamin A Biofortified Maize Genotypes Exhibited Potent to Reduce Hidden—Hunger in Nepal." Plants 11, no. 21 (October 28, 2022): 2898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11212898.

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Zinc deficiency affects one third of the population worldwide, and vitamin A deficiency is a prevalent public health issue in Sub-Saharan Africa and South-Asia, including Nepal. Crop biofortification is the sustainable solution to these health—related problems, thus we conducted two different field trials in an alpha lattice design to identify zinc and provitamin A biofortified maize genotypes consistent and competitive in performance over the contrasting seasons (Season 1: 18 February to 6 July 2020 and Season 2: 31 August to 1 February 2020/21). In our study, the performance of introduced maize genotypes (zinc—15 and provitamin A biofortified—24) were compared with that of the local check, focusing on the overall agro-morphology, yield attributes, yield, and kernel zinc and total carotenoid content. Zinc and total carotenoid in the tested genotypes were found in the range between 14.2 and 24.8 mg kg−1 and between 1.8 and 3.6 mg 100 g−1. Genotypes A1831-8 from zinc and EEPVAH-46 from provitamin A biofortified maize trial recorded kernel zinc and total carotenoid as high as 52.3, and 79.5%, respectively, compared to the local check (DMH849). The provitamin A genotypes EEPVAH-46 and EEPVAH-51 (total carotenoid: 3.6 and 3.3 mg 100 g−1), and zinc biofortified genotypes A1847-10 and A1803-42 (20.4 and 22.4 mg kg−1 zinc) were identified as superior genotypes based on their yield consistency over the environments and higher provitamin A and zinc content compared to the check. In addition, farmers can explore August sowing to harvest green cobs during December-January to boost up the emerging green cob business.

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Oyekale, Solomon A., Baffour Badu-Apraku, Victor O. Adetimirin, Nnanna Unachukwu, and Melaku Gedil. "Development of Extra-Early Provitamin A Quality Protein Maize Inbreds with Resistance/Tolerance to Striga hermonthica and Soil Nitrogen Stress." Agronomy 11, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050891.

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A hemiparasitic plant, Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth and soil nitrogen stress are the key constraints to maize (Zea mays L.) productivity in sub-Saharan Africa, where commonly cultivated maize is the normal endosperm type that is deficient in provitamin A, tryptophan and lysine (PVATL). Seventy-six extra-early maize inbreds with provitamin A, tryptophan, and lysine qualities (TZEEIORQ) were developed to address these constraints, and four checks were assessed under Striga, low and high nitrogen conditions at three locations in Nigeria. The inbreds were further genotyped with two beta-carotene hydroxylase 1 (crtRB1) markers, and their seeds were quantified for provitamin A content. Significant (P < 0.01) genetic variations were observed for grain yield and other agronomic attributes of the inbreds under varying environmental conditions. Levels of PVATL for the inbreds ranged from 2.21–10.95 µg g−1, 0.04–0.08%, and 0.19–0.39%, respectively. Beta-carotene marker, crtRB1-3′TE, was polymorphic and grouped the inbreds into two. The marker was effective in identifying inbreds with moderate provitamin A content. Inbreds TZEEIORQ 5, TZEEIORQ 52, and TZEEIORQ 55 exhibited resistance to Striga, tolerance to nitrogen stress with moderate levels of PVATL and could be invaluable sources of favorable alleles for breeding nutritionally improved maize varieties with resistance/tolerance to Striga and soil nitrogen stress.

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Tanumihardjo, Sherry A., Natalia Palacios, and Kevin V. Pixley. "Provitamin A Carotenoid Bioavailability:What Really Matters?" International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 80, no. 45 (October 1, 2010): 336–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000042.

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Micronutrient malnutrition, or hidden hunger, afflicts a large part of the worlds population, with vitamin A deficiency among the most prevalent public health problems. Provitamin A carotenoids in plant foods are a source of vitamin A for humans; however, several factors, including species of carotenoids, host status, and effectors of absorption can negatively, positively, or in yet undetermined ways affect the bioavailability of these compounds. Staple foods biofortified with provitamin A carotenoids have shown more efficient bioconversion to retinol than generally observed for vegetables (e. g., 3 - 6 versus 10 - 80 beta-carotene to 1 µg retinol). Staple foods such as maize, rice, and cassava, are generally more accessible than meat or vegetable sources of retinol or provitamin A carotenoids to poor consumers, who are most likely to suffer micronutrient malnutrition. Interdisciplinary teamwork, including plant breeders, nutritionists, government and local agencies, seed companies, and communities, is needed to avail biofortified crops to needy populations. Key steps include developing, validating the nutritional effects of, providing nutrition education concerning, and promoting the use of biofortified crops. Provitamin A carotenoid biofortification of sweet potato, maize, cassava, and rice are at different stages along this continuum. Close linkages between agriculture, nutrition, and health, are essential in the quest to eradicate hunger among the poor.

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Maryuningsih, Risna Dwi, Budi Nurtama, and Nur Wulandari. "Pemanfaatan Karotenoid Minyak Sawit Merah untuk Mendukung Penanggulangan Masalah Kekurangan Vitamin A di Indonesia." JURNAL PANGAN 30, no. 1 (May 17, 2021): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33964/jp.v30i1.473.

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Kekurangan vitamin A (KVA) merupakan kondisi gangguan kesehatan akibat tidak terpenuhinya kebutuhan vitamin A di dalam tubuh. KVA merupakan defisiensi mikronutien yang paling banyak terjadi di negara berkembang, termasuk di Indonesia. Asupan vitamin A yang tidak tercukupi dapat meningkatkan prevalensi terjadinya berbagai jenis penyakit yang dapat menyerang berbagai fungsi dari organ tubuh. Pemenuhan vitamin A melalui asupan pangan hewani sulit terjangkau bagi masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah sehingga diperlukan strategi pemenuhan vitamin A melalui pangan nabati yang dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber provitamin A. Minyak sawit merah merupakan produk hasil pemurnian minyak sawit dengan tetap mempertahankan kandungan karotenoidnya yang berperan penting sebagai sumber provitamin A alami. Pemanfaatan minyak sawit merah dalam pangan khususnya sebagai bahan fortifikan pangan dapat meningkatkan status vitamin A dan berperan dalam menanggulangi permasalahan kekurangan vitamin A. Artikel ini membahas permasalahan kekurangan vitamin A di Indonesia dan strategi penanggulangannya, potensi minyak sawit merah sebagai sumber provitamin A alami, serta strategi pemanfaatan minyak sawit merah sebagai fortifikan pangan dan suplemen kesehatan.

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Bohn, Torsten. "Bioavailability of Non-Provitamin A Carotenoids." Current Nutrition & Food Science 4, no. 4 (November 1, 2008): 240–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157340108786263685.

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Terenetskaya, I. P., S. I. Gundorov, V. I. Kravchenko, and E. B. Berik. "Nanosecond laser photolysis of provitamin D." Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics 18, no. 10 (October 31, 1988): 1323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe1988v018n10abeh012519.

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Astorg, Pierre, Sandra Gradelet, Joel Leclerc, and Marie‐Hélène Siess. "Effects of provitamin a or non‐provitamin a carotenoids on liver xenobiotic‐metabolizing enzymes in mice." Nutrition and Cancer 27, no. 3 (January 1997): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01635589709514533.

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Zuma, Mthokozisi, A. Modi, and U. Kolanisi. "Growth, physiological and yield response of provitamin A biofortified maize cultivars to different natural environments." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 22, no. 106 (February 27, 2022): 19230–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.106.20645.

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Malnutrition remains a main problem in sub-Saharan Africa regardless of the applied interventions to combat food and nutrition insecurity. Biofortication of staple crops has been regarded as the latest intervention strategy to combat micronutrient diseases such as vitamin A deficiency in developing countries in southern Africa. The aim of the study was to determine the response of provitamin A biofortified maize cultivars under different environmental conditions. A randomized complete block design with five cultivars, two provitamin A varieties and three common maize varieties were planted in two on farm trails located under different agro-ecological zones (Bulwer and KwaDlangezwa) of KwaZulu-Natal in a two-season period (2015/16 and 2016/17). The five cultivars namely Border king (BK), provitamin A biofortified maize (PVABM), local landrace (LL), SC 506 and SC510 recorded a highly significant (P<0.001) plant growth (height and leaf number) in both experimental sites across two seasons (2015/16 and 2016/17). Chlorophyll content showed no significant differences for both trial sites in both 2015/16 and 2016/17 seasons. For the first season, no significant differences (P< 0.05) were observed for biomass among the maize varieties in both trial sites. However, it was observed that SC510 had higher biomass (2.33 t/ha), while BK recorded lowest biomass (0.66 t/ha) in Bulwer. In KwaDlangezwa, the biomass ranged from 0.713 t/ha (PVA) to 1.66 t/ha (SC510). For the second season (2016/17), Biomass in Bulwer ranged from 0.86 t/ha (LL) to 1.52 t/ha (SC510) and 0.94 t/ha (BK) to 1.44 (SC510) in KwaDlangezwa. The performance of the provitamin A biofortified varieties (SC510 and PVABM) showed that they can adapt and produce similarly to common varieties. It is noted that there is potential for these varieties to adapt under different environmental conditions of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The provitamin A biofortified varieties can be produced for human consumption at common smallholder farming systems. Key words: SC510, chlorophyll content, KwaDlangezwa, Bulwer, yield, vitamin A deficiency, planting, smallholder, biofortification

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Nofita, Luvi, Budiyanto Budiyanto, and Fitri Electrika Dewi Surawan. "PENGARUH SUBTITUSI FRAKSI OLEIN MINYAK SAWIT MERAH PADA BUMBU KACANG BATAGOR TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FISIK, SENSORIS, DAN KANDUNGAN PRO-VITAMIN A." Jurnal Teknologi Agro-Industri 7, no. 2 (December 12, 2020): 132–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.34128/jtai.v7i2.127.

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Abstrak Fraksi olein minyak sawit merah atau red palm olein oil (RPOOO) merupakan minyak hasil pemurnian dari minyak sawit kasar (CPO) yang memiliki kandungan karoten tinggi sehingga dapat menjadi sumber provitamin A yang potensial. Bumbu batagor adalah semacam saus berbumbu yang berbahan kacang tanah goreng. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh subtitusi minyak sawit merah (RPOO) pada bumbu kacang Batagor terhadap pengaruh subtitusi minyak sawit merah (RPOO) pada bumbu Batagor terhadap karakteristik fisik, sensoris produk, dan potensi provitamin A yang ada pada bumbu batagor yang disubtitusi RPOO. Pada penelitian ini, bumbu batagor di subtitusi sebanyak 0%, 3% dan 6% dengan RPOO. Variabel yang diamati pada penelitian ini yaitu karakteristik fisik (viskositas, kestabilan dan warna),sensoris (mutu hedonik dan uji Duo Trio). Dan kandungan provitamin A . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa substitusi RPOO tidak berpengaruh terhadap stabilitas emulsi bumbu batagor tetapi berpengaruh terhadap viskositas, warna dan mutu hedonik bumbu batagor. Bumbu batagor dengan 3 % substiusi memiliki mutu hedonic dalam skala antara suka dan sangat sulka dan mampu memberikan tambahan pro-vitamin A setara dengan 12, 13 % kebutuhan vitamin A untuk anak anak Kata kunci: Fraksi olein Minyak sawit merah (RPOO), bumbu kacang Batagor, stabilitas, viskositas, sensoris, pro-vitamin A Abstract The red palm olein oil (RPOOO) fraction is refined oil from crude palm oil (CPO) which has a high carotene content so that it can be a potential source of provitamin A if added to some traditional foods, including batagor sauce. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effect of red palm oil substitution (RPOO) on Batagor sauce physical characteristics, sensory quality, and the potential of provitamin A present in batagor spices substituted by RPOO . In this study, the batagor spices were substituted as much as 0%, 3% and 6% with RPOO. The variables observed in this study were physical characteristics (viscosity, stability and color), sensory (hedonic quality and Duo Trio test), and the content of provitamin A. The results showed that the substitution of RPOO had no effect on the emulsion stability of the Batagor did not affected by the treatment, but had an effect on the viscosity, color and hedonic quality of the Batagor spice. Batagor seasoning with 3% substitution has hedonic quality on a scale between like and very sulka and is able to provide additional pro-vitamin A equivalent to 12.13% of the need for vitamin A for children Key words: Red palm olein oil (RPOO), Batagor sauce, stability, viskosity, sensory quality, pro-vitamin A.

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Toti, Elisabetta, C. Y. Oliver Chen, Maura Palmery, Débora Villaño Valencia, and Ilaria Peluso. "Non-Provitamin A and Provitamin A Carotenoids as Immunomodulators: Recommended Dietary Allowance, Therapeutic Index, or Personalized Nutrition?" Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2018 (2018): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4637861.

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Vegetables and fruits contain non-provitamin A (lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin) and provitamin A (β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and α-carotene) carotenoids. Within these compounds, β-carotene has been extensively studied for its health benefits, but its supplementation at doses higher than recommended intakes induces adverse effects. β-Carotene is converted to retinoic acid (RA), a well-known immunomodulatory molecule. Human interventions suggest that β-carotene and lycopene at pharmacological doses affect immune functions after a depletion period of low carotenoid diet. However, these effects appear unrelated to carotenoids and retinol levels in plasma. Local production of RA in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, as well as the dependency of RA-induced effects on local inflammation, suggests that personalized nutrition/supplementation should be considered in the future. On the other hand, the differential effect of RA and lycopene on transforming growth factor-beta suggests that lycopene supplementation could improve immune functions without increasing risk for cancers. However, such preclinical evidence must be confirmed in human interventions before any recommendations can be made.

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CHEN, B. H., J. R. CHUANG, J. H. LIN, and C. P. CHIU. "Quantification of Provitamin A Compounds in ChInese Vegetables by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography." Journal of Food Protection 56, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-56.1.51.

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The provitamin A contents of 16 vegetables grown in Taiwan were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection. The amounts of the major provitamin A compounds, (β-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene, and β-carotene ranged from 0–6.8, 0–27.7, and 0.6–104.9 (μg/g, respectively. The highest β-carotene content was found in basil, followed by onion fragrant, kale, carrot, spinach, water convolvulus, mustard, green onion, garland chrysanthemum, sweet potato, green pepper, yellow com, mustard stem, lettuce, cabbage, and celeriac. Carrot was the only vegetable found to contain α-carotene while com was the vegetable to contain (β-cryptoxanthin.

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Nasriani, Nasriani. "EKSTRAKSI PIGMEN KAROTENOID PADA CANGKANG KEPITING SEBAGAI PEWARNA ALAMI YANG SEHAT." Akademika : Jurnal Ilmiah Media Publikasi Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi 7, no. 1 (May 30, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31314/akademika.v7i1.95.

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Extraction of carotenoid pigments from crab shells is a step to create healthy natural dyes through the utilization of industrial waste. Because, crab shells contain various types of carotenoid pigments that serve as provitamin A and antioxidants for the body.This research used maseration method by using silent solvent at room temperature. In the extraction process used 2: 1 solvent ratio with the shell then stored in a freezer temperature -20oC then applied to sausage and onde-onde food products. The resulting carotenoid pigment was analyzed using a spectrophotometer. The results showed that in 1kg of shell produced 531.25 mL / kg dye of carotenoid pigment consisting of pigment type astaxanthin, lutein, lycopene, β-carotene and cantaxanthin which served as provitamin A and antioxidant. Therefore the natural dye of the potent crab shells is used as a healthy natural dye. Ekstraksi pigmen karotenoid dari cangkang kepiting merupakan suatu langkah untuk menciptkan pewarna alami yang sehat melalui pemanfaatan limbah hasil industri. Sebab, cangkang kepiting mengandung berbagai jenis pigmen karotenoid yang berfungsi sebagai provitamin A dan antioksidan bagi tubuh.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode maserasi dengan menggunakan pelarut diam pada suhu ruangan. Dalam proses ekstraksi digunakan perbandingan pelarut 2 : 1 dengan cangkang kemudian disimpan dalam freezer bersuhu -20oC kemudian diaplikasikan pada produk makanan sosis dan onde-onde. Pigmen karotenoid yang dihasilkan dianalisa dengan menggunakan spektrofatometer.Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dalam 1kg cangkang dihasilkan 531,25 mL/Kg pewarna dari pigmen karotenoid yang terdiri dari jenis pigmen astaxanthin, lutein, likopen, β-caroten dan cantaxanthin yang berfungsi sebagai provitamin A dan antioksidan. Oleh karena itu pewarna alami dari cangkang kepiting potensil digunakan sebagai pewarna alami yang sehat.

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Khan, Nguyen Cong, Phan Van Huan, Nguyen Van Nhien, Le Danh Tuyen, Saskia de Pee, and Richard D. Semba. "Relationship of serum carotenoids and retinol with anaemia among pre-school children in the northern mountainous region of Vietnam." Public Health Nutrition 13, no. 11 (June 29, 2010): 1863–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980010000571.

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AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the relationship between serum carotenoids, retinol and anaemia among pre-school children.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted in two groups: anaemic and non-anaemic. Serum levels of retinol, α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin were measured in the study subjects.SettingSix rural communes of Dinh Hoa, a rural and mountainous district in Thai Nguyen Province, in the northern mountainous region of Vietnam.SubjectsA total of 682 pre-school children, aged 12–72 months, were recruited.ResultsGeometric mean serum concentrations of carotenoids (μmol/l) were 0·056 for α-carotene, 0·161 for β-carotene, 0·145 for β-cryptoxanthin, 0·078 for lycopene, 0·388 for lutein and 0·075 for zeaxanthin. The mean levels of Hb and serum retinol were 108·8 g/l and 1·02 μmol/l, respectively. The prevalence of anaemia and vitamin A deficiency was 53·7 % and 7·8 %, respectively. After adjusting for sex and stunting, serum retinol concentrations (μmol/l; OR = 2·06, 95 % CI 1·10, 3·86, P = 0·024) and total provitamin A carotenoids (μmol/l; OR = 1·52, 95 % CI 1·01, 2·28, P = 0·046) were independently associated with anaemia, but non-provitamin A carotenoids (μmol/l; OR = 0·93, 95 % CI 0·63, 1·37, P = 0·710) were not associated with anaemia.ConclusionsAmong pre-school children in the northern mountainous region of Vietnam, the prevalences of vitamin A deficiency and anaemia are high, and serum retinol and provitamin A carotenoids are independently associated with anaemia. Further studies are needed to determine if increased consumption of provitamin A carotenoids will reduce anaemia among pre-school children.

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Wijaraya, Hijra, Muhammad Wiharto Caronge, and Muhammad Rais. "PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN BUBUR DAUN KEMANGI ( Ocimim basilicum L. ) TERHADAP KANDUNGAN GIZI KERUPUK SAGU." Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Pertanian 5, no. 1 (February 10, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/jptp.v5i1.8192.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect adding gruel of basil leave to the nutritional content of sago crackers. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of the concentration of the adding gruel of basil leave, namely: 0% (Control), 10%, 15%, and 20%. The parameters observed in this study were chemical analysis (water content, levels of provitamin A (β-carotene), phosphorus content, antioxidant content) and organoleptic value of sago crackers. The results showed that the concentration of adding gruel of basil leave affect water content, levels of provitamin A, especially β-carotene, phosphorus levels, and antioxidant levels of sago crackers. Likewise, on the results of acceptance or the level of panelist fondness. The best treatment, in terms of chemical analysis and organoleptic test, is sago crackers with the addition of 10% concentration of adding gruel of basil leave, with a value water content of 7.96%, provitamin A content (β-carotene) level of 1.96%, phosphorus content of 0.045%, and 3.98% antioxidant content, fondness value of color 3.23, fondness value of aroma 3.65, fondness value of flavour 3.87, and fondness value of texture 3.93

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Tiwari, Abhay, Garima Singh, Gourav Choudhir, Mohit Motiwale, Nidhi Joshi, Vasudha Sharma, Rupesh K. Srivastava, Satyawati Sharma, Marco Tutone, and Pradeep Kumar Singour. "Deciphering the Potential of Pre and Pro-Vitamin D of Mushrooms against Mpro and PLpro Proteases of COVID-19: An In Silico Approach." Molecules 27, no. 17 (August 31, 2022): 5620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27175620.

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Vitamin D’s role in combating the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), the virus causing COVID-19, has been established in unveiling viable inhibitors of COVID-19. The current study investigated the role of pre and pro-vitamin D bioactives from edible mushrooms against Mpro and PLpro proteases of SARS-CoV-2 by computational experiments. The bioactives of mushrooms, specifically ergosterol (provitamin D2), 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin-D3), 22,23-dihydroergocalciferol (provitamin-D4), cholecalciferol (vitamin-D3), and ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) were screened against Mpro and PLpro. Molecular docking analyses of the generated bioactive protease complexes unravelled the differential docking energies, which ranged from −7.5 kcal/mol to −4.5 kcal/mol. Ergosterol exhibited the lowest binding energy (−7.5 kcal/mol) against Mpro and PLpro (−5.9 kcal/mol). The Molecular Mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann Surface Area (MMPBSA) and MD simulation analyses indicated that the generated complexes were stable, thus affirming the putative binding of the bioactives to viral proteases. Considering the pivotal role of vitamin D bioactives, their direct interactions against SARS-CoV-2 proteases highlight the promising role of bioactives present in mushrooms as potent nutraceuticals against COVID-19.

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Kusumawati, Daniar, Sri Widyarti, Maftuch Maftuch, and Sri Rahayu. "In Silico Study of Haematococcus pluvialis Biomarker Compound as Supplement to Fish Bone Remodelling." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 29, no. 3 (March 10, 2022): 330–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.29.3.330-342.

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This study aims to determine the docking predictions for RAR, RXR, and ROR in the bone remodeling pathway using Haematococcus, which is the highest carotenoid-producing microalgae. Furthermore, it determines the projection of using this carotenoid-producing alga in bone development. Carotenoids include provitamin A and non-provitamin A, which are predicted to replace vitamin A in bone control. It is also required in silico proof of carotenoids' function of bone remodeling control. Furthermore, molecular and visualization docking validation was conducted using PyRx and Discovery Studio Visualizer software respectively. According to binding affinity and RMSD value, each biomarker compound had particular binding sites on RARα, RARβ, RORβ, and RORγ. Astaxanthin was the only compound with binding sites on all four receptors. Through enzymatic action, provitamin A carotenoids can serve as a precursor to retinol, allowing them to act as a native RXR ligand. Therefore, the biomarker compound used in Haematococcus pluvialis can replace the role of vitamin A in the regulation of fish bones. The prediction of bone regulation in biomarker compounds through the RAR-RXR pathways inhibited osteoblast and osteclast. Otherwise, VDR-RXR pathways regulated osteoclast maturation and osteoblast mineralization.

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Kondwakwenda, Aleck, Julia Sibiya, Rebecca Zengeni, Cousin Musvosvi, and Samson Tesfay. "Screening of Provitamin-A Maize Inbred Lines for Drought Tolerance Using β-carotene Content: Morphophysiological and Biochemical Traits." Agronomy 9, no. 11 (October 29, 2019): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9110692.

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Provitamin A maize (Zea mays L.) biofortification is an ideal complementary means of combating vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in sub-Saharan Africa where maize consumption is high coupled by high VAD incidences. However, drought remains a major abiotic constraint to maize productivity in this region. Comprehensive drought screening of initial breeding materials before advancing them is important to achieve genetic gain. In this study, 46 provitamin-A inbred lines were screened for drought tolerance in the greenhouse and field under drought and optimum conditions using β-carotene content (BCC), grain yield (GY), and selected morphophysiological and biochemical traits. The results revealed that BCC, morphophysiological and biochemical traits were effective in discriminating among genotypes. Number of ears per plant (EPP), stomatal conductance (Gs), delayed leaf senescence (SEN), leaf rolling (RL), chlorophyll content (CC) and free proline content (PC) proved to be ideal traits to use when indirectly selecting for GY by virtue of having relative efficiency of indirect selection values that are greater than unity and considerable genetic variances under either or both conditions. The findings of this study form the basis of initial germplasm selection when improving provitamin A maize for drought tolerance.

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Rodríguez-Ruiz, Gonzalo, Pilar López, and José Martín. "Dietary vitamin D in female rock lizards induces condition-transfer effects in their offspring." Behavioral Ecology 31, no. 3 (February 14, 2020): 633–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/araa008.

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Abstract One way that maternal effects may benefit the offspring is by informing them about the characteristics of the environment. Through gestation, environmentally induced maternal effects might promote in the offspring-specific behavioral responses like dispersal or residence according to their new habitat characteristics. Females of the Carpetan rock lizard (Iberolacerta cyreni) seem to choose their home ranges using the smell of provitamin D3 in scent marks produced by males. Here, we supplemented gravid females of I. cyreni with dietary provitamin D3 or vitamin D3 to examine whether these food resources, also associated with the scent of males, affect the motivation to disperse and the locomotor performance of their offspring. Our results suggest that the supplementary availability of the resource (vitamin D3) to mothers may provoke condition-transfer maternal effects that motivate the residence or the dispersal of the offspring in their postnatal habitat. Thus, hatchlings of supplemented females had a lower dispersal trend in spite of having a greater climbing ability than hatchlings from nonsupplemented females. This suggests that the levels of provitamin D3 and vitamin D3 inside the body of the mother could act as an informative compound of the habitat quality for the offspring.

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Terenetskaya, I. P., Yu M. Samchenko, T. N. Orlova, N. A. Pasmurceva, P. S. Kapinos, I. E. Boldeskul, and Z. R. Ulberg. "Photoisomerization of Provitamin D in Hydrogel Matrix." Soft 02, no. 02 (2013): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/soft.2013.22003.

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Harrison, Earl H., and J. Cecil Smith. "Provitamin A food sources and serum retinol." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 70, no. 4 (October 1, 1999): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/70.4.575.

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Bendich, Adrianne. "Non-provitamin A activity of carotenoids: immunoenhancement." Trends in Food Science & Technology 2 (January 1991): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-2244(91)90648-3.

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Ostermeyer, Ute, and Thomas Schmidt. "Vitamin D and provitamin D in fish." European Food Research and Technology 222, no. 3-4 (October 6, 2005): 403–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00217-005-0086-y.

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Rodriguez-Amaya, Delia B. "Provitamin A Determination Problems and Possible Solutions." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 12, no. 3 (September 1990): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659001200311.

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Gliesing, Sabine, Hans-Dieter Ilge, Manfred Reichenbächer, and Dieter Faßler. "Photokinetische Untersuchungen zur Isomerisierung von Provitamin D3." Zeitschrift für Chemie 24, no. 4 (August 31, 2010): 150–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zfch.19840240427.

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Terenetskaya, I. P., O. G. Perminova, and A. M. Yeremenko. "Photoisomerization of provitamin D in dispersive systems." Journal of Molecular Structure 219 (March 1990): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2860(90)80082-u.

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Oguntoye, Modupeola, Olufunke Ezekiel, and Olayinka Oridupa. "Provitamin A cassava hydrolysate with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG regulates weight gain, lipids and postprandial glycemia in wistar rats and humans." Nutrition & Food Science 52, no. 2 (December 28, 2021): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-02-2021-0057.

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Purpose This study aims to evaluate the effect of probiotic provitamin A cassava hydrolysate with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (hLGG) on weight and lipid profile of Wistar rats and its glycemic index using Wistar rats and human subjects. Design/methodology/approach Adult male Wistar rats (n = 40, 120–150 g) were orally administered provitamin A cassava hydrolysate with 1 × 1010, 2 × 1010 and 4 × 1010 CFU/g encapsulated or CFU/mL free Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG for 30 days, during which weight and lipid profile of rats were monitored. Blood glucose levels of rats and human subjects were also measured in Oral Glucose Tolerance Test to determine the Glycemic indices of hLGG. Findings Rats administered the highest doses of free or encapsulated hLGG [(4 × 1010 CFU) (PHE4 and PHF4, respectively)] had the lowest (18.2 ± 0.7 and 8.0 ± 0.6%, respectively, p < 0.001) percentage body weight gain compared to control (40 ± 0.6%). Lowest cholesterol and triglyceride (42.4 ± 0.5 and 44.4 ± 0.7 g/dL, p < 0.001, respectively) were observed in rats administered PHE4, with the lowest plasma glucose concentrations in PHE4 and PHF4 groups (43 ± 1 and 49 ± 0.7 g/dL, p < 0.001, respectively). Oral Glucose Tolerance Test for rats and human subjects showed lower peak blood glucose levels and glycemic indices in hLGG groups compared to controls in a dose-dependent manner. Originality/value Consumption of soft drinks, which supply non-nutritive energy, may lead to degenerative metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. Beverages with probiotics such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, on the other hand, offer a positive weight management approach. Development of non-dairy beverages such as provitamin A cassava hLGG is ongoing. Provitamin A cassava hLGG showed its ability to control weight gain, blood glucose levels and serum lipids. Thus, the beverage can be consumed as a healthy alternative to soft drinks and for weight management.

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Rodríguez-Ruiz, Gonzalo, Pilar López, and José Martín. "Possible reproductive benefits to female Carpetan rock lizards of pre-sensory bias towards chemical signals." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 127, no. 4 (May 14, 2019): 787–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz056.

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Abstract Female Carpetan rock lizards (Iberolacerta cyreni) might assess the quality of males from their chemical signals. Females select areas scent marked by males with secretions containing high proportions of provitamin D to ensure mating with high-quality males. However, an alternative explanation might be that females are not choosing a mate, but that females have a pre-sensory bias for chemical cues of vitamin D in the food and are, in fact, assessing habitat quality to obtain direct benefits of increasing the intake of vitamin D. We evaluated experimentally the possible benefits of a nutritional supplement of provitamin D or vitamin D in pregnant females for their clutches and offspring. However, we did not find large differences between treatments, except in the lower body condition of juveniles of mothers supplemented with provitamin D. We also tested the chemosensory interest of females in the scent of males to study the existence of a sensory bias; this response decreased when the amount of dietary vitamin D exceeded their needs. The results suggest that there are no reproductive benefits in the intake of additional vitamin D and that the potential sensory bias to scents of males could be related to the physiological needs of the females.

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Yee, Michelle Min Fang, Kok-Yong Chin, Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana, and Sok Kuan Wong. "Vitamin A and Bone Health: A Review on Current Evidence." Molecules 26, no. 6 (March 21, 2021): 1757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061757.

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Vitamin A is a fat-soluble micronutrient essential for growth, immunity, and good vision. The preformed retinol is commonly found in food of animal origin whereas provitamin A is derived from food of plant origin. This review summarises the current evidence from animal, human and cell-culture studies on the effects of vitamin A towards bone health. Animal studies showed that the negative effects of retinol on the skeleton were observed at higher concentrations, especially on the cortical bone. In humans, the direct relationship between vitamin A and poor bone health was more pronounced in individuals with obesity or vitamin D deficiency. Mechanistically, vitamin A differentially influenced the stages of osteogenesis by enhancing early osteoblastic differentiation and inhibiting bone mineralisation via retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signalling and modulation of osteocyte/osteoblast-related bone peptides. However, adequate vitamin A intake through food or supplements was shown to maintain healthy bones. Meanwhile, provitamin A (carotene and β-cryptoxanthin) may also protect bone. In vitro evidence showed that carotene and β-cryptoxanthin may serve as precursors for retinoids, specifically all-trans-retinoic acid, which serve as ligand for RARs to promote osteogenesis and suppressed nuclear factor-kappa B activation to inhibit the differentiation and maturation of osteoclasts. In conclusion, we suggest that both vitamin A and provitamin A may be potential bone-protecting agents, and more studies are warranted to support this hypothesis.

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Kusuma, Arifiya Ayu, Eko Nurcahya Dewi, and Ima Wijayanti. "Lost Nutrition Differences Frozen Milkfish Non Whip Out Spines and Whip Out Spines During Low Storage." Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia 20, no. 1 (April 28, 2017): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v20i1.16509.

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Freezing was one alternative way to maintain the quality of the fish. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of nutrients lost from frozen fish drip non whip out spines and whip out spines on a long pull at different low storage temperatures of 2-5°C. The method used was experimental laboratory with the basic design of completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial pattern and repeated 3 times. Parameters measured were driploss test, the fat, water, protein and provitamin A content<br />in the drip, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) analysis and organoleptic test. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that treatment of non whip out spines and whip out spines fish freezing and storage time gave a significant effect (P<0,05) on driploss; fat, moisture, protein,<br />provitamin A content in the drip; Morphological image test with SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and organoleptic value. Driploss frozen fish of non whip out spines damaged 2 times greater than whip out spines, Value provitamin in the drip of non whip out spines frozen fish in the begunning of storage that was 185.28±9.85 µg/100g and in the endof storage was 257.23±17.00 µg/100g and organoleptic value of non whip out spines was 7.91±0.90 and whip out spines 7.53±1.06 in the end of storage.

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Dzakovich, Michael, Hawi Debelo, Marc Albertsen, Ping Che, Todd Jones, Marissa Simon, Zuo-Yu Zhao, and Mario Ferruzzi. "Trait Stacking Simultaneously Enhances Mineral and Provitamin a Carotenoid Bioaccessibility in Biofortified Sorghum bicolor." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac074.008.

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Abstract Objectives Vitamin A, iron, and zinc deficiencies represent major dietary inadequacies in Sub-Saharan Africa and disproportionately affect women and children. Biotechnology strategies have been tested to individually improve carotenoid or mineral content and/or bioaccessibility in relevant cereal crops such as sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). However, approaches combining carotenoid and mineral enhancement in the same event have not been thoroughly evaluated. This work evaluated genetically engineered sorghum events that simultaneously enhanced provitamin A carotenoid accumulation and reduced the mineral limiting antinutrient phytate. Methods Two sorghum transformation constructs containing HGGT, to increase vitamin E accumulation and stabilize provitamin A carotenoids during grain storage, CRTI, to increase provitamin A biosynthesis, PSY1 or CRTB, to increase flux through the carotenoid pathway, and PhyA, to decrease phytate, were engineered to produce transgenic events. These sorghum events were processed into model porridges and evaluated for carotenoid and mineral content as well as bioaccessibility. Results All transgenic events produced markedly higher amounts of carotenoids compared to corresponding null segregants and wild-type control (Tx430). A steeping step prior to porridge production to pre-activate phytase drastically reduced phytate content, altered the profile of inositol phosphate conversion products, and reduced molar ratios of phytate to iron and zinc; preventing the chelation of minerals by phytate and enhancing their bioaccessibility. The subsequent release of minerals did not affect micellarization efficiency and the bioaccessible fraction of provitamin A carotenoids were over 2300% greater in transgenic events compared to corresponding null segregants and wild-type controls; providing 53.7% of a 4–8-year-old child's vitamin A estimated average requirement in a standard 200 g serving of porridge. Conclusions These data suggest that a combination of strategies to enhance micronutrient content and bioaccessibility are feasible and warrant further assessment in human studies. Funding Sources This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service as well as the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

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de Pee, Saskia, Clive E. West, Muhilal, Darwin Karyadi, and Joseph G. A. J. Hautvast. "Can Increased Vegetable Consumption Improve Iron Status?" Food and Nutrition Bulletin 17, no. 1 (March 1996): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659601700107.

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Theoretically, vegetable consumption could improve iron status. First, vegetables contain iron. Second, when the provitamin A carotenoids in vegetables improve vitamin A status, the result could be increased iron levels. Most studies on vegetable consumption have focused on improvements in vitamin A status, and only very few have addressed iron status. From a review of the literature and a recent study in Indonesia, we conclude that the data on the effectiveness of vegetables to improve the levels of both nutrients are inconclusive. The bioavailability of both iron and provitamin A carotenoids might be lower than expected. It is necessary to conduct other intervention studies using plant foods, animal foods, and fortified foods. In the meantime, other strategies that have been proved to reduce iron and vitamin A deficiencies should continue.

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von Lintig, Johannes. "Provitamin A metabolism and functions in mammalian biology." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 96, no. 5 (October 10, 2012): 1234S—1244S. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.034629.

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Tumuhimbise, Gaston Ampek, Agnes Namutebi, Florence Turyashemererwa, and John Muyonga. "Provitamin A Crops: Acceptability, Bioavailability, Efficacy and Effectiveness." Food and Nutrition Sciences 04, no. 04 (2013): 430–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/fns.2013.44055.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Provitamin A'

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