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1
Sami, R. A., M. Usman, R. O. Abdulmalik, H. Abubakar, and A. Ibrahim. "Proximate analysis of some Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha) Germplasm from Sokoto and Kebbi States." ADAN Journal of Agriculture 1, no. 1 (2020): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/adanja/0202.10.0150.
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Jatropha curcas (Linnaeus) belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae and is closely related to other important cultivated plants like rubber tree and castor. Nigeria being a tropical country has wide variations in climatic and soil conditions and therefore has a wide variety of oil crops such as Jatropha. But the paucity of information on the proximate composition and utilization of its seeds in Nigeria is a problem when it comes to the genetic improvement of the crop. Information about nature and extent of genetic variability present in the Jatropha germplasm and association of various proximate compositions is a pre-requisite in planning successful breeding programme. The objectives of the study were to determine the variation in the proximate composition of some Jatropha curcas L. genotype seeds, determine the correlation among the proximate compositions in the Jatropha and suggest the best genotypes in terms of the proximate composition. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory of Product Development Research Programme of the Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Data were collected on the proximate compositions of the seeds: moisture, ash, protein, lipid, fibre and carbohydrate content and analyzed. Phenotypic correlations were computed for all the proximate compositions. Rank summation index was generated to identify the best genotype in terms of the proximate compositions. Significant differences were observed for all proximate compositions studied except the lipid which showed highly significant variation for all the genotypes. Highly significant correlations were observed between protein and lipid content (r = 0.67). Sokoto3 and Kebbi10 ranked first and last with rank summation indices of 14 and 118 respectively. The results obtained indicated the presence of appreciable amount of variability within the genotypes to be exploited for improvement. Sokoto3 was found to be the best genotype in terms of the proximate composition.
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Victor, Echebiri Udochukwu, Christogonus Ifeanyichukwu Ugoh, Francis Chukwuemeka Eze,, Ifunanya Lydia Omeje, and Momoh Besiru. "Analytical Methods in Proximate Composition of Ten Commonly Used Seasonings in Nigeria." European Journal of Food Science and Technology 10, no. 2 (2022): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ejfst.2013/vol10n2pp2434.
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This paper examines the proximate composition of ten commonly used seasonings (named A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I and J) in Nigeria. The data for this study were collected from Eke-Awka market in Anambra State as a representative of Nigeria using the simple random sampling method. The techniques of Single-factor Analysis of Variance and Kruskal-Wallis Test (One-Way ANOVA on Ranks) were employed in this study; Proximate compositions across the seasonings were tested for constant variance and normality. The findings of this study showed that the proximate compositions across the seasonings lack evidence of equality in variance and also lacks normality. Furthermore, the results from the Kruskal-Wallis test, as an alternative nonparametric to Single-factor ANOVA, showed that there is statistically significant difference between the proximate compositions across the seasonings. The Dunn Kruskal-Wallis Multiple Comparison test showed an evidence of no significant difference in the mean percentage composition of the following pairs of the proximate compositions: Ash and Fat, Carbohydrate and Fat, Ash and Moisture, Carbohydrate and Moisture, and Moisture and Protein. Thus, this study shows that there is significant difference in the proximate compositions of seasonings in Nigeria.
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Michael, K. G., O. A. Sogbesan, L. U. Onyia, and S. M. Shallangwa. "Nutritional Evaluation of Processed Jatropha curcas Seed Meals." Direct Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science 7, no. 6 (2019): 131–36. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3242756.
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This research was aimed at evaluating the proximate composition, mineral, vitamins, fatty acids and level of anti-nutrients compositions of raw and processed <em>Jatropha curcas</em> seeds and examined the effect of processing on the parameters. From the proximate composition analysis, the protein, crude lipid, ash, crude fibre and nitrogen free extract content showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between the processed and unprocessed (raw) seed meals. Evaluation of the mineral composition showed that processing significantly affected the compositions. Vitamins compositions were significantly (p<0.05) improved due to soaked and fermented methods. Fatty acids compositions of the raw and processed were significantly different (p<0.05). Analyses of the anti-nutrient compositions showed that the processed <em>J. curcas</em> registered a significant reduction in compositions compared to the unprocessed seed meals. These results suggested that the consumption of <em>J. curcas</em> will go a long way in reducing the level of competition with <em>Glycine max</em> (soybean) in the feed industries.
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Erniati, Erniati, Yudho Andika, Imanullah Imanullah, et al. "Proximate Composition of Shell (Bivalves) in North Aceh District, Aceh Province Based on Differences in Species and Environmental Characteristics." International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology 3, no. 1 (2023): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.52088/ijesty.v3i1.424.
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Shellfish (bivalves) are potential biodiversity of waters with an important significant value used by the community as a food source of highly nutritious animal protein. Based on survey results, several coastal areas in North Aceh District have the potential for shellfish. Still, there have not been any scientific reports on this region's proximate composition of bivalves. This study aims to determine the relative arrangement of the dominant bivalves in the North Aceh District based on species differences and environmental characteristics. The results showed varying proximate bivalve proximate compositions of 4 chief types of shellfish in North Aceh waters. Bivalvia water ranged from 6.9-14.2%, ash ranged from 5.87-8.29%, protein ranged from 32.84-35.87%, fat ranged from 3.04-10.83%, and carbohydrate ranged from 38.11-42.71%. The highest protein and fat content were found in the Crassostrea sp1 type clams. In addition, the differences in the environmental characteristics of the shell sampling locations also resulted in different proximate compositions. The PCA test results showed that the critical variablarrangemente composition was ash and fat content. The environmental parameters, which were the key parameters of the relative arrangement of the shells were the substrate and pH.
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Omola Emmanuel Michael, Edoka, Friday Nathaniel, and Sa’eed, Mohammed Dayyab. "Proximate analysis of some selected fish feeds marketed within Kano metropolis, Nigeria." UMYU Scientifica 1, no. 1 (2022): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.56919/usci.1122.021.
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Fish feeds (Fish bolsters) are produced in form of flakes, pellets, or tablets designed to contain vegetables, proteins, cereals, vitamins, and minerals fundamental for ideal development and wellbeing of fishes. However, the scientific evaluation of the feeds compositions as claimed by most manufacturers is lacking in many parts within Nigeria. Proximate composition analyses were carried out in some selected fish feeds marketed within the Kano metropolis following the method of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. The result of the proximate investigation showed the following composition: 7.28-11.16% ash, 6.10-12.26% moisture, 11.13-14.29% lipid, 3.01-5.61 % fibre, 37.45-44.30% protein and 20.26-27.70% carbohydrate. There was no critical distinction (p>0.05) noticed among the values of all the proximate compositions of the fish feeds studied. However, a few values exceeded the permissible limit, whereas the majority fell within limits set by relevant regulatory agencies. Considering that most of the feeds were within the permissible limit of regulatory bodies, it could be deduced that the fish feeds are safe for fish consumption.
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Afieroho, O. E., J. I. AJuzie, and M. C. Afieroho. "Proximate composition and evaluation of some antioxidant properties of the fresh fruits of Harungana madagascariensis Lam. Ex Poir. (Hypericaceae)." Research Journal of Food Science and Nutrition 4, no. 6 (2019): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/rjfsn2019.064.
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This study reports the proximate composition and some antioxidant properties: free radical scavenging (FRS), total phenolics content (TPC) and total flavonoids content (TFC) of the under-utilized fresh fruits of Harungana madagascariensis, a plant widely used in folklore medicine. The proximate compositions were determined following the AOAC method. The antioxidant properties FRS, TPC and TFC were respectively evaluated in vitro using the standard diphenyl picryl hydrazine (DPPH), Folin ciocateau and Aluminium chloride spectrophotometric assays. The proximate compositions: water content (13.771 g/100g fresh fruit), dry matter (82.229 g/100g fresh fruit), ash (3.087 g/100g fresh fruit), crude fat (42.011 g/100g fresh fruit), crude protein (6.489 g/100g fresh fruit), crude fibre (0.396 g/100g fresh fruit), total carbohydrate (34.246 g/100g fresh fruit) and Energy value (541.036 Kcal/100 g fresh fruit) were obtained from the fruit of H. madagascariensis. For the antioxidant properties, a TPC (6.758 mg tannic acid equivalent per g fresh fruit), TFC (0.055 mg quercetin equivalent/g fresh fruit) and FRS (IC50 = 0.05 mg/mL) were obtained. This study is reporting for the first time the proximate composition of the fruits of H. madagascariensis a plant widely used in ethno-medicine in addition to its antioxidant potentials and recommends it as a good source of functional food.
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CV, Ilodibia. "Evaluation of Proximate and Mineral Compositions of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae)." Annals of Experimental and Molecular Biology 6, no. 1 (2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/aemb-16000130.
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Momordica charantia L. is a significant medicinal plant that is becoming more well-known in dietetics and modern medicine. Proximate and Mineral compositions on the leaf and stem of M. charantia were evaluated to determine its nutritional characteristics using standard techniques. Data obtained were analyzed using independent sample T-test with SPSS software version 21. Results showed that the parts contained all investigated nutrients but in varied quantities. The leaf had higher percentage of moisture (10.38±0.01 %), crude fiber (18.76±0.03 %) and carbohydrate (22.10±0.04 %), while the stem had higher dry matter (90.56±0.03 %), ash (23.45±0.01 %), ether extract (11.28±0.01 %) and crude protein (18.14±0. 03 %). In the mineral composition, the leaf contained higher composition of calcium (90.34±0. 09 mg/100g), sodium (87.64±0.06 mg/100g), magnesium (48.76±0.01 mg/100g) and iron (10.17±0.01 mg/100g), while the stem contained higher composition of potassium (115.80±0.01 mg/100g) and phosphorus (59.90±0.42 mg/100g). This research validated the plant's possible applications. Therefore, these portions could be employed as a natural food source and also extracted to make medications and food supplements, as well as to improve animal feed.
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Umar, I., and V. C. Emenyonu. "Assessing Impact of Gamma Irradiation on Proximate Composition of White Yam, Dioscorea Rotundata: Pepa Specie Farmed in Nasarawa State." Nigerian Journal of Environment and Health 2, no. 2019 (2019): 12–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14652337.
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Previous attempts by Nigeria to export yams have not yielded the desired objectives because the yams were rejected due to rot,before reaching their destination. On the basis of the foregoing attempt was made to evaluate the impact of gamma irradiationon the proximate composition of the local Pepa yam, variety of the white yam; Dioscerea Rotundata. This was to determine thepreservation ability of gamma radiation source and its durability. Pepa yam tubers were gathered from six Local GovernmentAreas (LGA) of Nasarawa State using the judgmental sampling method. The irradiation was carried out using Co- 60 source at theGamma Irradiation Facility of the Nigeria Atomic Energy Commission (NAEC), Abuja, F.C.T. The irradiation processing was doneat varying dose rates with the dose limits ranging from 30Gy, 60Gy, 80Gy, 120Gy, 150Gy, 180Gy, 230Gy and 300Gy. The sampleswere stored for 5 months at ambient temperature in a room with floor covered with sand. The proximate compositions of theirradiated samples were analyzed using the standard methods of the Association of the Official Analytical Chemistry and resultingdata processed with SPSS ANOVA using repeated measure t-test. This is to test for the measure of significance between values ofthe proximate composition immediately after irradiation (IAI) and five months after irradiation (A5M). Pearson Correlation wasalso performed to ascertain the relationships between the variables. Measured variables of the proximate compositions: crude ash,crude fat, crude protein, crude fibre, carbohydrate, revealed a statistically significant positive correlation p < 0.01 between the Pepa yam samples immediately after irradiation and 5 months later. This indicates that there is a relationship between the irradiation and the changes of the values of the proximate compositions and longevity in terms of the extended shelf-life of the Pepa yams. Keywords: Irradiation, Dormancy, Chemical residue, Degradation, Sprouting.
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Bala, I., F. U. Ahmad, A. K. Yerima, S. S. Said, and A. T. Ibrahim. "Nutritional Quality Evaluation of Stored Onion (Allium cepa L.) Powder in Transparent and Amber Coloured Jars." Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 29, no. 2 (2022): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njbas.v29i2.2.
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This study investigated the proximate compositions, microbial counts and total polyphenols content of onion powder stored at ambient temperature for six months in transparent and amber coloured jars. Standard methods of Association of Analytical Chemists (AOAC), American Public Health Association (APHA) were used to evaluate the proximate composition and microbial count of the powder while the Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to assess total polyphenols during and after storage. There were significant (p < 0.05) differences in the total polyphenol (TP) contents and proximate composition of onion powder stored in amber and transparent jars. Total polyphenol contents of the onion powder decreased from an initial value of 14.60±1.08 mg/g GAE to a final value of 5.92±0.76 mg/g GAE in the amber coloured jar after storage while a final value of 1.64± 0.78 (mg/g) GAE was evaluated after storage in the transparent jar. From proximate compositions, only crude protein, fibre and moisture contents increased during and after storage in both storage jars. There was more retention of proximate parameters in the content of amber storage jar during and after storage. Microbial colony counts in onion powder in the amber jars were fewer than in the transparent jars during and after storage. To minimize wastage of onion during glut season, onion should be made into powder form and better stored in amber coloured material for better retention of nutritional qualities prior to use at home or industry.
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Adam, Sheriff, Bukar Zanna Aisha, Modu Kagu Bintu, Mala Musa Hadiza, Gudusu Modu, and Mohammed Fulata Ali. "Comparative Proximate Analysis of Walnut Kernel (Tetracarpidium conophorum)." Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal 9, no. 5 (2022): 34–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13973690.
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This research investigates the proximate compositions of raw and cooked walnut kernel sample to achieve standard methods were adopted. The proximate compositions of both of the samples were carbohydrates, moisture, ash, crude fat, crude proteins and crude fibre for the raw sample were 77.06%, 4.12%, 2.27%, 5.53%, 4.88% and 6.14% while, for the cooked sample 76.91%, 6.41%, 2.20%, 3.67% 3.56% and 7.25% respectively. Protein contents were found to be (4.88%) and (3.56%) for the raw and cooked samples therefore, walnut could be considered as a good source of proteins, high protein foods are excellent addition to vegetarian.
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Muhammad, Ahmad, Daniel Danladi Musa, and Abdulaziz Bishir Kutawa. "Comparative Analysis of Proximate Composition of Rotten Banana (Musa sapientum) and Pineapple (Ananas comosus)." Sahel Journal of Life Sciences FUDMA 2, no. 1 (2024): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/sajols-2024-0201-016.
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This study was aimed at determining the proximate composition of rotten banana (Musa sapientum) and pineapple (Ananas comosus). Rotten banana (Musa sapientum) and pineapple(Ananas comosus were purchased from Kofar Yandaka Junction and Katsina State Transport Authority (KTSTA) roundabout and transported directly to the soil and water laboratory, Geography department of Umaru Musa Yar’adua University Katsina. The Proximate analysis was carried out using a standard protocol. The proximate compositions analyzed were moisture content, ash content, crude fat, crude protein, crude fiber, and carbohydrates. Results showed variation among the tested parameters with moisture contents ranging from 14.37%-25.99% in pineapple and banana, ash content 4.37%-4.39% in pineapple and banana, crude fat 24.96%-56.30% in banana and pineapple, crude fiber 0.83%-0.39% in pineapple and banana, crude protein 10.63%-19.38% in pineapple and banana and finally carbohydrates with a range of 13.50%-24.89% in pineapple and banana respectively. It showed there is no significant difference between the proximate compositions of the two fruit samples (P- value = 0.07345, Fcrit =4.387, F-Value =3.642, P ≤ 0.05). It was also concluded that the presence of high amounts of nutrients in the tested samples makes it a good candidate for energy and food supplements for both humans and animals as it is needed for cell growth and proliferation. Finally, it was recommended that further research should be conducted on both the fresh, rotten, and dried to explore the differences between them for optimum utilization of their nutritional compositions.
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Chikezie, Uchechukwu, and Nkeiruka Yvonne. "Phytochemical And Proximate Compositions of Tetracarpidium Conophorum [African Walnut] Seeds." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 7, no. 1 (2018): 967–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jbt.v7i1.6411.
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A sample of boiled Tetracarpidiumconophorum (African walnut) seeds was analyzed for the phytochemical and proximate compositions. The result of the phytochemical [qualitative] screeningrevealed the presence of high concentrations of Alkaloids and Steroids, and moderate concentration of Tannins. There were no traces of Saponins, Phlobotannins, Flavonoids, Phenols and Glycosides. The proximate analysis showed that the boiled seeds contained 5.5% moisture, 19.3% carbohydrate, 17.9% protein, 53.4% crude fat, 1.24% crude fiberand 2.67% ash. Data from thisstudy showedthat theboiled Tetracarpidiumconophorum seeds contain some bioactive compounds and have good nutritional composition. They could be useful in pharmaceutical formulations and as food.
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Omodara, Niyi Basil, Anthony Anabui Izuagie, Olubusayo Funmilola Semire, and Akeem Olusegun Olayiwola. "Nutritional and Antinutritional Profiles of Four Distinct Varieties of Oryza sativa L.: Maharami, Lal Qilla, Owena, and Igbimo." European Journal of Ecology, Biology and Agriculture 2, no. 3 (2025): 37–52. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejeba.2025.2(3).04.
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Rice is a staple food consumed worldwide, with nutritional and antinutritional compositions varying across different varieties. This study aimed to assess the morphological, proximate, antinutritive, mineral, and vitamin compositions of four rice varieties: Maharami, Lal Quilla, Owena, and Igbimo. Standard methods were used for proximate, antinutritive, mineral, and vitamin analyses. Morphological analysis revealed varying grain sizes and weights, with Lal Quilla exhibiting the longest grains (7.8 mm) and Maharami having the highest 1000-grain weight (29.85 g). The proximate composition showed carbohydrate content ranging from 76.29% to 78.79%, with Maharami having the highest energy value (1473.89 kJ/100g). Antinutritive analysis revealed saponin and alkaloid contents between 1.42-3.43% and 2.67-12.76%, respectively, with Lal Quilla showing the highest phenol (27.84 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid content (24.64 mg QE/g). Mineral composition showed significant variations, with Owena having the highest potassium (4.018 mg/100g) and Maharami the highest iron (0.060 mg/100g). Vitamin content was consistent across all samples, with Igbimo having the highest Vitamin B3 (2.618 mg/100g). These findings indicate the nutritional potential of these rice varieties, with Maharami and Lal Quilla being particularly rich in energy and bioactive compounds, respectively, making them promising for dietary applications.
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D., Vigneshpriya. "COMPARISON OF PROXIMATE AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF SHELL OF MARINE EDIBLE SHRIMPS, HETEROCARPUS GIBBOSUS (BATE, 1888) AND ARISTEUS ALCOCKI (RAMADAN, 1938)." International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences 4, no. 2 (2019): 75–79. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2640749.
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The present study was carried out to assess the proximate and fatty acid compositions of two edible marine shrimp’s shell, Aristeus alcocki and Heterocarpus gibbosus collected from Mandapam coast, Tamil Nadu, India. The results of proximate composition showed the percentage of protein (3.12 mg/g), moisture (50.92 %), carbohydrate (1.29 mg/g), lipid (3.66 mg/g) and ash (19.56 %) contents were higher in shell of H. gibbosus compared to A. alcock (protein (2.14 mg/g), moisture (41.49 %), carbohydrate (1 mg/g), lipids (2.76 mg/g) and ash (16.10 %)). Likewise H. gibbosus contains fifteen fatty acids whereas A. alcocki contains twenty one fatty acids. The present study revealed that H. gibbosus and A. alcocki are having high saturated fatty acids and proximate composition which contribute to a good nutritional status.
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Tasie, Masresha Minuye, and Belay Gezahegn Gebreyes. "Characterization of Nutritional, Antinutritional, and Mineral Contents of Thirty-Five Sorghum Varieties Grown in Ethiopia." International Journal of Food Science 2020 (March 11, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8243617.
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An experiment was carried out to characterize the proximate compositions and antinutritional and mineral contents of sorghum varieties released for production by the Ethiopian sorghum improvement programme. Sorghum is an extensively researched crop in Ethiopia. However, comprehensive information on nutritional, antinutritional, and mineral content has not been generated. In the present study, thirty-five sorghum varieties released by the national sorghum improvement programme were used and evaluated for their proximate compositions, tannin, and mineral nutrient. AOAC methods of analysis were used for proximate compositions and mineral content together, i.e., whereas for tannin, vanillin-HCL assay methods of analysis were used. Differences between sorghum varieties were significant (P≤0.05) for all measured parameters. Proximate composition values such as moisture, ash, crude fat, crude fiber, crude protein, and CHO varied from 9.66 to 12.94, 1.12 to 2.29, 2.48 to 4.60, 2.17 to 8.59, 8.20 to 16.48, and 67.56 to 76.42, respectively. The highest mineral content of P (367.965), Na (6.151), Mg (207.526), K (314.011), Ca (67.159), Fe (14.018), and Zn (6.484) as measured by mg/100 g was found from the varieties Macia, Abshir, Chiro, Birmash, Dagem, and Assossa-1 (Fe and Zn), respectively. Maximum tannin values of 3337.200 and 2474.7 mg/100 g were obtained from Lalo and Dano, respectively. The varieties such as Miskir, Abshir, ESH-1, Meko-1, Red Swazi, and Karimtams have higher nutritional and mineral and lower antinutritional values among the tested varieties. The abovementioned varieties should be considered for food product development due to their nutritional qualities.
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Omodara, Niyi Basil, Anthony Anabui Izuagie, Olubusayo Funmilola Semire, and Akeem Olusegun Olayiwola. "Nutritional and Antinutritional Profiles of Four Distinct Varieties of Oryza sativa L.: Maharami, Lal Qilla, Owena, and Igbimo." European Journal of Ecology, Biology and Agriculture 2, no. 3 (2025): 37–52. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejeba.2025.2(3).04.
Full textAbstract:
Rice is a staple food consumed worldwide, with nutritional and antinutritional compositions varying across different varieties. This study aimed to assess the morphological, proximate, antinutritive, mineral, and vitamin compositions of four rice varieties: <em>Maharami</em>, <em>Lal Quilla</em>, <em>Owena</em>, and <em>Igbimo</em>. Standard methods were used for proximate, antinutritive, mineral, and vitamin analyses. Morphological analysis revealed varying grain sizes and weights, with Lal Quilla exhibiting the longest grains (7.8 mm) and <em>Maharami</em> having the highest 1000-grain weight (29.85 g). The proximate composition showed carbohydrate content ranging from 76.29% to 78.79%, with <em>Maharami</em> having the highest energy value (1473.89 kJ/100g). Antinutritive analysis revealed saponin and alkaloid contents between 1.42-3.43% and 2.67-12.76%, respectively, with <em>Lal Quilla</em> showing the highest phenol (27.84 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid content (24.64 mg QE/g). Mineral composition showed significant variations, with <em>Owena</em> having the highest potassium (4.018 mg/100g) and <em>Maharami</em> the highest iron (0.060 mg/100g). Vitamin content was consistent across all samples, with <em>Igbimo</em> having the highest Vitamin B<sub>3</sub> (2.618 mg/100g). These findings indicate the nutritional potential of these rice varieties, with <em>Maharami</em> and <em>Lal Quilla</em> being particularly rich in energy and bioactive compounds, respectively, making them promising for dietary applications.
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Alamu, Emmanuel Oladeji, Abebe Menkir, Michael Adesokan, Segun Fawole, and Busie Maziya-Dixon. "Assessment of the Effects of Genotype, Location, and Planting Season on the Nutritional Composition and the Metabolizable Energy of Advanced Twenty-Five Maize Hybrids." International Journal of Plant Biology 13, no. 3 (2022): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijpb13030028.
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This study investigated the effects of genotype, location, and planting season on the proximate composition and metabolizable energy of advanced maize hybrids. Twenty-five hybrid maize and a local variety as control were harvested from five locations 100 days after planting for two seasons. The maize samples were sorted, cleaned, and pulverized using a laboratory mill and were analyzed for nutritional composition and metabolizable energy (ME) using standard laboratory methods. Moisture content, ash, fat, and protein had mean ± SD of 8.97 ± 0.40%, 1.48 ± 0.05%, 4.31 ± 0.19, and 8.88 ± 0.18%, respectively. ME had a mean ± SD of 379.77 ± 2.17 kJ, and total carbohydrates had values ranging from 74.68 and 77.20%, with an average of 76.68%. Results showed that most of the variations expressed in the proximate compositions of the maize hybrids were not significantly (p > 0.05) dependent on the genotypes. In contrast, locations significantly affected the maize hybrids’ proximate composition and metabolizable energy (p < 0.001). In addition, there was no significant effect (p > 0.05) of location by genotype interaction on the proximate composition and ME of the maize samples. The planting season also exhibited a significant (p < 0.001) difference for all the proximate parameters. Fourteen out of the twenty-five maize hybrids were similar to the local variety in terms of proximate composition and metabolizable energy. Therefore, they could be recommended for advancement in the breeding stages for release for household and industrial uses.
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D., E. Peters, E. Ogbeifun H., and O. Monanu M. "NUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF CITRULLUS LANATUS (WATER MELON) SEEDS." International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences 9, no. 3 (2022): 37–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7037580.
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<strong>Abstract:</strong> Malnutrition, more specifically to protein-energy, and micronutrient deficiencies, are major health burdens in developing countries. This study was designed to investigate the nutrient compositions of <em>Citrullus lanatus</em> seeds. Proximate, vitamins, minerals, amino acids and antinutrient compositions of <em>Citrullus lanatus</em> seeds were investigated. Proximate analysis was assessed by AOAC method minerals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry vitamins by UV- visible spectrophotometry while titrimetric methods were used for antinutrients analysis. The highest proximate composition of the seeds was crude protein (28.33±0.49%) . Predominant vitamin present was C (372.90±1.91mg/kg), most abundant mineral and amino acids present were magnesium (13.68±0.52ppm) and glutamate (7,82±0.14mg/100g) respectively. Tannin (8.94±0.09ug/g) was the highest antinutrient present. <em>Citrullus lanatus</em> seeds have lower anti-nutritional constituents and rich in vitamins, minerals and protein hence which could be useful for fortifying carbohydrate based food. <strong>Keywords:</strong> <em>Citrullus lanatus, </em>seeds, Proximate, Malnutrition, antinutrient. <strong>Title:</strong> NUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF <em>CITRULLUS LANATUS </em>(WATER MELON) SEEDS <strong>Author:</strong> D. E. Peters, H. E. Ogbeifun, M. O. Monanu <strong>International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)</strong> <strong>ISSN 2349-7823</strong> <strong>Vol. 9, Issue 3, July 2022 - September 2022</strong> <strong>Page No: 37-48</strong> <strong>Paper Publications</strong> <strong>Website: www.paperpublications.org</strong> <strong>Published Date: 31-August-2022</strong> <strong>DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7037580</strong> <strong>Paper Download Link (Source)</strong> <strong>https://www.paperpublications.org/upload/book/NUTRIENT%20COMPOSITION%20OF%20CITRULLUS%20LANATUS-31082022-1.pdf</strong>
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Patil, Priya D., and N. S. Chavan. "A comparative study of nutrients and mineral composition of Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merill." International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research 1, no. 2 (2015): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7439/ijasr.v1i2.1783.
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The proximate composition and mineral constituents of Carallia brachiata leaf and fruit powder were evaluated for their nutritional values and mineral compositions by using standard techniques. In proximate analysis, ash, carbohydrate, proteins, fiber, fat, moisture, total energy content (dry basis) was assayed while mineral analysis were carried out by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The species showed variable results in proximate analysis of both the parts; however, the fruit of C. brachiata have revealed higher percentage of carbohydrate (65.74%) and energy values (310.25Kcal/100g). The leaf showed higher percentage of proteins (13.59%) and crude fibers (18.87%). From the results is clear that both the parts of C. brachiata are rich in micronutrients like Cu, Zn & Fe. The proximate and nutrient analysis of the species can help us to determine the health benefits achieved from their use in marginal communities.
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Ogundele, Oluwasegun O., and Ungwanen M. Terzungwe. "The Effects of Some Pre-treatment Methods on the Proximates, Sensory Properties and Vitamins Compositions of Okra." Asian Food Science Journal 23, no. 7 (2024): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/afsj/2024/v23i7727.
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The investigations carried out on blanching, un-blanching and methods of drying on the proximate, sensory properties and vitamins compositions of okra of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) were studied. The fresh okra were sorted, washed with portable water, some portions were blanched for 30 seconds while other portions were not pretreated prior to drying. The okra samples were dried using oven drying (60oC) and sun drying methods. Proximate composition, the sensory properties and the vitamin contents of the dried okra were determined. Results showed there was significant difference (p≤ 0.05) in the vitamin contents and proximate composition of dried okra while there was no significant difference (p≥0.05) in the sensory properties of the dried okra samples. The proximate composition, blanched oven dried okra samples retained highest amount of moisture, fat, ash and protein (7.85%, 7.00%, 8.24% and 16.83% respectively). For the vitamin composition, un-blanched sun dried okra retained highest amount of vitamin B9 and vitamin K (0.27% and 0.26% respectively). The blanched sun dried okra retained highest amount of vitamin A (36.34%) and un-blanched oven dried okra retained highest amount of vitamin C (9.65%). For sensory properties, blanched sun-dried okra retained the highest sensory properties (aroma, texture and sliminess) followed by un-blanched sun-dried okra, while oven dried okra has lowest sensory attributes.
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Aini Kamaruddin, Nurul, Aiza Nadira Zulkifli, Normala Ahmad, and Jamil Zakaria. "Effects of Different Harvesting Ages on Chemical Composition of Five Napier Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum) Varieties." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.43 (2018): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.43.25817.
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The objective of this study is to determine the effects of the different harvesting ages (45 days, 60 days and 75 days) on the chemical composition of five Napier grass varieties. This research was conducted at Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) Farm in Pasir Akar, Besut, Terengganu. The proximate analysis was used to analyze the chemical compositions of moisture, ash, crude fiber, crude protein and fat, while the mineral compositions of magnesium, potassium, aluminium, phosphorus, and calcium were analyzed and measured using the dry ashing method and Induced Couple Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The findings of this study showed that most chemical compositions of five Napier varieties were decreased (p < 0.05) as harvesting age increased. The proximate compositions of all varieties show significantly decreased (p < 0.05) as age increased which is the moisture, ash, crude fiber, crude protein, and fat were decreased at age 75 days. Among the five varieties, Dwarf Napier shows the highest of crude protein (25.51%) followed by India Napier (22.44%), Uganda Napier (18.45%), Red Napier (18.26%) and Zanzibar Napier (16.78%), respectively. The mineral compositions of potassium and phosphorus of five varieties were decreased as age harvesting increased. Thus, this study showed that the harvesting ages affect to the chemical composition of the Napier grass and day 45 is the optimum age for harvesting which is providing high nutritive value of animal feed.  Â
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Berto, Alessandra, Alex Fiori da Silva, Jesuí Vergilio Visentainer, Makoto Matsushita, and Nilson Evelázio de Souza. "Proximate compositions, mineral contents and fatty acid compositions of native Amazonian fruits." Food Research International 77 (November 2015): 441–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2015.08.018.
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Ibrahim, H., A. Haruna, and N. Abdullahi. "Proximate and Elemental Analysis of African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum)." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 25, no. 2 (2021): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v25i2.18.
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The proximate and elemental analysis of African star apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) using standard analytical techniques was investigated. The proximate composition of the plant showed the values of 54.57 % for carbohydrate, 13.25 % of fat, and 3.85 % of crude protein. The crude fiber and ash content indicates the values of 6.60 % and 4.70 % respectively. The moisture content present (17.03 %) reveals the possibility of having low antimicrobial activities of the plant. The mineral elements present in different concentrations are Ca (706.850 mg/kg), Mg (325.500 mg/kg), Fe (40.875 mg/kg), Cu (3.275 mg/kg), and Zn (4.625 mg/kg). The result shows that the fruit have essential minerals required by human for normal life activities.
 Key words: Chrysophyllum albidum, Star apple, Proximate compositions, Mineral elements
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Mubarak, Aminu, Jibrin Naka Keta, Abdullahi Muhammad Tilli, and Shehu Musa. "Phytochemical and proximate compositions of Annona senegalensis flower." Journal of Innovative Agriculture 9, no. 1 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.37446/jinagri/rsn/9.1.2022.1-5.
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Nofiani, Risa, Sigit Hertanto, Titin Anita Zaharah, and Sutarman Gafur. "Proximate Compositions and Biological Activities of Caulerpa lentillifera." Molekul 13, no. 2 (2018): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2018.13.2.441.
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Caulerpa lentillifera is an edible and functional seaweed due to its high nutritional compositions and its biological activities. In this study, C. lentillifera was evaluated for its proximate compositions (moisture, ash, protein, lipid and fiber contents) and its biological activities (antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, and toxicity). Moisture content, crude lipid, crude protein, and crude fiber were determined using oven method, soxhlet extraction, semi-micro Kjeldhal, and hydrolysis, respectively. Fresh C. lentillifera of Natuna Island, Indonesia, showed its higher level content of ash, crude lipid, and crude fiber compared to that of fresh C. lentillifera of Penghu, Taiwan. For its biological activity assays, the extracts were prepared from fresh and dry C. lentillifera (FC and DC). Both of the extracts showed the broad spectrum of weak antimicrobial using well-diffusion agar tests and antioxidant activities using a modified linoleic acid emulsion system. The toxicity for both extracts was determined using brine shrimp lethality test. DC extract showed its very low toxicity level and there was no toxicity for FC. Hemolytic activity was determined using red blood assay. Both extracts showed their low hemolytic activities (about 5-13%) for the concentration of 100 and 150 μg/mL, but the activity increased sharply (about 96%) on the concentration of 200 μg/mL. It was concluded that C. lentillifera has a potency as a functional food due to containing secondary metabolites with various biological activities.
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Nwokoro, S. O., O. W. Agbonghae, N. C. Akaeze, and E. E. Onojeta. "Chemical Compositions of Leaf Protein Concentrate and Bagasse of Pride of Barbados (Caesalpinia pulcherrima) Leaves obtained from three Different Locations in Benin City, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 26, no. 5 (2022): 845–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v26i5.10.
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To optimize food and feed production in Nigeria and meet protein demands, viable options need to be explored. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the chemical composition of Pride of Barbados leaf protein concentrate and bagasse. Freshly harvested Pride of Barbados leaves were obtained from three different locations in Benin City and processed for its leaf protein concentrate and bagasse using heat coagulated method. Pride of Barbados leaf protein concentrate and bagasse were analysed for proximate and mineral compositions using standard analytical procedures. Proximate analysis revealed that the dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, ash, and nitrogen free extract contents of Pride of Barbados leaf protein concentrates were 91.17%, 31.12%, 8.33%, 7.92%, 8.2%, and 35.3%, respectively. Pride of Barbados bagasse had a lower crude protein (9.22%) but higher fibre content (10.72%) compared to those of Pride of Barbados leaf protein concentrate. Na, K, Ca, and Mg were the most abundant minerals in Pride of Barbados leaf protein concentrate and bagasse. Chromium was very low in the leaf protein concentrate and bagasse. Proximate compositions were significantly (p<0.05) affected by location. Pride of Barbados leaf protein concentrate and bagasse can be used as livestock feed ingredient.
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Elijah, Aniekpeno Isaac, Victor Ephraim Edem, and Item Victor Uduhabasi. "Effect of extraction variables on the proximate composition of coconut milk." Croatian journal of food science and technology 11, no. 2 (2019): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17508/cjfst.2019.11.2.11.
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To our knowledge, there seem to be no report on the effect of extraction variables on the proximate composition of coconut milk. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design (CCD), consisting three factors (extraction time, extraction temperature and coconut meat particle size) was used to study the effect of process conditions on the proximate compositions of coconut milk. Results revealed that process variables significantly (p&lt;0.05) affected the proximate compositions of coconut milk. The R2 values of ash, fibre and carbohydrate were 0.9244, 0.8822 and 0.8876 respectively, while that of fat and protein where 0.6048 and 0.6866, respectively. Results also indicated that moisture, ash, fat, protein, fibre and carbohydrate contents of coconut milk ranged from 75.40 to 81.97%, 1.03 to 4.3 %, 62.70 to 78.39%, 6.33 to 32.16%, 0.05 to 0.15% and 2.25 to 60.0%, respectively. The optimum conditions obtained for extraction of coconut milk with a desirability index of 75.30% were 16.27 min extraction time, 40 °C extraction temperature and &lt; 1617 μm particle size of coconut meat. The estimated amount of moisture, ash, fat, protein, fibre and carbohydrate were; 79.03, 3.48, 73.82, 25.45, 0.16 and 29.34% respectively
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Nurhayati, Y., N. N. Mat Rahim, N. I. Mohd Juhari, and J. Y. H. Tang. "Physicochemical and proximate composition of cincalok (fermented shrimp) mixed with red onion powder, red chilli pepper and musk lime juice." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1413, no. 1 (2024): 012071. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1413/1/012071.
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Abstract Cincalok has a pungent smell and salty-sour taste and is served with various recipes to improve its quality. Herbs in cincalok enhance sustainability by lowering the demand for artificial additives in meals. This study aims to compare the physicochemical properties and proximate compositions of cincalok before and after adding red onion powder (ROP), red chilli pepper powder (RCPP), and musk lime juice (MLJ). Three variations of cincalok were made by mixing commercial cincalok with 5% of ROP, RCPP, and MLJ and fermenting for ten days at room temperature. The samples’ physicochemical properties (pH, water activity, titratable acidity and colour) and proximate compositions were measured. The results showed that the pH decreased after mixing and fermentation. The water activity ranged from 0.88 to 0.86, and titratable acidity from 2.54 to 1.96 after fermentation for all samples. The result also showed that cincalok mixing with RCPP had the highest value of ash (12.48%), protein (19.54%), fat (7.00%), and fibre (6.42%) content after fermentation. In conclusion, incorporating ROP, RCPP, and MLJ into cincalok influences its physicochemical and proximate composition, highlighting the benefits of using locally sourced herbs as natural food additives.
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Abd Gani, Siti Salwa, Najat Nabilah Noor Ezzuddin, Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan, Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi, and Alyaa Nurathirah Abd Halim. "Flavonoid Content of Phaleria macrocarpa Fruit and Its Proximate Compositions." Malaysian Applied Biology 52, no. 4 (2023): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.m024.
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Flavonoids are one of the compounds in phenolic compounds in fruits. Flavonoids have been documented to modulate or modify lipid peroxidation, free radical scavenging activity, and inhibition of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes. Flavonoids also influence anti-inflammatory action, anti-tumour, anti-hyperglycemia, anti-viral, anti-microbial, and anti-fungal effects. In this research, flavonoid content in P. macrocarpa fruits was determined, as well as its proximate compositions. To extract flavonoids in the fruit, P. macrocarpa fruits were extracted by the Soxhlet extraction method using aqueous as a solvent. Total flavonoid content in P. macrocarpa fruit extract was 89.89 ± 3.71 mg QE/100 mL. Proximate analyses were conducted to determine the fruit’s moisture content, ash content, dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, and crude essential oil. Results obtained for proximate composition were 9.45 ± 2.67% (crude protein), 21.633 ± 1.17 (fibre), and 5.605 ± 0.88 (essential oil). Moisture content in this fruit was 88.401 ± 0.749%, the dry matter was 10.96%, and the ash content was 6.33 ± 3.72%. FTIR analysis shows the extract’s functional spectra of phenol, alkane, alkene, and alkyne groups.
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Adamu, Kabir Mohammed, Diana Bmazazhin David, Hafsat Muhammad, Namla Djadjiti, and Hafsat Mohammad. "Carcass Proximate Composition and Amino acid Profiles of Hybrid Catfish fed Supplementary Cockroach Meal." Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 17, no. 3 (2021): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i3.89.
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The high demand for fish as a protein source in fishmeal with the increasing production pressure on aquaculture has led to the research on the use of insects as an alternative source of protein for fish production. Studies have been reported on nutritional potentials of some insect’s protein on growth indices with little attention on the fish carcass's proximate composition and amino acid analyses; thus, this study was conducted to investigate the carcass proximate and amino acid analyses of hybrid catfish fed supplemented cockroach meal. Four experimental diets were formulated with varying inclusion levels of the insect (Diet A (100% fishmeal), Diet B (100% cockroach meal), Diet C (50% fishmeal and 50% cockroach meal), and Diet D (Commercial diet)). The hybrid catfish were fed twice daily with formulated/commercial diets for 12 weeks. After, the 12-week periods, pool samples of whole fish, were sacrificed for proximate analyses and amino acid analyses. The test fish carcass revealed the highest moisture content (9.22±0.01%) and crude protein (66.23±0.02%) values in Diet A and B respectively. Similarly, the highest crude fiber, ash, and carbohydrate content of 0.73±0.03%, 13.96±0.10%, and 12.55±0.13% were recorded in fish-fed diet B. The amino acid profiles of fish carcass fed diet B recorded the highest values of lysine, phenylalanine, methionine, proline, arginine, cysteine, alanine, and glutamic acid; glycine, threonine, and serine. Whilst other amino acids monitored in fish fed Diet B were moderate amongst others. The fish fed Diet C, also recorded positive (p<0.05) proximate compositions and amino acid profiles compared to the control carcass. The observed carcass proximate compositions and amino acid profiles in fish-fed Diets B and C may be attributed to the presence of cockroach meal in the diets. Hence, the inclusion of cockroaches in the diets of hybrid catfish could be employed as a potential source of protein for catfish fingerlings as revealed by the hybrid catfish carcass proximate composition and amino acid analyses. this makes a potential source of protein for human consumption
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Kari, N. M., F. Ahmad, and M. N. A. Ayub. "Proximate composition, amino acid composition and food product application of anchovy: a review." Food Research 6, no. 4 (2022): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.6(4).419.
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Anchovies are the small pelagic fish that belongs to the family of Engraulidae dominant all over the Indo-Pacific region, which account for human consumption and as feed for other larger fish. Anchovies are rich in macronutrients and micronutrients such as protein, carbohydrate, fat and amino acids. In addition, anchovy is composed of well-balanced amino acid compositions containing eight essential amino acids and eight non-essential amino acids. The nutritive value of anchovies has become the reason for numerous food applications. Proximate analysis is vital in the food industry for the development and quality controls of food products. Knowledge and information regarding the proximate composition of fish are essential in the food processing technology of fish products at commercial and industrial scales. Additionally, this review highlights both conventional and innovative anchovy-based food items. The review demonstrated that anchovies have several possible breakthroughs in the food industry, as shown by their proximate composition and the amino acid profiles used in various food items.
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Nwauche, KT, FC Anacletus, and CC Ighorodje-Monago. "Assessment of Fatty Acid, Proximate and Quantitative Phytochemical Compositions of Matured Stem of Costus afer (Bush Cane)." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 6 (2018): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i6.2057.
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This study estimated the fatty acid, proximate and quantitative phytochemical compositions of Costus afer matured stem collected from Choba campus of University of Port Harcourt, in Choba community, Rivers State. This was carried out using standard procedures of analysis (fatty acid and proximate) as well as gas chromatographic method (quantitative phytochemical analysis). The fatty acid analysis of the plant stem revealed high contents of linolenic acid (32.26%), linoleic acid (25.89%) and palmitic acid (25.48%) and moderate levels of oleic acid (7.11%) and stearic acid (6.36%) while myristic acid, palmitoleic acid, arachidonic acid, behenic acid and lignoceric acid was low and caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, margaric acid, arachidonic acid, erucic acid were absent. The results of the proximate composition of the stem of Costus afer indicated that total carbohydrate composition of Costus afer stem was the highest (54.98%) while crude fat had the lowest value of 1.15%. The moisture content had a moderate value of 22.15% while total ash (4.60%), crude protein (7.72%) and crude fibre (9.40%) values were low. The gas chromatographic analysis of the stem indicated that the total alkaloid composition was 70.59mg/100g with high compositions of papaverine (44.72%), methyl morphine (23.24%), morphine (17.92%) and narcotine (14.11%). The total flavonoids concentration was 28.29mg/100g. Myricetin (69.79%) had the highest value with moderate levels of quercetin (14.88%) and kaempferol (9.78%). The total composition of saponin was 2.87mg/100g. The sapogenin content of the stem (39.20%) was the highest with moderate levels of diosgenin (26.13%), saponine (22.12%) and tigonine (9.76%) while gitogenin value (2.28%) was observed to be low. The analysis of the plant stem showed the presence of glycosides (22.35mg/100mg) made up mainly of costugenin (65.60%), digitoxin (18.73%), digoxin (6.28%), salicin (4.76%) and low levels of ouabain (1.95%) and kaemferol-3-rhamnoside (1.08%). The study has shown that matured stems of Costus afer can contribute greatly towards meeting human nutritional requirements and suggest the possibility of its use in folklore medicine.
 Keywords: Costus afer, phytochemicals, proximate composition, fatty acids.
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Babatunde, Esan Edward, Adaramola Feyisara Banji, Odutayo Foluke, Aina David Ayandiran, and Kotun Fatima. "Comparative study of leaf morphology, phytochemical, mineral and proximate analysis of Codiaeum variegatum (L.) A. Juss. (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae) and its stable mutant." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 4, no. 7 (2017): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.040704.
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Differences in terms of morphology, phytochemical, mineral and proximate compositions created as a result of a natural spontaneous mutation that produced a stable bud-sport on the vegetative parent body of a member of the Euphorbiacea Family Codiaeum variegatum cv. ovalifolium was compared. Morphological characterization of the leaves was done by leaf skeletonization, proximate and mineral analyzes were carried out by method of Association of Official Analytical Chemists while the phytochemical screening was carried out on 80% methanol extracts of the leaves using standard methods. From the results of the morphological characteristics, the mutant showed more vegetative vigor than the parent plant. Results of phytochemical screening showed that; while flavonoid was absent in both, cardiac glycosides and tannins were highly present in the parent but slightly present in the mutant. For both mutant and the parent, calcium had the highest concentration. Copper was absent in the parent while it occurred at the lowest concentration in the mutant. Also, the concentrations of magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, iron and zinc were higher in the parent plant. Results of proximate composition of the plants showed that both mutant and the parent plant have high nutritive values. Conclusively, the morphological characters of the mutant were shown to distinctly differ from those of the parent plant. Also, both the mutant and its parent plant showed considerably good amount of important phytochemicals, minerals and proximate compositions, making them good prospects for food and medicine.
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Kasmiati, K., S. Syahrul, B. Badraeni, and M. H. Rahmi. "Proximate and mineral compositions of the green seaweeds Caulerpa lentilifera and Caulerpa racemosa from South Sulawesi Coast, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1119, no. 1 (2022): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1119/1/012049.
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Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional and mineral composition of the green seaweeds Caulerpa lentilifera and Caulerpa racemosa collecting from Takalar Water, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Test of proximate analysis of seaweeds observed was ash, protein, lipid, fiber, and carbohydrate. While the test mineral compositions were phosphorus, calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, cuprum, manganese, zinc, ferrum, iodine. The results of the analysis showed that the proximate composition, C. lentilifera had the highest ash content (63.83%) while C. racemosa had the highest carbohydrate content of 38.18%. The results of the mineral analysis showed that C. lentillifera and C. racemosa contained macro and microminerals. The highest macromineral content is Na (10.040% and 16.280%) and followed by K (3.958% and 2.195%), Mg (59.201 ppm and 519.201 ppm), Ca (0.521% and 0.466%) and P (0.270% and 0.335%). The highest microminerals in the two types of seaweed from the largest are Fe (756.1805 and 386.1202 ppm), Mn (59.201 ppm and 519.062 ppm), Zn (10.079 ppm and 3.366 ppm), and Cu (5.496 ppm only in C. racemosa). This study revealed that C. lentilifera and C. racemosa contain constituents with proximate and mineral composition as potential sources of plant foods and good sources of mineral supplements.
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Mamman, S., B. S. Shuaibu, and J. A. Yusuf. "EXPLORING THE NUTRITIONAL AND MINERAL COMPOSITIONS OF BAOBAB (Adansonia digitata L) FRUIT PULP AND SEED." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 5, no. 2 (2021): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2021-0501-604.
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This research presents the proximate and elemental compositions of Baobab fruit (Adansonia digitata L.) The proximate analysis gives the composition of the biomass in terms of gross components such as moisture, volatile matter, ash and fixed carbon. In this study, the proximate composition was determined using standard methods (AOAC) while the mineral content was analysed with the aid of an Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Flame Photometry. Minerals are micronutrients that occur in foods in minute amounts but are very essential for body metabolism. The results revealed that Baobab seed and pulp are rich in crude protein, fat, carbohydrate and total ash contents. The high amount of total ash (3.15 0.05 %) and (4.65 0.55 %) present in the seed and pulp respectively suggests that they both possess high level of inorganic matter; thus, having high amount of minerals. The study also shows that Baoba seed and pulp have high economic value and are good and cheap sources of mineral element such as calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, copper and zinc. For these reasons, they can be incorporated into food supplements for both humans and animals, also could have industrial applications
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NKEMAKOLAM, BRIGHT NWOSU, EJIJE OKORONKWO NNENNA, MARTINS ONWUKA OSAH, and UCHENDU OSUCHUKWU TRUELOVE. "Phytochemical and nutritional compositions of two varieties of Anacardium occidentale L." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 19, no. 2 (2023): 966–77. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10847216.
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The study investigated phytochemical and nutritional composition of the two varieties of <em>Anacardium occidentale</em> (red and yellow varieties) apple, bark, leaves and nuts. Standard techniques were utilized to examine the samples. Phytochemicals, proximate analysis, mineral composition and vitamin content, were all determined on the samples. The obtained data from phytochemical analysis showed that in all the sixteen extracts: glycosides, flavonoids, phenol and protein were present in fifteen extracts except in acetone extract of the bark. Results of proximate analysis revealed that percentage ash contents of yellow varieties of the apple, nuts, leaves and bark had higher values of 8.54, 4.97, 3.51 and 2.51 % respectively than the red varieties. The mineral compositions of nuts, apple juice, leaves and bark from red and yellow varieties revealed highest potassium contents in the apple juice with the value of 41.28±4.31 mg. Generally, phosphorus had the highest value of 129.52±0.25 mg among the minerals studied followed by copper with a value of 61.28±0.01 mg in the nut of the red variety. The red varieties of the nut, apple, and leaves had higher vitamin C content than the yellow variety. The red varieties of the nut, apple, and leaves had higher niacin, (B3) than the yellow variety. The rich presence of these phytochemicals, minerals compositions and other nutritive values supports the use of the different parts of <em>Anacardium occidentale </em>in ethno-medicine and equally creates the possibility for their use in drug formulation.
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Chidimma, Okudo Nelly, and Izundu Alexander Ikechukwu. "Proximate Composition of Dioscorea dumetorum (K.) and Dioscorea bulbifera (L.) Tubers during Storage." NEWPORT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES 5, no. 3 (2024): 20–27. https://doi.org/10.59298/nijbas/2024/5.3.202711.
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Yam is a staple food of sub-saharan African, consumers have consistently doubted, the actual nutritional compositions of the tubers during storage. There has been continued need to understand the composition of yam tubers at various stages of storage, especially after sprouting. This research determined the proximate composition of Dioscorea dumetorum and Dioscorea bulbifera during storage. The proximate analysis involved the moisture content, crude protein, fat, carbohydrate, crude fiber and dry matter of the two yam species at storage. Sample obtained from two species were subjected to proximate assay. Analytical methods were used for the nutritional assay. Data from analysis were subjected to ANOVA and means separated using DUNCAN'S Multiple Range Test. Test of significance was based on 5% probability level. Proximate analysis of Dioscorea dumetorum revealed that, the tail region of immediately after harvest gave the highest protein content (78.68±0.28) which was significantly higher than that of the tail region of post sprouted stage (77.98±0.18).Carbohydrate content Dioscorea dumetorum was highest in the head region of second stage (98.39±0.11) while the least was in the head region of third stage (77.78±0.19) and the Dioscorea bulbifera, the head regions of all the storage gave the significantly highest carbohydrate composition value, the tail region showed the lowest or no significant across the column. This study revealed that there is a mobilization and utilization of proximate of tubers of two yam species during storage.
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Sirajo, K. . Shehu Z. . Binanci M. U. . Mas'ud I. . &. Diri A. A. "Study of Proximate Composition of Seed and Peel of (Azanza garckeana) Goron Tula." Asian Journal of Food Research and Nutrition 1, no. 2 (2022): 35–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120485.
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Aims: This study aimed at assessing nutritional composition of the seed and peel of Azanza garckeana.Methodology: The fruit ofA. garckeanawas purchased from old Market in sokoto, sokotoState, Nigeria. The proximate compositions were determined using standard method of AOAC.Results:The result of the analysis revealed that, the carbohydrate content (47.88% and 45.32%) was the most abundant biological component in both the seed and peel followed by crude fibre (29.00% and 28.05%) respectively. However, no significance difference was observed between the seed and peel for both carbohydrate and crude fibre. The crude lipid (10.70%) and crude protein (10.01%) of the peel was significantly higher than that of the seed (6.60% and 4.85% respectively). Ash (5.10%, 8.33%) and moisture content (6.66%, 5.00%) in both samples were also found in considerable amount.Conclusion:This result shows that thepeel of Azanza garckeana, which is ordinarilyconsidered as waste, may possess nutritional benefits
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Ajani, Olayinka, Taiwo Felicia Owoeye, Kehinde Deborah Akinlabu, Oladotun Bolade, Oluwatimilehin Aribisala, and Bamidele Durodola. "Sorghum extract: Phytochemical, proximate, and GC-MS analyses." Foods and Raw Materials 9, no. 2 (2021): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2021-2-371-378.
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Introduction. Sorghum is available cereal seeds of African origin belonging to the Poaceae family. However, its metabolites and proximate composition have not studied well, which led to the under-utilization of this cereal. This research aimed to investigate the classes of phytochemical and proximate compositions of sorghum extract in order to assess its nutraceutical potential for food chemistry and dietary formulations.
 Study objects and methods. We studied the sorghum seed oil extract obtained with the help of a Soxhlet extractor. Sorghum was purchased in Ota, Nigeria. The bioactive compounds were identified by standard methods of phytochemical screening, the nutritional content was investigated with proximate analysis, and the secondary metabolites in the sorghum extract were determined using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 
 Result and discussion. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of steroids, saponins, terpenoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, and quinones in the sorghum extract. The oil yield obtained was 11.00 ± 0.18%. The proximate analysis revealed 5.94% moisture content, 3.05% ash, 0.20% crude fiber, 11.00% fat, 5.54% protein, and 74.27% carbohydrates. The selected physicochemical parameters measured in the sorghum extract included cloud point (0.40°C), specific gravity at 25°C (0.81), and refractive index (1.46). The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, stigmasterol, 8-dodecen-1-ol, acetate, (Z)-, vitamin E, linoleic acid ethyl ester, and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, which accounted for about 85% in the sorghum composition. Other constituents, presented at lower amounts, included 12-heptadecyn-1-ol, 1H-Imidazole-5-ethanamine, 1-methyl-, and cyclononene. 
 Conclusion. The findings of this study revealed high nutritive potential of sorghum, which make it a rich source of energy for humans and animals.
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Ozomadu, Gideon C., Stone Odera, and Joseph T. Nwabanne. "Danta Wood Saw Dust Characterizations for Pyrolysis Oil Production potentials." Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal 8, no. 3 (2021): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13961419.
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Researchers led by rise in energy demands, exhausting fossil fuel resources and consequent environmental management problems, are in search for solution, in recent times. Fast pyrolysis process has commanded most intensive interest for solving the above research problems amongst other alternative fuel technologies. In this present work, DWSD feedstock characterization was carried out via proximate, ultimate, chemical compositions and FTIRS analyses and it was observed that DWSD has the following properties: the proximate analysis indicates high volatile (83.2 wt. %), low moisture (8.2 wt. %),) and low ash (wt. %), contents; the ultimate analysis indicates C,H,N,O content values as 50.50,5.82,0.03 and 43.05% respectively; the chemical composition found cellulose & hemicellulose content was 56.60 wt. %,lignin content, 41.00 wt. %; while the FTIRS shows alkanes, alkenes, aromatics, ketones, alcohol, ether, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, etc contents. Thus, feedstock characterization results show that DWSD sample has great potentials for use in production of pyrolysis oil.
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Hassan, Abdelmonem S., Nizar B. Kashlan, Zamzam A. Al‐mousa, et al. "Proximate and mineral compositions of local Kuwaiti fast foods." Ecology of Food and Nutrition 26, no. 1 (1991): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03670244.1991.9991187.
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Cawthorn, Donna-Mareè, Leon Brett Fitzhenry, Radim Kotrba, Daniel Bureš, and Louwrens C. Hoffman. "Chemical Composition of Wild Fallow Deer (Dama Dama) Meat from South Africa: A Preliminary Evaluation." Foods 9, no. 5 (2020): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9050598.
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Although fallow deer are abundant in South Africa, these cervids remain undervalued as a domestic protein source and little information exists on their meat quality. This study aimed to evaluate the proximate and mineral compositions of the meat from wild fallow deer (n = 6 male, n = 6 female) harvested in South Africa, as affected by sex and muscle. Proximate analyses were conducted on six muscles (longissimus thoracis et lumborum [LTL], biceps femoris [BF], semimembranosus [SM], semitendinosus [ST], infraspinatus [IS], supraspinatus [SS]), whereas mineral analyses were conducted on the LTL and BF. The proximate composition of the muscles ranged from 73.3–76.2% moisture, 20.4–23.1% protein, 2.2–3.2% fat, and 1.1–1.5% ash. Proximate composition was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) influenced by muscle, but not by sex. The primary essential macro- and micro-minerals determined in the LTL and BF were potassium, phosphorus, sodium, and magnesium, as well as iron, zinc, and copper, with more variation in concentrations occurring with muscle than with sex. Minerals in the muscles contributing most notably to human recommended dietary requirements were potassium, iron, copper, and zinc. These findings indicate that wild fallow deer meat is a nutritious food source and should enhance utilisation of such products.
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Paul, Patrick L. Guanzon. "Proximate composition and anti-nutritional analyses of selected underutilized fruit seeds." Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES) 25, no. 1 (2024): 48–57. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15250309.
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The study investigated the proximate composition and anti-nutritional compositions of the fruit seeds of Avocado (<em>Persea americana </em>Mill.) var. ‘khairun’, Mango (<em>Mangifera altissima</em>) var. ‘paho’, Jackfruit (<em>Artocarpus heterophyllus </em>Lam.) and Guyabano (<em>Annona muricata</em>). The fruits were available locally in the region, in Cagayan de Oro City, province of Misamis Oriental. It was analyzed through its dry ash using laboratory oven, crude lipid through Soxhlet extraction method, crude protein using the Kjeldahl technique and carbohydrate by getting the percentage difference. The AOAC methods were performed for proximate analysis. The seeds’ antinutritional composition determined the alkaloids through alkaline precipitation gravimetric technique, oxalates through titration method, and phytate contents through Lucas and Markaka procedure. The comparison of biochemical composition showed that carbohydrates resulted the highest (18.91%), next was the crude lipid (8.76 %), protein (7.26%), and ash (2.90%). Results showed significant differences in terms of its biochemical compositions. Among of the samples, guyabano, were abundant in protein. Crude lipid and carbohydrate content were predominant compounds in guyabano seeds. The highest ash content was the jackfruit seeds. The variations in the biological functions of fruit seeds could be responsible for the variations in biochemical composition. Results of anti-nutritional tests showed that the highest alkaloid was found in mango seeds. Mango seeds had also significant oxalate levels. It also resulted that mango seeds had the greatest phytate contents. Guyabano yielded the highest saponin levels. Furthermore, seeds consist of biochemicals and antinutrients, which can be advantageous or detrimental to the health of both humans and animals. puublished by the <strong>Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES)</strong>
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Onuoha, Chinyere Henrietta, Charity Chinenye Nwachukwu, Ruth Tochukwu Nwachukwu, Chinwe Glory Nwogu Nwogu, Chieme Sunday Chukwudoruo, and Favour Ntite Ujowundu. "Comparative evaluation of proximate composition and anti-sickling potential of Annona muricata Linn seeds and leaves." AROC in Natural Products Research 01, no. 02 (2021): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.53858/arocnpr01022935.
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Background: Annona muricata Linn is a notable, well-studied plant of therapeutic value. Based on the abundant pharmacological constituents contained in the understudied plant, it is imperative that the plant parts are investigated for nutritional value and anti-sickling potentials. Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is an inheritable haematological disorder, caused by an amino acid substitution on the haem protein. The outcomes for SCA are poor health indices and high mortality. Therefore, the use of natural products is necessary and widely promoted in countries with poor health infrastructure. Methods: In this study, A. muricata seeds and leaves were comparatively analysed for the proximate compositions. In addition, aqueous and ethanol extracts of A. muricata seeds and leaves were respectively analysed for anti-sickling potentials with the use of spectrophotometry. Results: Proximate composition of A. muricata seeds and leaves showed that both plant parts contain ash, carbohydrate, fat, fibre, moisture and protein. However, percentage proximate composition of A. muricata seeds was not significantly different from the percentage proximate composition of A. muricata leaves (p ≤ 0.05). From anti-sickling analysis, the aqueous extracts of A. muricata seeds and leaves were observed to inhibit HbSS polymerisation, while the ethanol extracts of A. muricata seeds and leaves showed limitations to the inhibition of HbSS polymerisation. Conclusion: A. muricata seeds and leaves possess potentials as health or nutritional supplements for the management of SCA. Further studies are necessary in order to ascertain efficacy and safety in in vivo models
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Vaitkevičienė, Nijolė, Akvilė Sapronaitė, and Jurgita Kulaitienė. "Evaluation of Proximate Composition, Mineral Elements and Bioactive Compounds in Skin and Flesh of Beetroot Grown in Lithuania." Agriculture 12, no. 11 (2022): 1833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12111833.
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In the world, red beetroot is regarded as one of the most important vegetables due to its valuable nutritional features; however, the industrial processing of beetroot produces large amounts of waste, such as skin, which could be a relevant source of bioactive compounds, minerals, fiber, and so on. In this study, the variations in the proximate composition, mineral element amounts, and some antioxidants in the skin and flesh of beetroot genotypes grown in Lithuania were appraised. Proximate compositions (total soluble solids, dry matter, fiber, protein, ash, and total sugars), amounts of some minerals (N, P, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Zn, Cu, B, and Mn), total phenolics, and total anthocyanins and betalains were determined. The results revealed that proximate composition, minerals, total phenolics, and total anthocyanins and betalains depends on the root part and genotype of the beetroot. All investigated beetroot skin samples have significantly greater amounts of protein, dry matter ash, fiber, total sugars, minerals (except K), total phenolics, and total anthocyanins and betalains than the flesh. ‘Alto F1’ skins had the highest amounts of protein, fiber, ash, Na, Mg, and Zn. ‘Kosak’ skins contained the greatest amounts of dry matter, total sugars, K, P, Ca, Fe, Mn, and total anthocyanins and betalains. It can be concluded that the tested beetroot skins (especially ‘Alto F1’ and ‘Kosak’), due to their valuable nutritional compositions, can be used as a source of natural supplements that can enrich the quality of various food products or be used for the manufacture of functional food.
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Yun, Mi Sun, Doo Byoul Lee, Bo Kyung Kim, et al. "Comparison of phytoplankton macromolecular compositions and zooplankton proximate compositions in the northern Chukchi Sea." Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 120 (October 2015): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.05.018.
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Alawode, Rhamatallah Adenike, Muhammed Muhammed Ndamitso, Yahaya Ahmed Iyaka, and Julian Chukwuemeka Anuonye. "Effects of fermentation on the proximate, anti-nutrients, minerals, fatty acids, and amino acids profiles of jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam) seeds." AROC in Food and Nutrition 01, no. 01 (2021): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53858/arocfn01013140.
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Background: Fermentation has been recognized as one of the oldest ways of food processing that increase food quality by increasing nutrient bio-availability through the reduction in anti-nutrient compositions. The present study evaluated the effects of fermentation on nutrients and anti-nutrients composition of jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam) seed. Methods: The seed of Z. mauritiana was fermented for 24 hr. Standard analytical procedures were used to analyse the proximate, minerals, amino acid, fatty acid and anti-nutrient compositions of the seed sample at 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hr of fermentation. Results: The seed has high amounts of proteins, minerals, amino acids and low levels of anti-nutrients. The seed also has higher unsaturated than saturated fatty acids. Fermentation significantly increased the minerals compositions, decreases anti-nutrients and some amino acid levels but had no plausible effects (p>0.05) on proximate contents of the seed. Fermentation for 6 and 12 hr had no significant (p <0.05) effect on the fatty acids, however, at 18 and 24 hr a significant (p<0.05) reduction in fatty acid were recorded. On the basis of nutrient retention, the most plausible and positive effects of the fermentation on Z. mauritiana were observed at ≤ 12 of fermentation. Conclusion: Ziziphus mauritiana seed could be employed as an alternative source of nutrients for humans and animals. However, fermentation of Z. mauritiana should be done for a period of ≤ 12 hr if necessary
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Jiang, Chenyi, and Haofeng Zhang. "Revealing the Proximate Long-Tail Distribution in Compositional Zero-Shot Learning." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, no. 3 (2024): 2498–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i3.28026.
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Compositional Zero-Shot Learning (CZSL) aims to transfer knowledge from seen state-object pairs to novel unseen pairs. In this process, visual bias caused by the diverse interrelationship of state-object combinations blurs their visual features, hindering the learning of distinguishable class prototypes. Prevailing methods concentrate on disentangling states and objects directly from visual features, disregarding potential enhancements that could arise from a data viewpoint. Experimentally, we unveil the results caused by the above problem closely approximate the long-tailed distribution. As a solution, we transform CZSL into a proximate class imbalance problem. We mathematically deduce the role of class prior within the long-tailed distribution in CZSL. Building upon this insight, we incorporate visual bias caused by compositions into the classifier's training and inference by estimating it as a proximate class prior. This enhancement encourages the classifier to acquire more discernible class prototypes for each composition, thereby achieving more balanced predictions. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach elevates the model's performance to the state-of-the-art level, without introducing additional parameters.
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Muinat, M. I. and Tariq, A. M. "Evaluation of Proximate Compositions of Some Edible Insects in Zaria Kaduna State Nigeria." International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability 7, no. 1 (2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v7i1.45.
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The present study was carried out to evaluate the proximate compositions of some edible insects in Zaria. Five edible insects were sampled for this study, Crickets (Branchytropes memberanacoeus), Dung beetles (Helicropris angulifera), Termites (Macrotermes nigeriensis), small Grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus) and large Grasshopper (Kraussaria angulifera). Cricket species were recorded to have the highest value for moisture (4.18%) and Ash (11.62%). Big grasshopperhad the highest value for Carbohydrate (34.08%). Termites had the highest percentage of crude protein (58.99%) and crude fiber (7.09%). Proximate composition values obtained for edible insects sampled for this work were all significant(P<0.05) except for Crude Protein. It is therefore recommended that more Termites (Macrotermes nigeriensis) should be consumed for protein and crude fat (lipid) derivation. The lipids content recorded for termites in this work were higher than those of Chicken (1.5%) and Fish (2.7-5.0%).
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Imran, Muhammad, Sang-Gu Lee, Soo-Yun Park, et al. "Influence of Environmental Factors and Genotype on Natural Variation in the Chemical Composition of Maize Seeds." Sustainability 16, no. 23 (2024): 10451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su162310451.
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It is well known that environmental factors, management strategy, and genotype can affect the composition of maize seeds. For this reason, eight maize conventional varieties from Korea were grown over three years, 2021, 2022, and 2023, in three sites, Daegu, Hongcheon, and Suwon of South Korea, to describe the natural variation in the maize seed composition. The results indicate a sizable variation in component contents such as proximate, minerals, and fatty acid among the various varieties, which was more pronounced at the Daegu and Suwon cultivation sites and varieties. Since the DO3, JDO, and KIO are the dominant varieties, showing significantly higher accumulation of proximate (14.3%, 15.2%, and 13.1%), minerals (13.1%, 16.6%, and 14.7%), amino acids (17.01%, 15.1%, and 13.5%), and fatty acids (14.3%, 13.9%, and 15.1%) components, when comparing the genotype effects on seed composition. On the other hand, a significantly higher level of seed components, such as proximate (37.2%, 33.4%), minerals (38.5%, 33.4%), amino acid (38.3%, 33.1%), and fatty acids (36.5%, 33.9%), were found in the maize seeds grown in Daegu and Suwon when compared to Hongcheon. This may be possible due to the soil geochemical properties of Daegu and Suwon. Moreover, the comparison of cultivation years did not show a significant contribution to seed composition; however, a slight or moderate difference was found between the year 2023 and the years 2021 and 2022 of cultivation. An analysis of variability percentage and a principal component analysis showed that the compositions of maize seeds were influenced by genotype, location, and the interplay between genotype and location. In conclusion, compositional diversity in maize was influenced by the interaction between genotype, location, and environment.