Relevant bibliographies by topics / Proximate compositions

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Proximate compositions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 6 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Proximate compositions"

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Sami, R. A., M. Usman, R. O. Abdulmalik, H. Abubakar, and A. Ibrahim. "Proximate analysis of some Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha) Germplasm from Sokoto and Kebbi States." ADAN Journal of Agriculture 1, no. 1 (2020): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/adanja/0202.10.0150.

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Jatropha curcas (Linnaeus) belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae and is closely related to other important cultivated plants like rubber tree and castor. Nigeria being a tropical country has wide variations in climatic and soil conditions and therefore has a wide variety of oil crops such as Jatropha. But the paucity of information on the proximate composition and utilization of its seeds in Nigeria is a problem when it comes to the genetic improvement of the crop. Information about nature and extent of genetic variability present in the Jatropha germplasm and association of various proximate compositions is a pre-requisite in planning successful breeding programme. The objectives of the study were to determine the variation in the proximate composition of some Jatropha curcas L. genotype seeds, determine the correlation among the proximate compositions in the Jatropha and suggest the best genotypes in terms of the proximate composition. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory of Product Development Research Programme of the Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Data were collected on the proximate compositions of the seeds: moisture, ash, protein, lipid, fibre and carbohydrate content and analyzed. Phenotypic correlations were computed for all the proximate compositions. Rank summation index was generated to identify the best genotype in terms of the proximate compositions. Significant differences were observed for all proximate compositions studied except the lipid which showed highly significant variation for all the genotypes. Highly significant correlations were observed between protein and lipid content (r = 0.67). Sokoto3 and Kebbi10 ranked first and last with rank summation indices of 14 and 118 respectively. The results obtained indicated the presence of appreciable amount of variability within the genotypes to be exploited for improvement. Sokoto3 was found to be the best genotype in terms of the proximate composition.
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Victor, Echebiri Udochukwu, Christogonus Ifeanyichukwu Ugoh, Francis Chukwuemeka Eze,, Ifunanya Lydia Omeje, and Momoh Besiru. "Analytical Methods in Proximate Composition of Ten Commonly Used Seasonings in Nigeria." European Journal of Food Science and Technology 10, no. 2 (2022): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ejfst.2013/vol10n2pp2434.

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This paper examines the proximate composition of ten commonly used seasonings (named A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I and J) in Nigeria. The data for this study were collected from Eke-Awka market in Anambra State as a representative of Nigeria using the simple random sampling method. The techniques of Single-factor Analysis of Variance and Kruskal-Wallis Test (One-Way ANOVA on Ranks) were employed in this study; Proximate compositions across the seasonings were tested for constant variance and normality. The findings of this study showed that the proximate compositions across the seasonings lack evidence of equality in variance and also lacks normality. Furthermore, the results from the Kruskal-Wallis test, as an alternative nonparametric to Single-factor ANOVA, showed that there is statistically significant difference between the proximate compositions across the seasonings. The Dunn Kruskal-Wallis Multiple Comparison test showed an evidence of no significant difference in the mean percentage composition of the following pairs of the proximate compositions: Ash and Fat, Carbohydrate and Fat, Ash and Moisture, Carbohydrate and Moisture, and Moisture and Protein. Thus, this study shows that there is significant difference in the proximate compositions of seasonings in Nigeria.
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Michael, K. G., O. A. Sogbesan, L. U. Onyia, and S. M. Shallangwa. "Nutritional Evaluation of Processed Jatropha curcas Seed Meals." Direct Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science 7, no. 6 (2019): 131–36. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3242756.

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This research was aimed at evaluating the proximate composition, mineral, vitamins, fatty acids and level of anti-nutrients compositions of raw and processed <em>Jatropha curcas</em> seeds and examined the effect of processing on the parameters. From the proximate composition analysis, the protein, crude lipid, ash, crude fibre and nitrogen free extract content showed a significant difference (p&lt;0.05) between the processed and unprocessed (raw) seed meals. Evaluation of the mineral composition showed that processing significantly affected the compositions. Vitamins compositions were significantly (p&lt;0.05) improved due to soaked and fermented methods. Fatty acids compositions of the raw and processed were significantly different (p&lt;0.05). Analyses of the anti-nutrient compositions showed that the processed <em>J. curcas</em> registered a significant reduction in compositions compared to the unprocessed seed meals. These results suggested that the consumption of <em>J. curcas</em> will go a long way in reducing the level of competition with <em>Glycine max</em> (soybean) in the feed industries.
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Erniati, Erniati, Yudho Andika, Imanullah Imanullah, et al. "Proximate Composition of Shell (Bivalves) in North Aceh District, Aceh Province Based on Differences in Species and Environmental Characteristics." International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology 3, no. 1 (2023): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.52088/ijesty.v3i1.424.

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Shellfish (bivalves) are potential biodiversity of waters with an important significant value used by the community as a food source of highly nutritious animal protein. Based on survey results, several coastal areas in North Aceh District have the potential for shellfish. Still, there have not been any scientific reports on this region's proximate composition of bivalves. This study aims to determine the relative arrangement of the dominant bivalves in the North Aceh District based on species differences and environmental characteristics. The results showed varying proximate bivalve proximate compositions of 4 chief types of shellfish in North Aceh waters. Bivalvia water ranged from 6.9-14.2%, ash ranged from 5.87-8.29%, protein ranged from 32.84-35.87%, fat ranged from 3.04-10.83%, and carbohydrate ranged from 38.11-42.71%. The highest protein and fat content were found in the Crassostrea sp1 type clams. In addition, the differences in the environmental characteristics of the shell sampling locations also resulted in different proximate compositions. The PCA test results showed that the critical variablarrangemente composition was ash and fat content. The environmental parameters, which were the key parameters of the relative arrangement of the shells were the substrate and pH.
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Omola Emmanuel Michael, Edoka, Friday Nathaniel, and Sa’eed, Mohammed Dayyab. "Proximate analysis of some selected fish feeds marketed within Kano metropolis, Nigeria." UMYU Scientifica 1, no. 1 (2022): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.56919/usci.1122.021.

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Fish feeds (Fish bolsters) are produced in form of flakes, pellets, or tablets designed to contain vegetables, proteins, cereals, vitamins, and minerals fundamental for ideal development and wellbeing of fishes. However, the scientific evaluation of the feeds compositions as claimed by most manufacturers is lacking in many parts within Nigeria. Proximate composition analyses were carried out in some selected fish feeds marketed within the Kano metropolis following the method of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. The result of the proximate investigation showed the following composition: 7.28-11.16% ash, 6.10-12.26% moisture, 11.13-14.29% lipid, 3.01-5.61 % fibre, 37.45-44.30% protein and 20.26-27.70% carbohydrate. There was no critical distinction (p&gt;0.05) noticed among the values of all the proximate compositions of the fish feeds studied. However, a few values exceeded the permissible limit, whereas the majority fell within limits set by relevant regulatory agencies. Considering that most of the feeds were within the permissible limit of regulatory bodies, it could be deduced that the fish feeds are safe for fish consumption.
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Afieroho, O. E., J. I. AJuzie, and M. C. Afieroho. "Proximate composition and evaluation of some antioxidant properties of the fresh fruits of Harungana madagascariensis Lam. Ex Poir. (Hypericaceae)." Research Journal of Food Science and Nutrition 4, no. 6 (2019): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/rjfsn2019.064.

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This study reports the proximate composition and some antioxidant properties: free radical scavenging (FRS), total phenolics content (TPC) and total flavonoids content (TFC) of the under-utilized fresh fruits of Harungana madagascariensis, a plant widely used in folklore medicine. The proximate compositions were determined following the AOAC method. The antioxidant properties FRS, TPC and TFC were respectively evaluated in vitro using the standard diphenyl picryl hydrazine (DPPH), Folin ciocateau and Aluminium chloride spectrophotometric assays. The proximate compositions: water content (13.771 g/100g fresh fruit), dry matter (82.229 g/100g fresh fruit), ash (3.087 g/100g fresh fruit), crude fat (42.011 g/100g fresh fruit), crude protein (6.489 g/100g fresh fruit), crude fibre (0.396 g/100g fresh fruit), total carbohydrate (34.246 g/100g fresh fruit) and Energy value (541.036 Kcal/100 g fresh fruit) were obtained from the fruit of H. madagascariensis. For the antioxidant properties, a TPC (6.758 mg tannic acid equivalent per g fresh fruit), TFC (0.055 mg quercetin equivalent/g fresh fruit) and FRS (IC50 = 0.05 mg/mL) were obtained. This study is reporting for the first time the proximate composition of the fruits of H. madagascariensis a plant widely used in ethno-medicine in addition to its antioxidant potentials and recommends it as a good source of functional food.
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CV, Ilodibia. "Evaluation of Proximate and Mineral Compositions of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae)." Annals of Experimental and Molecular Biology 6, no. 1 (2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/aemb-16000130.

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Momordica charantia L. is a significant medicinal plant that is becoming more well-known in dietetics and modern medicine. Proximate and Mineral compositions on the leaf and stem of M. charantia were evaluated to determine its nutritional characteristics using standard techniques. Data obtained were analyzed using independent sample T-test with SPSS software version 21. Results showed that the parts contained all investigated nutrients but in varied quantities. The leaf had higher percentage of moisture (10.38±0.01 %), crude fiber (18.76±0.03 %) and carbohydrate (22.10±0.04 %), while the stem had higher dry matter (90.56±0.03 %), ash (23.45±0.01 %), ether extract (11.28±0.01 %) and crude protein (18.14±0. 03 %). In the mineral composition, the leaf contained higher composition of calcium (90.34±0. 09 mg/100g), sodium (87.64±0.06 mg/100g), magnesium (48.76±0.01 mg/100g) and iron (10.17±0.01 mg/100g), while the stem contained higher composition of potassium (115.80±0.01 mg/100g) and phosphorus (59.90±0.42 mg/100g). This research validated the plant's possible applications. Therefore, these portions could be employed as a natural food source and also extracted to make medications and food supplements, as well as to improve animal feed.
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Umar, I., and V. C. Emenyonu. "Assessing Impact of Gamma Irradiation on Proximate Composition of White Yam, Dioscorea Rotundata: Pepa Specie Farmed in Nasarawa State." Nigerian Journal of Environment and Health 2, no. 2019 (2019): 12–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14652337.

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Previous attempts by Nigeria to export yams have not yielded the desired objectives because the yams were rejected due to rot,before reaching their destination. On the basis of the foregoing attempt was made to evaluate the impact of gamma irradiationon the proximate composition of the local Pepa yam, variety of the white yam; Dioscerea Rotundata. This was to determine thepreservation ability of gamma radiation source and its durability. Pepa yam tubers were gathered from six Local GovernmentAreas (LGA) of Nasarawa State using the judgmental sampling method. The irradiation was carried out using Co- 60 source at theGamma Irradiation Facility of the Nigeria Atomic Energy Commission (NAEC), Abuja, F.C.T. The irradiation processing was doneat varying dose rates with the dose limits ranging from 30Gy, 60Gy, 80Gy, 120Gy, 150Gy, 180Gy, 230Gy and 300Gy. The sampleswere stored for 5 months at ambient temperature in a room with floor covered with sand. The proximate compositions of theirradiated samples were analyzed using the standard methods of the Association of the Official Analytical Chemistry and resultingdata processed with SPSS ANOVA using repeated measure t-test. This is to test for the measure of significance between values ofthe proximate composition immediately after irradiation (IAI) and five months after irradiation (A5M). Pearson Correlation wasalso performed to ascertain the relationships between the variables. Measured variables of the proximate compositions: crude ash,crude fat, crude protein, crude fibre, carbohydrate, revealed a statistically significant positive correlation p &lt; 0.01 between the Pepa&nbsp;yam samples immediately after irradiation and 5 months later. This indicates that there is a relationship between the irradiation and&nbsp;the changes of the values of the proximate compositions and longevity in terms of the extended shelf-life of the Pepa yams. Keywords: Irradiation, Dormancy, Chemical residue, Degradation, Sprouting.
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Bala, I., F. U. Ahmad, A. K. Yerima, S. S. Said, and A. T. Ibrahim. "Nutritional Quality Evaluation of Stored Onion (Allium cepa L.) Powder in Transparent and Amber Coloured Jars." Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 29, no. 2 (2022): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njbas.v29i2.2.

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This study investigated the proximate compositions, microbial counts and total polyphenols content of onion powder stored at ambient temperature for six months in transparent and amber coloured jars. Standard methods of Association of Analytical Chemists (AOAC), American Public Health Association (APHA) were used to evaluate the proximate composition and microbial count of the powder while the Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to assess total polyphenols during and after storage. There were significant (p &lt; 0.05) differences in the total polyphenol (TP) contents and proximate composition of onion powder stored in amber and transparent jars. Total polyphenol contents of the onion powder decreased from an initial value of 14.60±1.08 mg/g GAE to a final value of 5.92±0.76 mg/g GAE in the amber coloured jar after storage while a final value of 1.64± 0.78 (mg/g) GAE was evaluated after storage in the transparent jar. From proximate compositions, only crude protein, fibre and moisture contents increased during and after storage in both storage jars. There was more retention of proximate parameters in the content of amber storage jar during and after storage. Microbial colony counts in onion powder in the amber jars were fewer than in the transparent jars during and after storage. To minimize wastage of onion during glut season, onion should be made into powder form and better stored in amber coloured material for better retention of nutritional qualities prior to use at home or industry.
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Adam, Sheriff, Bukar Zanna Aisha, Modu Kagu Bintu, Mala Musa Hadiza, Gudusu Modu, and Mohammed Fulata Ali. "Comparative Proximate Analysis of Walnut Kernel (Tetracarpidium conophorum)." Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal 9, no. 5 (2022): 34–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13973690.

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This research investigates the proximate compositions of raw and cooked walnut kernel sample to achieve standard methods were adopted. The proximate compositions of both of the samples were carbohydrates, moisture, ash, crude fat, crude proteins and crude fibre for the raw sample were 77.06%, 4.12%, 2.27%, 5.53%, 4.88% and 6.14% while, for the cooked sample 76.91%, 6.41%, 2.20%, 3.67% 3.56% and 7.25% respectively.&nbsp; Protein contents were found to be (4.88%) and (3.56%) for the raw and cooked samples therefore, walnut could be considered as a good source of proteins, high protein foods are excellent addition to vegetarian. &nbsp;
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Proximate compositions"

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Sardenne, Fany. "Des relations trophiques à l'état de santé : allocation d'énergie chez les thons tropicaux : cas de l'ouest de l'océan Indien." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT171/document.

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Les thons tropicaux (thon jaune, thon obèse et bonite à ventre rayé) sont des espèces largement exploitées dont un quart des prises mondiales provient de l'océan Indien. Capturés en bancs mixtes à la senne, ces prédateurs de haut niveau trophique présentent une physiologie particulière (e.g. thermorégulation partielle, nage obligatoire) mais différents traits de vie (e.g. taille maximale, stratégie de reproduction). L’objectif est ici de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension de l'allocation d'énergie chez ces espèces. Pour cela un échantillonnage mensuel a été mis en place en 2013 aux Seychelles, de manière à collecter des thons sur une large gamme de taille et de conditions environnementales. Un premier travail méthodologique nous a conduit à étudier l'effet de la teneur en lipides sur les valeurs isotopiques, et nous avons montré que l'utilisation d'équation de correction du taux de lipides lors des analyses isotopiques nécessite un ajustement spécifique. Au travers de traceurs écologiques (isotopes stables du carbone et de l'azote et acides gras), une comparaison trophique des trois espèces a montré qu'elles n'exploitent pas exactement les mêmes ressources énergétiques, notamment grâce à un changement alimentaire au cours de l'ontogénie. Ce changement se traduit par l'assimilation de proies plus riches en acides gras mono-insaturés pour les individus supérieurs à 100 cm FL. L'étude des contenus en lipides et protéines de quatre tissus aux fonctions physiologiques différentes (muscles blanc et rouge, foie et gonades) a montré que ces espèces font peu de réserves énergétiques et uniquement dans le foie et le muscle rouge. Les mâles consacrent également moins d'énergie que les femelles à la synthèse de cellules germinales. D'autre part, seul l'indice gonado-somatique permet de rendre compte de variations énergétiques, les autres indices testés (facteur de condition de Le Cren, indice hépato-somatique et circonférence) sont de mauvais proxies du contenu énergétique des tissus. Enfin, l'étude des acides gras membranaires indique une incorporation particulière du 20:4n-6 et du 22:6n-3, dont le niveau varie avec l'ontogénie et selon les tissus. Une grande variabilité intra-spécifique est cependant observée et suggère une certaine plasticité physiologique chez ces espèces<br>Tropical tunas (yellowfin, bigeye and skipjack tuna) are exploited worldwide with a quarter of the catches coming from Indian Ocean. Caught by purse seine in mixed schools, these top predators displayed a specific physiology (e.g. partial endothermy, ram-ventilators) but various life history traits (e.g. maximal size, reproduction batches). The objective of this work is to contribute to a better understanding of energy allocation in these species. For this purpose, a monthly sampling was carry out throughout 2013 in Seychelles, to collect tunas on a large range size and environmental conditions. In a first methodological step, we studied the lipids influence on isotopic values in tropical tunas and showed that using mathematical correction of lipids content requires a specific adjustment. Then, using ecological tracers (stable isotope of carbon and nitrogen and fatty acids), a trophic comparison of the three species showed that they do not exploited exactly the same energetic resources, especially due to an ontogenic diet shift. This shift was illustrated by an increasing assimilation of mono-unsaturated fatty acids over 100 cm FL. Study of lipid and protein content in four tissues presenting different physiological function (white and red muscles, liver, gonads) showed these species make little energetic reserves, only in liver and red muscle. In addition, males invest less energy for germinal cells production than females. Furthermore, only the gonado-somatic index brought information concerning energetic variations, the others tested indices (Le Cren condition factor, hepato-somatic index, girth) were bad proxies of energetic content in tissues. Finally, study of membrane fatty acids indicates a specific incorporation of 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3 that varies with ontogeny. A great intra-specific variability was also observed and could suggest a specific physiological plasticity in these species
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Duncan, Michael Bennett. "The use of bioelectrical impedance analysis for estimating the body composition of various fish species." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31531.

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The reliable measurement of growth and condition is vital for effective fisheries assessments. Biologists have long attempted to estimate condition for their assessments, but a reliable method to nonlethally estimate body composition is lacking. Proximate analysis is the most dependable and accurate method for estimating internal composition, but it is lethal, time consuming, and expensive. Recent research has shown bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to be an effective method for estimating proximate composition in some fishes. The technique is quick, inexpensive, and, most importantly, nonlethal, which is vital when examining endangered species or cultured fish. My research focused on developing BIA indices for several new species of fish, using those indices to evaluate the body composition of fish in the field, and determining whether water temperature influenced resistance and reactance measurements. I found that BIA accurately estimated the body composition of bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, redear sunfish Lepomis microlophus, brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, and northern logperch Percina caprodes (r2 â ¥ 0.71, p < 0.0001). I also determined that bluegill and redear regressions were not significantly different (P â ¥ 0.10) suggesting they can be used interchangeably during future studies. Laboratory studies revealed that water temperature did not significantly influence resistance and reactance measurements of bluegill, redear, and largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (P â ¥ 0.18). These results, along with previous literature, indicate that BIA may be an accurate and reliable assessment tool for fisheries biologists.<br>Master of Science
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Pullela, Sharma V. S. "Aquaculture of Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) and a Comparison of its Quality: Microbiological, Sensory, and Proximate Composition." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36593.

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(Piaractus mesopotamicus) initially weighing 72.0 g were fed three diets - a) 0.5% vegetable (zucchini), b) commercial 32% (P32) and c) commercial 36% (P36) protein diets for 24 weeks and their growth performance compared. Processing yields and proximate composition were determined following dressing of pacu. The microbiological quality of pond cultured pacu was compared to aquacultured hybrid striped bass, tilapia, and rainbow trout grown in pond and recirculating aquaculture systems. Sensorial analyses for differences in flavor, preference, and color were also determined. Protein concentration significantly influenced the weights, lengths, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio (p < 0.05). Diet insignificantly influenced the processing yields (p > 0.05). The moisture, protein and total lipid contents were significantly affected (p < 0.05) by the dietary protein. The indicative bacterial quality differed significantly for pacu as well as the water used for culturing pacu (p < 0.05) among dietary treatments. Aquaculture production systems significantly influenced the indicative and pathogenic bacterial quality. Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 were not isolated from any of the sampled fish. The qualitative and quantitative results of Clostridium botulinum were influenced by the production system (p < 0.05). Flavor of pacu was comparable to that of hybrid striped bass, tilapia, and rainbow trout, but superior to catfish. Cooking significantly improved the color of the ground fish fillets.<br>Master of Science
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Cox, Marlin Keith. "Brook trout bioenergetics and the use of bioelectrical impedance analysis for proximate composition." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3396.

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Blanar, Christopher A. "Growth, proximate composition and physiology of Arctic charr exposed to toxaphene and Diphyllobothrium dendriticum." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31197.

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The Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) is a top predator in northern lakes and accumulates persistent lipophilic contaminants. Toxaphene, a major organochlorine contaminant in Arctic charr, is known to be acutely toxic to fish but the effects of dietary exposure have not been examined. Furthermore, lake-resident Arctic charr are frequently infected with larvae of the cestode, Diphyllobothrium dendriticum. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of toxaphene exposure on Arctic charr growth, nutritional quality, physiology, and susceptibility to infections of D. dendriticum. A preliminary experiment found no effect of toxaphene on charr visceral organ and fat weights, plasma Vitamin A and E and plasma cortisol, although dominance hierarchies within groups may have masked treatment effects. For the main experiment, hatchery-reared Arctic charr were subjected to one of four treatments: (i) a single oral dose of corn oil (control); (ii) a single oral dose of 10 mug/g wet weight toxaphene dissolved in corn oil; (iii) exposure to 15 larval D. dendriticum; and (iv) a combination of both. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Teles, Luana Duarte. "Avaliação da liberação de AGEs (Advanced Glycation End Products) e características sensorias em carne de frango e bovina em diferentes métodos de cocção." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2014. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4738.

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Submitted by Fabricia Fialho Reginato (fabriciar) on 2015-08-24T23:44:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LuanaTeles.pdf: 317432 bytes, checksum: 2fbd7369c410c0b3afac913a4136f4f0 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-24T23:44:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LuanaTeles.pdf: 317432 bytes, checksum: 2fbd7369c410c0b3afac913a4136f4f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-30<br>Nenhuma<br>As práticas alimentares têm sido objeto de estudo das Ciências da Saúde, principalmente, evidenciando a relação entre a dieta e algumas doenças crônicas. Dessa forma, é importante a identificação de formas alternativas de preparo e cocção, as quais devem manter a qualidade nutricional e as características sensoriais dos alimentos. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes métodos de cocção que utilizam alta temperatura, maior que 100 oC (assar e grelhar) e um método que utiliza baixa temperatura (menor que 100 oC), o método sous vide, sobre a liberação de produtos finais de glicação avançada das proteínas (Advanced Glycated End-Products – AGEs) durante o processo de cozimento de peito de frango e filé de gado. Além disso, foi avaliada a composição proximal (proteína, lipídios, cinzas e carboidratos e minerais), bem como, sua aceitação sensorial. A quantidade de AGEs formados e de proteína solúvel foi analisada nos cortes crus, assados em 9 e 21 minutos, grelhados em 3 e 15 minutos e sous-vide em 30 e 42 minutos, através da técnica de ELISA, utilizando um anticorpo monoclonal anti-AGE e o método de Bradford, respectivamente. A composição proximal e de minerais foi determinada no filé e peito crus, grelhados (em 3 e 9 minutos) e sous-vide (30 e 36 minutos). A análise sensorial de aceitação avaliou os atributos aparência, textura, sabor e qualidade global nos cortes assados (15 min), grelhados (9 min), sous-vide (36 min) e sous-vide (36 min) maçaricado. O índice de aceitabilidade sensorial também foi calculado. O corte de peito de frango apresentou aumento da quantidade de AGEs quando submetido aos diferentes métodos de cocção avaliados com o aumento do tempo de cozimento. O método assar promoveu a maior formação de AGEs no peito de frango ao longo do tempo. Esses comportamentos não foram encontrados no filé bovino e na comparação entre ambos os cortes crus e cozidos. O teor de proteína solúvel no filé de gado e no peito de frango crus foi maior do que nos cozidos e sua quantidade diminuiu com o passar do tempo de cocção no filé assado e no peito grelhado. Observou-se a diminuição do teor de umidade e o aumento do nível dos macronutrientes e minerais quando os cortes foram submetidos à cocção e com o passar do tempo de cozimento. Na análise sensorial, o filé bovino e o peito de frango grelhados apresentaram a maior aceitação e índice de aceitabilidade, seguido pelo sous-vide maçaricado, ao passo que o sous-vide obteve a menor aceitação de modo geral.<br>Feeding practices have been studied by Health Sciences, mainly showing the relationship between diet and some chronic diseases. Thus, it is important to identify alternative ways of preparing and cooking, which shall maintain food nutritional quality and sensory characteristics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different cooking methods that use high temperature greater than 100 oC (bake and broil) and a method that uses low-temperature (less than 100 oC), sous vide, on the release Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) in the chicken breast and filet mignon. In addition, the proximate composition (protein, lipid, ash and carbohydrate and minerals) were evaluated as well as their sensory acceptability. The amount of AGEs formed and soluble protein was analyzed in raw cuts, baked in 9 and 21 minutes, grilled in 3 and 15 minutes and sous-vide in 30 and 42 minutes by ELISA using the anti-AGE monoclonal antibody specific and Bradford method, respectively. The proximate and mineral composition was determined in raw breast and fillet, grilled (3 and 9 minutes) and sous-vide (30 and 36 minutes). The sensory analysis assessed appearance, texture, flavor and overall quality attributes in baked (15 min), grilled (9 min), sous-vide (36 min) and sous-vide (36 min) burned cuts. The sensory acceptability index was also calculated. Chicken breast showed increased amount of AGEs when subjected to different cooking methods evaluated with increased cooking time. The baking method promoted the AGEs highest formation in breast over time. These behaviors were not found in filet and in the comparison between raw and cooked cuts. The raw filet and breast soluble protein content was higher than in boiled and decreased with the time cooking in roast filet and grilled breast. Decline in moisture and increasing in macronutrients and minerals levels was observed when cuts were cooking and over cooking time. In sensory analysis, grilled filet and breast had the highest acceptance and acceptability index, followed by sous-vide burned, while sous-vide got lower acceptance in general.
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Andersson, Annica. "Characterisation of barley and barley fractions, with emphasis on dietary fibre and starch /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5748-3.pdf.

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Kuktaitė, Ramunė. "Protein quality in wheat : changes in protein polymer composition during grain development and dough processing /." Alnarp : Dept. of Crop Science, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/a499.pdf.

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Copeland, Timothy. "An Evaluation of Relative Weight as an Indicator of Body Composition and Nutritional Status in Wild Fish." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29993.

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Condition indices are widely used to generate biological insight. However, purported relationships to indices are imprecise or inconsistent in the wild. I investigated factors influencing relative weight (Wr), a condition index commonly applied to fish. I first examined the relationship of Wr to physiology in two bluegill Lepomis macrochirus populations over a year. I regressed tissue composition (percentages of lipid, protein and water) and organ indices (liver-, gonad-, and viscerosomatic indices) on Wr. The regression model had little explanatory power (adjusted R2 = 0.14). Lipid was most influential (partial R2 = 0.11), but correlation strength fluctuated by season and population. To test the generality of these results, I performed a similar regression on a bluegill population with higher average Wr. Again, variables were not well correlated to Wr (adjusted R2 = 0.13). Combining comparable data sets increased Wr range 64% but explanatory power was low (adjusted R2 = 0.41) Both studies showed that expected correlations of physiological variables to Wr can be confounded in natural environments. To examine differences between natural and laboratory environments, I manipulated initial Wr and ration of juvenile bluegills. Although organ indices and tissue composition of all groups changed in time ((Wilksâ Î > 0.387, P > 0.03), no temporal pattern matched to Wr. At termination, all variables showed high correlations to Wr (r2 > 0.64). Correlation strength increased with time in the laboratory. Both ration and environment influenced correlations. Lastly, I examined differences in interpretation of Wr for chain pickerels Esox niger, largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, and black crappies Pomoxis nigromaculatus. Regression models were compared to concurrent bluegill models. Piscivore models fit well (adjusted R2 > 0.50), whereas bluegill models had the lowest explanatory power (adjusted R2 = 0.13 and 0.14). Ecological specialization affected correlations to Wr. Theoretically, condition index values are determined by resource acquisition versus expenditure. Exact physiological expression is determined by life history and performance. Condition indices are imprecise predictors but track net somatic investment with great generality. Ancillary data, such as growth or length-at-maturity, may clarify interpretation. Condition indices should be used as qualitative monitoring tools, not omnibus physiological predictors.<br>Ph. D.
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Magalhƒaes, Alexandra Mesquita. "Factors affecting proximate composition of prey species important to marine vertebrate predators in the northwestern Atlantic." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0004/MQ42410.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Proximate compositions"

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A, Atchley Alan, ed. CRC handbook of proximate analysis tables of higher plants. CRC Press, 1986.

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Fafchamps, Marcel. Child labor, urban proximity and household composition. IZA, 2006.

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A, Gooch Janet, and United States. National Marine Fisheries Service., eds. Proximate and fatty acid composition of 40 southeastern U.S. finfish species. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, 1987.

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Gooch, Janet A. Proximate chemical composition and fatty acid contents of 37 finfish species of the southeastern United States. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Center, Charleston Laboratory, 1989.

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Judith, Krzynowek, ed. Proximate composition and fatty acid and cholesterol content of 22 species of Northwest Atlantic finfish. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 1989.

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Krzynowek, Judith. Proximate composition, energy, fatty acid, sodium, and cholesterol content of finfish, shellfish, and their products. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, 1987.

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Wheeler, R. M. Proximate composition of seed and biomass from soybean plants grown at different carbon dioxide (CO) concentrations. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John F. Kennedy Space Center, 1990.

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B, Hale Malcolm, Galloway Sylvia B, and Southeast Fisheries Center (U.S.). Charleston Laboratory, eds. Proximate chemical composition and fatty acid contents of 37 finfish species of the southeastern United States: Janet A. Gooch, Malcolm B. Hale, Sylvia B. Galloway. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Center, Charleston Laboratory, 1989.

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Pessaran, Alireza. Compositional variation in Sudbury ores and proximity of footwall copper-age ore bodies. National Library of Canada, 1993.

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Kailis, Stan, and Harris David. Producing table olives. Land Links, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Proximate compositions"

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Thangaraj, Parimelazhagan. "Proximate Composition Analysis." In Progress in Drug Research. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26811-8_5.

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Aurand, Leonard W., A. Edwin Woods, and Marion R. Wells. "Sampling and Proximate Analysis." In Food Composition and Analysis. Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7398-6_2.

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Lukaski, Henry C. "Comparison of Proximal and Distal Placements of Electrodes to Assess Human Body Composition by Bioelectrical Impedance." In Human Body Composition. Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1268-8_7.

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Hermosilla, Txomin, Saverio Francini, Andréa P. Nicolau, et al. "Clouds and Image Compositing." In Cloud-Based Remote Sensing with Google Earth Engine. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26588-4_15.

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AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to provide necessary context and demonstrate different approaches for image composite generation when using data quality flags, using an initial example of removing cloud cover. We will examine different filtering options, demonstrate an approach for cloud masking, and provide additional opportunities for image composite development. Pixel selection for composite development can exclude unwanted pixels—such as those impacted by cloud, shadow, and smoke or haze—and can also preferentially select pixels based upon proximity to a target date or a preferred sensor type.
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Tang, Yu, and Yangnan Gu. "Unraveling Plant Nuclear Envelope Composition Using Proximity Labeling Proteomics." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer US, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-4228-3_9.

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Thomas, Melissa, and Patrick Legembre. "Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA) to Evaluate DISC and MISC Composition." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6780-3_5.

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Lohse, Mareike, Siqi Sun, Maksims Fiosins, et al. "Investigating the Molecular Composition of Neuronal Subcompartments Using Proximity Labeling." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer US, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-4446-1_7.

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Encina-Zelada, Christian, Vasco Cadavez, Jorge Pereda, et al. "Estimation of Proximate Composition of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa, Willd.) Flour by Near-Infrared Transmission Spectroscopy." In INCREaSE. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70272-8_18.

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Jan, Kousar, Imtiaz Ahmed, Nazir Ahmad Dar, and Ishtiyaq Ahmad. "Understanding the Seasonal Proximate Composition of Himalayan Snow Trout (Schizothorax labiatus) for Ensuring Food Security." In Food Security, Nutrition and Sustainability Through Aquaculture Technologies. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-75830-0_17.

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De Marsico, Maria, Andrea Sterbini, and Marco Temperini. "Assessing Group Composition in e-learning According to Vygotskij’s Zone of Proximal Development." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07440-5_26.

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Conference papers on the topic "Proximate compositions"

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Zhou, Yiming, and Wei Dai. "A Proximal Algorithm for Optimizing Compositions of Quadratic Plus Nonconvex Nonsmooth Functions." In 2024 32nd European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/eusipco63174.2024.10715202.

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Peter, Olajide Olasunkanmi, Oludipe Emmanuel Oluleke, Afolabi Yemisi Tokunbo, Durojaiye Kikelomo Abake, Bankole Oladotun Mueez, and Alabi Olayinka Olubunmi. "Analysis of the Proximate Composition and Phytochemical Profile of Ludwigia octovalvis as an Alternative Feed Source." In 2024 International Conference on Science, Engineering and Business for Driving Sustainable Development Goals (SEB4SDG). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/seb4sdg60871.2024.10630429.

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Friedmann, Ludwig, Phillip Ohmer, and Manfred Hajek. "Real-Time Simulation of Rotorcraft Downwash in Proximity of Complex Obstacles using Grid-Based Approaches." In Vertical Flight Society 70th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0070-2014-9569.

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This paper describes the development and verification of a model for real-time simulation of rotorcraft downwash. Downwash gains importance in rotorcraft flight close to terrain and obstacles where strong aerodynamic forces may act on nearby persons and objects. In areas of loose soil composition, it may further entrain dust or snow and cause dense clouds degrading the pilot's vision (Brownout/Whiteout). Taking into account these effects in training simulation is necessary to prepare pilots and crews for critical situations. The developed methods open up the possibility to capture complex boundary conditions and to calculate rotorcraft- and flight-state specific flow fields underneath rotorcraft at low-level flight. In contrast to existing approaches, recognition of boundary conditions is performed at simulation run-time using ray-tracing algorithms. Thus, the model's grid-based flow field calculation is able to incorporate arbitrary dynamic obstacles and their effect on the downwash. Output of the model can be used for high-fidelity Brownout/Whiteout simulation and for the determination of fluid forces acting on personnel and objects.
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Jackson, Tracey, Kung-Po Chao, and Ya Liu. "Detection of H2S in Oilfield Chemicals." In CONFERENCE 2024. AMPP, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2024-21181.

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Abstract For several years chemical vendors and oilfield operators have measured H2S presumably generated in situ in oilfield products, specifically corrosion inhibitors and combination scale and corrosion inhibitors. Sometimes when handling oilfield chemicals, a personal H2S monitor will be triggered with the assumption that this response is from H2S. Since the alert is triggered in close proximity to some oilfield chemicals or even while opening the chemical container, the logical conclusion is that the product contains H2S; however, these monitors are likely detecting vapor phase water-soluble, small chain sulfur species like 2-mercapoethanol (2ME) or thioglycolic acid (TGA). Analytical methods used to measure H2S to investigate these phenomena typically use gas chromatography (GC) with high inlet temperatures to evaluate the composition of the product headspace. These high temperatures cause thermal decomposition of water-soluble organosulfur intermediates (OSIs) which can result in a H2S response. The authors have studied several such phenomena associated with oilfield products and have developed methods to investigate these phenomena to determine the cause of H2S alerts. The goal is to allow operators and chemical vendors to make informed health and safety decisions about detection devices as well as chemical products selected for oilfield service. This paper describes the methods needed to determine the true H2S content of an oilfield chemical product as well as the impact of product composition changes on personal monitor false alarms.
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Armanu, Emanuel Gheorghita, Marius Sebastian Secula, Nicanor Cimpoesu, Hermann J. Heipieper, and Irina Volf. "A BIOBASED NANO/MICRO-STRUCTURED MATERIAL FOR MICROORGANISMS� IMMOBILIZATION." In SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 24. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/6.1/s24.01.

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Microbial immobilization is a promising strategy for various applications, including environmental remediation and bioprocess engineering. However, the efficacy of immobilization largely depends on the characteristics of the carriers. Biomass wastes are renewable and abundant resources that can be subjected to hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) for hydrochar production, a resulting carbonaceous material with a porous structure. This porous architecture offers extensive surface area and facilitates the colonization and growth of microorganisms, working as a protective buffer zone in highly polluted environments. This study points out the development of a novel biobased nano/micro-structured material for microorganism immobilization, integrating locally available feedstock for thermochemical conversion processes. To tailor a bio-based porous material suitable for bacterial immobilization, the biomass waste was processed through HTC. The influence of main HTC parameters on biomass conversion was established. Chemical, structural, and thermochemical analyses, encompassing proximate and ultimate analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Chemical Composition Analyzer (EDS) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), were conducted on both the feedstock and resulting hydrochar. SEM analyses revealed the nano/micro-structured morphology of the hydrochar, characterized by a wide distribution of pores ranging from nano to micrometer scale. A bacterial strain of Pseudomonas sp. was immobilized on hydrochar in order to evaluate the bacterial cell proliferation, their capacity and rate of forming stable colonies on the support material. The hydrochar obtained from locally biomass feedstocks represents an eco-friendly and sustainable biobased nano/micro-structured material, with promising applications in bioremediation and bioprocess engineering, thereby advancing green technologies and circular bioeconomy initiatives.
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Larché, Nicolas, Etienne Leroy, Jean Vittonato, Eric Agel, and François Castillon. "Study of Cathodic Protection in Soils with the Use of Specific Coupons." In CORROSION 2016. NACE International, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2016-07228.

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Abstract Metallic coupons are generally used close to buried pipes under cathodic protection in order to evaluate potential and current demand at coating defects. The “ON/OFF” measurement technique (at interrupted current), is generally the preferred method. The “OFF” potential is supposed to give a realistic picture of the electrochemical potential of the coupon, excluding the effect of ohmic drops due to soil resistivity.This technique assumes that a metallic coupon is representative of a coating defect. However, considering the inhomogeneity of soils and their possible high resistivity, the coupon design and the measurement techniques must be carefully studied and understood to get reliable results. For this purpose, specific on-shore coupons have been designed, allowing adapted measurement at direct proximity of the virtual coating defect. These coupons are used in field soil for cathodic protection survey of buried pipes. However, the response depends on many parameters which are difficult to measure and control in the field (actual soil composition, humidity, soil compaction at coupon location, ageing of the coupon, etc.). In former programs, soil exposure cells have been developed and used at the Institut de la Corrosion to study soil corrosion of different materials. These cells allow controlling physicochemical parameters of the tested soils which potentially affect corrosion of materials (texture, humidity, salt composition, pH, etc.), and results were in very good line with field results. In the present study, these cells were adapted to study and characterize cathodic protection on the specific on-shore coupons. The main objective of the study was to better understand the polarization (polarization curves) of the used coupons as a function of soil nature and humidity. This paper presents the experimental technique that was developed to get exploitable polarization curves of carbon steel coupons in soils. It provides the polarization curves at different levels of humidity for two different types of soil. A rather good reproducibility was found which allowed studying the influence of significant parameters affecting cathodic protection in soils.
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Shariff, Amir Husni Mohd, Norul Aqidah Shapiai, Mona Zakaria, et al. "Proximate compositions of Ipomea aquatic Forsk. (leaf, petiole and stem) from Lubok Bungor, Jeli, Kelantan." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOSCIENCES AND MEDICAL ENGINEERING (ICBME2019): Towards innovative research and cross-disciplinary collaborations. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5125564.

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Nege, A. S., and E. T. Akange. "Amino Acid and Proximate Compositions of Cultured and Wild Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758) from Makurdi-Nigeria." In 2nd International Conference Postgraduate School. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007547105670570.

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Raihan, Mohammad Karamchand, Ahmad Alhomodi, Mark Berhow, William Gibbons, and Bishnu Karki. "Effects of Fungal Fermentation on Cellulase Activity Along with the Solubility and Protein Yield on Different Economically Important Substrates." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/kpco6765.

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Plant-based agricultural residues are readily available. However, due to the presence of several undesirable plant components such as high starch content, low protein yield, phytic acid, saponins, phenolics, etc., these feedstocks need to be processed prior to their end use1. Fermentation technology has been successful in bringing some of these feedstocks to the animal feed and human food markets by improving the nutritional composition through microbial metabolic activity2. Submerged state fermentation (SMF) is an effective way of controlling fermentation parameters (pH, temperature, agitation, etc.) to achieve high product yield and improve the quality 1,2. In this study, our goal is to use fungal fermentation to enhance the proximate composition of three different feedstocks [dry pea protein (DPP), dehulled yellow pea (DHP), and distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS)]. Filamentous fungi have shown varied responses with regards to cellulase production depending upon the substrate composition, leading to a change in the structural and chemical composition of the substrate3. Hence, estimation of cellulases production during submerged fermentation of different feedstocks would generate the knowledge that can be implemented to optimize the fermentation process needed for upgrading the nutritional, and economic value of the agricultural commodities The specific objectives of this study were to: 1. Ferment three substrates using three generally recognized as safe (GRAS) microbes (Aureobasidium pullulans, Neurospora crassa and Trichoderma reesei) for 120 h under submerged conditions. 2. Determine and compare the proximate compositions of substrates with their unfermented counterparts. Estimate the microbial cellulase activities at 120 h of fermentation.
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Abdullah, Noriham, Ariffaizuddin Rosselan, and Noorlaila Ahmad. "Effects of the Addition of Okara Flour on the Proximate and Amino Acid Compositions of Beef Sausage." In International Conference on Food Quality, Safety and Security. The International Institute of Knowledge Management (TIIKM), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/foodqualss.2018.2104.

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Reports on the topic "Proximate compositions"

1

Ryther, J. H., T. A. DeBusk, and J. E. Peterson. Studies of marine macroalgae: saline desert water cultivation and effects of environmental stress on proximate composition. Final subcontract report. [Gracilaria tikvahiae; Ulva lactuca]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6456763.

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Grimaldi, Daniel, Oscar A. Mitnik, and Beatrice Aline Zimmermann. Infrastructures Imprint: Metro Proximity and Property Development Dynamics in São Paulo, Brazil. Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013183.

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How does the proximity to a metro station affect urban development in Latin America? While the literature assessing the causal impacts of transportation infrastructure has grown in recent years, only a few papers have focused on the effects of metro systems in the Latin America and the Caribbean region, and identifying the precise impacts of such investments is far from straightforward. We apply a Synthetic Difference-in-Differences (SDiD) approach to estimate the effects of the expansion of Line 5 of the São Paulo metro system in Brazil on land use and property features. Our results show positive impacts on constructed area, with a treatment effect that is half the magnitude of the average constructed area in untreated units in the pre-treatment period. Additionally, our findings indicate an increase in the number of properties around the stations, with a shift in property composition towards more commercial units. We also find a strong anticipation effect associated with the new metro infrastructure and dynamic impacts after the opening of the first metro station, with effects that increase over time.
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Lacerda Silva, P., G. R. Chalmers, A. M. M. Bustin, and R. M. Bustin. Gas geochemistry and the origins of H2S in the Montney Formation. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329794.

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The geology of the Montney Formation and the geochemistry of its produced fluids, including nonhydrocarbon gases such as hydrogen sulfide were investigated for both Alberta and BC play areas. Key parameters for understanding a complex petroleum system like the Montney play include changes in thickness, depth of burial, mass balance calculations, timing and magnitudes of paleotemperature exposure, as well as kerogen concentration and types to determine the distribution of hydrocarbon composition, H2S concentrations and CO2 concentrations. Results show that there is first-, second- and third- order variations in the maturation patterns that impact the hydrocarbon composition. Isomer ratio calculations for butane and propane, in combination with excess methane estimation from produced fluids, are powerful tools to highlight effects of migration in the hydrocarbon distribution. The present-day distribution of hydrocarbons is a result of fluid mixing between hydrocarbons generated in-situ with shorter-chained hydrocarbons (i.e., methane) migrated from deeper, more mature areas proximal to the deformation front, along structural elements like the Fort St. John Graben, as well as through areas of lithology with higher permeability. The BC Montney play appears to have hydrocarbon composition that reflects a larger contribution from in-situ generation, while the Montney play in Alberta has a higher proportion of its hydrocarbon volumes from migrated hydrocarbons. Hydrogen sulphide is observed to be laterally discontinuous and found in discrete zones or pockets. The locations of higher concentrations of hydrogen sulphide do not align with the sulphate-rich facies of the Charlie Lake Formation but can be seen to underlie areas of higher sulphate ion concentrations in the formation water. There is some alignment between CO2 and H2S, particularly south of Dawson Creek; however, the cross-plot of CO2 and H2S illustrates some deviation away from any correlation and there must be other processes at play (i.e., decomposition of kerogen or carbonate dissolution). The sources of sulphur in the produced H2S were investigated through isotopic analyses coupled with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and mineralogy by X-ray diffraction. The Montney Formation in BC can contain small discrete amounts of sulphur in the form of anhydrite as shown by XRD and SEM-EDX results. Sulphur isotopic analyses indicate that the most likely source of sulphur is from Triassic rocks, in particular, the Charlie Lake Formation, due to its close proximity, its high concentration of anhydrite (18-42%), and the evidence that dissolved sulphate ions migrated within the groundwater in fractures and transported anhydrite into the Halfway Formation and into the Montney Formation. The isotopic signature shows the sulphur isotopic ratio of the anhydrite in the Montney Formation is in the same range as the sulphur within the H2S gas and is a lighter ratio than what is found in Devonian anhydrite and H2S gas. This integrated study contributes to a better understanding of the hydrocarbon system for enhancing the efficiency of and optimizing the planning of drilling and production operations. Operators in BC should include mapping of the Charlie Lake evaporites and structural elements, three-dimensional seismic and sulphate ion concentrations in the connate water, when planning wells, in order to reduce the risk of encountering unexpected souring.
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Pandori, Lauren, Lauren Strope, and Linh Cat. Rocky intertidal community shift over 30 years: 1990–2020 rocky intertidal long term trend report. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2297397.

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Cabrillo National Monument (CABR) is a unit of the National Park System located on the Point Loma peninsula in San Diego, CA, USA. Despite its small size (0.65 terrestrial km2), the monument attracts 851,000 annual visitors (IRMA SRSS Reports 2011-2020), and acts as an “urban island”, providing habitat for unique algal, plant and animal species in an area of increasing development and urbanization. The coastal area of the park also leads to the rocky intertidal zone, which is regarded by many as the best conserved shorelines in mainland southern California. Due to the high-quality habitat and proximity to an urban area, it is critical to monitor community composition and visitor use of the rocky intertidal area. We leveraged over 30 years of long-term monitoring data of both rocky intertidal communities and visitation to investigate: (1) whether visitation has increased over time, (2) if community composition has changed over time across intertidal management zones. We found that visitation to management Zone I has increased over time. Additionally, we found that visitation doesn’t scale linearly across management zones: 73% of people were observed in Zone I, 19% of people in Zone II, and 4% of people in Zone III. PERMANOVA analyses indicated that community composition differed over time and across management zones for all plot types. Documenting community shifts, rather than changes in populations of single species, allows NPS staff to capture, and respond to, ecological transformation. Using the Resist-Accept-Direct (RAD) framework, we recommend that CABR either accept or direct changes to the rocky intertidal (e.g., directing changes in higher visitation areas by implementing a timed entry or shuttle system, and accepting changes in closed or very low visitation areas). Looking forward, long-term rocky intertidal monitoring will inform the effectiveness of resisting, accepting, or directing actions the park takes to uphold the NPS mission at CABR and other NPS units with rocky intertidal habitat, which span the Pacific coast.
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5

Orazem and Carson. L51735 Time-Dependent Polarization Behavior as a Function of Soil Type. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010421.

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Cathodic protection requirements for buried structures have traditionally been predicted by use of anode resistance equations which take into account the influence of anode geometry on the current distribution at the anode and the influence of soil resistivity on the driving force required to pass current to the structure to be protected. The conventional anode resistance formulas used for CP design were developed for bare pipes protected by remote anodes. Under these conditions, the current density at the anode is so much larger than that on the pipe that the current and potential distribution around the pipe can be ignored in resistance calculations. The current and potential distribution on the pipeline must, however, be considered for coated pipes with coating holidays or when anodes are placed in close proximity to the pipe. The objectives of this work were: 1. to develop and apply new experimental techniques for identifying the time-dependent polarization behavior of pipeline grade steel as a function of the ionic composition of typical soil leachate and to develop and apply methods to interpret the results in terms of fundamental physical processes; 2. to measure the time-dependent polarization of FBE-coated coupons with and without machined coating holidays that expose bare steel; and 3. to establish an approach for predicting the polarization behavior of coated coupons with coating holidays that expose bare steel. by comparing the predictions for the polarization of coupons with holidays with experimental values.
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6

Beckett-Brown, C. E., A. M. McDonald, and M. B. McClenaghan. Discovering a porphyry deposit using tourmaline: a case study from Yukon. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331349.

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As the exploration for porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposits has become increasingly challenging, the development of more effective techniques directed at detecting buried deposits has become critical. One methodology is to focus on key minerals, one of which is tourmaline, a robust, ubiquitous mineral in most mineralized porphyry systems. Overall, a combination of physical and chemical characteristics including 1) macro-color, 2) morphology, 3) inclusion populations, and 4) trace-element compositions are useful in discriminating between porphyry- versus non-porphyry-derived (or related) tourmaline in surficial sediments (Beckett-Brown 2022). These features are applied to tourmaline obtained from stream sediment samples (n = 22) from 16 streams derived from the unglaciated terrain proximal to the Casino calc-alkaline porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit (Yukon Territory, Canada). The obtained tourmaline occurs as two distinct morphologies: 1) individual blocky to prismatic sub- to euhedral grains (Type 1), 2) aggregates of radiating prismatic to acicular sub- to euhedral grains (Type 2). Type 1 grains display trace-element contents that reflect mixed origins including a mineralized porphyry origin as well metamorphic and pegmatitic (background) environments. Type 2 grains almost exclusively exhibit porphyry-derived trace-element chemistries (i.e., high Sr/Pb ~150 avg. and relatively low Zn/Cu ~2.5 avg. values). In Canadian Creek, that directly drains from the Casino deposit, samples closest to the deposit contain &amp;amp;gt;70% porphyry-derived tourmaline, while other streams in the region from unprospective drainage basins contain no porphyry-derived tourmaline. At the most distal sample site in Canadian Creek, ~20 km downstream from Casino, nearly 30% of the recovered tourmaline in the stream sediments is porphyry-related. This method has potential to be a strong indicator of prospectivity and applicable for exploration for porphyry Cu-Au-Mo systems in both unglaciated and glaciated terrains.
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Johnson, Sarah, Michael Sinclair, Emily Leonard, and Forrest Rosenbower. Development of strategies for monitoring and managing sandscape vegetation, with an assessment of declining vegetation in the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293187.

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Coastal dune habitats such as those of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore (APIS) are regionally rare habitats of global and state-wide concern. Their dynamic, sandy landforms provide habitat for unique species specifically adapted to frequent disturbance, drought, and other stresses. Despite having disturbance-driven life histories, these species are at risk due to increased visitor use of sandscape habitats and environmental change. Resource managers at APIS have long understood the values of these sandscapes and threats presented by recreational trampling, but more recently they have recognized the precarious position that these coastal habitats are in due to their proximity to the lake and exposure to weather-related phenomena linked with long-term climate change. In recognition of emerging threats and the need to track impacts of these threats, park managers initiated a revision of their methods for monitoring sandscape vegetation. We applied these methods to 15 sandscape locations within the national lakeshore in 2014. Here, we outline what these revisions to the methods were, assess the current status of sandscape structure and composition, assess the utility of data collected with these methods, provide suggestions for further revisions of the sampling method, outline a two-tiered sampling approach for future monitoring, and we provide management recommendations. In a second section of the report, we provide a focused assessment of the size and health of Juniperus communis (common juniper), a target species of concern in these sandscape communities after it was observed by park managers to be dying or stressed on Michigan Island. Our assessments include the status of J. communis across all sandscapes monitored in 2014, and an analysis of change over time since 2012 in the health of J. communis on Michigan, Outer, and Stockton Islands. We provide evidence of impacts by rodents on foliar dieback, primarily on Michigan Island, and we discuss possible interactions with the non-native pale juniper web-worm (Aethes rutilana) and with climate change.
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Johnson, Sarah, Michael Sinclair, Emily Leonard, and Forrest Rosenbower. Development of strategies for monitoring and managing sandscape vegetation, with an assessment of declining vegetation in the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293187.

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Coastal dune habitats such as those of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore (APIS) are regionally rare habitats of global and state-wide concern. Their dynamic, sandy landforms provide habitat for unique species specifically adapted to frequent disturbance, drought, and other stresses. Despite having disturbance-driven life histories, these species are at risk due to increased visitor use of sandscape habitats and environmental change. Resource managers at APIS have long understood the values of these sandscapes and threats presented by recreational trampling, but more recently they have recognized the precarious position that these coastal habitats are in due to their proximity to the lake and exposure to weather-related phenomena linked with long-term climate change. In recognition of emerging threats and the need to track impacts of these threats, park managers initiated a revision of their methods for monitoring sandscape vegetation. We applied these methods to 15 sandscape locations within the national lakeshore in 2014. Here, we outline what these revisions to the methods were, assess the current status of sandscape structure and composition, assess the utility of data collected with these methods, provide suggestions for further revisions of the sampling method, outline a two-tiered sampling approach for future monitoring, and we provide management recommendations. In a second section of the report, we provide a focused assessment of the size and health of Juniperus communis (common juniper), a target species of concern in these sandscape communities after it was observed by park managers to be dying or stressed on Michigan Island. Our assessments include the status of J. communis across all sandscapes monitored in 2014, and an analysis of change over time since 2012 in the health of J. communis on Michigan, Outer, and Stockton Islands. We provide evidence of impacts by rodents on foliar dieback, primarily on Michigan Island, and we discuss possible interactions with the non-native pale juniper web-worm (Aethes rutilana) and with climate change.
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9

Shriver, Greg, and Leah Rudge. Grassland bird and raptor inventory of Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, 2022. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2304340.

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Harpers Ferry National Historical Park (NHP) includes grassland habitats that are maintained for the interpretation of historic Civil War battles. In 2022, as part of the National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring program, the University of Delaware conducted a grassland bird and raptor inventory in the park. The goals of this inventory were to determine the grassland bird use of Harpers Ferry grasslands during Spring and Fall migration, estimate the abundance and daily nest survival for focal breeding species, and determine the raptor use during migration. We established and used multiple avian sampling techniques to address these goals including distance sampling using line transects, mist-netting to capture passerine birds, point counts, hawk watching, and nest searching and monitoring. We conducted this inventory during the annual cycle starting in March 2022 and completed the sampling in October 2022. During the course of this effort, we detected 111 species using the Harpers Ferry grasslands at some time during the year. We found that the park is supporting migrating and breeding grassland birds and that the avian species composition changes over the course of the annual cycle. During migration, we detected focal grassland bird species including Bobolink, Savannah Sparrow, Grasshopper Sparrow, and Eastern Meadowlark. During the breeding season, we located and monitored Eastern Meadowlark and Grasshopper Sparrow nests with adequate sample sizes to estimate daily nest survival. We found that Eastern Meadowlark daily nest survival was relatively high (99%) and was influenced by the proximity of the nest to a forested edge. We recommend the park focus on Eastern Meadowlark and Grasshopper Sparrows as these two species used the park during both Spring and Fall migrations and successfully fledged young during the breeding season. The park could attempt to maintain or enhance Eastern Meadowlark and Grasshopper Sparrow use of the park during all stages of the annual cycle but especially during the breeding season. This could be achieved by continuing to keep the existing breeding areas intact through delayed mowing (no mowing from 15 May ? 15 July), removing tree lines and woody or non-native vegetation to increase the perceived openness and grassland patch size, and continuing to monitor the effects of any management actions that may influence grassland bird use of Harpers Ferry NHP. Grassland birds are a national conservation priority so any sites that have the capacity to maintain or enhance these declining habitat specialists should do so. Grassland birds provide an opportunity to integrate cultural and natural resources as these birds were most certainly present prior to, during, and after the Civil War Battles that Harpers Ferry was established to commemorate.
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Boily-Auclair, É., P. Mercier-Langevin, P. S. Ross, and D. Pitre. Alteration and ore assemblages of the LaRonde Zone 5 (LZ5) deposit and Ellison mineralized zones, Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp, Abitibi, Quebec. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329637.

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The LaRonde Zone 5 (LZ5) mine is part of the Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp and is located in the southern part of the Abitibi greenstone belt in northwestern Quebec. The LZ5 deposit consists of three stacked mineralized corridors: Zone 4, Zone 4.1, and Zone 5. Zones 4 and 4.1 are discontinuous satellite mineralized corridors, whereas Zone 5 represents the main mineralized body. The mineralized zones of the LZ5 deposit and adjacent Ellison property (Ellison A and B zones) are hosted in the strongly-deformed, 2699-2695 Ma transitional to calcalkaline, intermediate to felsic, volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Bousquet Formation upper member, which is part of the Blake River Group (2704-2695 Ma). Zones 4, 4.1, and 5 at the LZ5 mine are hosted in intermediate volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Westwood andesitic to rhyodacitic unit (unit 5.1a), which forms the base of the upper member of the Bousquet Formation. The Ellison Zone A is hosted higher up in the stratigraphic sequence within a newly described intermediate volcanic unit. The Ellison Zone B is hosted in felsic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Westwood feldsparphyric rhyolite dome (subunit 5.3a-(b)). Mineralization in all three zones of the LZ5 deposit consists of discordant networks of millimeter- to centimeter-thick pyrite ±chalcopyrite ±sphalerite ±pyrrhotite veins and veinlets (10-20 % of the volume of the rock) and, to a lesser extent, very finely disseminated pyrite and boudinaged veins (less than or equal to 5 vol. % each) in strongly altered host rocks. Gold commonly occurs as microscopic inclusions in granoblastic pyrite and at the triple junction between recrystallized grains. The veins, stockworks, and disseminations were intensely folded and transposed in the steeply south-dipping, east-west trending S2 foliation. The vein network is at least partly discordant to the stratigraphy. A distal alteration halo envelops the LZ5 mineralized corridors and consists of a sericite-carbonate-chlorite- feldspar ±biotite assemblage. A proximal sericite-carbonate-chlorite-pyrite-quartz- feldspar-biotite ±epidote alteration assemblage is present within the LZ5 mineralized zones. A local proximal alteration assemblage of sericite-quartz-pyrite is also locally developed within Zone 4 and Zone 5 of the LZ5 deposit. Mass gains in Fe2O3 (t) and K2O, and mass losses in CaO, MgO, Na2O, and locally SiO2, are characteristic of the LZ5 alteration zones. The Ellison zone A and B are similar to LZ5 in terms of style of mineralization, but thin (10-20 cm) veins or bands of semi-massive to massive, finely recrystallized disseminated pyrite (0.1-1 mm) are distinctive. Chalcopyrite and sphalerite are also slightly more abundant in the mineralized corridors of the Ellison property and are usually associated with elevated gold grades. The zones are also slightly richer than at LZ5 in terms of gold and silver content, but narrower and less continuous in general. The Ellison Zone A is characterized by gains in Fe2O3 (t) and K2O and losses in CaO, MgO, Na2O, and SiO2. Gains in Fe2O3 (t) and local gains in K2O, MgO, and MnO, and losses in CO2, Na2O, P2O5, and SiO2, characterize the felsic host rocks of the Zone B corridor. The style of mineralization at LZ5 (pyrite ±chalcopyrite veins and veinlets, ±disseminated pyrite with low base metal content), its setting (i.e. in rocks of intermediate composition at the base of the upper member of the Bousquet Formation), and the geometry of its ore zones (stacked lenses of sulfide veins and veinlets, without massive sulfide lenses) differ from the other major deposits of the Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp. Despite these differences, this study indicates that the LZ5 and Ellison mineralized corridors are of synvolcanic hydrothermal origin and have most likely been formed by convective circulation of seawater below the seafloor. An influx of magmatic fluids from the Mooshla synvolcanic intrusive complex or its parent magma chamber could explain the Au enrichment at LZ5, as has been suggested for other deposits of the camp. Evidence for a pre-deformation synvolcanic mineralization at LZ5 includes ductile deformation and recrystallization of the sulfides, the stacked nature of its ore zones, subconcordant alteration halos that envelop the mineralized corridors, evidence that the mineralized system was already active when the LZ5 lenses were deposited and control on mineralization by primary volcanic features such as the permeability and porosity of the volcanic rocks.
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