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Journal articles on the topic 'Proximal renal tubules'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 September 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Dominguez, J. H., M. Juhaszova, S. B. Kleiboeker, C. C. Hale, and H. A. Feister. "Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger of rat proximal tubule: gene expression and subcellular localization." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 263, no. 5 (1992): F945—F950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1992.263.5.f945.

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The activity of the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger, a membrane transporter that mediates Ca2+ efflux, has been described in amphibian and mammalian renal proximal tubules. However, demonstration of cell-specific expression of the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger in proximal renal tubules has been restricted to functional assays. In this work, Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger gene expression in rat proximal tubules was characterized by three additional criteria: functional assay of transport activity in membrane vesicles derived from proximal tubules, expression of specific Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger protein detected on Western blots

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2

Beyenbach, Klaus W. "Kidneys sans glomeruli." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 286, no. 5 (2004): F811—F827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00351.2003.

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The evolution of the vertebrate kidney records three occasions, each separated by about 50 million years, when fish have abandoned glomeruli to produce urine by tubular mechanisms. The recurring dismissal of glomeruli suggests a mechanism of aglomerular urine formation intrinsic to renal tubules. Indeed, the transepithelial secretion of organic solutes and of inorganic solutes such as sulfate, phosphate, and magnesium can all drive secretory water flow in renal proximal tubules of fish. However, the secretion of NaCl via secondary active transport of Cl is the primary mover of secretory water

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3

Ramachandran, C., and M. G. Brunette. "The renal Na+/Ca2+ exchange system is located exclusively in the distal tubule." Biochemical Journal 257, no. 1 (1989): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2570259.

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The movement of Ca2+ across the basolateral plasma membrane was determined in purified preparations of this membrane isolated from rabbit proximal and distal convoluted tubules. The ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake was present in basolateral membranes from both these tubular segments, but the activity was higher in the distal tubules. A very active Na+/Ca2+ exchange system was also demonstrated in the distal-tubular membranes, but in proximal-tubular membranes this exchange system was not demonstrable. The presence of Na+ outside the vesicles gradually inhibited the ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake in the d

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4

Maurel, Agnès, Odile Spreux-Varoquaux, Francesco Amenta, et al. "Vesicular monoamine transporter 1 mediates dopamine secretion in rat proximal tubular cells." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 292, no. 5 (2007): F1592—F1598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00514.2006.

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Renal dopamine, synthesized by proximal tubules, plays an important role in the regulation of renal sodium excretion. Although the renal dopaminergic system has been extensively investigated in both physiological and pathological situations, the mechanisms whereby dopamine is stored and secreted by proximal tubule cells remain obscure. In the present study we investigated whether vesicular monoamine transporters (VMAT)-1 and -2, which participate in amine storing and secretion, are expressed in rat renal proximal tubules, and we defined their involvement in dopamine secretion. By combining RT-

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5

Takeuchi, Kazuhiro, Sayumi Kawamura, Yukihiro Wada, et al. "Renal Impairment of Proximal Tubular Injury Caused by Red Yeast Rice Supplement: Report of 2 Cases." Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis 14, no. 1 (2024): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000540258.

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Introduction: Drug-induced tubulointerstitial injury is a common cause of renal impairment. Since the mechanisms of drug-induced tubular injury are diverse, various treatment approaches are needed according to the pathogenesis. Renal biopsy is indispensable to determine not only the pathological diagnosis, but also the underlying mechanism, and to guide appropriate treatment. Most recently, one of the red yeast supplements has been widely highlighted as a novel cause of tubular damage, mainly in Japan and Asia. However, neither detailed pathological findings nor the mechanism of renal impairme

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6

Miller, D. S. "Daunomycin secretion by killfish renal proximal tubules." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 269, no. 2 (1995): R370—R379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1995.269.2.r370.

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Epifluorescence microscopy and video-image analysis were used to measure the uptake of the fluorescent anthracycline daunomycin by intact killifish renal proximal tubules. When tubules were incubated in medium containing 2-5 microM daunomycin, the drug accumulated in the cells and the tubular lumen. At steady state, luminal fluorescence was two to three times greater than cellular fluorescence. Luminal accumulation of daunomycin was reduced when tubules were exposed to the multidrug-resistance (MDR) transporter modifiers verapamil and cyclosporin A (CSA), but not tetraethylammonium (TEA), a mo

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7

Gewin, Leslie S. "Sugar or Fat? Renal Tubular Metabolism Reviewed in Health and Disease." Nutrients 13, no. 5 (2021): 1580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051580.

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The kidney is a highly metabolically active organ that relies on specialized epithelial cells comprising the renal tubules to reabsorb most of the filtered water and solutes. Most of this reabsorption is mediated by the proximal tubules, and high amounts of energy are needed to facilitate solute movement. Thus, proximal tubules use fatty acid oxidation, which generates more adenosine triphosphate (ATP) than glucose metabolism, as its preferred metabolic pathway. After kidney injury, metabolism is altered, leading to decreased fatty acid oxidation and increased lactic acid generation. This revi

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8

Syal, Ashu, Susan Schiavi, Sumana Chakravarty, Vangipuram Dwarakanath, Raymond Quigley, and Michel Baum. "Fibroblast growth factor-23 increases mouse PGE2 production in vivo and in vitro." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 290, no. 2 (2006): F450—F455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00234.2005.

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Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) has been implicated in the renal phosphate wasting in X-linked hypophosphatemia, tumor-induced osteomalacia, and autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets. Recently, we demonstrated that Hyp mice have greater urinary PGE2 levels compared with C57/B6 mice and that indomethacin administration in vivo and in vitro ameliorates the phosphate transport defect in Hyp mice. To determine further whether altered prostaglandin metabolism plays a role in the renal phosphate transport defect in Hyp mice, we incubated renal proximal tubules with arachidonic acid. We fi

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9

Deebajah, M., Z. Qu, and P. Zhang. "GATA3 Is a Useful Immunohistochemical Marker to Differentiate Variants of Renal Tubular Lesions from Different Segments of Renal Tubules." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 156, Supplement_1 (2021): S152—S153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqab191.325.

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Abstract Introduction/Objective GATA3 is found in glomerular mesangial cells, and the distal tubules & collecting ducts in metanephros and eventual kidneys, but not associated with the proximal tubules and loops of Henle. We hypothesize that GATA3 can be used as a marker to identify the origin of tubular differentiation in most renal tumors. Methods/Case Report Ten negative controls and 43 renal mass lesions (RCC, papillary, clear cell papillary, and chromophobe carcinomas, oncocytoma, and polycystic kidney disease). GATA3 nuclear stain was graded as negative (absent stain), equivocal and

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10

Li, Huiping, Xiyou Zhou, Deborah R. Davis, Di Xu, and Curt D. Sigmund. "An androgen-inducible proximal tubule-specific Cre recombinase transgenic model." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 294, no. 6 (2008): F1481—F1486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00064.2008.

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To facilitate the study of renal proximal tubules, we generated a transgenic mouse strain expressing an improved Cre recombinase (iCre) under the control of the kidney androgen-regulated protein (KAP) promoter. The transgene was expressed in the kidney of male mice but not in female mice. Treatment of female transgenic mice with androgen induced robust expression of the transgene in the kidney. We confirmed the presence of Cre recombinase activity and the cell specificity by breeding the KAP2-iCRE mice with ROSA26 reporter mice. X-Gal staining of kidney sections from male double transgenic mic

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11

GOBÉ, GLENDA, XIAO-JU ZHANG, DESLEY A. WILLGOSS, ESTELLE SCHOCH, NICOLE A. HOGG, and ZOLTÁN H. ENDRE. "Relationship between Expression of Bcl-2 Genes and Growth Factors in Ischemic Acute Renal Failure in the Rat." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 11, no. 3 (2000): 454–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v113454.

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Abstract. The promotion of cell survival and regeneration in acute renal failure (ARF) is important for restitution of renal function. This study analyzes the temporal and spatial relationship between expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 gene family (Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bax) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), growth factors that are thought to be reparative in ARF. A rat model of ischemic ARF involving 30 min of bilateral renal artery occlusion followed by reperfusion for 0 to 14 d was used. Apopto

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12

Shah, Mehul, Raymond Quigley, and Michel Baum. "Maturation of rabbit proximal straight tubule chloride/base exchange." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 274, no. 5 (1998): F883—F888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1998.274.5.f883.

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The present in vitro microperfusion study compared the mechanism and rates of NaCl transport in neonatal and adult rabbit proximal straight tubules. In proximal straight tubules perfused with a late proximal tubular fluid and bathed in a serumlike albumin solution, the rate of volume absorption ( J V) was 0.54 ± 0.10 and 0.12 ± 0.05 nl ⋅ mm−1 ⋅ min−1in adults and neonates, respectively ( P < 0.05). With the addition of 10−5 M bath ouabain, J Vdecreased to 0.27 ± 0.07 and −0.03 ± 0.04 nl ⋅ mm−1 ⋅ min−1in adult and neonatal tubules, respectively ( P < 0.05), consistent with lower rates of

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13

Wen, Donghai, Li Ni, Li You, et al. "Upregulation of nestin in proximal tubules may participate in cell migration during renal repair." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 303, no. 11 (2012): F1534—F1544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00083.2012.

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The characteristics of renal tubular progenitor/precursor cells and the role of renal tubule regeneration in the repair of remnant kidneys (RKs) after nephrectomy are not well known. In the present study of a murine model of subtotal nephrectomy, we used immunofluorescence (IF), immunoblot analysis, and in situ hybridization methods to demonstrate that nestin expression was transiently upregulated in tubule cells near the incision edges of RKs. The nestin-positive tubules were immature proximal tubules that colabeled with lotus tetragonolobus agglutinin but not with markers of mature tubules (

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14

Miller, D. S., and J. B. Pritchard. "Nocodazole inhibition of organic anion secretion in teleost renal proximal tubules." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 267, no. 3 (1994): R695—R704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1994.267.3.r695.

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The impact of the microtubule-disrupting drug nocodazole on renal tubular secretion of organic anions was examined in vitro using proximal tubular masses from teleost fish. Nocodazole reversibly inhibited 20-30% of the tubular accumulation of two model organic anions, p-aminohippurate and fluorescein (FL), by winter flounder tubular masses. However, the drug had no effect on the initial rate of organic anion uptake. Thus it did not reduce transport into the cells at the basolateral membrane, either directly by affecting basolateral organic anion transport proteins or indirectly by altering met

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15

Zager, Richard A., Ali C. M. Johnson, Steven Lund, and Julie Randolph-Habecker. "Toll-like receptor (TLR4) shedding and depletion: acute proximal tubular cell responses to hypoxic and toxic injury." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 292, no. 1 (2007): F304—F312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00237.2006.

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Acute renal failure (ARF) induces tubular hyperresponsiveness to TLR4 ligands, culminating in exaggerated renal cytokine/chemokine production. However, the fate of TLR4 protein during acute tubular injury remains unknown. The study sought new insights into this issue. Male CD-1 mice were subjected to 1) unilateral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), 2) cisplatin (CP) nephrotoxicity, or 3) glycerol-induced myohemoglobinuric ARF. Renal cortical TLR4 protein (Western blotting, immunohistochemistry) and TLR4 mRNA levels (RT-PCR) were determined thereafter (90 min-4 days). Urinary TLR4 excretion post-I/R o

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16

Harris, P. J., M. E. Cooper, S. Hiranyachattada, et al. "Amylin stimulates proximal tubular sodium transport and cell proliferation in the rat kidney." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 272, no. 1 (1997): F13—F21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1997.272.1.f13.

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In autoradiographic studies in anesthetized rats, 125I-labeled amylin binding was associated with proximal convoluted tubules but not distal tubules, interstitium, or glomeruli in the renal cortex. Split-drop micropuncture experiments showed that perfusion of the peritubular capillaries with amylin (10(-9) M) stimulated proximal tubular fluid absorption by 28%. This effect was inhibited by luminal addition of ethylisopropylamiloride, indicating mediation by a brush-border Na+/H+ exchanger. Intravenous infusion of an amylin binding antagonist, AC-187, reduced proximal fluid reabsorption (22%) i

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17

Tang, M. J., and R. L. Tannen. "Metabolic substrates alter attachment and differentiated functions of proximal tubule cell culture." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 4, no. 11 (1994): 1908–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v4111908.

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Proximal tubules cultured in vitro gradually lose their differentiated functions. Because standard culture media lacks several substrates important for renal proximal tubule oxidative metabolism, whether a mixture of substrates including butyrate, alanine, and lactate (BAL) would modify growth and/or differentiated function of proximal tubular cells in culture was examined. Tubules cultured in media supplemented with 2 mM butyrate, alanine, and lactate exhibited enhanced attachment but did not exhibit an altered growth rate. Higher levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and leucine-amino

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18

Cessac-Guillemet, A. L., F. Mounier, C. Borot, et al. "Characterization and distribution of albumin binding protein in normal rat kidney." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 271, no. 1 (1996): F101—F107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1996.271.1.f101.

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The mechanism by which proteins that pass through the glomerular basal lamina are taken up by proximal tubule cells is incompletely characterized. Past work has identified the kinetics of albumin binding to renal brush-border membrane. We have now purified and characterized albumin binding protein (ABP) and shown its distribution in renal proximal tubular cells. ABP was purified from rat renal proximal tubular cell brush-border membrane by affinity chromatography with rat serum albumin-Sepharose. The resulting ABP had two apparent molecular masses (55 and 31 kDa) by sodium dodecyl sulfate-poly

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19

Tank, Julia E., William L. Henrich, and Orson W. Moe. "Regulation of glomerular and proximal tubule renin mRNA by chronic changes in dietary NaCl." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 273, no. 6 (1997): F892—F898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1997.273.6.f892.

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Renal adaptations to chronic changes in dietary NaCl and extracellular fluid volume involve both glomerular and tubular mechanisms that result in preservation of glomerular filtration rate and modifications of renal tubular transport to secure external NaCl balance. Although the systemic renin-angiotensin system (RAS) mediates some of these responses, the possible contributions of local glomerular and proximal tubule RASs in these adaptations have not been examined. Thus, in this study, glomeruli and proximal tubules were microdissected from rats adapted to high (4.0%)-, normal (0.5%), or low

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20

Tripathi, S., E. L. Boulpaep, and A. B. Maunsbach. "Isolated perfused Ambystoma proximal tubule: hydrodynamics modulates ultrastructure." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 252, no. 6 (1987): F1129—F1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1987.252.6.f1129.

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A method using a pressure-sensing servo-pipette is described for measuring downstream transepithelial pressure within isolated renal tubules perfused at flow rates designed to keep luminal solution composition constant. The hydrodynamics of in vitro microperfusion of isolated proximal tubules of Ambystoma tigrinum was varied and different states of transepithelial hydrostatic pressure difference, axial tubule flow, and transepithelial transport were correlated with epithelial ultrastructure. Tubules analyzed by ultrastructural morphometry were as follows: unperfused with and without ouabain, p

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21

Cui, S., P. J. Verroust, S. K. Moestrup, and E. I. Christensen. "Megalin/gp330 mediates uptake of albumin in renal proximal tubule." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 271, no. 4 (1996): F900—F907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1996.271.4.f900.

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Serum albumin filtered in renal glomeruli is reabsorbed very efficiently in the proximal tubule by endocytosis. The present study was undertaken to determine whether megalin/gp330 binds and mediates endocytosis of albumin. Rat serum albumin (RSA) labeled with 125I and colloidal gold particles labeled with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were microinfused into rat surface proximal tubules in vivo, and tubular uptake was determined in the presence or absence of different substances known to interfere with ligand binding to megalin. Binding of 125I-BSA and 125I-RSA to purified megalin was also determi

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22

Carone, F. A., E. I. Christensen, and G. Flouret. "Degradation and transport of AVP by proximal tubule." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 253, no. 6 (1987): F1120—F1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1987.253.6.f1120.

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High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that [3,4,5-3H-Phe3,Arg8]vasopressin ([3H]AVP) was not degraded by isolated renal brush-border membranes or by a cortical lysosomal fraction in vitro; however, in the presence of 1 mM reduced glutathione, [3H]AVP was degraded by both preparations. Renal cortical homogenates in vitro and luminal peptidases of proximal tubule in vivo degraded [3H]AVP and in both instances yielded phenylalanine, hexapeptide AVP 1-6, heptapeptide AVP 1-7, octapeptide AVP 1-8, and two uncharacterized products X and Y. These data suggest that filtered A

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23

Palau, Vanesa, Sofia Villanueva, Josué Jarrín, et al. "Redefining the Role of ADAM17 in Renal Proximal Tubular Cells and Its Implications in an Obese Mouse Model of Pre-Diabetes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 23 (2021): 13093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222313093.

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Acute and chronic kidney lesions induce an increase in A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase domain 17 (ADAM17) that cleaves several transmembrane proteins related to inflammatory and fibrotic pathways. Our group has demonstrated that renal ADAM17 is upregulated in diabetic mice and its inhibition decreases renal inflammation and fibrosis. The purpose of the present study was to analyze how Adam17 deletion in proximal tubules affects different renal structures in an obese mice model. Tubular Adam17 knockout male mice and their controls were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 22 weeks. Glucose toleran

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24

M, Lubis, Alvarino Alvarino, Tofrizal Tofrizal, and Erkadius Erkadius. "Pengaruh Pemberian Valsartan Dan Kurkumin Terhadap Pembentukan Fibrosis Di Tubulus Proksimal Ginjal Akibat Obstruksi Ureter Unilateral pada Tikus Wistar." Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas 2, no. 1 (2013): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jka.v2i1.53.

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AbstrakPendahuluan: Obstruksi ureter adalah kondisi terhalangnya aliran urin dari ginjal ke buli-buli, adanya obstruksi pada ureter memperlambat laju filtrasi glomerulus dan dapat menyebabkan kerusakan parenkim ginjal. Fibrosis pada ginjal yang obstruksi timbul melalui dua mediator yaitu tumor nekrotik factor (TNF-α) dan angiotensin II. Penghambatan kedua mediator ini akan menurunkan tingkat fibrosis di tubulus proksimal ginjal akibat obstruksi. Zat yang bisa menghambat TNF-α salah satunya adalah kurkumin sedangkan Angitensin II dapat dihambat dengan valsatran. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan

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25

VOGEL, MORITZ, BETTINA KRÄNZLIN, JÖRG BIBER, HEINI MURER, NORBERT GRETZ, and SEBASTIAN BACHMANN. "Altered Expression of Type II Sodium/Phosphate Contransporter in Polycystic Kidney Disease." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 11, no. 10 (2000): 1926–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v11101926.

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Abstract. Renal phosphate (Pi) absorption is mediated via the type II sodium/Pi cotransporter (NaPi-2) in the brush border membrane (BBM) of proximal tubules. Simultaneous detection of NaPi-2 mRNA by in situ hybridization and of NaPi-2 immunoreactivity by immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate the distribution of the cotransporter in healthy control rats and during progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The purpose of the study was to disclose a relation between proximal tubular cell differentiation and NaPi-2 expression. In controls, NaPi-2 expression

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26

Lee, H. Thomas, Michael Jan, Soo Chan Bae, et al. "A1 adenosine receptor knockout mice are protected against acute radiocontrast nephropathy in vivo." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 290, no. 6 (2006): F1367—F1375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00347.2005.

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The role of renal A1 adenosine receptors (A1AR) in the pathogenesis of radiocontrast nephropathy is controversial. We aimed to further elucidate the role of A1AR in the pathogenesis of radiocontrast nephropathy and determine whether renal proximal tubule A1AR contribute to the radiocontrast nephropathy. To induce radiocontrast nephropathy, A1AR wild-type (WT) or knockout (KO) mice were injected with a nonionic radiocontrast (iohexol, 1.5–3 g iodine/kg). Some A1WT mice were pretreated with 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX; a selective A1AR antagonist) before iohexol injection. A1AR con

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27

Yanagawa, N., and O. D. Jo. "Possible role of calcium in parathyroid hormone actions in rabbit renal proximal tubules." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 250, no. 5 (1986): F942—F948. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1986.250.5.f942.

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Using a glucose microassay and in vitro isolated renal tubule perfusion technique, we have studied the actions of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on gluconeogenesis (GNG) and fluid (Jv) and phosphate (Jp) transport rates in isolated rabbit renal proximal tubules. In proximal straight tubules (PST), PTH stimulated GNG and inhibited Jv and Jp. In proximal convoluted tubules (PCT), PTH inhibited Jv but failed to affect GNG and Jp. An increase in Ca concentration, however, stimulated GNG and allowed PTH to inhibit Jp in PCT. Addition of the intracellular Ca antagonists trifluoperazine and N-(6-aminohexy

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28

Cliff, W. H., and K. W. Beyenbach. "Fluid secretion in glomerular renal proximal tubules of freshwater-adapted fish." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 254, no. 1 (1988): R154—R158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1988.254.1.r154.

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Tubular secretion by renal proximal tubules, as a mechanism for delivering fluid and electrolytes to the urine, has received little attention in modern conceptions of renal function in vertebrates even though it is the mechanism for urine production in aglomerular fish. This report demonstrates that some proximal tubules of glomerular kidneys of freshwater-adapted euryhaline fish spontaneously secrete fluid. The fluid consists primarily of Na (138 mM) and Cl (160 mM). NaCl and fluid secretion can be stimulated by adenosine 3',5-cyclic monophosphate, suggesting that tubular fluid secretion is u

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29

Goralski, Kerry B., Dwayne G. Stupack, Grant M. Hatch, and Daniel S. Sitar. "Perturbation of rat renal tubule transport of the organic cation amantadine in recent onset streptozotocin-induced diabetes and in uninephrectomy." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 79, no. 1 (2001): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y00-104.

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The effects of early-stage diabetes mellitus and uninephrectomy on the renal tubule transport of amantadine were investigated. Kidney tubules were isolated from streptozotocin-induced diabetic (± insulin treatment), uninephrectomized, and control male Sprague-Dawley rats. There were no differences in the Km of amantadine uptake in renal proximal and distal tubules for the imposed treatments compared with control values. Vmax for amantadine uptake in the proximal tubules of diabetic and uninephrectomized rats was higher than the respective control (P < 0.05). Vmax for insulin-treated diabeti

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30

Handa, Rajash K., Jack W. Strandhoy, Carlos E. Giammattei, and Shelly E. Handa. "Platelet-activating factor and solute transport processes in the kidney." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 284, no. 2 (2003): F274—F281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00117.2002.

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We examined the hemodynamic and tubular transport mechanisms by which platelet-activating factor (PAF) regulates salt and water excretion. In anesthetized, renally denervated male Wistar rats, with raised systemic blood pressure and renal arterial blood pressure maintained at normal levels, intrarenal PAF infusion at 2.5 ng · min−1 · kg−1resulted in a small fall in systemic blood pressure (no change in renal arterial blood pressure) and an increase in renal blood flow and urinary water, sodium, and potassium excretion rates. The PAF-induced changes in cardiovascular and renal hemodynamic funct

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31

Beyenbach, K. W., and E. Fromter. "Electrophysiological evidence for Cl secretion in shark renal proximal tubules." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 248, no. 2 (1985): F282—F295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1985.248.2.f282.

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The electrophysiology of shark proximal tubules (Squalus acanthias) was investigated using conventional microelectrodes and cable analysis. Under in vitro perfusion with symmetrical Ringer solutions, tubule transepithelial resistance was 36.3 +/- 2.3 omega X cm2 (means +/- SE, n = 44). Other electrophysiological variables varied widely under control conditions. In unstimulated tubules (n = 16) the transepithelial voltage (VT,o) was lumen positive (1.2 +/- 0.2 mV), the basolateral membrane potential (Vbl,x) was -61.3 +/- 1.6 mV, and the fractional resistance of the apical membrane (fRa) was 0.6

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32

Abuazza, Ghazala, Amy Becker, Scott S. Williams, et al. "Claudins 6, 9, and 13 are developmentally expressed renal tight junction proteins." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 291, no. 6 (2006): F1132—F1141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00063.2006.

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The adult proximal tubule is a low-resistance epithelium where there are high rates of both active transcellular and passive paracellular NaCl transport. We have previously demonstrated that the neonatal rabbit and rat proximal tubule have substantively different passive paracellular transport properties than the adult proximal tubule, which results in a maturational change in the paracellular passive flux of ions. Neonatal proximal tubules have a higher PNa/PCl ratio and lower chloride and bicarbonate permeabilities than adult proximal tubules. Claudins are a large family of proteins which ar

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Lewington, Andrew J. P., Babu J. Padanilam, Daniel R. Martin, and Marc R. Hammerman. "Expression of CD44 in kidney after acute ischemic injury in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 278, no. 1 (2000): R247—R254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.1.r247.

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De novo CD44 and ligand expression at wound margins accompanies cellular proliferation and migration that effect repair of injured mucosal and vascular endothelial tissues. To determine whether CD44 could play a role in recovery from acute ischemic renal injury, we characterized its renal expression and those of two of its ligands, hyaluronic acid and osteopontin. Although no expression is detectable in nonischemic kidneys, several mRNAs for CD44 are present within 1 day after injury. CD44 mRNA is expressed in proximal tubules undergoing repair. CD44 peptide is present in basal and lateral cel

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Cosner, Diane, Xu Zeng, and Ping L. Zhang. "Proximal Tubular Injury in Medullary Rays Is an Early Sign of Acute Tacrolimus Nephrotoxicity." Journal of Transplantation 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/142521.

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Tacrolimus (FK506) is one of the principal immunosuppressive agents used after solid organ transplantations to prevent allograft rejection. Chronic renal injury induced by tacrolimus is characterized by linear fibrosis in the medullary rays; however, the early morphologic findings of acute tacrolimus nephrotoxicity are not well characterized. Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a specific injury biomarker that has been proven to be useful in the diagnosis of mild to severe acute tubular injury on renal biopsies. This study was motivated by a patient with acute kidney injury associated with ele

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De Paepe, Monique E., Emily Stopa, Carol Huang, Katrine Hansen, and Francois I. Luks. "Renal Tubular Apoptosis in Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome." Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 6, no. 3 (2003): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109352660300600301.

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Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is caused by uneven shunting of blood between monochorionic twins, resulting in polycythemia in the recipient twin and growth restriction, anemia, and oliguria in the donor twin. Recent reports have described loss of proximal convoluted tubules in the kidneys of TTTS donor twins. In order to elucidate the pathogenesis of tubular deficiency in TTTS, we have reviewed the renal pathology in 25 twin pairs with autopsy-proven TTTS. Loss of differentiated proximal tubules, associated with atrophy of medullary tubules, was identified in 12/25 donor twins. In s

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Obata, Fumiko, Ryo Ozuru, Takahiro Tsuji, Takashi Matsuba, and Jun Fujii. "Stx2 Induces Differential Gene Expression and Disturbs Circadian Rhythm Genes in the Proximal Tubule." Toxins 14, no. 2 (2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14020069.

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Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) causes proximal tubular defects in the kidney. However, factors altered by Shiga toxin (Stx) within the proximal tubules are yet to be shown. We determined Stx receptor Gb3 in murine and human kidneys and confirmed the receptor expression in the proximal tubules. Stx2-injected mouse kidney tissues and Stx2-treated human primary renal proximal tubular epithelial cell (RPTEC) were collected and microarray analysis was performed. We compared murine kidney and RPTEC arrays and selected common 58 genes that are differentially expressed vs. control (0 h,

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Haas, J. A., J. P. Granger, and F. G. Knox. "Effect of intrarenal volume expansion on proximal sodium reabsorption." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 255, no. 6 (1988): F1178—F1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1988.255.6.f1178.

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The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of direct expansion of the renal interstitial volume on sodium reabsorption by proximal tubules of superficial and deep nephrons in the absence of systemic extracellular volume expansion. Renal interstitial volume expansion was achieved by injection of 50 microliter of 2.5% albumin in 0.9% saline into the renal interstitium via a polyethylene matrix that was chronically implanted in the interstitium of the rat kidney. Renal interstitial volume expansion increased renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure from 3.8 +/- 0.5 to 6.8 +/- 1.1

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Wilson, Bryan A., Nildris Cruz-Diaz, Yixin Su, James C. Rose, TanYa M. Gwathmey, and Mark C. Chappell. "Angiotensinogen import in isolated proximal tubules: evidence for mitochondrial trafficking and uptake." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 312, no. 5 (2017): F879—F886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00246.2016.

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The renal proximal tubules are a key functional component of the kidney and express the angiotensin precursor angiotensinogen; however, it is unclear the extent that tubular angiotensinogen reflects local synthesis or internalization. Therefore, the current study established the extent to which angiotensinogen is internalized by proximal tubules and the intracellular distribution. Proximal tubules were isolated from the kidney cortex of male sheep by enzymatic digestion and a discontinuous Percoll gradient. Tubules were incubated with radiolabeled 125I-angiotensinogen for 2 h at 37°C in serum/

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Matsui, Isao, Takayuki Hamano, Satoshi Mikami, et al. "Retention of fetuin-A in renal tubular lumen protects the kidney from nephrocalcinosis in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 304, no. 6 (2013): F751—F760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00329.2012.

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The serum glycoprotein fetuin-A is an important inhibitor of extraosseous calcification. The importance of fetuin-A has been confirmed in fetuin-A null mice, which develop widespread extraosseous calcification including the kidney. However, the mechanism how fetuin-A protects kidneys from nephrocalcinosis remains uncertain. Here, we demonstrate that intratubular fetuin-A plays a role in the prevention of nephrocalcinosis in the proximal tubules. Although normal rat kidney did not express mRNA for fetuin-A, we found punctate immunohistochemical staining of fetuin-A mainly in the S1 segment of t

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Guo, Rong, Li Liu, and Luciano Barajas. "RT-PCR study of the distribution of connexin 43 mRNA in the glomerulus and renal tubular segments." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 275, no. 2 (1998): R439—R447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1998.275.2.r439.

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An RT-PCR study of the distribution of connexin 43 (Cx43) mRNA in glomeruli and along the rat tubular segments was carried out to establish the differential expression of Cx43 in the different segments of the tubule, in renal regions, in isolated glomerular preparations (IGP), and in microdissected glomeruli. The mRNA level of Cx43 in macrodissected renal regions appeared in the following order: inner papilla > outer papilla and IGP > outer medulla and cortex. Among the microdissected tubules, inner medullary collecting ducts (IMCD) expressed the highest level of Cx43 mRNA, followed by t

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Beyenbach, K. W. "Secretory NaCl and volume flow in renal tubules." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 250, no. 5 (1986): R753—R763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1986.250.5.r753.

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This review attempts to give a retrospective survey of the available evidence concerning the secretion of NaCl and fluid in renal tubules of the vertebrate kidney. In the absence of glomerular filtration, epithelial secretory mechanisms, which to this date have not been elucidated, are responsible for the renal excretion of NaCl and water in aglomerular fish. However, proximal tubules isolated from glomerular fish kidneys of the flounder, killifish, and the shark also have the capacity to secrete NaCl and fluid. In shark proximal tubules, fluid secretion appears to be driven via secondary acti

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Padanilam, B. J., and M. R. Hammerman. "Ischemia-induced receptor for activated C kinase (RACK1) expression in rat kidneys." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 272, no. 2 (1997): F160—F166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1997.272.2.f160.

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Differential display-polymerase chain reaction (DD-PCR) was used to identify genes that are expressed in kidney following induction of acute ischemic renal injury. The receptor for activated C kinase (RACK1) mRNA expression in kidneys obtained from rats 12 h following ischemia is enhanced twofold compared with sham-operated rats. The maximal enhancement of expression (3.3-fold) is at 7 days following reperfusion. Expression remains elevated at 14 days. RACK1 transcripts and protein are localized to the damaged and regenerating segments of proximal tubules. At 1 day following injury, RACK1 prot

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Wright, P. A., and M. A. Knepper. "Phosphate-dependent glutaminase activity in rat renal cortical and medullary tubule segments." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 259, no. 6 (1990): F961—F970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1990.259.6.f961.

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To determine whether local production of ammonium by medullary renal tubule segments may contribute to medullary ammonium accumulation, we measured activities of phosphate-dependent glutaminase (PDG) in microdissected tubule segments from rat medulla and cortex. PDG activities were very low in medullary loop of Henle segments but surprisingly high in inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD). In cortex, PDG levels were highest in distal convoluted tubule and cortical thick ascending limb, but substantial levels were also found in proximal segments, as reported previously. To determine effects of

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Morishita, Yoshiyuki, Toshiyuki Matsuzaki, Mariko Hara-chikuma, et al. "Disruption of Aquaporin-11 Produces Polycystic Kidneys following Vacuolization of the Proximal Tubule." Molecular and Cellular Biology 25, no. 17 (2005): 7770–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.25.17.7770-7779.2005.

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ABSTRACT Aquaporin-11 (AQP11) has been identified with unusual pore-forming NPA (asparagine-proline-alanine) boxes, but its function is unknown. We investigated its potential contribution to the kidney. Immunohistochemistry revealed that AQP11 was localized intracellularly in the proximal tubule. When AQP11 was transfected in CHO-K1 cells, it was localized in intracellular organelles. AQP11-null mice were generated; these mice exhibited vacuolization and cyst formation of the proximal tubule. AQP11-null mice were born normally but died before weaning due to advanced renal failure with polycyst

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Pereira-Moreira, Ricardo, and Elza Muscelli. "Effect of Insulin on Proximal Tubules Handling of Glucose: A Systematic Review." Journal of Diabetes Research 2020 (January 10, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8492467.

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Renal proximal tubules reabsorb glucose from the glomerular filtrate and release it back into the circulation. Modulation of glomerular filtration and renal glucose disposal are some of the insulin actions, but little is known about a possible insulin effect on tubular glucose reabsorption. This review is aimed at synthesizing the current knowledge about insulin action on glucose handling by proximal tubules. Method. A systematic article selection from Medline (PubMed) and Embase between 2008 and 2019. 180 selected articles were clustered into topics (renal insulin handling, proximal tubule gl

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Stokes, T. J., C. L. McConkey, and K. J. Martin. "Atriopeptin III increases cGMP in glomeruli but not in proximal tubules of dog kidney." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 250, no. 1 (1986): F27—F31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1986.250.1.f27.

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Atriopeptin III is natriuretic, diuretic, and phosphaturic in the intact dog and relaxes vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle in vitro. The mechanism of the renal effects of atriopeptin remains ill defined but may include hemodynamic alterations and/or direct tubular effects. Since many peptide hormones act through changes in cyclic nucleotide formation, we examined the effect of synthetic atriopeptins on cAMP and cGMP accumulation in isolated glomeruli and proximal tubules from normal dog kidney. Synthetic atriopeptin produced a dose-related increase in cGMP in glomeruli with a Kact of 200

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Ricardo, S. D., G. Ding, M. Eufemio, and J. R. Diamond. "Antioxidant expression in experimental hydronephrosis: role of mechanical stretch and growth factors." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 272, no. 6 (1997): F789—F798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1997.272.6.f789.

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We assessed whether levels of renal reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzymes are perturbed in rats following unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). The mechanism of catalase perturbation was investigated using proximal tubule suspensions following stimulation with transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and interleukin (IL)-1 and in a proximal tubular cell line (OKC) subjected to cyclic mechanical stretch, which mimics the early hydrodynamic derangement after UUO. Levels of catalase and copperzinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) mRNA from 96-h UUO rats showed a 5.5-fold (P < 0.0

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Wright, P. A., and M. A. Knepper. "Glutamate dehydrogenase activities in microdissected rat nephron segments: effects of acid-base loading." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 259, no. 1 (1990): F53—F59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1990.259.1.f53.

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A method for measurement of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity in single renal tubules was employed to determine the distribution and regulation of GDH in tubule segments. Fresh microdissected tubules from collagenase-treated kidneys were permeabilized by hyposmotic shock and freezing. The rate of conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate, NH4+, and NADH to glutamate and NAD was measured at 37 degrees C fluorometrically. Very high activities were found in proximal tubule segments (150-210 pmol.min-1.mm tubule length-1), intermediate values (40-90 pmol.min-1.mm-1) in distal convoluted tubules, cort

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Ricci, Alberto, Sophie Marchal-Victorion, Elena Bronzetti, Angelo Parini, Francesco Amenta, and Seyed K. Tayebati. "Dopamine D4 Receptor Expression in Rat Kidney: Evidence for Pre- and Postjunctional Localization." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 50, no. 8 (2002): 1091–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215540205000811.

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Dopamine D4 receptors mediate inhibition of vasopressin-dependent sodium reabsorption by dopamine in collecting tubules. At present, the distribution of D4 receptors in other renal districts remains an open issue. The renal distribution of D4 receptor was assessed in normally innervated and denervated male Sprague-Dawley rats by quantitative immunohistochemistry using an anti-dopamine D4 receptor rabbit polyclonal antibody. D4 receptor protein immunoreactivity was observed perivascularly in the adventitia and the adventitia-media border. The density of perivascular dopamine D4 receptor was hig

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Johal, Jasbir S., James W. Thorp, and Calvin E. Oyer. "Neonatal Hemochromatosis, Renal Tubular Dysgenesis, and Hypocalvaria in a Neonate." Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 1, no. 5 (1998): 433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100249900059.

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We report a neonate with neonatal hemochromatosis (NH), renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD), and hypocalvaria. NH is a fatal condition of the newborn, characterized by severe idiopathic liver failure of intrauterine onset and siderosis, intra- and extrahepatic, with sparing of the reticuloendothelial system. RTD is characterized by short, abnormally developed cortical tubules that lack proximal tubule differentiation. Although both NH and RTD have been reported as entities with a genetic component, similar findings can be secondary to in utero insults. Hypocalvaria has been reported in association

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