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Books on the topic 'Proximate Analysis'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

A, Atchley Alan, ed. CRC handbook of proximate analysis tables of higher plants. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1986.

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2

Krzynowek, Judith. Proximate composition, energy, fatty acid, sodium, and cholesterol content of finfish, shellfish, and their products. Seattle, WA: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, 1987.

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3

Negera, Assefa. An analysis of the trends, differentials and key proximate determinants of infant and under-five mortality in Ethiopia: Further analysis of the 2000, 2005, and 2011 demographic and health surveys. Calverton, Maryland, USA: ICF International, 2013.

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4

S, Rabe-Hesketh, ed. The analysis of proximity data. London: Arnold, 1997.

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5

Naimpally, Somashekhar. Proximity Approach to Problems in Topology and Analysis. München: Oldenbourg Verlag, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/9783486598605.

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6

Bove, Giuseppe, Akinori Okada, and Donatella Vicari. Methods for the Analysis of Asymmetric Proximity Data. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3172-6.

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7

Bender, Marko. Spatial Proximity in Venture Capital Financing: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of Germany. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag / Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, Wiesbaden, 2011.

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8

Sylvia, Gilbert. A comparison of farmed and wild salmon: Consumer preferences, proximal analysis, taste test panel scores. [Corvallis, Or.]: Agricultural Experiment Station, Oregon State University, 1992.

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9

Series, Michigan Historical Reprint. Outlines of proximate organic analysis. Scholarly Publishing Office, University of Michigan Library, 2005.

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10

Handbook of Proximate Analysis Tables of Higher Plants. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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11

Handbook of Proximate Analysis Tables of Higher Plants. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351073066.

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12

Aris, Ananta, ed. Fertility determinants in Indonesia: A sequential analysis of the proximate determinants. Jakarta, Indonesia: National Family Planning Coordinating Board, 1991.

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13

Judith, Krzynowek, ed. Proximate composition and fatty acid and cholesterol content of 22 species of Northwest Atlantic finfish. Seattle, WA: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 1989.

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14

Capoccia, Giovanni. Critical Junctures. Edited by Orfeo Fioretos, Tulia G. Falleti, and Adam Sheingate. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199662814.013.5.

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In the analysis of path-dependent institutions, the concept of critical juncture refers to situations of uncertainty in which decisions of important actors are causally decisive for the selection of one path of institutional development over other possible paths. The chapter parses the potentialities and the limitations of the concept in comparative-historical analysis, and proposes analytical tools for the comparative analysis of the smaller-scale and temporally proximate causes that shape decision-making on institutional innovation during critical junctures. In particular, the chapter discusses several patterns of short-term politics of institutional formation --innovative coalition-building for reform; “out-of-winset” outcomes; ideational battles; and near-missed institutional change—that can have a long-term impact on the development of policies and institutions.
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15

Gilbert, Paul, and Jennifer S. Mascaro. Compassion Fears, Blocks and Resistances. Edited by Emma M. Seppälä, Emiliana Simon-Thomas, Stephanie L. Brown, Monica C. Worline, C. Daryl Cameron, and James R. Doty. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464684.013.29.

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While there is increasing research on the benefits and facilitators of compassion, as with all motives, there are inhibitors. This chapter will not cover the benefits of compassion, explored in other chapters, but instead considers its inhibitors: the fears, blocks, and resistances (FBRs) to compassion and their evolutionary and psychosocial origins. We begin with an explication of a model for compassion, and show how compassion rests on discrete components and competencies that can be differentially inhibited. Next, we utilize Ernst Mayr’s (1961) classic heuristic to understand compassion inhibition; namely, the “ultimate” and “proximate” analysis. We conclude with an exploration of the antidotes to these inhibitors. Greater research into the nature of compassion inhibitors and insights on how to address them could increase the use of compassion in different domains of life.
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16

Coupled Stability Analysis of Close Proximity Ship Towing. Storming Media, 2002.

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17

Gray, Hazel. Economic Transformation in a Comparative Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714644.003.0001.

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This chapter sets out the main characteristics of economic transformation in Tanzania and Vietnam from 1980 to 2010. It highlights macroeconomic features and explains the key differences in their experience of structural change that occurred as both countries adopted forms of market liberalization. The chapter explains the proximate causes of economic transformation and examines how orthodox economics explains the deeper determinants of economic transformation, related to comparative advantage. The chapter argues that these approaches are insufficient because they cannot account for the distinct roles that the state played in each country. Contrary to orthodox economic theory, Vietnamese economic policy retained a much greater level of state intervention than was the case in Tanzania, while achieving a more rapid rate of industrialization. Therefore this book undertakes an analysis of the interplay between market forces, institutions, and power that shape the different paths of economic transformation under liberalization.
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18

Murphy, Andrew Declan. But the Irish Sea betwixt us: Proximity and Anglo-Irish discourse. 1993.

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19

Dourish, Paul. Protocols, Packets, and Proximity. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039362.003.0008.

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This chapter analyzes the materialities of Internet protocols, focusing on the relationship between content and conduit, which involves both the compression and modulation of signals. Network protocols are shaped by material constraints. Similarly, the centrality of routing to the Internet can be understood materially in terms of the arrangement of network nodes, the cost of routing, the structure of networks, the size of routing tables, and the dynamics of connectivity. Critically, this materiality cuts across apparently different domains of concern—from the practice of network operations to the rhetoric of democratic access. The chapter then contrasts two different protocols, the Routing Information Protocol and the Exterior Gateway Protocol, which emerged in different historical moments and cultural conditions. Examining the social construction of these network protocols can help differentiate the actual Internet from a possible or imagined Internet.
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20

Troisi, Alfonso. Nature. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199393404.003.0001.

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Referring to “natural behaviors” or “behaviors against nature” is common not only in the media but also in different professional fields dealing with human conduct. However, many assumptions about human nature that are taken for granted in social and human sciences are wrong when evaluated in light of recent discoveries in evolutionary behavioral biology. The aim of this chapter is to set the framework for an evolutionary analysis of the human mind and behavior and to summarize current knowledge on the evolution of Homo sapiens. Basic concepts of evolutionary biology (e.g., adaptation, ultimate versus proximate causation, genetic mismatch) are briefly explained, and their implications for a correct discussion of human nature are illustrated. The take-home message of the chapter is that a full understanding of the human mind and human behavior requires the integration of social and biological sciences, abandoning false dichotomies such as nature versus culture or instinct versus learning. This is a necessary step toward the practical implementation of ethical and legal systems more respectful of individual proclivities.
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21

A Design Procedure for Seakeeping Analysis of Close Proximity Ship Towing. Storming Media, 2002.

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22

Ltd, ICON Group, and ICON Group International Inc. PROXIMA ASA: Labor Productivity Benchmarks and International Gap Analysis (Labor Productivity Series). 2nd ed. Icon Group International, 2000.

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23

Ltd, ICON Group, and Group International Inc ICON. PROXIMA ASA: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (Financial Performance Series). 2nd ed. Icon Group International, 2000.

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24

Ltd, ICON Group. ASK PROXIMA ASA: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (Financial Performance Series). 2nd ed. Icon Group International, Inc., 2000.

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25

Ltd, ICON Group. ASK PROXIMA ASA: Labor Productivity Benchmarks and International Gap Analysis (Labor Productivity Series). 2nd ed. Icon Group International, Inc., 2000.

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26

L, Snow W., and Langley Research Center, eds. Video photographic considerations for measuring the proximity of a probe aircraft with a smoke seeded trailing vortex. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1990.

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27

Mahmood, Zaad. Partisan Government and Interest Groups. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199475278.003.0005.

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The chapter further elaborates the theme of partisanship by analysing the role of business groups and trade unions in shaping labour market reforms. The chapter evaluates business and trade unions as contending interests in shaping labour reforms across the states to explain variations in labour market. Disaggregated analysis of relative strength and organization of the interest groups shows that the influence of interest groups depends more on their proximity to the government than material resources or their organizational capacity. This is most evident in Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh where relative strength of business groups and trade unions do not corroborate labour market outcomes. The finding reaffirms the centrality of governments and political parties due to the historical weakness of civil society organizations and legacy of state intervention in India.
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28

Claudia T, Salomon. 10 Damages in International Arbitration. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198753483.003.0011.

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This chapter addresses the implications of the substantive law of the State of New York for the proof and calculation of damages. In international commercial arbitration, the category of damages, as well as the nature of proof required, is determined by the agreement of the parties. Absent such an agreement, tribunals will be guided by the substantive law of the arbitration. And generally, for damages to be recoverable, an aggrieved party must prove that the opposing party’s conduct directly and proximately caused the claimed damages. Although an in-depth analysis of theories and standards of proof for establishing causation is beyond the scope of this chapter, the requirement that a party prove, with a reasonable degree of certainty, damages proximately caused by a respondent’s actions explains New York law’s general skepticism about anticipated lost profits for a prospective business opportunity as a class of damages.
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29

Anderson, Robert H., Nigel A. Brown, Simon D. Bamforth, Bill Chaudhry, Deborah J. Henderson, and Timothy J. Mohun. Development of the outflow tract. Edited by José Maria Pérez-Pomares, Robert G. Kelly, Maurice van den Hoff, José Luis de la Pompa, David Sedmera, Cristina Basso, and Deborah Henderson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757269.003.0023.

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The definitive cardiac outflow tracts have three components: the intra-pericardial arterial trunks, the arterial roots, and the ventricular outflow tracts. Improved correlations between normal development and cardiac malformations can be obtained by analysing the developing outflow tract in tripartite fashion with proximal, intermediate, and distal components. When first seen, the walls of the entire outflow tract express myocardial markers. With ongoing development, the distal border regresses away from the edges of the pericardial cavity. Subsequently, the distal outflow tract becomes the intra-pericardial arterial trunks, with a protrusion from the dorsal wall of the aortic sac forming the aortopulmonary septum. The arterial valves form in the intermediate part of the outflow tract. The proximal part eventually becomes transformed into the ventricular outflow tracts, with muscularization of the proximal cushions producing the right ventricular infundibulum. This approach provides rational explanations for the congenital lesions involving the different parts of the outflow tracts.
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30

Dorff, Cassy, Shahryar Minhas, and Michael D. Ward. Latent Networks and Spatial Networks in Politics. Edited by Jennifer Nicoll Victor, Alexander H. Montgomery, and Mark Lubell. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190228217.013.11.

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Network analysis is a growing field in political science, with topics ranging from the study of individual actors in congressional networks to international war between countries. This chapter briefly summarizes the history of network analysis, the barriers facing previous approaches, and current innovations, with an emphasis on latent variable approaches. These approaches provide an organic link to the consideration of spatial networks, also discussed in detail. These innovations expand researchers’ ability to capture the many different facets of network-motivated questions, including how networks evolve or how spatial proximity determines network ties. The chapter concludes with a brief comparison of two major types of latent variable models and their relation to other network approaches commonly used in political science.
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31

Freeden, Michael. 4. The struggle over political language. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780192802811.003.0004.

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Developments in linguistics provided another external source of inspiration for students of ideology. ‘The struggle over political language’ explores the contribution of language to the development of ideology. The meaning of language — in particular the emphasis on grammar and semantics — played a critical role in enabling similar ideologies to be expressed in their own specific terms. Making sense of ideological texts became an increasingly important role for political theorists. From this emerged the four Ps of ideological composition: proximity, priority, permeability, and proportionality. These have provided an important tool for complex comparative analysis of ideologies.
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32

Hughes, Jeremy. Proteinuria as a direct cause of progression. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0137.

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Proximal tubular cells reabsorb any filtered proteins during health via cell surface receptors such as megalin and cubulin so that very low levels of protein are present in the excreted urine. Significant proteinuria is a common finding in patients with many renal diseases. Proteinuria is a marker of glomerular damage and podocyte loss and injury in particular. The degree of proteinuria at presentation or during the course of the disease correlates with long-term outcome in many renal diseases. Proteinuria per se may be nephrotoxic and thus directly relevant to the progression of renal disease rather than simply acting as a marker of the severity of glomerular injury and podocytes loss. Seminal studies used the atypical renal anatomy of the axolotl to instill proteins directly into the tubular lumen without requiring passage through the glomerulus. This indicated that tubular protein could be cytotoxic and induce interstitial inflammation and fibrosis in the peritubular region. Cell culture studies demonstrate that exposure to proteins results in proximal tubular cell activation and the production of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic mediators. Proximal tubular cell death occurred in some studies reinforcing the potential of protein to exert cytotoxic effects via oxidative stress or endoplasmic reticulum stress. Analysis of renal biopsy material from both experimental studies using models of proteinuric disease or patients with various proteinuric diseases provided evidence of activation of transcription factors and production of chemokines and pro-inflammatory mediators by proximal tubular cells. These data strongly suggest that although proteinuria is the result of glomerular disease it also represents an important cause of progression in patients with chronic kidney disease associated with proteinuria.
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33

Capussela, Andrea Lorenzo. Introduction: Italy’s Decline, the Existing Interpretations, and Our Hypothesis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796992.003.0001.

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This chapter summarizes the main analyses of Italy’s economic decline, discusses their limitations, and sketches the interpretation offered in this book. The discussion is set in the framework of Schumpeterian growth theory. It moves from the observation that during the 1980s Italy’s TFP performance began to diverge from that of its peers, andG that growth has been stagnant since the early 1990s. The existing interpretations identify the proximate causes of the country’s decline, not its deeper ones, nor do they satisfactorily explain why an unprecedented wave of structural reforms failed to reverse it. This chapter advances the hypothesis, explored in the book, that its deeper causes lie in the political economy of growth, for innovation and economic creative destruction can be hindered if political creative destruction is limited and the ensuing systemic constraints undermine institutional reform.
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34

Klokler, Daniela. Zooarchaeology of Brazilian shell-mounds. Edited by Umberto Albarella, Mauro Rizzetto, Hannah Russ, Kim Vickers, and Sarah Viner-Daniels. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199686476.013.44.

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Brazilian zooarchaeology originated and primarily developed through the study of coastal sites. Shell-mounds were among the first archaeological sites to be identified in Brazil due to their visibility, aided by their size, prominent locations, and proximity to the coast. Since the seventeenth century, religious missionaries, travellers, naturalists, and researchers proposed explanations for the origins and significance of these shell concentrations. This chapter reviews theoretical and methodological changes in perspective regarding shell-mounds and presents recent developments focusing on the ritual aspect of these sites in Brazil. Site formation analysis based upon faunal remains has proven to be advantageous to discussions on shell-mound construction, function, and performance of feasts.
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35

Tolley, Clinton. Idealism and the Question of Truth. Edited by Michael Glanzberg. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199557929.013.4.

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This chapter traces developments in idealist theories of truth in and after Kant, focusing especially on key moments in the nineteenth-century history of analytic philosophy and phenomenology. Though Kant intended his transcendental idealism to effect a Copernican revolution in philosophy, he did not advocate for revisions in the traditional definition of truth in terms of a correspondence or agreement between our judgments and their objects. Many of his successors countered that it was only by carefully revisiting the nature of truth itself that philosophy could hope to avoid the “subjectivizing” pitfalls they saw latent in Kantian idealism. Intense post-Kantian reflection on the concept of truth led to a series of accounts which were deeply influential across a number of philosophical traditions and which provide the crucial proximate historical and conceptual context for many of the most influential discussions of truth, and semantics more generally, in the twentieth century.
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36

Broadberry, Stephen N., Claire Giordano, and Francesco Zollino. Productivity. Edited by Gianni Toniolo. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199936694.013.0007.

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Italy's economic growth over its 150 years of unified history did not occur at a steady pace, nor was it balanced across sectors. Relying on an entirely new input (labor and capital) database, this chapter evaluates the different labor productivity growth trends within the Italian economy's sectors, as well as the contribution of structural change to productivity growth. Italy's performance is then set in an international context: a comparison of sectoral labor productivity growth rates and levels within a selected sample of countries (United Kingdom, United States, Germany, Japan, India) allows us to better time, quantify, and gauge the causes of Italy's catching-up process and subsequent more recent slowdown. Finally, the paper analyzes the proximate sources of Italy's growth, relative to the other countries, in a standard growth accounting framework, in an attempt also to disentangle the contribution of both total factor productivity growth and capital deepening to the country's labor productivity dynamics.
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37

Morgan, Douglas E. Point-of-Care Testing (DRAFT). Edited by Raghavan Murugan and Joseph M. Darby. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190612474.003.0030.

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Point-of-care testing (POCT) is defined as medical diagnostic testing performed outside the clinical laboratory in close proximity to where the patient is receiving care. POCT is typically performed by non-laboratory personnel and the results are used for clinical decision making. When used appropriately, point-of-care testing (POCT) is a valuable resource during the rapid response system (RRS) activation. Advantages include shortened time between acquiring a sample from the patient and analysis of that sample and a subsequent decrease in time to clinical decision making. Disadvantages revolve largely around the cost of POCT. Driving forces behind the movement towards POCT include care process optimization, improvement of patient outcomes, changing regulatory requirements, and changes in the face of the workforce.
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38

Hazarika, Manjil. Linguistic Groups. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199474660.003.0003.

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An old-fashioned somatological analysis of the racial composition of the present-day populations of Northeast India suggested that this area was home to two major races of mankind, the Caucasoid and the Mongoloid, and modern population genetic studies now provide us with an even more fine-meshed and complex view of population prehistory. Close proximity of these populations in terms of settlements has led to exchange of genes between the two groups. This chapter provides a detailed account of the linguistic situation in Northeast India, which is relevant to our understanding of the prehistoric dispersals of linguistic groups. Various linguistic hypotheses and feasible archaeological links are discussed in this chapter. Probable routes of migration are also discussed on the basis of linguistic, ethnographical, historical, and folkloristic data.
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39

Tenney, James. The Chronological Development of Carl Ruggles’s Melodic Style. Edited by Larry Polansky, Lauren Pratt, Robert Wannamaker, and Michael Winter. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038723.003.0008.

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James Tenney presents the results of some statistical analyses that he carried out with the aid of a computer to study the chronological development of Carl Ruggles's melodic style. Certain aspects of Ruggles's music—the general shape of the melodic lines, the ever-present dissonant sonorities—are so consistent throughout all of his compositions that they give an impression of singular stylistic homogeneity. Tenney's results suggest just the opposite conclusion—at least with respect to his melodic writing. He goes on to examine significant changes in Ruggles's melodic style that are manifested in three ways: a gradual shift in the distribution of interval frequencies; a more and more effective avoidance of early recurrences of pitch classes; and an increase in the frequency and proximity of dissonance relations within his melodic lines.
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40

Narlikar, A. V. Small Superconductors—Introduction. Edited by A. V. Narlikar. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198738169.013.1.

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This article provides an overview of small superconductors, including some of the basic definitions, prominent characteristics, and important effects manifested by such materials. In particular, it discusses size effects, surface effects, electron-mean-free-path effects, phase slips, unusual vortex states, and proximity effects. The article first considers the two characteristic length scales of superconductors, namely the magnetic penetration depth and coherence length, before proceeding with an analysis of two size effects that account for how superconductivity responds when the bulk sample is made smaller and smaller in the nano range: the small size effects and the quantum size effects. It then examines other phenomena associated with small superconductors such as quantum fluctuations, Anderson limit, parity and shell effects, along with the behaviour of nanowires and ultra-thin fims. It also describes some of the experimental techniques commonly used in the synthesis of small superconductors.
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41

Corbett, Jack, and Wouter Veenendaal. Persisting Against All Odds. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796718.003.0008.

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Chapter 8 pulls together the examples infused throughout the body of the book to show that, despite the odds, political regimes in small states—the vast majority of which are democratic—can be both remarkably adaptive and remarkably resilient. A close examination of political practices demonstrates how personalization and informal politics is the key to explaining both successes and failures. This argument has particular relevance in small states where there is increased social proximity. However, it also has wider implications for scholars of comparative politics and democratic consolidation in particular where the recent tendency has been to downplay the role of intentional agents in theoretical explanations. Most importantly, it provides a nuanced and clearer-eyed analysis of the strengths and limitations of personality-driven politics, a phenomenon of growing importance to democracies across the globe. By studying politics in small states, something is learned about large states, too.
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42

Dawson, Kevin. Slave Culture. Edited by Mark M. Smith and Robert L. Paquette. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199227990.013.0022.

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This article reviews scholarship on slave culture and the slave experience. Historians of the American South have had an interest in slavery since the early twentieth century but not until fairly recently have they paid sustained attention to the enslaved. Historians have begun to examine slaves, providing a bottom-up analysis of how slavery and slaves shaped their culture, daily lives, and southern white culture generally. This more recent emphasis has been sensitive to the importance of variables: how southern slave culture was shaped by time, place, work patterns, source population (the origins of African-born slaves); whether a region was under English, Dutch, Spanish, Spanish, French, or American jurisdiction; whether slaves lived and worked in societies with slaves or slave societies; whether slaves were skilled, toiled under the task system, or were gang labour; whether they produced tobacco, indigo, rice, sugar, and cotton; their proximity to Native Americans or Spaniards; and whether they lived in times of war or peace.
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43

Servais, Aude, and Bertrand Knebelmann. Cystinuria. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199972135.003.0024.

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Cystinuria (OMIM #220100) is an autosomal recessive disorder of a dibasic amino acid transport in the apical membrane of epithelial cells of the renal proximal tubule and small intestine. It leads to increased urinary cystine excretion and recurrent urolithiasis. The cystine transporter is an heterodimeric transporter which is composed of a heavy subunit, rBAT, linked to a light subunit, b0,+AT. Two genes, SLC3A1 (solute carrier family 3 member 1) and SLC7A9, coding for rBAT and b0,+AT, account for the genetic basis of cystinuria. Cystinuria may lead to obstruction, infections, and ultimately to renal insufficiency. The diagnosis of cystinuria mainly relies on stone analysis, urinary cystine measurement, or urinary cystine crystal identification. Medical treatment is based upon a stepwise strategy using hydration and alkalinization as basic measures, with the addition of thiol derivatives in refractory cases. Urological interventions are often indicated for the management of cystine stones >5 mm in diameter.
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44

Chaisty, Paul, Nic Cheeseman, and Timothy J. Power. The Exchange of Favours and Coalition Management. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817208.003.0009.

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This chapter examines the role of informal tools in coalition management. Informal tools are understood as the ‘exchange of favours’: access to electoral resources, favourable state treatment of allies’ business interests, the conferral of lucrative or influential positions outside of the legislature and the cabinet, and, in some cases, illicit forms of exchange. It discusses the costs associated with these tools (financial, political, personal, public), and the factors that exacerbate or mitigate these costs: system-level factors (rule of law and personal-vote electoral systems), coalition-level factors (coalition size and congruence with the cabinet coalition), and conjunctural factors (proximity to the next election). The ways in which presidents deploy this tool are illustrated with detailed examples from Ecuador, Armenia, and Kenya. Finally, data from surveys of MPs are analysed to illustrate the relative costs of deploying the exchange of favours under different country conditions.
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45

Marston, Kendra. Postfeminist Whiteness. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474430296.001.0001.

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This book is the first extended study into the politics of whiteness inherent within postfeminist popular cinema. It analyses a selection of Hollywood films dating from the turn of the millennium, arguing that the character of the ‘melancholic white woman’ operates as a trope through which to explore the excesses of late capitalism and a crisis of faith in the American dream. Melancholia can function as a form of social capital for these characters yet betrays its proximity to a gendered history of emotion and psychopathology. This figure is alternately idealised or scapegoated depending on how well she navigates the perils of postfeminist ideology. Furthermore, the book considers how performances of melancholia and mental distress can confer benefits for Hollywood actresses and female auteurs on the labour market, which in turn has contributed to the maintenance of white hegemony within the mainstream US film industry. Case studies in the book include Black Swan (Darren Aronofksy 2010), Gone Girl (David Fincher 2014) and Alice in Wonderland (Tim Burton 2010).
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46

Barnhurst, Kevin G. Newscasters Appeared Closer. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040184.003.0011.

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This chapter analyzes the impact of location in network evening newscasts. The background surrounding newscasters is one indicator of location. Correspondents appear close to the action by going on location, where they stand before the scene itself. Or they can appear surrounded by the technology needed for direct transmission. Sitting in front of a simple backdrop or a typical TV studio set with a desk and chairs produces the impression of distance from events. Studio shots position the anchor at a vantage point for observing events dispassionately. The placement of the camera can also produce an impression of viewing newscasters up close or from a distance. Two main changes in the visual vocabulary of location were observed. Through a quarter century beginning in the 1960s, cameras moved in much closer on the faces of newscasters, conveying visually a sense of their proximity to the audience. Close-ups helped collapse the distance between the viewer and especially anchors. The other change involved the backgrounds. In the 1960s network news style amounted to a series of moderate shots of talking heads on a bland set. By the 1990s reporters began to appear on location more often than on any other backdrop.
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47

Hall, Andrew, and Shamima Rahman. Mitochondrial diseases and the kidney. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0340.

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Mitochondrial disease can affect any organ in the body including the kidney. As increasing numbers of patients with mitochondrial disease are either surviving beyond childhood or being diagnosed in adulthood, it is important for all nephrologists to have some understanding of the common renal complications that can occur in these individuals. Mitochondrial proteins are encoded by either mitochondrial or nuclear DNA (mtDNA and nDNA, respectively); therefore, disease causing mutations may be inherited maternally (mtDNA) or autosomally (nDNA), or can arise spontaneously. The commonest renal phenotype in mitochondrial disease is proximal tubulopathy (Fanconi syndrome in the severest cases); however, as all regions of the nephron can be affected, from the glomerulus to the collecting duct, patients may also present with proteinuria, decreased glomerular filtration rate, nephrotic syndrome, water and electrolyte disorders, and renal tubular acidosis. Understanding of the relationship between underlying genotype and clinical phenotype remains incomplete in mitochondrial disease. Proximal tubulopathy typically occurs in children with severe multisystem disease due to mtDNA deletion or mutations in nDNA affecting mitochondrial function. In contrast, glomerular disease (focal segmental glomerulosclerosis) has been reported more commonly in adults, mainly in association with the m.3243A<G point mutation. Co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency has been particularly associated with podocyte dysfunction and nephrotic syndrome in children. Underlying mitochondrial disease should be considered as a potential cause of unexplained renal dysfunction; clinical clues include lack of response to conventional therapy, abnormal mitochondrial morphology on kidney biopsy, involvement of other organs (e.g. diabetes, cardiomyopathy, and deafness) and a maternal family history, although none of these features are specific. The diagnostic approach involves acquiring tissue (typically skeletal muscle) for histological analysis, mtDNA screening and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex function tests. A number of nDNA mutations causing mitochondrial disease have now been identified and can also be screened for if clinically indicated. Management of mitochondrial disease requires a multidisciplinary approach, and treatment is largely supportive as there are currently very few evidence-based interventions. Electrolyte deficiencies should be corrected in patients with urinary wasting due to tubulopathy, and CoQ10 supplementation may be of benefit in individuals with CoQ10 deficiency. Nephrotic syndrome in mitochondrial disease is not typically responsive to steroid therapy. Transplantation has been performed in patients with end-stage kidney disease; however, immunosuppressive agents such as steroids and tacrolimus should be used with care given the high incidence of diabetes in mitochondrial disease.
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Hilmes, Michele, Matt Hills, and Roberta Pearson. Transatlantic Television Drama. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190663124.001.0001.

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A tide of high-quality television drama is sweeping the world. The new transnational television series has developed not only global appeal but innovative new modes of production, distribution, and reception. Nowhere is the transnational exchange of television drama more vital than between Britain and the United States, where it builds on more than sixty years of import, adaptation, coproduction, and fandom. This edited volume explores the transatlantic flow of television drama, focusing on key programs, industry strategies, critical debates, and audience reception, from an international roster of scholars and researchers. The chapters explore some of the most widely discussed programs on the transatlantic circuit. The book's first part focuses on media industries, tracing the history of transatlantic exchange and investigating contemporary practices such as coproduction, digital distribution, global partnerships, promotion, and branding. The second part concentrates on specific television texts and their negotiation of meaning across cultural contexts, exploring critical issues in the creation of transnational drama, such as heritage, proximity, performance, and self-reflexivity. Part III turns to the lively sphere of transatlantic fandom and commentary, including fan conventions, fan fiction, the role of both traditional and social media, and fan strategies for negotiating cultural differences. Transatlantic Television Drama provides a wide-ranging analysis of a phenomenon at the forefront of today’s television universe. It is focused on the serial dramatic programs that have gained the bulk of critical and popular attention and is particularly concerned with the impact of digital technologies on the production, distribution, and reception of television drama.
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Bove, Vincenzo, Chiara Ruffa, and Andrea Ruggeri. Composing Peace. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790655.001.0001.

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The book explores how diversity in United Nations’ peace mission composition affects peacekeeping effectiveness. It identifies four key dimensions of composition: Blue Helmets’ field diversity, top mission leadership diversity (between Force Commander and Special Representative of the Secretary General), vertical leadership distance (Leadership-Blue Helmets), and horizontal distance with the local population. Each dimension of diversity of mission is measured as linguistic, geographical, and religious distance. Our book conceptualizes original mechanisms—i. resolve commitment; ii. informative trust; iii. informative communicability; iv. skilled persuasion—through which diversity can shape mission effectiveness such as trust, communicability, deterrence, and persuasion. It then evaluates each dimension separately through three pathway case studies—the UN missions in Lebanon, in Mali, and in the Central African Republic—and quantitative analyses based on a global dataset of peacekeeping operations deployed since the end of the Cold War. The book finds that diversity of Blue Helmets and diversity of top leadership may increase the mission’s capacity to reduce battle-field violence and civilian victimization. At the same time, the effects of diversity are contextual and contingent. In fact, looking at the relation between peacekeepers and Force Commanders, proximity between them is generally associated with better performances. Furthermore, homogeneity between local populations and peacekeepers, or low distance between them, is also related to low levels of hostility and casualties. This book crucially demonstrates why diversity of mission composition is a key variable to consider when trying to enhance peacekeeping effectiveness.
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Mellette, Justin. Peculiar Whiteness. University Press of Mississippi, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496832535.001.0001.

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Peculiar Whiteness argues for deeper consideration of the complexities surrounding the disparate treatment of poor whites throughout southern literature and attests to how broad such experiences have been. While the history of prejudice against this group is not the same as the legacy of violence perpetrated against people of color in America, individuals regarded as ‘white trash’ have suffered a dehumanizing process in the writings of various white authors. Poor white characters are frequently maligned as grotesque and anxiety-inducing, especially when they are aligned in close proximity to blacks or with other troubling conditions such as physical difference. Thus, as a symbol, much has been asked of poor whites, and various iterations of the label (e.g., ‘white trash,’ tenant farmers, or even people with a little less money than average) have been subject to a broad spectrum of judgment, pity, compassion, fear, and anxiety. Peculiar Whiteness engages key issues in contemporary critical race studies, whiteness studies, and southern studies, both literary and historical. Through discussions of authors including Charles Chesnutt, Thomas Dixon, Erskine Caldwell, William Faulkner, and Flannery O’Connor, the book analyzes how we see how whites in a position of power work to maintain their status, often by finding ways to re-categorize and marginalize people who might not otherwise have seemed to fall under the auspices or boundaries of ‘white trash.’
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