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Darwish, Gamal S. "Proximate analysis of fish tissue by mid-infrared transmission spectroscopy." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61863.
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Cox, Marlin Keith. "Brook trout bioenergetics and the use of bioelectrical impedance analysis for proximate composition." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3396.
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Valenzuela, Gabriel Estrella. "Fertility and migration : a proximate determinants analysis in the case of Baja California, Mexico." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1991. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2428/.
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Previous studies have suggested four hypotheses regarding the outcomes in the migration-fertility relation (i.e. 'socialization', 'adaptation', 'selectivity', and 'disruption' effects). However, there has been a lack of attention to the intervening mechanisms that help to understand the interaction between social factors and the reproductive patterns of migrants, and that has led to contradictory findings. In this thesis a Proximate Determinants approach is used as the appropriate analytical framework to elucidate the interaction between geographical mobility and reproductive behaviour, and its macro-demographic policy implications. This framework is used to analyze the reproductive behaviour of the migrant and native groups of Baja California, Mexico. The main data source used for this analysis is the 1986 Baja California Demographic Survey (BCDS), which was based on a probability self-weighted multi-stage household sample, selected from four independent Municipal sampling frames. In relation to those groups of the population of Baja California, the two main findings of this study are: i) patterns of marriage, contraceptive use and effectiveness, and the practise of breast-feeding amongst the native group seem to reflect a more 'modernized' attitude toward fertility behaviour, since in relation to the migrant group, lower proportions marry and they marry at older ages; higher proportions use contraception, and; fewer breast-feed and for shorter periods than their migrant counterparts, and; ii) regardless of birth-cohort, migrant women who spend their formative period in a rural environment, are more likely to achieve 'high' marital cumulative-fertility than native women in the same birth-cohort who spent their formative period in a urban setting and, furthermore, after controlling for education there is no evidence that within a given birth-cohort, migrants with longer periods of exposure are more likely to have 'low' marital cumulative-fertility than women of the same age who had shorter exposure periods to the new socio-economic environment.
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Duncan, Michael Bennett. "The use of bioelectrical impedance analysis for estimating the body composition of various fish species." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31531.
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The reliable measurement of growth and condition is vital for effective fisheries assessments. Biologists have long attempted to estimate condition for their assessments, but a reliable method to nonlethally estimate body composition is lacking. Proximate analysis is the most dependable and accurate method for estimating internal composition, but it is lethal, time consuming, and expensive. Recent research has shown bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to be an effective method for estimating proximate composition in some fishes. The technique is quick, inexpensive, and, most importantly, nonlethal, which is vital when examining endangered species or cultured fish. My research focused on developing BIA indices for several new species of fish, using those indices to evaluate the body composition of fish in the field, and determining whether water temperature influenced resistance and reactance measurements. I found that BIA accurately estimated the body composition of bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, redear sunfish Lepomis microlophus, brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, and northern logperch Percina caprodes (r2 â ¥ 0.71, p < 0.0001). I also determined that bluegill and redear regressions were not significantly different (P â ¥ 0.10) suggesting they can be used interchangeably during future studies. Laboratory studies revealed that water temperature did not significantly influence resistance and reactance measurements of bluegill, redear, and largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (P â ¥ 0.18). These results, along with previous literature, indicate that BIA may be an accurate and reliable assessment tool for fisheries biologists.Master of Science
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McLean, Christopher Robert. "Pseudo proximate analysis: method using wireline logs to estimate components of coal bearing rock matrix without control data." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4333.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScLab conducted proximate analysis of coal bearing rock units calculates the weight percentage of ash, moisture, fixed carbon and volatile matter through a series of combustion steps. The data obtained is quintessential in establishing the coal rank and in the case of coal bed methane the gas-in-place estimates. In this study 105 proximate analysis samples, from 7 drilled wells, are taken from the south-eastern Kalahari Basin in Botswana. The pseudo proximate analysis, the method proposed in this thesis, calculates the lab proximate analysis results using the neutron, density and gamma ray wireline logs. The uniqueness of the method lies in the fact that no cut off values are needed for the wireline logs, nor are the results of the lab proximate analysis required for calibration. An in depth study of the relationship between the wireline logs and proximate analysis is conducted using a principle component analysis and the results tested using a combination of statistical techniques to determine the significance of the relationship. It is shown that the density and neutron logs model the proportion of ash and volatile matter in the rock matrix, respectively, with a high degree of accuracy. The multiple regression analysis shows that percentages fixed carbon and moisture components of the rock matrix correlate poorly to the proposed well logs, thus most error lies in the determination of these two components. It is statistically proven that the pseudo proximate analysis results are significantly different to the lab measured proximate analysis. This implies that the proposed pseudo proximate analysis method is unable to accurately determine the components of a coal bearing rock matrix using the density, neutron and gamma ray wireline logs. The application of the proposed method is a model to identity the coal bearing rock matrix and provide a predictive estimation of the coal quality, a priori lab measured data.
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Strandås, Christina. "The phenolic complex in flaxseed : analysis, structural features and bioactivity /." Uppsala : Dept. of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200810.pdf.
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Schwebach, Catherine Suzanne. "Historical and Modern Hard Red Spring Wheat Comparison: Analysis of Proximate, Enzyme Activity, Phenolic Acid, and Starch Properties." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27985.
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Some claim modern wheat is biochemically different from historic wheat and contributes to chronic diseases. This research was necessary to determine if any significant differences existed between historic and modern hard red spring (HRS) wheat in several physical and chemical components. Thirty HRS cultivars were grown in the same year and location and underwent laboratory analysis. In relation to release year, significant (P<0.05) differences were found for ash content (AC), phosphorous, potassium, zinc, arabinose-to-xylose ratio, enzyme activities, and phenolic acids in whole wheat, AC, and ?-amylase and xylanase activities in white flour, and total starch in bread. The remaining parameters displayed no significant (P>0.05) differences in correlation to release year, including starch digestibility. The majority of results indicate no significant biochemical variations between the historic and modern HRS cultivars. Parameters that demonstrated differences have the potential to affect consumer health and nutrition, but are dependent on bioavailability and consumer choice.
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Dion, Bruno J. "Application of high-pressure homogenization for the proximate analysis of meat and meat products by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36912.
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An industrial Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) milk analyser has been adapted for the proximate analysis of fresh or cooked meat and meat products. Stable freeze-dried samples of ground beef and bologna were prepared for the calibration of an FTIR spectrometer equipped with a 37-mum transmission cell maintained at a constant temperature of 65°C and were analysed for fat, protein, moisture, and ash by the official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) prior to instrumental measurement. The requirement to prepare a "milk-like" emulsion of meat for FTIR analysis led to the development of two prototype high-pressure homogenizers specifically designed to produce analytical volumes of emulsions in which the largest residual colloids present in suspension would have dimensions smaller than 1 mum. Emulsified samples were examined by transmission electron microscopy and laser light scattering spectroscopy to determine the size distribution of fat globules and the dimensions of the residual insoluble fragments of protein."Milk-like" emulsions of meat passed three times through a high-pressure homogenizer operating at 20,000 psi (138 MPa) had an average fat globule diameter of less than 320 nm. Also, the use of high-pressure homogenization eliminated the need to filter out insoluble proteins from connective tissues prior to the infrared analysis, resulting in a more accurate determination of the protein content in the meat samples. The results of validation studies conducted with both fresh and freeze-dried samples demonstrated that it is possible to analyse meat samples simultaneously for fat, protein, carbohydrates and moisture with good accuracy in approximately 7½; minutes per sample employing existing FTIR instrumentation used for the routine analysis of milk and dairy products.
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Mohamed, Fatheya. "Mineral analysis and proximate composition of leaves of (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) in response to boron application in pot experiments." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2793.
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Thesis (MTech (Agriculture)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.Choumollier (narrow-stem kale) (Brassica oleracea, L.) has been progressively used in recent years as a supplementary forage harvest in many countries with a temperate climate. Boron (B) and calcium (Ca) are the two most important elements for supporting plant structure and function of plasma membranes. Boron nutrition is vital for obtaining high quality yields in vegetables. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the extent to which boric acid concentration can affect growth parameters (plant height, leaf numbers, chlorophyll levels, and leaf size) of Brassica olereacea var. acephala at different stages of growth and development. Treatment comprised of four concentrations of boron (0.3 mg/kg, 0.4 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg and 0.6 mg/kg). Yield and physiological growth responses were measured during the course of the study to ascertain effectiveness and influence of boron treatments on the test crops. Leaves of B. oleracea were harvested at weekly intervals (W1, W2, W3, W4 and W5) after each treatment regimen for approximate basic mineral analysis and composition. Soil pH did not vary much among the various orchard blocks tested, regardless of soil depth. Exchangeable cations Na+ and K+ levels did not vary significantly, but Ca2+ and Mg2+ levels fluctuated considerably among orchards analyzed. The Control Orchard exhibited a higher P content than the other orchards. Ca, Mg, Cu and B levels did not vary significantly among the orchards, but Na, Fe and Zn levels were markedly raised in the Orchard treated with 0.3 mg/kg boron) relative to the Control Orchard. Chlorophyll fluorescence was significantly dependent on the treatment dose of boron as compared to control. Chlorophyll fluorescence also increased significantly with the growth period, i.e., the duration following the initial treatment at all doses of boron. Boron at all did not significantly affect leaf count, leaf length and plant height. The work may add to the body of knowledge on the influence of boron on the physiological performance, mineral contents and proximate composition of leaves of the species. Furthermore, the findings may have important applications in achieving high quality yields in vegetable crops.
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Teles, Luana Duarte. "Avaliação da liberação de AGEs (Advanced Glycation End Products) e características sensorias em carne de frango e bovina em diferentes métodos de cocção." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2014. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4738.
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As práticas alimentares têm sido objeto de estudo das Ciências da Saúde, principalmente, evidenciando a relação entre a dieta e algumas doenças crônicas. Dessa forma, é importante a identificação de formas alternativas de preparo e cocção, as quais devem manter a qualidade nutricional e as características sensoriais dos alimentos. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes métodos de cocção que utilizam alta temperatura, maior que 100 oC (assar e grelhar) e um método que utiliza baixa temperatura (menor que 100 oC), o método sous vide, sobre a liberação de produtos finais de glicação avançada das proteínas (Advanced Glycated End-Products – AGEs) durante o processo de cozimento de peito de frango e filé de gado. Além disso, foi avaliada a composição proximal (proteína, lipídios, cinzas e carboidratos e minerais), bem como, sua aceitação sensorial. A quantidade de AGEs formados e de proteína solúvel foi analisada nos cortes crus, assados em 9 e 21 minutos, grelhados em 3 e 15 minutos e sous-vide em 30 e 42 minutos, através da técnica de ELISA, utilizando um anticorpo monoclonal anti-AGE e o método de Bradford, respectivamente. A composição proximal e de minerais foi determinada no filé e peito crus, grelhados (em 3 e 9 minutos) e sous-vide (30 e 36 minutos). A análise sensorial de aceitação avaliou os atributos aparência, textura, sabor e qualidade global nos cortes assados (15 min), grelhados (9 min), sous-vide (36 min) e sous-vide (36 min) maçaricado. O índice de aceitabilidade sensorial também foi calculado. O corte de peito de frango apresentou aumento da quantidade de AGEs quando submetido aos diferentes métodos de cocção avaliados com o aumento do tempo de cozimento. O método assar promoveu a maior formação de AGEs no peito de frango ao longo do tempo. Esses comportamentos não foram encontrados no filé bovino e na comparação entre ambos os cortes crus e cozidos. O teor de proteína solúvel no filé de gado e no peito de frango crus foi maior do que nos cozidos e sua quantidade diminuiu com o passar do tempo de cocção no filé assado e no peito grelhado. Observou-se a diminuição do teor de umidade e o aumento do nível dos macronutrientes e minerais quando os cortes foram submetidos à cocção e com o passar do tempo de cozimento. Na análise sensorial, o filé bovino e o peito de frango grelhados apresentaram a maior aceitação e índice de aceitabilidade, seguido pelo sous-vide maçaricado, ao passo que o sous-vide obteve a menor aceitação de modo geral.
Feeding practices have been studied by Health Sciences, mainly showing the relationship between diet and some chronic diseases. Thus, it is important to identify alternative ways of preparing and cooking, which shall maintain food nutritional quality and sensory characteristics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different cooking methods that use high temperature greater than 100 oC (bake and broil) and a method that uses low-temperature (less than 100 oC), sous vide, on the release Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) in the chicken breast and filet mignon. In addition, the proximate composition (protein, lipid, ash and carbohydrate and minerals) were evaluated as well as their sensory acceptability. The amount of AGEs formed and soluble protein was analyzed in raw cuts, baked in 9 and 21 minutes, grilled in 3 and 15 minutes and sous-vide in 30 and 42 minutes by ELISA using the anti-AGE monoclonal antibody specific and Bradford method, respectively. The proximate and mineral composition was determined in raw breast and fillet, grilled (3 and 9 minutes) and sous-vide (30 and 36 minutes). The sensory analysis assessed appearance, texture, flavor and overall quality attributes in baked (15 min), grilled (9 min), sous-vide (36 min) and sous-vide (36 min) burned cuts. The sensory acceptability index was also calculated. Chicken breast showed increased amount of AGEs when subjected to different cooking methods evaluated with increased cooking time. The baking method promoted the AGEs highest formation in breast over time. These behaviors were not found in filet and in the comparison between raw and cooked cuts. The raw filet and breast soluble protein content was higher than in boiled and decreased with the time cooking in roast filet and grilled breast. Decline in moisture and increasing in macronutrients and minerals levels was observed when cuts were cooking and over cooking time. In sensory analysis, grilled filet and breast had the highest acceptance and acceptability index, followed by sous-vide burned, while sous-vide got lower acceptance in general.
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Mphaya, Joyce Caroline. "HIV Prevalence Determinants Among Young People in Zimbabwe: Sexual Practices Analysis." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4011.
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A decline in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevalence rates have been observed among females ages 15 to 19 years and 20 to 24 years in Zimbabwe between 2005 and 2010. However, for males 15 to 19 years, rising trends were observed, whereas for males ages 20 to 24 years, rates fluctuated between 2005 and 2011. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine relationships between sexual behaviors and practices and HIV prevalence among young males and females ages 15 to 24 years in Zimbabwe. Guided by constructs of proximate determinants framework, extracted data from two National Demographic Health surveys of 2005/06 and 2010/11 were analyzed using chi square and binary logistic regression. This study revealed that sexual practices, relationship status, and education status increase the odds of being HIV positive differently among 15 to 19-year-olds and 20 to 24-year-olds based on gender and changes through time. Significant relationship existed between HIV positive serostatus and total number of life time partners among females 15 to 19 years and 20 to 24 years; lack of condom use among males 20 to 24 years in 2005/06; early sexual debut and lower education status among females 20 to 24 years; and being widowed, separated, or divorced among males and females 20 to 24 years in 2010/11. The Odds of being HIV positive for males ages 15 to 19 years was not predicted by sexual practice, creating a need for future study. This study can contribute to positive social change by providing information about the associations between HIV serostatus and the assessed risk factors, which may help promote awareness about HIV infection risk, thereby helping develop and implement targeted public health interventions to reduce the burden of HIV.
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Osuala, Chima I. "Modifying Lamb/Mutton Flavors in Processed Meat Products by Smoking, Curing, Spicing, Starter Cultures and Fat Modification. Investigating the Use of the Technicon InfraAlyzer 400R as a Rapid Method for Proximate Analysis." DigitalCommons@USU, 1985. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5298.
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Mutton meat was tested in different products in order to obtain prototype products in which mutton can effectively be used without the objectionable mutton off flavor. Mutton flavor reduction was achieved in the processed meat products by: (a) lowering mutton fat to a level of 10% or less, (b) using spices, smoking and/or curing, (c) substituting fat from beef or pork for mutton fat, and (d) the action of microbial starter cultures. Four taste panel sessions were set up to rate these products against an all beef or all pork control for consumer acceptability. Taste panel results indicate that flavor had the greatest effect on overall acceptability of these products, compared to texture and appearance. Proximate meat analysis for fat, protein, moisture and ash were performed using the Technicon InfraAlyzer 400R and the results were compared with values obtained by reference AOAC methods. Correlation coefficients of 0.992, 0.867, 0.992 and 0.511 were obtained for fat, protein, moisture and ash respectively. The two methods were not significantly different (p = .05). These results indicate that the InfraAlyzer may be used as a rapid method for proximate analysis of fat, protein and moisture.
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Barbosa, Polyanna Dantas Fernandes de Sousa Freitas. "Avaliacão qualitativa de carnes de catetos (tayassu tajacu) e cutias (dasyprocta aguti) criados em cativeiro no semi-arido nordestino." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2010. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/320.
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Previous issue date: 2010-08-27Eight samples of peccary meat (Tayassu tajacu) and thirteen samples of agouti meat (Dasyprocta agouti) were collected and analysed using physicochemical and microbiological parameter. In the analysis were used 08 peccaries and 13 agoutis, all intensive farming. The meats were tested for moisture, dry matter and minerals; in microbiological analysis searched for the presence of enterobacteria, Staphylococcus and mesophilic bacteria. In the determination of dry matter, the average performance was 26.87 ± 1.1% for agoutis and 29.17 ± 1.54% for peccaries. In the analysis of minerals, we obtained an average of 4.84 ± 0.87 for peccaries and 4.72 ± 0.37 for agoutis. For the determination of moisture, peccary samples showed 70.83% and agouti samples showed 73.13%. In the analysis of enterobacteria, peccary samples had an average of 1.57 log10 UFC/g, and agouti samples had an average of 1.5 log10 UFC/g. In the determination of Staphylococcus, the samples showed an average of 1.57 log10 UFC/g and 1.55 log10 UFC/g for peccaries and agoutis, respectively. For mesophilic bacteria, peccary samples showed an average of 1.72 log10 UFC/g and agouti samples showed an average of 1.77 log10 UFC/g. Therefore, the physicochemical results were satisfactory compared with other animals of the same order. The microbiological results showed low levels of contamination.
Foram coletadas e avaliadas físico-quimica e microbiologicamente oito amostras de carne de catetos (Tayassu tajacu) e treze de cutias (Dasyprocta aguti). Nas análises foram utilizados 08 carcaças de catetos e 13 de cutias todos criados em cativeiro de forma intensiva. As carnes foram testadas quanto à umidade, matéria seca e minerais; nas analises microbiológicas pesquisou-se a presença de enterobactérias, Staphylococcus e bactérias mesófilas. Na determinação de matéria seca a média dos resultados foi de 26,87±1,1% para cutias e 29,17±1,54% para catetos. Na análise de minerais obteve-se uma média de 4,84±0,87 para catetos e 4,72±0,37 para cutias. Para a determinação da umidade as amostras de cateto apresentaram 70,83% e de cutia 73,13%. Na análise de enterobactérias as amostras de cateto apresentaram média de 1,57 log 10 UFC/g e as de cutia 1,5 log10 UFC/g. Na determinação de Staphylococcus coagulase positivos as amostras apresentaram média de 1,57 log10 UFC/g e 1,55 log10 UFC/g para catetos e cutias respectivamente. Para as bactérias mesófilas as amostras de cateto apresentaram média de 1,72 log10 UFC/g, e as de cutia apresentaram uma média de 1,77 log10 UFC/g. Portanto os resultados físicos químicos foram satisfatórios quando comparados com animais da mesma ordem e no microbiológico houve baixa contaminação indicando que o produto apresenta boa qualidade.
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Costa, Elias Santos da. "Rendimento e características físico-químicas da carne do camarão Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) e do caranguejo Dilocarcinus pagei (Stimpson, 1861)." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2015. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/4727.
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CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Many species of crustaceans are used for human consumption around the world. Investigations the ecology, behavior and cultive that may influence the meat characteristics are important to optimize the exploitation of this fishery resource. The aim of the study was to determine the yield and nutritional potential of meat Macrobrachium amazonicum prawn and crab Dilocarcinus pagei. Prawns and crabs were caught in the municipalities of Parintins and Itacoatiara, in the State of Amazonas, respectively. The prawn meat characteristics were examined in five treatments according to the cooking time, "in natura", 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes while the crab was used three treatments according to the cooking time 10, 15 and 20 minutes. All animals were prepared in brine at 10% with biometric variables being registered for determining the meat yield. Cooked meat samples of both species were utilized to determine the chemical composition and meat portions analyzed by a sensory panel of 40 untrained tasters. Performance data, chemical composition and sensory analysis were compared between treatments by one-way ANOVA being complemented by Tukey test. The prawns had a mean weight of 2.06 ± 0.37g and total length of 65.60 ± 4.08 mm, respectively, while the crabs had an average weight of 36.63 ± 10.70g and width of 42.19 ± 4.43mm. Prawn "in nature" had higher income securities compared to cooking times but when only compared the cooking times there was no difference, so has the crabs compared the yield of meat due to the cooking time. In prawn, the cooking times of 5, 15 and 20 minutes showed higher concentration of lipids and ash and crabs cooking time 20 minutes had higher concentration of lipids and calorie besides presenting lower moisture content. Crabs, there was no difference in protein and ashes with the cooking time 20 minutes showing higher concentration of lipids and calorie besides presenting lower moisture content. Both the prawn and crabs meat were well accepted by the average consumer in all sensory attributes analyzed. In prawn, the cooking time did not have influenced the appearance parameters, color, odor and overall acceptability, while in flavor and texture parameters, cooked prawn for 15 and 20 minutes showed greater acceptance than other cooking times. In crabs, the cooking time did not affect appearance, color, odor, flavor, texture and overall acceptance. Prawns cooked for 15 and 20 minutes and crabs for 20 min shawed the lower moisture ratio, this characteristic may promote the increase in storage time as well as providing a product with high nutritional quality.
Muitas espécies de crustáceos são usadas para alimentação humana em todo o mundo. As investigações sobre a ecologia, comportamento e cultivo que possam influenciar nas características da carne são importantes para otimizar a exploração deste recurso pesqueiro. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar o rendimento e potencial nutritivo da carne do camarão Macrobrachium amazonicum e do caranguejo Dilocarcinus pagei. Camarões e caranguejos foram capturados nos Municípios de Parintins e Itacoatiara, no estado do Amazonas, respectivamente. As características da carne de camarão foram analisadas em cinco tratamentos de acordo com o tempo de cozimento: “in natura”, 5, 10, 15 e 20 minutos enquanto para o caranguejo foi utilizado três tratamentos de acordo com o tempo de cozimento: 10, 15 e 20 minutos. Todos os animais foram preparados em salmoura a 10% com variáveis biométricas sendo registradas para a determinação do rendimento de carne. Amostras de carne cozidas, de ambas as espécies, foram utilizadas para determinar a composição centesimal e porções de carne analisadas sensorialmente por um painel de 40 provadores não treinados. Os dados de rendimento, composição centesimal e análise sensorial foram comparados entre os tratamentos por ANOVA de uma via sendo complementados pelo teste de Tukey. Os camarões apresentaram peso médio de 2,06 ± 0,37g e comprimento total de 65,60 ± 4,08 milímetros, respectivamente enquanto que os caranguejos apresentaram peso médio de 36,63 ± 10,70g e largura de 42,19 ± 4,43mm. Os camarões “in natura” apresentaram maiores valores de rendimento quando comparados com os tempos de cozimento, mas quando comparado apenas os tempos de cozimento não houve diferença, o mesmo ocorreu com os caranguejos quando comparado o rendimento de carne em função do tempo de cozimento. Em camarões, os tempos de cozimento de 5, 15 e 20 minutos apresentaram maior concentração de lipídeos e cinzas e nos caranguejos o tempo de cozimento 20 minutos apresentou maior concentração de lipídeos e valor calórico além de apresentar menor teor de umidade. Em caranguejos, não houve diferença no teor de proteína e cinzas. Tanto a carne do camarão quanto a do caranguejo foram bem aceitas pelo consumidor comum em todos os atributos sensoriais analisados. Em camarões, o tempo de cozimento não apresentou diferenças sobre os parâmetros aparência, cor, odor e aceitação global, enquanto que nos parâmetros sabor e textura, os camarões cozidos por 15 e 20 minutos apresentaram maior aceitação que os outros tempos de cozimento. Em caranguejos, o tempo de cozimento não afetou aparência, cor, odor, sabor, textura e aceitação global. Camarões cozidos por 15 e 20 minutos e caranguejos cozidos por 20 minutos obtiveram a menor taxa de umidade, o que pode promover o aumento do tempo de armazenamento além de proporcionar um produto com alta qualidade nutricional.
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Tikk, Kaja. "The influence of feeding and aging on pork quality /." Uppsala : Dept. of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200791.pdf.
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Cunha, Waldeliza Fernandes da. "Caracterização e potencial de comércio da carne de capivara criada em sistema semi-intensivo." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7507.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate efficiency, profitability and quality of housing, físicos- chemical parameters and acceptability of capybara meat grown in semi-intensive system, as well as knowing the profile and beliefs of consumers of exotic meat. The thesis is composed of five chapters, the chapter 1, initial considerations that addresses the motivations of research and so on and finally concludes as all, as this is the thesis summary. We conducted a literature review on the topic, from biology and habits of the capybara, the market of wild animals and meat quality. Subsequently characterized the carcass and cuts capybara as income, profitability and microbiology. For this, we used six coming adult capybaras (76kg) the commercial breeding of Jatai GO, slaughtered in the experimental abattoir IF Goiás Campus Ceres. The results showed hot carcass dressing (WHR) in relation to body weight (BW) of 52,9%. The yields of retail cuts (RCC) in descending order were: ham and (31,33%), shoulder (26,67%), rib (17,33%) and loin (10,67%), the profitability of housing is incremented when the cuts are marketed separately, there was no contamination by Salmonella. The physicochemical analyzes, we evaluated the proximate composition, water holding capacity (WHC), shear force (FC) and the color, the cuts from the loin, shank and the palette of six capybaras were used. The results showed that capybara meat has low levels in relation to Domestic meat lipids, highlighting the palette. There was no difference between the cuts for the CRA, HR ranged from 5,3 to 7,1, indicating softness. For color, the palette contents were lower in red (a *) for revealing lower lipid contents. Assessing the acceptability of capybara meat cuts and types of crackling, offering up different types of meat to consumers. The results showed that the capybara meat had similar acceptance pork and lamb, being lower than the beef. To know the profile and beliefs of consumers (end and distributors) of these products in the towns of Caldas Novas, Ceres and Goiânia, GO . The results showed that respondents consume meat of any wild form, capybara meat is the most consumed in the form of meatballs. It was evident that even family and friends influenced the consumption of these products. Finally, we observed the existence of belief that meat from animals raised in captivity is healthier, attributing the quality, price and availability of the product as determinants of increased consumption of meat of wild animals in these regions studied. We conclude that capybara meat has the potential consumer and marketing.
Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar rendimento, rentabilidade e qualidade da carcaça, parâmetros físicos- químicos e aceitabilidade da carne de capivara criadas em sistema semi-intensivo, bem como conhecer o perfil e crenças dos consumidores da carne exóticas. A tese foi composta por cinco capítulos, sendo o capítulo1, Considerações iniciais, que aborda as motivações da pesquisa e assim por diante e finalmente se conclui como um todos, pois este é o resumo tese. Realizou-se uma revisão de literatura sobre o tema, desde a biologia e hábitos da capivara, mercado de animais silvestres e qualidade de carne. Posteriormente, caracterizou a carcaça e os cortes de capivara quanto ao rendimento, rentabilidade e microbiologia. Para isso, utilizou-se seis capivaras adultas (76kg) vindas do criatório comercial de Jataí GO, abatidas no abatedouro experimental do IF Goiano Campus Ceres. Os resultados evidenciaram rendimento da carcaça quente (RCQ) em relação ao peso vivo (PV) de 52,9%. Os rendimentos dos cortes comerciais (RCC) em ordem decrescente foram: e pernil (31,33%), paleta (26,67%), costela (17,33%) e lombo (10,67%), a rentabilidade da carcaça é incrementada quando os cortes são comercializados separadamente, não houve contaminação por Salmonella. Nas análises físico-químicas, avaliou-se a composição centesimal, capacidade de retenção de água (CRA), força de cisalhamento (FC) e a cor, foram utilizados os cortes do lombo, pernil e a paleta de seis capivaras. Os resultados demonstraram que a carne de capivara tem teores de lipídeos baixo em relação a carnes domesticas, destacando a paleta. Não houve diferença entre os cortes para a CRA, a FC variou entre 5,3 a 7,1, indicando maciez. Para cor, a paleta apresentou menor teor de vermelho (a*) por revelar menor teor de lipídeos. Avaliando a aceitabilidade da carne de capivara tipos de cortes e torresmo, ofertando-se diferentes tipos de carne aos consumidores. Os resultados evidenciaram que a carne de capivara apresentou aceitação semelhante a carne suína e ovina, sendo inferior à carne bovina. Para conhecer o perfil e crenças dos consumidores (finais e distribuidores) desses produtos nas cidades de Caldas Novas, Ceres e Goiânia, GO.. Os resultados mostraram que os entrevistados consomem carne de silvestres de forma eventual, sendo a carne de capivara a mais consumida na forma de almôndega. Evidenciou-se ainda que a família e os amigos influenciavam no consumo desses produtos. Finalmente, observou-se a existência de crença de que a carne de animais criados em cativeiro é mais saudável, atribuindo-se a qualidade, preço e disponibilidade do produto como fatores determinantes de elevação do consumo de carnes de animais silvestres nestas regiões estudadas. Conclui-se que a carne de capivara tem potencial de consumo e comercialização.
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Figueiro, Thiago Rosa. "Modélisation des procédés pour la correction des effets de proximity en lithographie électronique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT011/document.
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Depuis l'apparition du premier circuit intégré, le nombre de composants constituant une puce électronique n'a cessé d'augmenter tandis que les dimensions des composants ont continuellement diminué. Pour chaque nouveau nœud technologique, les procédés de fabrication se sont complexifiés pour permettre cette réduction de taille. L'étape de lithographie est une des étapes la plus critique pour permettre la miniaturisation. La technique de lithographie qui permet la production en masse est la lithographie optique par projection. Néanmoins cette technologie approche de ses limites en résolution et l'industrie cherche de nouvelles techniques pour continuer à réduire la taille des composants. Les candidats sont l'écriture en plusieurs passes, la lithographie EUV, l'écriture directe, la nano-impression ou l'auto-organisation dirigée. Même si ces alternatives reposent sur des principes très différents, chacune a en commun l'utilisation de la lithographie électronique à un moment ou à un autre de leur réalisation. La lithographie électronique est sujette à des phénomènes spécifiques qui impactent la résolution finale, tels la diffusion des électrons, le « fogging », la diffusion d'acide, la CMP etc… La solution choisie par l'industrie pour tenir compte de tous ces phénomènes est de les prévoir puis de les compenser. Cette correction nécessite de les prédire à l'aide de modélisation, la précision de ces modèles décrivant les procédés étant primordiale. Dans cette thèse, les concepts de base permettant de développer un modèle sont présentés. L'évaluation de la qualité des données, la méthodologie de choix d'un modèle ainsi que la validation de ce model sont introduites. De plus, les concepts d'analyse de sensibilité locale et globale seront définis. L'état de l'art des stratégies utilisées ou envisagées pour les procédés lithographiques actuels ou futurs sont énoncés, chacune des principales étapes lithographiques étant détaillée. Les modèles tenant compte de la physique et de la chimie impactant sur la résolution après écriture par e-beam sont étudiés. De plus, les modèles compacts permettant de prédire les résultats obtenus par e-beam seront détaillés, pour finalement décrire les limitations des stratégies actuelles. De nouveaux modèles compactes sont proposés en introduisant de nouvelles familles de fonctions telles que les fonctions Gamma ou les fonctions de Voigt. De plus, l'utilisation des fonctions d'interpolations de type Spline sont également proposés. Un modèle résine d'utilisation souple a également été développé pour tenir compte de la plupart des comportements expérimentaux observés en évaluant les dimensions de motifs d'un dessin en utilisant des métriques appropriés. Les résultats obtenus en utilisant de telles méthodes montrent une amélioration de la précision de la modélisation, notamment en ce qui concerne les motifs critiques. D'autres modèles spécifiques permettant de décrire les effets d'extrême longue portée ou permettant de compenser les déviations entre deux procédés sont également décrits dans ce travail. Le choix du jeu de motifs de calibration est critique pour permettre à l'algorithme de calibration d'obtenir des valeurs robustes des paramètres du modèle. Plusieurs stratégies utilisées dans la littérature sont brièvement décrites avant l'introduction d'une technique qui utilise l'analyse de sensibilité globale basée sur la variance afin de sélectionner les types de géométries optimales pour la calibration. Une stratégie permettant la sélection de ces motifs de calibration est détaillée. L'étude de l'impact du procédé et des incertitudes de mesures issue de la métrologie est également abordée, ce qui permet d'énoncer les limites à attendre du modèle sachant que les mesures peuvent être imprécises. Finalement, des techniques permettant de s'assurer de la qualité d'un modèle sont détaillées, telle l'utilisation de la validation croisée. La pertinence de ces techniques est démontrée pour quelques cas réelSince the development of the first integrated circuit, the number of components fabricated in a chip continued to grow while the dimensions of each component continued to be reduced. For each new technology node proposed, the fabrication process had to cope with the increasing complexity of its scaling down. The lithography step is one of the most critical for miniaturization due to the tightened requirements in both precision and accuracy of the pattern dimension printed into the wafer. Current mass production lithography technique is optical lithography. This technology is facing its resolution limits and the industry is looking for new approaches, such as Multi-patterning (MP), EUV lithography, Direct Write (DW), Nano-imprint or Direct Self-Assembly (DSA). Although these alternatives present significant differences among each other, they all present something in common: they rely on e-beam writers at some point of their flow. E-beam based lithography is subject to phenomena that impact resolution such as are electron scattering, fogging, acid diffusion, CMP loading, etc. The solution the industry adopted to address these effects is to predict and compensate for them. This correction requires predicting the effects, which is achieved through modeling. Hence the importance of developing accurate models for e-beam process. In this thesis, the basic concepts involving modeling are presented. Topics such as data quality, model selection and model validation are introduced as tools for modeling of e-beam lithography. Moreover, the concepts of local and global sensitivity analysis were also presented. Different strategies of global sensitivity analysis were presented and discussed as well as one of the main aspects in its evaluation, which is the space sampling approach. State-of-the-art strategies for todays and future lithography processes were presented and each of their main steps were described. First Principle models that explain the physics and chemistry of the most influential steps in the process resolution were also discussed. Moreover, general Compact models for predicting the results from e-beam lithography were also presented. Finally, some of the limitations of the current approach were described. New compact models described as Point-Spread-Function (PSF) are proposed based on new distributions, such as Gamma and Voigt. Besides, a technique using Splines for describing a PSF is also proposed. Moreover, a flexible resist model able to integrate most of the observed behavior was also proposed, based on evaluating any pattern on the layout using metrics. Results using such method further improved the any of the PSF distribution approach on the critical features that were limiting the future technology nodes. Other specific models and strategies for describing and compensating for extreme-long-range effects and for matching two different fabrication processes are also proposed and described in this work. The calibration layout is a key factor for providing the calibration algorithm with the experimental data necessary to determine the values of each of the parameters of the model. Several strategies from the literature were briefly described before introducing one of the main propositions of this thesis, which is employing variance-based global sensitivity analysis to determine which patterns are more suitable to be used for calibration. A complete flow for selecting patterns for a calibration layout was presented. A study regarding the impact of process and metrology variability over the calibration result was presented, indicating the limits one may expect from the generated model according to the quality of the data used. Finally, techniques for assuring the quality of a model such as cross-validation were also presented and demonstrated in some real-life situations
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Johansson, Annie-Maj. "Undersökande arbetssätt i NO-undervisningen i grundskolans tidigare årskurser." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för matematikämnets och naturvetenskapsämnenas didaktik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-78835.
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This thesis deals with the use of inquiry-based approaches in primary school science. The aim is to investigate the goals and purposes that are constituted by the curriculum and by the teachers in interviews and through their teaching in the classroom. The results are used to develop conceptual tools that can be used by teachers’ in their work to support students’ learning of science when using an inquiry-based approach. The thesis is comprised of four papers. In paper one a comparative analysis is made of five Swedish national curricula for compulsory school regarding what students should learn about scientific inquiry. In paper two 20 teachers were interviewed about their own teaching using inquiry. Classroom interactions were filmed and analyzed in papers three and four, which examine how primary teachers use the various activities and purposes of the inquiry classroom to support learning progressions in science. The results of paper one show how the emphasis within and between the two goals of learning to carry out investigations and learning about the nature of science shifted and changed over time in the different curricula. Paper two describes the selective traditions and qualities that were emphasized in the teachers’ accounts of their own teaching. The results of papers three and four show how students need to be involved in the proximate and ultimate purposes of the teaching activities for progression to happen. The ultimate purposes are the scientific purposes for the lesson (as given by the teacher or by the curriculum), whereas the proximate purposes are the more student-centered purposes that through different activities should allow the students to relate their own experiences and language to the ultimate purpose. The results show the importance of proximate purposes working as ends-in-view in the sense of John Dewey, meaning that the students see the goal of the activity and that they are able to relate to their experiences and familiar language.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: In press. Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.
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Nemeth, Andrea Hilary. "Molecular analysis of human proximal Xp." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282128.
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Loewen, Philip Daniel. "Proximal normal analysis in dynamic optimization." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27132.
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Proximal normal analysis is a relatively new technique whose power and breadth of applicability are only now being realized. Given an optimization problem, there are many ways to define a "value function" which describes the changes in the problem's minimum value as certain parameters are varied. The epigraph of this function, namely the set of points lying on or above its graph, is a set whose geometry is intimately connected both with necessary conditions for optimality in the original problem and with the problem's sensitivity to perturbations. Proximal normal analysis is the geometrical technique which allows such information to be derived from a study of this fundamental set. In the first chapter we illustrate the technique in the simple model framework of a finite-dimensional mathematical programming problem, and describe its consequences for parameter sensitivity in optimal control.
Chapter II presents a detailed proof of the fundamental geometric result, called the "proximal normal formula", in Hilbert space. The proof is distilled from the more general work of Borwein and Strojwas (1985), who were the first to make this basic ingredient of the method available in infinite dimensions. This extension is of considerable practical interest: in Chapter III it makes possible a proximal normal analysis of state constraints in optimal control, which gives rise to a new form of the maximum principle for state constrained problems.
Limiting techniques and existence theorems are key ingredients in proximal normal analysis. Chapter IV gives a new existence theorem for open-loop stochastic optimal control problems in which compactness of the control set is not required, but instead a growth condition is imposed on the problem's running cost. In addition to their independent interest, the methods and results of Chapter IV enable us to use proximal normal analysis to investigate parameter sensitivity in stochastic optimal control in Chapter V. A byproduct of this analysis is a new proof of the Stochastic Maximum Principle which is more direct (if slightly more technical) than the proofs current in the literature, and which provides a rigorous interpretation of the multipliers.Science, Faculty of
Mathematics, Department of
Graduate
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Nong, Rachel Yuan. "Proximity Ligation Assays for Disease Biomarkers Analysis." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Molekylära verktyg, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-158634.
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One of the pressing needs in the field of disease biomarker discovery is new technologies that could allow high performance protein analysis in different types of clinical material, such as blood and solid tissues. This thesis includes four approaches that address important limitations of current technologies, thus enabling highly sensitive, specific and parallel protein measurements. Paper I describes a method for sensitive singleplex protein detection in complex biological samples, namely solid phase proximity ligation assay (SP-PLA). SP-PLA exhibited improved sensitivity compared to conventional sandwich immunoassays. We applied SP-PLA to validate the potential of GDF-15 as a biomarker for cardiovascular disease. Paper II describes ProteinSeq, a multiplexed immunoassay based on the principle of SP-PLA, for parallel detection of 36 proteins using next-generation sequencing as readout. ProteinSeq exhibited improved sensitivity compared to multiplexed sandwich immunoassays, and the potential to achieve even higher levels of multiplexing while preserving a high sensitivity and specificity. We applied ProteinSeq to analyze 36 proteins, including one internal control, in 5 μl of plasma samples in a cohort of patients with cardiovascular disease and healthy controls. Paper III describes PLA-DTM, a strategy for recording all possible interactions between sets of proteins in clinical samples. Individual proteins and their interactions are first encoded to dual barcoded DNA by PLA, and the barcodes are interrogated by a method named dual tag microarray (DTM). We applied the method for studying interactions among protein members of the NFκB signaling pathway. Paper IV describes a novel probing strategy for analyzing individual biomolecules in solution or in situ. The technique employs a new class of probes for unfolding proximity ligation assays - uPLA probes. The probes are designed so that each probe set is sufficient in forming and replicating circular DNA reporter, without interactions among themselves when incubated with the sample. The uPLA probing strategy provides ease in the design of multiple probe sets in parallelized assays while enhancing the specificity of detection. We used the uPLA probes to detect various targets, including synthetic DNA and cancer-related transcripts in situ.
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Razafindramanana, Octavio. "Low-dimensional data analysis and clustering by means of Delaunay triangulation." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4033/document.
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Les travaux présentés et discutés dans cette thèse ont pour objectif de proposer plusieurs solutions au problème de l’analyse et du clustering de nuages de points en basse dimension. Ces solutions s’appuyent sur l’analyse de triangulations de Delaunay. Deux types d’approches sont présentés et discutés. Le premier type suit une approche en trois-passes classique: 1) la construction d’un graphe de proximité contenant une information topologique, 2) la construction d’une information statistique à partir de ce graphe et 3) la suppression d’éléments inutiles au regard de cette information statistique. L’impact de différentes measures sur le clustering ainsi que sur la reconnaissance de caractères est discuté. Ces mesures s’appuyent sur l’exploitation du complexe simplicial et non pas uniquement sur celle du graphe. Le second type d’approches est composé d’approches en une passe extrayant des clusters en même temps qu’une triangulation de Delaunay est construiteThis thesis aims at proposing and discussing several solutions to the problem of low-dimensional point cloudanalysis and clustering. These solutions are based on the analysis of the Delaunay triangulation.Two types of approaches are presented and discussed. The first one follows a classical three steps approach:1) the construction of a proximity graph that embeds topological information, 2) the construction of statisticalinformation out of this graph and 3) the removal of pointless elements regarding this information. The impactof different simplicial complex-based measures, i.e. not only based on a graph, is discussed. Evaluation is madeas regards point cloud clustering quality along with handwritten character recognition rates. The second type ofapproaches consists of one-step approaches that derive clustering along with the construction of the triangulation
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Huaytia, Fernandez Ricardo. "Skin and proximity effect analysis of traction motor." Thesis, KTH, Elektrisk energiomvandling, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-96302.
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Traction motors are thermally pressed to obtain a high torque per unit volume at the same time as a relatively high frequency is used. Because of the high frequency the phenomenon skin effect and proximity effects appear, this is explored in the thesis. To find a link between the parasitic and thermal effects on the insulation is important. In this thesis, a finite element model of the Flux 2D suitable for skin effect analysis is developed; also a thermal network has been developed to find thermal hotspots in the stator slot. In this thesis, sinusoidal supplies for two operating points are studied and triangular sinusoidal PWM supply is as well studied for the nominal operating point.
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Gokce, Mersin. "Coupled stability analysis of close proximity ship towing." Thesis, Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/6060.
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Approved for public release, distribution is unlimitedThe scope of this thesis is to study the stability of two ships in close proximity towing. Unlike previous studies in the past, the lateral dynamics of both ships are included in the formulation. The equations of motion of the system consist of the sway and yaw motions of the two ships and a control law for the leading ship. An eigenvalue stability analysis of the coupled system confirms the results that are obtained through numerical simulations. It is shown that it is possible for the system to be unstable even through the classical criteria for the towing stability are satisfied. A series of parametric studies is conducted in order to analyze the sensitivity of the system for different towline lengths, tension, and control time constant.
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Bakhti, Karima. "Proximal arm non-use in post-stroke individuals." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONT4006/document.
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Après un accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC), l’utilisation de stratégies compensatoires dans les activités de la vie quotidienne peut freiner la récupération motrice du membre supérieur parétique. En effet, lors d’une tâche d’atteinte, les individus post-AVC présentant un déficit sévère limitant les mouvements épaule-coude, doivent utiliser la flexion du tronc afin de réaliser une tâche d’atteinte. Dans ce cas, il s’agit d’une compensation obligatoire-adaptative. D’autre part, certains individus post-AVC ayant suffisamment récupéré la motricité épaule-coude, continuent de solliciter une flexion du tronc, et cette compensation non-obligatoire du tronc est dite maladaptative car elle reflète la non-utilisation épaule–coude (proximal arm non-use - PANU) ayant pour effet d’entraver la récupération du bras parétique.Dans la première étude, 45 sujets post-AVC et 45 sujets contrôles sains appariés en âge ont effectué une tâche d’atteinte, le tronc libre (utilisation spontanée du bras) et le tronc auto-fixé (utilisation maximale du bras). L’analyse a montré que les scores PANU des sujets post-AVC étaient compris entre 1,9% et 40,7% avec une médiane à 11,7%. La mesure du score PANU est reproductible, valide et représente la réserve motrice épaule-coude. Le seuil significatif du PANU a été fixé à 6,5% (limite supérieure chez les sujets sains). Enfin, le score PANU est complémentaire aux tests usuels de déficience et de fonction du membre supérieur (Box and Block test, Fugl-Meyer)La deuxième étude a montré la possibilité d’utiliser un système Kinect dans l’obtention du score PANU. Des mesures ont été effectuées simultanément avec les deux systèmes (Kinect et Zebris-CMS20s) chez 19 sujets post-AVC. Cette étude a montré que le score PANU mesuré avec la Kinect pourrait être utilisé comme un outil de diagnostic qui permettrait de proposer aux sujets post-AVC une rééducation spécifique d’utilisation forcée du bras par tronc bloqué ou bien par feedback.La troisième étude est une revue de la littérature sur les technologies innovantes appliquées à la rééducation sensorimotrice post-AVC suggérant que le score PANU puisse être intégré dans un traitement rééducatif par réalité virtuelle.En conclusion, ces travaux démontrent que quantifier objectivement la non-utilisation épaule-coude (score PANU) lors d’une tâche d’atteinte est possible et reproductible. Les scores PANU peuvent être déterminés également par un système très accessible (Kinect) ce qui permettrait d’intégrer le score PANU dans un jeu de rééducation par réalité virtuelleThe use of compensatory strategies to perform activities of daily living after a stroke can reduce the upper limb recovery. In fact, post-stroke individuals with severe upper limb impairment that limits shoulder-elbow motion, have to use trunk compensation to achieve a reaching task within arms’ length, which is a form of mandatory/adaptive compensation strategy. Whereas, post-stroke individuals having adequately recovered shoulder-elbow motion, continue to use the trunk when they could use the proximal arm to achieve the reach; and this non-mandatory trunk compensation is considered maladaptive because it reflects proximal arm non-use or PANU, which is detrimental to true recovery of the paretic arm.In the first study, 45 post-stroke individuals and 45 age matched healthy controls performed a seated reaching task within arm’s length with the trunk free to move (spontaneous use) and trunk restrained (maximal use) to measure their PANU score. The analysis showed that PANU scores for the post-stroke individuals ranged between 1,9% and 40,7% with a median of 11,7%, and these PANU scores were a reliable and reproducible measure of the functional reserve of the upper limb. The PANU score threshold for clinical significance was set as 6.5% (upper limit in healthy subjects). The PANU score seems pertinent as a complement to usual clinical assessments of upper limb function and impairment (Box and Block test, Fugl-Meyer).The second study explored the applicability of the Kinect system to measure PANU scores in 19 post stroke individuals in comparison to the standard Zebris-CMS20s method. The analysis showed that the PANU score measured by the Kinect was valid and reliable, and therefore should be used as a tool to classify patients in order to propose specific upper limb rehabilitation with arm-forced use by trunk restraint or feedback.Study three was a review of innovative technologies applied to sensorimotor rehabilitation after a stroke suggesting that PANU scores could be implemented in virtual reality rehabilitation and be used as a tool to determine the efficacy of the specialised treatment.In conclusion, this thesis showed that i) objectively quantifying the proximal arm non-use (PANU score) during a reaching task using a 3D motion capture system is feasible and reliable, and ii) PANU scores are accurately determined also using a more widely available and less expensive Kinect-based motion sensor with the future aim of PANU being integrated in a Kinect-based upper limb virtual reality rehabilitation
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McArthur, Paul A. "A kinematic analysis of the normal proximal interphalangeal joint." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251222.
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Lagarde, Ethan. "Using Suitability and Proximity Analysis to Discover Houston's Accessibility via Roadways and Public Transportation." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613073.
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Houston is one of the fastest growing metropolis’ in the country. Driving this growth is the oil and gas industry and also the Texas Medical Center, the world’s largest medical center. With such growth comes various problems. One of the leading problems according to its citizens in 2014 was traffic and the lack of access to public transportation.
This project aims to help find solutions to this problem by locating areas that could help improve public transportation access and take a look at Houston’s accessibility via roadways. Using datasets from various Houston agencies such as the City of Houston and the Houston-Galveston Area Council, overlay analysis was used to help find prime areas that could be improved. Using ESRI ArcMap, models were completed in order to automate the analysis process. Tools such as raster conversion, Euclidean distance, zonal stats as table, and reclassify were used. In order to analyze Houston accessibility via the roadways, ArcGIS Online was used. Several Proximity analyses were run in order to view various types of dating dealing with the accessibility of Houston using roadways.
The results show areas that do not currently have access to public transportation and areas that would be suitable locations for improvements based on different criteria. For roadway access, the results show average commute times, drive-time accessibility, and freeway access. This will allow for the accessibility of Houston to be shown whether it is by public transportation or by roadway.
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Jabran, Ali. "Biomechanical analysis of proximal humerus plate for spatial subchondral support." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/biomechanical-analysis-of-proximal-humerus-plate-for-spatial-subchondral-support(101d8da0-ce24-44c0-9ca1-8fe281b3e7fd).html.
Full textAbstract:
Proximal humerus fractures are the third most common fractures in the over-65 patient population and their stable fixation remains a key challenge in orthopaedic and trauma surgery. While Open Reduction Internal Fixation by plate has become a well-known treatment modality in the last few decades, clinical studies associate high complication rate with its use. The overall aim of this project was to create a computer-aided design framework for proximal humerus plates using a validated subject-specific humerus-plate finite element model. The framework consisted of three stages: (1) reverse engineering of bone and plate geometry, (2) creation and validation of a finite element model simulating the in vitro testing of the bone-implant construct and (3) parametric optimisation study of implant design using this model. In vitro biomechanical tests were conducted to not only compare the mechanical performance of three key commercially available proximal humerus plates (S3-, Fx- and PHILOS plate) but also the effect of different screw zones. Sixty-five humeri specimens with two-part surgical neck fractures were treated and grouped based on their different screw configurations. Extension, flexion, varus and valgus bending were applied in the cantilever fashion in the elastic tests whereas only varus bending was applied in the plastic tests. The load required to apply 5 mm displacement was measured to determine bone-plate construct stiffness. The S3 plate yielded the stiffest constructs and while the removal of the inferomedial support had the most impact on varus bending stiffness, type of medial support was important: inferomedial screws in the Fx plate achieved higher bending stiffness than blade insertion. Stability of constructs treated with the plate was an interplay of factors such as the plateâs and screws' number, orientation and position. Next, a subject-specific finite element model of the humerus-plate construct was successfully developed that simulated the stiffest of the constructs from the in vitro varus bending tests conducted in this project. The model was validated against the in vitro results. The validated model was then used to perform a parametric optimisation study where the combination of design parameters (height and divergence angle of S3 plateâs inferomedial screws) was determined that achieved optimum bone-plate construct stability (minimum fracture gap change). Out of the 538 designs tested, the optimum design (16o divergence angle and 33o height angle) yielded the lowest fracture gap change (0.156 mm) which was 4.686% lower than the standard finite element model while achieving 5.707% higher varus bending load (54.753 N). The validated model was also used to investigate the issue of using smooth pegs and threaded screws. Twenty-six models with different percentages of screw threading were run to compare their bone-plate construct stiffness. While threading the smooth pegs was found to increase the varus bending stiffness by up to 4.546%, it did not affect all screws equally. Finally, the successful completion of the optimisation study of screw orientation and the clinical investigation promises the implementation of the computational framework for a range of future multi-objective optimisation studies of multiple design parameters especially for the design of implants for other parts of the human body and also for investigations into other clinically relevant questions.
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Rusch, Thomas, Patrick Mair, and Kurt Hornik. "COPS Cluster Optimized Proximity Scaling." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4465/1/COPS.pdf.
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Proximity scaling (i.e., multidimensional scaling and related methods) is a versatile statistical
method whose general idea is to reduce the multivariate complexity in a data set by employing suitable proximities between the data points and finding low-dimensional
configurations where the fitted distances optimally approximate these proximities. The ultimate goal, however, is often not only to find the optimal configuration but to infer statements about the similarity of objects in the high-dimensional space based on the the similarity in the configuration. Since these two goals are somewhat at odds it can happen that the resulting optimal configuration makes inferring similarities rather difficult. In that case the solution lacks "clusteredness" in the configuration (which we call "c-clusteredness"). We present a version of proximity scaling, coined cluster optimized
proximity scaling (COPS), which solves the conundrum by introducing a more clustered appearance into the configuration while adhering to the general idea of multidimensional scaling. In COPS, an arbitrary MDS loss function is parametrized by monotonic transformations
and combined with an index that quantifies the c-clusteredness of the solution. This index, the OPTICS cordillera, has intuitively appealing properties with respect to measuring c-clusteredness. This combination of MDS loss and index is called "cluster optimized loss" (coploss) and is minimized to push any configuration towards a more clustered appearance. The effect of the method will be illustrated with various examples: Assessing
similarities of countries based on the history of banking crises in the last 200 years, scaling Californian counties with respect to the projected effects of climate change and their social vulnerability, and preprocessing a data set of hand written digits for subsequent classification by nonlinear dimension reduction. (authors' abstract)Series: Discussion Paper Series / Center for Empirical Research Methods
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Gu, Gucci Jijuan. "Proximity Ligation Assay for High Performance Protein Analysis in Medicine." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för immunologi, genetik och patologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-179827.
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High quality reagents are preconditions for high performance protein analyses. But despite progress in some techniques, e.g. mass spectrometry, there is still a lack of affinity-based detection techniques with enhanced precision, specificity, and sensitivity. Building on the concept of multiple affinity recognition reactions and signal amplification, a proximity ligation assay (PLA) was developed as a molecular tool for analyzing proteins and their post-translational modification and interactions. PLA enhanced the analysis of protein expression levels and post-translational modifications in western blotting (Paper I), which had elevated sensitivity and specificity, and an ability to investigate protein phosphorylation. A general and straightforward method was established for the functionalization of affinity reagents through adding DNA strands to protein domains for protein analysis in medicine (Paper II). A method for protein domain-mediated conjugation was developed to simplify the use of recombinant affinity reagents, such as designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin), in DNA-mediated protein analyses. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory impairment, and amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in the brain are clinical hallmarks of the disease. In order to understand the mechanisms underlying the formation of NFT, in situ PLA was used to explore the role of microtubule affinity related kinase 2 (MARK2) in phosphorylating tau protein during the pathological progress of AD (Paper III). The analyses of roles of MARK proteins 1-4 in phosphorylating tau protein in cells and in post-mortem human brains were performed in Paper IV. The focus of this thesis was the study of post-translational modifications and interactions of proteins in medicine. Procedures for high performance protein analysis in western blotting via proximity ligation were developed, and a functionalization method for recombinant affinity reagents in DNA-mediated protein analysis was established. These and other techniques were used to investigate the roles of tau-phosphorylating MARK family proteins in AD.
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Fredriksson, Simon. "Proximity Ligation : Transforming protein analysis into nucleic acid detection through proximity-dependent ligation of DNA sequence tagged protein-binders." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Genetics and Pathology, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-2691.
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A novel technology for protein detection, proximity ligation, has been developed along with improved methods for in situ synthesis of DNA microarrays. Proximity ligation enables a specific and quantitative transformation of proteins present in a sample into nucleic acid sequences. As pairs of so-called proximity probes bind the individual target protein molecules at distinct sites, these reagents are brought in close proximity. The probes consist of a protein specific binding part coupled to an oligonucleotide with either a free 3’- or 5’-end capable of hybridizing to a common connector oligonucleotide. When the probes are in proximity, promoted by target binding, then the DNA strands can be joined by enzymatic ligation. The nucleic acid sequence that is formed can then be amplified and quantitatively detected in a real-time monitored polymerase chain reaction. This convenient assay is simple to perform and allows highly sensitive protein detection. Parallel analysis of multiple proteins by DNA microarray technology is anticipated for proximity ligation and enabled by the information carrying ability of nucleic acids to define the individual proteins. Assays detecting cytokines using SELEX aptamers or antibodies, monoclonal and polyclonal, are presented in the thesis.
Microarrays synthesized in situ using photolithographic methods generate impure products due to damaged molecules and interrupted synthesis. Through a molecular inversion mechanism presented here, these impurities may be removed. At the end of synthesis, full-length oligonucleotides receive a functional group that can then be made to react with the solid support forming an arched structure. The 3’-ends of the oligonucleotides are then cleaved, removing the impurities from the support and allowing the liberated 3’-hydroxyl to prime polymerase extension reactions from the inverted oligonucleotides. The effect of having pure oligonucleotides probes compared to ones contaminated with shorter variants was investigated in allele specific hybridization reactions. Pure probes were shown to have greater ability to discriminate between matched and singly mismatched targets at optimal hybridization temperatures.
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Rozenbaum, Wajs Valérie. "DECOMPOSITIONS ET ALGORITHMES PROXIMAUX POUR L'ANALYSE ET LE TRAITEMENT ITERATIF DES SIGNAUX." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00935698.
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Cette th'ese est consacr'ee 'a l''etude et la r'esolution de certains probl'emes non lin'eaires du traitement du signal et de l'image via l'analyse convexe. Nous proposons une 'etude variationnelle unifi'ee de probl'emes inverses et de probl'emes de d'ecomposition de signaux qui ont, jusqu''a pr'esent, 'et'e 'etudi'es individuellement en raison de leur apparente disparit'e. Dans le mod'ele adopt'e, cette famille de probl'emes est r'eduite g'en'eriquement 'a la minimisation d'une somme de deux fonctions soumises 'a certaines propri'et'es de r'egularit'e. Des r'esultats d'existence, d'unicit'e et de caract'erisation du probl'eme ainsi pos'e sont obtenus. L'op'erateur proximal, introduit par Moreau en 1962 pour les besoins de la m'ecanique, joue un rˆole essentiel dans notre analyse. Nous l'utilisons notamment pour obtenir de nouveaux sch'emas non lin'eaires de d'ecomposition de signaux. Cet outil est par ailleurs au coeur de l'algorithme explicite-implicite que nous proposons pour la r'esolution du probl'eme g'en'erique. Ce cadre th'eorique est appliqu'e 'a l'analyse de signaux et 'a la restauration d'images. Les probl'emes de restauration que nous abordons sont pos'es sur des trames et notre approche permet de prendre en compte des contraintes de parcimonie ou de mod'eliser des formulations bay'esiennes avec des connaissances a priori sur les lois des coefficients de la d'ecomposition. Des r'esultats num'eriques sont fournis.
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Daldoul, Mabrouk. "Contribution aux méthodes proximales et applications à la régression linéaire l1." Dijon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DIJOS042.
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Le premier chapitre rassemble quelques éléments d'analyse convexe. On rappelle les principaux résultats sur la dualité de Fenchel en adoptant un point de vue non classique, ce qui conduit à des preuves plus simples et moins techniques. Le deuxième chapitre est consacré à une analyse de la convergence de méthodes proximales. On montre, en particulier que l'algorithme proximal généralise, introduit par C. D. Ha, engendre une suite minimisante même en absence de solution. On montre aussi la convergence finie de l'algorithme de Tichonov pour un opérateur dont l'inverse possède la propriété diff-max. Enfin on s'intéresse à l'algorithme de l'inverse partiel en améliorant le résultat de convergence finie. Le chapitre 3 propose une nouvelle approche, pour résoudre le problème de régression linéaire l1. Le point de vue proximal adopte permet de développer plusieurs algorithmes nouveaux qui présentent l'avantage d'être facilement implémentables, de pouvoir traiter une grande variété de contraintes (linéaires ou non linéaires), et d'être parallélisables, ce qui est aussi un avantage pour les problèmes de grandes tailles. On consacre un paragraphe au problème de l'm-estimateur de Huber en donnant un résultat sur le lien entre solutions du problème l1 et solutions du problème de Huber. La partie 4 est une annexe qui contient les programmes en Matlab pour le problème de régression l1 et des résultats numériques
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Dencks, Stefanie. "Signal analysis of quantitative ultrasound measurements at the proximal femur." Aachen Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1000909786/04.
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Leuchowius, Karl-Johan. "High Content Analysis of Proteins and Protein Interactions by Proximity Ligation." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Molekylära verktyg, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-119530.
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Fundamental to all biological processes is the interplay between biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. Studies of interactions should therefore be more informative than mere detection of expressed proteins. Preferably, such studies should be performed in material that is as biologically and clinically relevant as possible, i.e. in primary cells and tissues. In addition, to be able to take into account the heterogeneity of such samples, the analyses should be performed in situ to retain information on the sub-cellular localization where the interactions occur, enabling determination of the activity status of individual cells and allowing discrimination between e.g. tumor cells and surrounding stroma. This requires assays with an utmost level of sensitivity and selectivity. Taking these issues into consideration, the in situ proximity-ligation assay (in situ PLA) was developed, providing localized detection of proteins, protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications in fixed cells and tissues. The high sensitivity and selectivity afforded by the assay's requirement for dual target recognition in combination with powerful signal amplification enables visualization of single protein molecules in intact single cells and tissue sections. To further increase the usefulness and application of in situ PLA, the assay was adapted to high content analysis techniques such as flow cytometry and high content screening. The use of in situ PLA in flow cytometry offers the possibility for high-throughput analysis of cells in solution with the unique characteristics offered by the assay. For high content screening, it was demonstrated that in situ PLA can enable cell-based drug screening of compounds affecting post-translational modifications and protein-protein interactions in primary cells, offering superior abilities over current assays. The methods presented in this thesis provide powerful new tools to study proteins in genetically unmodified cells and tissues, and should offer exciting new possibilities for molecular biology, diagnostics and drug discovery.
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Nelson, Evan, Charles D. Creusere, Thomas Critz, and Eric Butcher. "Analysis of Communication Rates in the Proximity of Near-Earth Asteroids." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/579571.
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ITC/USA 2013 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Ninth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 21-24, 2013 / Bally's Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, NVIn this paper we analyze fundamental local-area communication issues related to proximity operations around near-earth asteroids. We are motivated by NASA's plan to send robotic spacecraft to numerous such asteroids in the coming years in preparation for an eventual manned mission. We consider here the case where multiple probes are deposited on the surface of an asteroid and must communicate the data they collect to each other and to earth by using the orbiting `mothership' as a relay. With respect to this scenario, we statistically analyze the ability of surface probes in various locations to communicate with the mothership as well as their abilities to network with one another. For the purposes of this analysis, we assume the simplest possible communications scenario: a surface probe can communicate with the mothership only when it has an unobstructed line of sight. At the frequencies of interest here, line of sight is a necessary condition but it is obviously not sufficient - the end-to-end link margins of our communications system must be high enough to support the desired/required data rates. The work presented in this paper extends our previous research in which we only analyzed the visibility of the locations on the surface of the asteroid. Here, we consider how visibility affects the required communications bandwidth and buffer sizes for both surface-to-spacecraft and surface-to-surface scenarios.
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Creusere, Charles D., Evan Nelson, Thomas Critz, and Eric Buther. "Analysis of Communication Interconnectedness in the Proximity of Near-Earth Asteroids." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/581638.
Full textAbstract:
ITC/USA 2012 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Eighth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 22-25, 2012 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaIn this paper we analyze fundamental local-area communication issues related to proximity operations around near-earth asteroids. We are motivated by NASA's plan to send robotic spacecraft to numerous such asteroids in the coming years in preparation for an eventual manned mission. We consider here the case where multiple probes are deposited on the surface of an asteroid and must communicate the data they collect to each other and to earth by using the orbiting `mothership' as a relay. With respect to this scenario, we statistically analyze the ability of surface probes in various locations to communicate with the mothership as well as their abilities to network with one another. For the purposes of this analysis, we assume the simplest possible communications scenario: a surface probe can communicate with the mothership only when it has an unobstructed line of sight. At the frequencies of interest here, line of sight is a necessary condition but it is obviously not sufficient - the end-to-end link margins of our communications system must be high enough to support the desired/required data rates. Nonetheless, this simplistic analysis represents the first step in characterizing the communication system requirement for the asteroid-local portion of the system.
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Okan, Orhan Barbaros. "A design procedure for seakeeping analysis of close proximity ship towing." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/6039.
Full textAbstract:
Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited.The purpose of this thesis is to develop an efficient analysis and design procedure for assessing the seakeeping behavior of surface ships in close proximity towing. The problem is formulated by using the heave and pitch equations of motion in regular waves. The vertical plane relative motions between the trailing and the leading ships are matched through the speed-resistance characteristics of the trailing ship. A sea state degradation factor is introduced. This factor characterizes the expected seakeeping performance penalty resulting from the connection. A series of parametric studies is conducted for various geometric properties and environmental characteristics. The results can be used to evaluate the response of the system and provide insight into parameter selection for motion minimization.
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de, Oliveira Felipe Marques Souza. "Development and Application of Proximity Assays for Proteome Analysis in Medicine." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Molekylära verktyg, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-334536.
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Along with proteins, a myriad of different molecular biomarkers, such as post-translational modifications and autoantibodies, could be used in an attempt to improve disease detection and progression. In this thesis, I build on several iterations of the proximity ligation assay to develop and apply new adaptable methods to facilitate detection of proteins, autoantibodies and post-translational modifications. In paper I, we present an adaptation of the solid-phase proximity ligation assay (SP-PLA) for the detection of post-translational modification of proteins (PTMs). The assay was adapted for the detection of two of the most commons PTMs present in proteins, glycosylation and phosphorylation, offering the encouraging prospect of using detection of PTMs in a diagnostic or prognostic capacity. In paper II, we developed a variant of the proximity ligation assay using micro titer plate for detection and quantification of protein using optical density as readout in the fluorometer, termed PLARCA. With a detection limit considerably lower than ELISA, PLARCA detected femtomolar levels of these proteins in patient samples. In paper III, we aim to compare detection values of samples collected from earlobe capillary, venous plasma, as well as capillary plasma stored in dried plasma spots (DPS) assessed with a 92-plex inflammation panel using multiplex proximity extension assay (PEA). Despite the high variability in protein measurements between the three sample sources, we were able to conclude that earlobe capillary sampling is a suitable less invasive alternative, to venipuncture. In paper IV, we describe the application of PLARCA and proximity extension assay (PEA) for the detection of GAD65 autoantibodies (GADA). Thus, offering highly sensitive and specific autoimmunity detection.
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Brown, Jessica Lynn. "Morphological variation of the proximal femur in selected skeletal remains." Diss., Click here for available full-text of this thesis, 2006. http://library.wichita.edu/digitallibrary/etd/2006/t039.pdf.
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Cornillon, Pierre-André. "Prise en compte de proximites en analyse factorielle et comparative." Montpellier, ENSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENSA0012.
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La non independance des observations est un phenomene souvent rencontre en statistique. Ce travail, dans le cadre des analyses factorielles quelques methodes pour tenir compte de ces liaisons entre observations. Le cadre des analyses locales est ainsi etendu a l'analyse en composantes principales sur variables instrumentales et a la regression partial least squares. D'autres metriques permettant par exemple la reconstitution des donnees sont aussi envisagees. La seconde partie de ce travail traite de l'extension de ces criteres de prise en compte de proximites a l'analyse conjointe de tableaux. Des tests de non independance et leurs proprietes d'optimalite sont exposes dans le troisieme chapitre. Enfin, des modeles prenant en compte la non independance dans le cadre plus complexe d'analyse comparative sur des populations de poissons teleosteens sont presentes. L'estimation des coefficients des differents modeles est realisee par des procedures iteratives sur la vraisemblance (methode em) ou sur la vraisemblance concentree.
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Lunn, David Edmund. "Musculoskeletal modeling and finite element analysis of the proximal juvenile femur." Thesis, University of Hull, 2013. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:8418.
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The influence of mechanical loading on bone modelling and remodelling has been, and still is the subject of many studies. It is widely accepted that the internal structure of long bones is orientated to the strains experienced throughout activities, and the morphometry of the bones are as a result of the loading. Although other influences play a role in bone development including, hormonal, nutritional and genetic. The internal structure is orientated in such a way that it transfers the loads experienced without being excessive in weight, providing an efficient weight bearing structure. Many researchers have analysed the adult femur but little work has been undertaken to understand femoral development in juveniles. Therefore the aim this work was to develop an understanding of the mechanical stresses and strains that the femur experiences during growth. The juvenile femur changes dramatically throughout growth. These changes occur from prenatal through to full maturity. The most notable include the ossification from a highly cartilaginous structure in the early years of development, to bone at ~18 years old, an increase in the length and angle of the neck, a change in the shaft torsion and a change in the bicondylar angle. Similarly, the development of movement patterns and locomotion in humans changes significantly throughout growth. Movement is restricted in utero, in neonates the movement begins to engage muscular activity, at 6 months a baby is usually able to sit upright; 9 months crawling begins; by 1 year old there is the ability to walk without support and at 4 years old an adult like gait pattern has developed. Full adult gait pattern has been documented to be achieved between 8-11 years old. In this work through gait analysis and musculoskeletal modelling the loads which the femur experiences at specific stages/ages of bipedal locomotion are analysed. Finite element analyses were then performed to develop an understanding of the stresses and strains of the proximal juvenile femur in relation to the attainment and development of bipedal gait. This was achieved by evaluating changes in these mechanical stresses and strains throughout different ages, relating them to the variations discovered in the gait patterns. Digitisation of the femora was performed on four specimens; prenatal, 3 years old, 7 years old and an adult. Following the scanning of the specimens in a micro CT scanner, some restoration to the damaged samples was required. Furthermore the dry samples were incomplete, and the models were needed to be modelled to accurately resemble fully intact femurs. The CT scans contained the full shaft however were missing the fully articulated proximal femur, due to the dry nature of the specimens the cartilages were absent. MRI scans which contained the femoral head data but were missing the full shaft were merged with the CT data to create a fully articulated femur for use in subsequent modelling. Gait analysis was performed on five children aged from 3-7 years old, with an average of five adults gait data used for comparison. The analysis showed that kinematic data was similar between all ages, however kinetic results revealed some differences. Ground reaction force in the 3 year old showed a higher heel strike compared to a higher toe off observed in adult during the gait cycle, indicating a lack of control in the 3 year old. Furthermore the 3 year old, compared to the other ages, had different values in joint moments. These joint moment results in particular played a role in the muscle forces produced from the musculoskeletal modelling. To obtain the muscle force data required for the FEA, musculoskeletal models were built. Testing the reliability of the musculoskeletal model was performed comparing the kinematic and kinetic data from the musculoskeletal modelling against the data obtained from the motion capture system. A good agreement was found between these data sets with the kinematics having the largest difference in the ankle plantar flexion of 8.6°. The kinetic results revealed almost exact matches. Further testing was attempted between the muscle force data and collected EMG. The collected EMG matched reported EMG in the literature and the onset and offset times of muscle activity corresponded well to muscle force peaks produced in the musculoskeletal model. Comparisons between the EMG and force through calculating the EMG as a force were inconclusive, although a degree of accuracy was shown but a more comprehensive method is required. It was concluded that with the accuracy of the kinematic and kinetic results the musculoskeletal modelling was accurate enough to give a true representation of physiological muscle forces to be modelled during FEA. Analysis of the musculoskeletal modelling results in the children revealed that the 3 year old had the highest significance between all the age groups. With the greatest significance in the hip flexors and abductors throughout the gait cycle. Joint reaction forces as a percentage of bodyweight were found to be much higher in the juvenile models. The adult model had a value of 265% bodyweight whereas the 3 year old showed a reaction force of 537% bodyweight. These differences observed in the musculoskeletal modelling had a direct effect on the FEA because the loads calculated here were applied to the finite element models to evaluate the effects that these would have on the stresses and strains during growth and development of the femur. FE models were built to represent a 3 year old, 7 year old and adult femur. Age specific loads calculated over 100% of a gait cycle, were applied to the models. The stress/strain analysis revealed some differences between the models but in general the areas exposed to high and low strain levels were similar. The similarities could suggest that each model was structurally adapted to the loads the femur regularly experiences. The thesis was successful in evaluating the stress and strain distribution apparent in the developing femur. However the work would be advanced by evaluating models from age ranges with a much more varied movement pattern i.e. crawling. This would increase an understanding of the structural optimisation of the femur.
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Job, Sarah A., and Stacey L. Williams. "A Path Analysis Approach to Proximal Minority Stress and Problematic Drinking." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2018/schedule/56.
Full textAbstract:
Sexual minorities consistently report more alcohol use than heterosexual individuals, and sexual minority women tend to report more alcohol use than sexual minority men (Amadio, 2006; Kerr et al., 2015; Rosario et al., 2014). Some evidence suggests that this disparity in comparison to heterosexuals may be problematic drinking, such as binge drinking and alcohol dependence, rather than just higher consumption of alcohol. Thus, it is important to examine which variables are related to problematic drinking among sexual minority women.
One factor that may explain problematic drinking for sexual minority women is proximal minority stress, such as anticipated stigma (expectations of unfair treatment) and internalized stigma (negative attitudes toward the self about one’s sexual orientation) (Meyer, 2003). Previous research has found that internalized stigma predicts more problematic drinking (Feinstein & Newcomb, 2016; Lea et al., 2014). Additionally, proximal minority stress may be indirectly related to problematic drinking through variables like depression, social support, and drinking motives (Lehavot & Simoni, 2011; Lewis et al., 2016). However, findings on anticipated stigma have inconsistently shown a relationship with problematic drinking (Hatzenbuehler et al., 2008; Reisner et al., 2015).
The current study tested a path analysis model examining how proximal minority stress may be related to problematic drinking among sexual minority women. Participants included 101 women who identified as lesbian, bisexual, and other non-heterosexual orientations. Participants were mainly white, and came from all regions of the United States (Northeast, South, Midwest, West). They completed the following measures: the Internalized Stigma Subscale of the Perceived Stigma Scale (Mickelson, 2001), the Discrimination Scale (adapted from Williams, 1997), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet et al., 1988), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (Radloff, 1977), the Drinking Motives Questionnaire (Cooper, 1994), and the AUDIT (Saunders et al., 1993).
The final model tested anticipated stigma and internalized stigma as predictors of social support and depression; depression significantly predicted coping and enhancement motives, which in turn predicted problematic drinking. Age, living in the Northeast, and being a racial/ethnic minority were covariates of depression, internalized stigma and social support respectively. A path analysis conducted via EQS determined that the model had good fit (Chi-square/df = 1.10, p = 0.32, CFI = .988, SRMR = 0.082, RMSEA = .032 (90% CI [0.001, 0.082]). These results support the hypotheses that minority stress is related to more problematic drinking through depression and substance use motives. Findings could suggest that future research and interventions should examine the replacement of negative coping mechanisms, like drinking, with more positive coping mechanisms among sexual minority women.
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Townley, David J. "Comparative and functional analysis of the Msx-1 proximal regulatory region." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14564.
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Metazoan embryogenesis is characterised by the large scale cellular movements of morphogenesis and the co-ordinated expression of genes specifying pattern in the resultant structures. In Drosophila one family of such genes, the homeobox genes, is involved in some of the key mechanisms effecting these processes. Homeobox genes play a similar role of patterning the body in vertebrate embryos. Msx-1 is one member of a family of three vertebrate homeobox genes homologous to the Drosophila homeobox gene msh. Little is known of the role of the msh gene in Drosophila however detailed analysis of the expression pattern of Msx-1 in the developing mouse has led to the proposal that it is involved, possibly through a role in inductive interactions, in development of the heart, eye, limbs and craniofacial structures. Detection of Msx-1 transcripts by RNA in situ hybridisation demonstrates that precise spatial and temporal regulation of Msx-1 expression is achieved at the transcriptional level. Experiments in the limb show that this regulation responds to positional cues as expected of a gene concerned with patterning the developing body. Knowledge of the mechanisms by which Msx-1 transcription is regulated and identification of the gene products involved is vital to an understanding of the regulatory cascade that patterns the embryo, and to a view of the role of Msx-1 in such a system. To elucidate this problem I have analysed the 5'-flanking region of the gene and attempted to identify cis-acting DNA regulatory elements close to Msx-1. Non-functional parts of the genome are subject to a gradual 'drift' in nucleotide content.
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Peper, Jonas [Verfasser]. "Proximity and Affinity based Analysis of Cardiac Caveolin Protein Interactions / Jonas Peper." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1228364419/34.
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Li, Chi. "Impedance-Based Stability Analysis in Power Systems with Multiple STATCOMs in Proximity." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/85053.
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Multiple STATCOM units in proximity have been adopted in power transmission systems in order to obtain better voltage regulation and share burdens. Throughout stability assessment in this dissertation, it is shown, for the first time, that STATCOMs could interact with each other in a negative way in the small-signal sense due to their control, causing voltage instability, while loads and transmission lines showed small effects. Since this voltage stability problem is induced by STATCOMs, d-q frame impedance-based stability analysis was used, for the first time, to explore the inherent power system instability problem with presence of STATCOMs as it provides an accurate understanding of the root cause of instability within the STATCOM control system.
This dissertation first proposes the impedance model in d-q frame for STATCOMs, including dynamics from synchronization, current and voltage loops and reveals the significant features compared to other types of grid-tied converters that 1) impedance matrix strongly coupled in d and q channel due to nearly zero power factor, 2) different behaviors of impedances at low frequency due to inversed direction of reactive power and 3) coupled small-signal propagation paths on the voltage at point of common coupling from synchronization and ac voltage regulation.
Using the proposed impedance model, this dissertation identifies the frequency range of interactions in a viewpoint of d-q frame impedances and pinpointed that the ac voltage regulation was the main reason of instability, masking the effects of PLL in power transmission systems. Due to the high impedance of STATCOMs compared to that of transmission lines around the frequency range of interactions, STATCOMs were seen to interact with each other through the transmission lines. A scaled-down 2-STATCOM power grid was built to verify the conclusions experimentally.Ph. D.
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Brėdikytė, M. (Milda). "The zones of proximal development in children’s play." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2011. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514296147.
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Abstract This study investigates the relationship between play and child development. This work is the continuation of a thesis on children’s verbal creativity stimulated by dialogical drama intervention which I defended in 2001 at the Vilnius Pedagogical University, Lithuania. The first doctoral thesis in educology resulted in the main intervention method (Dialogical Drama with Puppets) used in this project. The theoretical framework of the study is based on cultural-historical theories developed by Vygotsky and his followers. This approach has influenced on the methodological choices of the study and the concept of the zone of proximal development is a central concept in Vygotskian theory of human cultural development. The concept has been elaborated in an earlier publication (Hakkarainen & Bredikyte 2008) and is now used as an analytic tool. Other theoretical concepts of Vygotsky like the social situation of development, the unit, environment and mechanism of development are used. This study is a small sample from the whole research project, which integrated research studies, theoretical courses and practice of master’s degree students in early education. For families and children the project was a play club. From the theoretical point of view the project was a “genetic experiment”, a “playworld” and intervention study aiming at joint creative play of adults and children. In cultural-historical theory (cultural) environment is the source of qualitative developmental changes of individuals, but each child has to be motivated and self carry out developmental acts. These theoretical principles require special forms of social interaction “mutual interventions”. The methodological approach opens a new perspective to the study of play and development. Individual play development of some children is followed up several years. Cumulative effects and qualitative changes can be detected easier in this setting. Multi-age child groups change our understanding about play development. Empirical part of this study consists of a few cases, which demonstrate what kind of developmental trajectories are possible. It is impossible to tell exactly what the effect of our play environment is, but observations and interpretations can guide further research activity. The results of this study demonstrate in which conditions narrative intervention in joint playworld environment can lead to creative acts, what steps are necessary in the development of joint play, how mutuality in adult-child play supports child development, and what elements are essential in play producing pedagogy and professional growthTiivistelmä Tämä tutkimus selvittää leikin ja lasten kehityksen välistä yhteyttä. Siinä työssä jatkuu tekijän edellisessä Vilnan pedagogisen yliopiston edukologian väitöskirjassa 2001 aloittama lasten luovuuden tutkimus dialogista draamaa käyttäen. Tämä tutkimus tuotti keskeisen intervention menetelmän (Dialoginen nukkedraama), jota nyt käytetään. Tämän tutkimuksen viitekehys perustuu Vygotskin ja hänen seuraajiensa kehittelemään kulttuuri-historialliseen teoriaan. Metodologiset ratkaisut ja Vygotskin kulttuurisen kehityksen teorian keskeinen käsite – lähikehityksen vyöhyke – ovat vaikuttaneet tutkimuksen toteutukseen. Tätä käsitettä on kehitelty aikaisemmassa julkaisussa (Hakkarainen & Bredikyte, 2008) ja sitä käytetään nyt analyyttisenä työvälineenä. Vygotskin muitakin teoreettisia käsitteitä kuten ”kehityksen sosiaalinen tilanne”, ”kehityksen analyysiyksikkö”, ”kehityksen ympäristö”, ja ”kehitysmekanismi” on otettu käyttöön. Tämä tutkimus on pieni siivu koko tutkimusprojektista, johon kytkeytyi varhaiskasvatuksen maisteriopiskelijoiden tutkimusopintoja, teoriakursseja ja harjoittelua. Perheiden ja osallistuvien lasten näkökulmasta projekti oli leikkikerho. Teoreettiselta näkökulmalta projektin ydin oli ”geneettinen eksperimentti”, ”leikkimaailma” ja ”interventiotutkimus”, joka pyrkii saamaan aikaan aikuisten ja lasten yhteistä luovaa leikkiä. Kulttuuri-historiallisessa teoriassa (psykologinen/ kulttuurinen) ymäristö on yksilön laadullisten kehityksen muutosten lähde, mutta jokaisen lapsen on oltava motivoitunut ja itse toteutettava kehittävät teot. Nämä teoreettiset periaatteet edellyttävät erityistä sosiaalisen vuorovaikutuksen muotoa ”vastavuoroista interventiota”. Käytetty metodologinen lähestymistapa avaa uuden mahdollisuuden tutkia leikkiä ja kehitystä. Joidenkin yksittäisten lasten leikin kehitystä on voitu seurata useita vuosia. Kasautuvat vaikutukset ja laadulliset muutokset voidaan todeta helpommin tällaisella tutkimusotteella. Eri-ikäisten lasten yhteiset leikkiryhmät auttavat ymmärtämään paremmin leikin olemusta ja kehitystä. Tutkimuksen empiirinen osa muodostuu yksitäistapauksista, jotka kertovat millaiset kehityskaaret ovat mahdollisia. Tarkkoja syitä ja seurauksia ei ole mahdollista leikkiympäristössä osoittaa, mutta havainnot ja tulkinnat ohjaavat jatkotutkimusta. Tutkimuksen tulokset kertovat millaisissa olosuhteissa narratiivinen interventio yhteisessä leikkiympäristössä voi johtaa luoviin tekoihin, miten yhteinen leikki voi kehittyä ja kehittää, millainen vastavuoroisuus aikuisen ja lasten leikissä tukee kehitystä sekä mitkä asiat ovat välttämättömiä leikin pedagogiikassa ja ammatillisessa kasvussa
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Darmanis, Spyros. "Solid-phase Proximity Ligation Assays : High-performance and multiplex protein analyses." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för immunologi, genetik och patologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-144093.
Full textAbstract:
Protein biomarkers circulating in blood hold the promise of improved diagnosis, prognosis and follow-up of treatment of disease via minimally invasive procedures. For the discovery and validation of such biomarkers, methods are needed that can facilitate parallel, highly specific and in-depth analysis of the blood proteome. The work presented in this thesis intends to develop and apply such assays, building on the concept of the proximity ligation assay (PLA). In paper I, I present an easy and non-expensive alternative for the conjugation of oligonucleotides to antibodies via biotin-streptavidin-biotin interaction. This approach can be used when large sets of antibodies and/or oligos need to be validated for their performance as probes in PLA reactions. In paper II, a solid-phase variant of PLA (SP-PLA) for the detection and quantification of proteins in blood is presented. SP-PLA exhibited an improved limit of detection compared to commercial ELISA assays by two orders of magnitude. In addition SP-PLA exhibited a broader dynamic range by at least one order of magnitude and required only 5 μl of sample, rendering the method very well suited for analyses of precious bio-banked material. Last but not least, SP-PLA was used to validate the diagnostic potential of GDF-15 as a biomarker for cardiovascular disease in a set of cardiovascular disease patients and healthy controls. Paper III discusses the development of a multiplex SP-PLA (MultiPLAy) for the simultaneous detection of 36 proteins in just 5 μl of sample. MultiPLAy exhibited an improved LOD when compared to state-of-the-art bead-based sandwich assays. Most importantly, we observed only a minimal tendency to increased background with multiplexing, compared to a sandwich assay, suggesting that much higher levels of multiplexing will be possible. The assay was used to identify putative biomarkers in sample cohorts of colorectal cancer (CRC) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Subsequent multivariate analysis revealed previously known diagnostic biomarkers. Furthermore, we successfully applied next-generation sequencing as a readout for the protein assays, allowing for the first time digital recording of protein profiles in blood. In paper IV, we investigated the suitability of prostasomes as blood biomarkers in patients with prostate cancer using a newly developed PLA assay (4PLA) that utilizes five binders for the detection of complex target molecules. The assay successfully detected significantly elevated levels of prostasomes in blood samples from prostate cancer patients prior to radical prostatectomy, compared to controls and men with benign biopsy results.
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Clausson, Carl-Magnus. "Making Visible the Proximity Between Proteins." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-217772.
Full textAbstract:
Genomic DNA is the template of life - the entity which is characterized by a self-sustaining anatomical development, regulated signaling processes, the ability to reproduce and to respond to stimuli. Through what is classically known as the central dogma, the genome is transcribed into mRNA, which in turn is translated into proteins. The proteins take part in most, if not all, cellular processes, and it is by unraveling these processes that we can begin to understand life and disease-causing mechanisms. In vitro and in vivo assays are two levels at which protein communication may be studied, and which permit manipulation and control over the proteins under investigation. But in order to retrieve a representation of the processes as close to reality as possible, in situ analysis may instead be applied as a complement to the other two levels of study. In situ PLA offers the ability to survey protein activity in tissue samples and primary cell lines, at a single cell level, detecting single targets in their natural unperturbed environment. In this thesis new developments of the in situ PLA are described, along with a new technique offering in situ enzyme-free detection of proximity between biomolecules. The dynamic range of in situ PLA has now been increased by several orders of magnitude to cover analogous ranges of protein expression; the output signals have been modified to offer a greater signal-to-noise ratio and to limit false-positive-rates while also extending the dynamic range further; simultaneous detection of multiple protein complexes is now possible; proximity-HCR is presented as a robust and inexpensive enzyme-free assay for protein complex detection. The thesis also covers descriptions on how the techniques may be simultaneously applied, also together with other techniques, for the multiple data-point acquisition required by the emerging realm of systems biology. A future perspective is presented for how much more information may be simultaneously acquired from tissue samples to describe biomolecular interactions in a new manner. This will allow new types of biomarkers and drugs to be discovered, and a new holistic understanding of life.
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Baygorrea, Cusihuallpa Nancy 1982. "Algoritmo do ponto proximal para operadores não monótonos." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/306438.
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Orientador: Roberto AndreaniDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica
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Resumo: Esta dissertação desenvolve um estudo detalhado da convergência local do método de ponto proximal para resolver o problema de encontrar zeros de operadores maximais sem a condição de monotonicidade. Em particular, é estudada a convergência dos métodos de multiplicadores proximais para resolver problemas de otimização não linear sem a condição de convexidade. Para obter os resultados desejados apresentaremos ferramentas de análise variacional para substituir a condição de monotonicidade maximal do operador como também, a teoria de dualidade generalizada para a aplicação do método de multiplicadores proximais. Apresentamos também uma aplicação do algoritmo do ponto proximal aos métodos dos multiplicadores para uma classe de problemas gerais baseados num esquema de dualidade generalizada
Abstract: In this dissertation we will develop a detailed study of local convergence of proximal point method for finding a root of maximal operators without monotonicity. In particular, it is studied the convergence for proximal method of multipliers by solving nonlinear optimization problems without convexity conditions. In order to obtain the desired results we will study some variational analysis tools to replace maximal monotonicity condition of operators as well as general duality theory which is t reacted to study an application to proximal method of multipliers. Also, we show an application of the proximal point algorithm to the multipliers methods for a class of problems which is based in general duality scheme
Mestrado
Matematica Aplicada
Mestra em Matemática Aplicada