Dissertations / Theses: 'Proximity Interaction'

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Meyer, John. "Technological Proximity: Ambient Digital Interaction in Architecture." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1459438801.

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Thekkoodan, Dilip Joy. "Interaction of cylinders In proximity under flow-induced vibration." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/92126.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 57-59).
This study examines the influence of a stationary cylinder that is placed in proximity to a flexibly mounted cylinder in the side-by-side arrangement. The problem is investigated with an immersed-boundary formulation of a spectral/hp element based (Nektar-SPM) fluid solver. The numerical method and its implementation is validated with benchmark test cases of the flow past an isolated cylinder in both the stationary and flexibly mounted configurations. The study examines a parametric space spanning 6 center-to-center spacing configurations in the range 1.5D-4D and 13 equispaced reduced velocities in the range 3.0-9.0. The simulations are performed in two-dimensional space and the Reynolds number is held at 100. The response characteristics of the moving cylinder are classified into regimes based on the shape of the response curve and the variation of the r.m.s. lift coefficient. It is shown that the moving cylinder influences the lift and drag force characteristics on the stationary cylinder and the frequency composition in the wake. A detailed look at the frequencies and the relative strengths of the frequencies indicates a diminishing influence of the moving cylinder on the stationary cylinder, both with increasing separation and smaller amplitudes. By examining the wake patterns and monitoring the frequencies in the wake of each cylinder, the interference level is qualified and explained to be the basis of the different families of response.
by Dilip Joy Thekkoodan.
S.M.

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Soltan, Soltan. "Interaction of superconductivity and ferromagnetism in YBCO-LCMO heterostructures." Göttingen Cuvillier, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=97407683X.

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Clausson, Carl-Magnus. "Making Visible the Proximity Between Proteins." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-217772.

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Genomic DNA is the template of life - the entity which is characterized by a self-sustaining anatomical development, regulated signaling processes, the ability to reproduce and to respond to stimuli. Through what is classically known as the central dogma, the genome is transcribed into mRNA, which in turn is translated into proteins. The proteins take part in most, if not all, cellular processes, and it is by unraveling these processes that we can begin to understand life and disease-causing mechanisms. In vitro and in vivo assays are two levels at which protein communication may be studied, and which permit manipulation and control over the proteins under investigation. But in order to retrieve a representation of the processes as close to reality as possible, in situ analysis may instead be applied as a complement to the other two levels of study. In situ PLA offers the ability to survey protein activity in tissue samples and primary cell lines, at a single cell level, detecting single targets in their natural unperturbed environment. In this thesis new developments of the in situ PLA are described, along with a new technique offering in situ enzyme-free detection of proximity between biomolecules. The dynamic range of in situ PLA has now been increased by several orders of magnitude to cover analogous ranges of protein expression; the output signals have been modified to offer a greater signal-to-noise ratio and to limit false-positive-rates while also extending the dynamic range further; simultaneous detection of multiple protein complexes is now possible; proximity-HCR is presented as a robust and inexpensive enzyme-free assay for protein complex detection. The thesis also covers descriptions on how the techniques may be simultaneously applied, also together with other techniques, for the multiple data-point acquisition required by the emerging realm of systems biology. A future perspective is presented for how much more information may be simultaneously acquired from tissue samples to describe biomolecular interactions in a new manner. This will allow new types of biomarkers and drugs to be discovered, and a new holistic understanding of life.

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Marks, Eric. "Active Safety Leading Indicators for Human-Equipment Interaction on Construction Sites." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51841.

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The U.S. construction industry continues to rank as one of the most dangerous work environments when compared to other industrial sectors. Construction companies are required to record and report lagging safety leading indicators including fatalities, injuries, and illnesses. Safety leading indicators provide an opportunity to identify construction site hazards and hazardous worker behavior before a fatality, injury, or illness occurs. Further improvements are also necessary for construction safety through the use of technology. The application of advanced or emerging technologies can have a significant role in enhancing construction worker safety performance. This research seeks to report and analyze safety leading indicators, specifically near misses. Furthermore, technologies capable of providing alerts in real-time to construction equipment operators and ground workers during hazardous proximity situations are reviewed. A testing method for proximity detection and alert devices for the construction environment is presented. Operator visibility, including impacts of design components, is also measured and analyzed. One major contribution of this research is the creation of a near miss reporting program ready for implementation for construction companies. Other research contributions include understanding of impacts of design on operator visibility, scientific evaluation data of proximity sensing technology, and a test method for proximity detection and alert system deployed in the construction environment. Research findings can be disseminated for improved construction worker safety education and training.

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Laferrière, Pascal. "Instrumented Compliant Wrist System for Enhanced Robotic Interaction." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35502.

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This thesis presents the development of an instrumented compliant wrist mechanism which serves as an interface between robotic platforms and their environments in order to detect surface positions and orientations. Although inspired by similar existing devices, additional features such as noncontact distance estimations, a simplified physical structure, and wireless operation were incorporated into the design. The primary role envisioned for this mechanism was for enabling robotic manipulators to perform surface following tasks prior to contact as this was one requirement of a larger project involving inspection of surfaces. The information produced by the compliant wrist system can be used to guide robotic devices in their workspace by providing real-time proximity detection and collision detection of objects. Compliance in robotic devices has attracted the attention of many researchers due to the multitude of benefits it offers. In the scope of this work, the main advantage of compliance is that it allows rigid structures to come into contact with possibly fragile objects. Combined with instrumentation for detecting the deflections produced by this compliance, closed-loop control can be achieved, increasing the number of viable applications for an initially open-loop system. Custom fabrication of a prototype device was completed to physically test operation of the designed system. The prototype incorporates a microcontroller to govern the internal operations of the device such as sensor data collection and processing. By performing many computation tasks directly on the device, robotic controllers are able to dedicate more of their time to more important tasks such as path planning and object avoidance by using the pre-conditioned compliant device data. Extensive work has also gone into the refinement of sensor signals coming from the key infrared distance measurement sensors used in the device. A calibration procedure was developed to decrease inter-sensor variability due to the method of manufacturing of these sensors. Noise reduction in the signals is achieved via a digital filtering process. The evaluation of the performance of the device is achieved through the collection of a large amount of sensor data for use in characterisation of the sensor and overall system behavior. This comes in the form of a statistical analysis of the sensor outputs to determine signal stability and accuracy. Additionally, the operation of the device is validated by its integration onto a manipulator robot and incorporating the data generated into the robot’s control loop.

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McDonald, Timothy Myles. "Making sense of genotype x environment interaction of Pinus radiata in New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Forestry, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3222.

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In New Zealand, a formal tree improvement and breeding programme for Pinus radiata (D.Don) commenced in 1952. A countrywide series of progeny trials was progressively established on over seventy sites, and is managed by the Radiata Pine Breeding Company (RPBC). Diameter at breast height data from the series were used to investigate genotype x environment interaction with a view to establishing the need for partitioning breeding and deployment efforts for P. radiata. Nearly 300,000 measurements made this study one of the largest for genotype x environment interaction ever done. Bivariate analyses were conducted between all pairs of sites to determine genetic correlations between sites. Genetic correlations were used to construct a proximity matrix by subtracting each correlation from unity. The process of constructing the matrix highlighted issues of low connectivity between sites; whereby meaningful correlations between sites were established with just 5 % of the pairs. However, nearly two-thirds of these genetic correlations were between -1.0 and 0.6, indicating the presence of strong genotype x environment interactions. A technique known as multiple regression on resemblance matrices was carried out by regressing a number of environmental correlation matrices on the diameter at breast height correlation matrix. Genotype x environment interactions were found to be driven by extreme maximum temperatures (t-statistic of 2.03 against critical t-value of 1.96 at 95 % confidence level). When tested on its own, altitude was significant with genetic correlations between sites at the 90 % confidence level (t-statistic of 1.92 against critical t-value of 1.645). In addition, a method from Graph Theory using proximity thresholds was utilised as a form of clustering. However, this study highlighted the existence of high internal cohesion within trial series, and high external isolation between trial series. That is, grouping of sites (in terms of diameter) was observed to be a reflection of the series of trials for which each site was established. This characteristic is particularly unhelpful for partitioning sites into regions of similar propensity to genotype x environment interaction, as the genotype x environment effect is effectively over-ridden by the genotype effect. Better cohesion between past, present and future trial series, and more accurate bioclimatic data should allow more useful groupings of sites to be extracted from the data. Given this, however, it is clear that there are a large number of interactive families contained in the RPBC dataset. It is concluded that partitioning of New Zealand’s P. radiata breeding programme cannot be ruled out as an advantageous option.

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Yang, Fan. "Colocalisation et interaction des acteurs dans les parcs industriels : études de cas des parcs industriels des énergies nouvelles en Chine." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1090/document.

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Le parc industriel présente une importance prépondérante dans la littérature en science régionale et constitue un enjeu économique vital pour les pays en développement. L'expérience est d'autant plus probante que l'émergence économique de la Chine pourra s'expliquer par la construction massive des parcs industriels sur tout le territoire national depuis des années 1980. La politique chinoise des parcs industriels vise à promouvoir la croissance et l'innovation par la concentration et la mise en réseau des acteurs économiques et technologiques. Elle renvoie à la question de la colocalisation et de l'interaction, qui est étudiée par l'approche de la proximité au sujet des dynamiques localisées, et qui se renforce par une analyse des relations interpersonnelles et inter organisationnelles. Partant de cette approche, notre thèse présente trois études de cas sur les parcs industriels de Jiuquan, de Shuangliu et de Shenzhen qui ont tous une orientation sectorielle vers la manufacture des équipements pour les énergies nouvelles (éolienne, solaire et nucléaire). L'essentiel de nos données provient des entretiens semi-directifs et des observations réalisés dans deux programmes de recherche soutenus par les gouvernements locaux de la province du Gansu en Chine. Nos études empiriques nous permettent notamment d'explorer la dynamique des parcs industriels chinois fondée sur les planifications (spatiale et sectorielle) et les réformes institutionnelles, l'importance des réseaux sociaux (Guanxi) au niveau local, la relativisation des dynamiques de coordination par la stratégie d'intégration et par la rivalité entre entreprises locales du même secteur
As a crucial economic issue for developing countries, the industrial park has a significant importance in regional science literature. Since the 1980s, China's economic emergence is related to the massive construction of industrial parks throughout the entire national territory. The Chinese industrial park policy aims to promote economic growth and innovation by concentrating and networking the economic and technological actors. It refers to the issue of colocation and interaction, which is studied by the proximity approach about localized dynamics, and which is reinforced by an analysis of interpersonal and inter-organizational relations. Based on this approach, our thesis provides three case studies about industrial parks of Jiuquan, Shuangliu and Shenzhen who all have a sectoral focus on manufacture of new energy equipments (wind, solar and nuclear). Our data comes mainly from semi-structured interviews and observations that were conducted during two research programs with the support of local governments in Gansu Province. The empirical studies allow us to explore the dynamic of Chinese industrial parks based on planning (spatial and sectoral) and institutional innovation, the importance of social networks (Guanxi) at local level, the relativization of coordination dynamics by the integration strategy and rivalry between local firms in the same sector

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Li, Xinbao Wilson. "The interaction effects of social presence, recipient availability, urgency, relationship, and proximity on media selection : a cost minimization analysis." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2004. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/520.

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Broström, Anders. "Strategists and Academics : Essays on interaction in R&D." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Transporter och samhällsekonomi (stängd 20110301), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10259.

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This doctoral thesis consists of five self-contained essays on interaction in R&D between university researchers and private firms. Together, these essays explore the conditions under which private firms benefit from spillovers from publicly funded and organised research. From the first essay, which sets out to empirically validate the theoretical arguments about the benefits of university-industry interaction for private firms, the thesis follows a line of pursuit that goes back and forth between exploration of the different benefits that firms enjoy from university interaction and the relationships between these benefits and the conditions of interaction. In essay II, a typology of rationales for establishing cooperative relations is presented. A considerable breadth of interaction rationales is documented, but on closer examination, a “core” set of rationales related to innovation in terms of invented or improved products or processes are found to be the main drivers of interaction. Developing this view, three critical issues previously studied within innovation economics are re-considered from the point of view of firm rationales for interaction; public co-funding of university-firm interaction (essay II), the role of geographic proximity for interaction on R&D (essay III) and the organisation of public sector research (public research institutes and universities) in relation to firm level competences (essay IV). In a fifth essay, four ideal types of strategy for localised interaction between R&D subsidiaries and universities are proposed. Through the framework developed in this essay, the rationales for interaction are related to the overall R&D strategy of multinational firms. Concluding the thesis, it is discussed how the research presented herein opens up for improved theorizing around the roles of academic research for industrial innovation.
QC 20100706

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Serio, Francesco Pio. "Progettazione e sviluppo di un sistema Indoor Assistant basato su tecnologia Beacon." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13788/.

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In questa tesi vengono descritte le tecnologie dell'Indoor Geolocalization e Beacon, fornendo un'ampia rassegna circa il loro funzionamento e le applicazioni nei vari settori. Successivamente viene presentato il progetto realizzato che consiste in un'applicazione per dispositivi mobili con sistema operativo Android. Il sistema è in grado di geolocalizzare l'utente in ambienti indoor e di introdurre una serie di funzionalità context-aware all'interno di un'area geofence delineata dall'utente.

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Webster, Keith Gordon. "Investigation of Close Proximity Underwater Explosion Effects on a Ship-Like Structure Using the Multi-Material Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian Finite Element Method." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31077.

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This thesis investigates the characteristics of a close proximity underwater explosion and its effect on a ship-like structure. Finite element model tests are conducted to verify and validate the propagation of a pressure wave generated by an underwater explosion through a fluid medium, and the transmission of the pressure wave in the fluid to a structure using the Multi-Material Arbitrary Lagrangian/Eulerian method. A one dimensional case modeling the detonation of a spherical TNT charge underwater is investigated. Three dimensional cases modeling the detonation of an underwater spherical TNT charge, and US Navy Blast Test cases modeling a shape charge and a circular steel plate, and a shape charge and a Sandwich Plate System (SPS) are also investigated. This thesis provides evidence that existing tools and methodologies have some capability for predicting early-time/close proximity underwater explosion effects, but are insufficient for analyses beyond the arrival of the initial shock wave. This thesis shows that a true infinite boundary condition, a modified Gruneisen equation of state near the charge, and the ability to capture shock without a very small element size is needed in order to provide a sufficient means for predicting early-time/close proximity underwater explosion effects beyond the arrival of the initial shock wave.
Master of Science

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Ögüz, Özgür S. [Verfasser], Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] Wollherr, Abderrahmane [Gutachter] Kheddar, and Dirk [Gutachter] Wollherr. "Natural Human-Robot Interaction in Close Proximity: A Human-in-the-Center Approach / Özgür S. Ögüz ; Gutachter: Abderrahmane Kheddar, Dirk Wollherr ; Betreuer: Dirk Wollherr." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1175091855/34.

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Walters, Michael L. "The design space for robot appearance and behaviour for social robot companions." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/1806.

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To facilitate necessary task-based interactions and to avoid annoying or upsetting people a domestic robot will have to exhibit appropriate non-verbal social behaviour. Most current robots have the ability to sense and control for the distance of people and objects in their vicinity. An understanding of human robot proxemic and associated non-verbal social behaviour is crucial for humans to accept robots as domestic or servants. Therefore, this thesis addressed the following hypothesis: Attributes of robot appearance, behaviour, task context and situation will affect the distances that people will find comfortable between themselves and a robot. Initial exploratory Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) experiments replicated human-human studies into comfortable approach distances with a mechanoid robot in place of one of the human interactors. It was found that most human participants respected the robot's interpersonal space and there were systematic differences for participants' comfortable approach distances to robots with different voice styles. It was proposed that greater initial comfortable approach distances to the robot were due to perceived inconsistencies between the robots overall appearance and voice style. To investigate these issues further it was necessary to develop HRI experimental set-ups, a novel Video-based HRI (VHRI) trial methodology, trial data collection methods and analytical methodologies. An exploratory VHRI trial then investigated human perceptions and preferences for robot appearance and non-verbal social behaviour. The methodological approach highlighted the holistic and embodied nature of robot appearance and behaviour. Findings indicated that people tend to rate a particular behaviour less favourably when the behaviour is not consistent with the robot’s appearance. A live HRI experiment finally confirmed and extended from these previous findings that there were multiple factors which significantly affected participants preferences for robot to human approach distances. There was a significant general tendency for participants to prefer either a tall humanoid robot or a short mechanoid robot and it was suggested that this may be due to participants internal or demographic factors. Participants' preferences for robot height and appearance were both found to have significant effects on their preferences for live robot to Human comfortable approach distances, irrespective of the robot type they actually encountered. The thesis confirms for mechanoid or humanoid robots, results that have previously been found in the domain of human-computer interaction (cf. Reeves & Nass (1996)), that people seem to automatically treat interactive artefacts socially. An original empirical human-robot proxemic framework is proposed in which the experimental findings from the study can be unified in the wider context of human-robot proxemics. This is seen as a necessary first step towards the desired end goal of creating and implementing a working robot proxemic system which can allow the robot to: a) exhibit socially acceptable social spatial behaviour when interacting with humans, b) interpret and gain additional valuable insight into a range of HRI situations from the relative proxemic behaviour of humans in the immediate area. Future work concludes the thesis.

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Konschelle, François. "Supraconductivité en présence de forts effets paramagnétique et spin-orbite." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00517920.

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L'état supraconducteur étant un condensat de paires de Cooper constitué d'électrons de moments et de spins opposés, il peut être fortement influencé par des effets de spin. Au cours de cette thèse, nous étudions l'effet d'un fort champ d'échange et d'un effet spin-orbite de type Rashba sur les propriétés supraconductrices. Dans une première partie, on étudie les effets associés à l'interaction entre supraconductivité et fort champ d'échange, se caractérisant par une transition de phase vers un état supraconducteur inhomogène découvert par Fulde, Ferrell, Larkin et Ovchinnikov (FFLO). On étudie tout particulièrement les fluctuations supraconductrices à l'approche de la transition de phase. On montre que ces fluctuations peuvent servir de révélateur à cette phase. Notamment, la capacité calorifique et la paraconductivité divergent de façon caractéristique à la transition vers un état modulé. On décrit également comment les effets paramagnétiques modifient les fluctuations de l'aimantation, annulant la réponse diamagnétique ou produisant des oscillations entre réponse para- et dia-magnétique. La seconde partie est dévolue aux jonctions supraconducteur-ferromagnétique (S/F). Dans les jonctions Josephson S/F/S, le champ d'échange donne lieu à des oscillations du courant critique en fonction de la longueur de la jonction, charactérisées par une alternance des états 0 et π. On prédit une transition entre les états 0 et π induite par la température, même dans la limite ballistique. Dans cette limite ballistique, on montre également que le courant de Josephson s'atténu sous la forme de lois de puissance en fonction de la longueur de la jonction, alors que le cas diffusif présente une atténuation exponentielle. On étudie ensuite la seconde harmonique de la relation courant-phase en présence d'une faible quantité d'impuretés. La dernière partie traite des effets de proximité lorsque les deux effets paramagnétique et spin-orbite sont présents dans une jonction Josephson. On montre que l'association d'une interaction Rashba et d'un champ d'échange induit un couplage direct entre les ordres magnétique et supraconducteur. En particulier, ce couplage permet de générer toute la dynamique magnétique par l'application d'une simple tension électrique.

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Weibrecht, Irene. "Visualizing Interacting Biomolecules In Situ." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Molekylära verktyg, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-151579.

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Intra- and intercellular information is communicated by posttranslational modifications (PTMs) and protein-protein interactions, transducing information over cell membranes and to the nucleus. A cells capability to respond to stimuli by several highly complex and dynamic signaling networks provides the basis for rapid responses and is fundamental for the cellular collaborations required in a multicellular organism. Having received diverse stimuli, being positioned at various stages of the cell cycle or, for the case of cancer, containing altered genetic background, each cell in a population is slightly different from its neighbor. However, bulk analyses of interactions will only reveal an average, but not the true variation within a population. Thus studies of interacting endogenous biomolecules in situ are essential to acquire a comprehensive view of cellular functions and communication. In situ proximity ligation assay (in situ PLA) was developed to investigate individual endogenous protein-protein interactions in fixed cells and tissues and was later applied for detection for PTMs. Progression of signals in a pathway can branch out in different directions and induce expression of different target genes. Hence simultaneous measurement of protein activity and gene expression provides a tool to determine the balance and progression of these signaling events. To obtain this in situ PLA was combined with padlock probes, providing an assay that can interrogate both PTMs and mRNA expression at a single cell level. Thereby different nodes of the signaling pathway as well as drug effects on different types of molecules could be investigated simultaneously. In addition to regulation of gene expression, protein-DNA interactions present a mechanism to manage accessibility of the genomic DNA in an inheritable manner, providing the basis for lineage commitment, via e.g. histone PTMs. To enable analyses of protein-DNA interactions in situ we developed a method that utilizes the proximity dependence of PLA and the sequence selectivity of padlock probes. This thesis presents new methods providing researchers with a set of tools to address cellular functions and communication in complex microenvironments, to improve disease diagnostics and to contribute to hopefully finding cures.

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Beteinaki, Eleftheria. "Structures, processes and outcomes in preschool units with high and low proportions of second language learners of Swedish : A Comparative Study." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Jönköping University, HLK, CHILD, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49627.

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Second language learners (SLLs) are students at risk for negative outcomes in preschool. Theoretical statements from systems theory and the ecological model of inclusive education indicate that a main focus of interest when supporting children should be the preschool environment that surrounds them. The purpose of this study is to describe and compare structures and processes in preschool settings that are presupposed by theory to have an impact on children’s functioning, along with children’s outcomes in preschool units with different proportions of SLLs. A combination of questionnaire data and data from observations were used in order to describe and compare the structure of child-teacher ratio, the process-related variables of teachers’ tone, children’s proximity and verbal interaction and lastly the outcomes of involvement and social interactions in different play types between the units. Data were analyzed with independent sample t-tests and the results revealed that units with different proportions of SLLs differ regarding processes and outcomes but not the structure of child-teacher ratio. Teachers’ tone in units with low proportion of SLLs was more positive and children were more verbal to the teacher while children in units with high proportions of SLL, had more self-talk/ private speech, less social-interactions and associative play, and lower levels of involvement. The differentiations in processes and children outcomes, along with the non-differences in child-teacher ratios between units with high and low proportions of SLLs highlight the need for further research in the field in order to investigate which environmental factors affect children outcomes in attempts to intervene and safeguard inclusiveness.

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De, Miguel de Blas Marta. "Impact de la proximité identitaire « publics-musée d'art » sur la fréquentation des lieux culturels : le cas des musées d’art." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCG004/document.

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La valeur qu’attachent les individus à l’égard d’un objet culturel peut être expliquée, entre autres, par leur projet identitaire d’appartenance à un groupe. Cette thèse propose de nouvelles orientations stratégiques muséales permettant d’augmenter la fréquentation muséale, de changer le rapport du musée d’art aux publics et d’attirer ainsi d’autres individus.Cette recherche a permis la conceptualisation de la proximité identitaire « publics-musée d’art », la confirmation de ses dimensions et antécédents, et enfin, l’analyse de la relation entre la proximité identitaire « publics-musée d’art » et la fréquentation. Par ailleurs, le développement d’une échelle de mesure de la proximité identitaire « publics-musée d’art » a élargi le cadre théorique des phénomènes d’identification et de leurs conséquences. Finalement la thèse propose des leviers d’action pour faciliter l’accès à l’art. Les musées ont intérêt à développer globalement une stratégie de proximité identitaire « publics-musée d’art » fondée sur le partage de caractéristiques communes et sur des dimensions affectives orientées vers toutes les catégories de publics. Plus particulièrement, les publics habitués seraient sensibles à des stratégies de rapprochement fondées sur le lien social et sur le partage de caractéristiques identitaires avec l’offre muséale ; les visiteurs occasionnels se rapprochent d’un musée d’art en étant le plus souvent accompagnés, et ressentent des émotions positives dans ces lieux ; et enfin une stratégie orientée vers le non public devrait permettre la valorisation de l’individu par rapport aux autres personnes de leur entourage
The value that individuals attach to a cultural object can be explained, among other things, by their identity project of belonging to a group. This thesis proposes new strategic orientations for museums that increase museum attendance, change the relationship of the art museum with the public and attract other individuals.This research allowed the conceptualization of the proximity of the "public-art museum" identity, the confirmation of its dimensions and antecedents, and finally the analysis of the relationship between the "public-art museum" identity proximity and the art museum attendance. Moreover, the development of a "public-art museum" identity proximity scale, offers to broaden the theoretical framework of the identification phenomena and its consequences.Finally, the thesis proposes levers of action to facilitate access to art. It is in the interest of museums to develop a strategy of "public-art museum" identity proximity based on the sharing of common characteristics and affective dimensions oriented towards all categories of public. In particular, the regular audiences would be sensitive to strategies of rapprochement based on the social bond and the sharing of identity characteristics with the museum offer. The occasional visitors feel closer to an art museum when being most often accompanied, and feel positive emotions in these places. And finally, a non-public-oriented strategy should enable the individual to be highly considered by other people in their environment

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Mendes, Tiago. "Identification of the modulators of and the molecular pathways involved in the BIN1-Tau interaction." Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S033/document.

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Les principales caractéristiques neuropathologiques de la maladie d’Alzheimer (MA) sont les plaques séniles extracellulaires composées de peptide amyloïde β (Aβ) et les enchevêtrements neurofibrillaires intracellulaires composés de Tau hyperphosphorylé. Les mécanismes conduisant à la formation de ces lésions sont encore peu connus et le laboratoire a récemment caractériser le gène “bridging integrator 1” (BIN1), deuxième facteur de risque génétique le plus associé au risque de MA, comme facteur de risque potentiellement associé à la pathologie Tau. Une interaction entre les deux protéines a été décrite in vitro et in vivo suggérant que BIN1 pourrait être impliqué dans le développement de la pathologie associée à Tau dans le cadre de la MA. Cependant, ce rôle de l'interaction BIN1-Tau dans le processus pathophysiologique de la MA n'est pas connu et il reste ainsi à déterminer si cette interaction constitue une cible thérapeutique potentielle. Ce projet a visé alors à mieux comprendre les acteurs de cette interaction en identifiant les modulateurs et les voies moléculaires impliquées dans le contrôle de l'interaction BIN1-Tau, puis de déterminer comment cette interaction est modulée dans le contexte de la MA. Nous avons utilisé pour cela des approches complémentaires de biochimie, de résonance magnétique nucléaire et de microscopie confocale. Comme modèle cellulaire, des cultures primaires de neurones de rat ont été utilisées, et la méthode “proximity ligation assay” (PLA) a été développée comme approche principale pour observer l'interaction BIN1-Tau dans ces cellules. Nous avons déterminé que l'interaction se produit entre les domaines SH3 de BIN1 et le PRD de Tau et nous avons démontré que l’interaction est modulée par la phosphorylation de Tau et BIN1: la phosphorylation de la Thréonine 231 de Tau diminue son interaction avec BIN1, tandis que la phosphorylation de BIN1 à la Thréonine 348 (T348) augmente son interaction avec Tau. Nous avons mis au point une approche de criblage d’haut contenu semi-automatisée et basé sur une bibliothèque de composés commerciaux. Ce criblage s’est basé sur des cultures primaires de neurones comme modèle cellulaire et le PLA pour détecter l'interaction BIN1-Tau. Nous avons identifié plusieurs composés capables de moduler l'interaction BIN1-Tau, notamment U0126, un inhibiteur de MEK-1/2, qui diminue cette interaction, et la cyclosporine A, un inhibiteur de la calcineurine, qui au contraire augmente celle-ci en augmentant la phosphorylation de T348 de BIN1. Par ailleurs les “Cyclin-dependent kinases” (CDK) ont été montré comme contrôlant aussi ce site de phosphorylation. Nous avons donc mis en évidence le couple Calcineurine/CDK comme contrôlant la phosphorylation T348 de Bin1 et donc l’interaction BIN1-Tau. Nous avons également développé un modèle murin de tauopathie dans lequel nous avons surexprimé BIN1 humain. Nous avons observé que la surexpression de BIN1 résorbait les déficits de mémoire à long terme et réduisait la présence d'inclusions intracellulaires de Tau phosphorylée, provoquées par la surexpression de Tau, ce qui était associé à une augmentation de l'interaction BIN1-Tau. En utilisant des échantillons de cerveau humain post-mortem, nous avons observé que les niveaux de l’isoforme BIN1 neuronal étaient diminués dans les cerveaux d’AD, alors que les niveaux relatifs de BIN1 phosphorylé à T348 étaient augmentés, suggérant un mécanisme compensatoire. Cette étude a démontré la complexité et la dynamique de l’interaction BIN1-Tau dans les neurones, a révélé des modulateurs et des voies moléculaires potentiellement impliquées dans cette interaction, et a montré que les variations de l’expression ou de l’activité de BIN1 ont des effets directs sur l’apprentissage et la mémoire, possiblement liés à la régulation de son interaction avec Tau
The main neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are the extracellular senile plaques composed of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and the intracellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated Tau. The mechanisms leading to the formation of these lesions is not well understood and our lab has recently characterized the bridging integrator 1 (BIN1) gene, the second most associated genetic risk factor of AD and the first genetic risk factor to have a potential link to Tau pathology. The interaction between BIN1 and Tau proteins has been described in vitro and in vivo, which suggests that BIN1 might help us to understand Tau pathology in the context of AD. However, the role of BIN1-Tau interaction in the pathophysiological process of AD is not known, and whether this interaction is a potential therapeutic target remains to be determined. The aim of this project is to better understand the actors of BIN1-Tau interaction through the identification of the modulators and the molecular pathways involved therein, as well as to understand how BIN1-Tau interaction is modulated in the context of AD. We employed biochemistry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and confocal microscopy. We used rat primary neuronal cultures (PNC) as the cellular model and developed the proximity ligation assay (PLA) as the main readout of the BIN1-Tau interaction in cultured neurons. We determined that the interaction occurs between BIN1’s SH3 domain and Tau’s PRD domain, and demonstrated that it is modulated by Tau and BIN1 phosphorylation: phosphorylation of Tau at Threonine 231 decreases its interaction with BIN1, while phosphorylation of BIN1 at Threonine 348 (T348) increases its interaction with Tau. We developed a novel, semi-automated high content screening (HCS) assay based on a commercial compound library, also using PNC as the cellular model and PLA as the readout of BIN1-Tau interaction. We identified several compounds that are able to modulate the BIN1-Tau interaction, most notably U0126, an inhibitor of MEK-1/2, which reduced the interaction, and Cyclosporin A, an inhibitor of Calcineurin, which increased the interaction through increasing the BIN1 phosphorylation at T348. Furthermore, Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) were also shown as regulator of this phosphorylation site. These results suggest that the couple Calcineurin/CDK regulates BIN1 phosphorylation at T348 and consequently the BIN1-Tau interaction. We also developed a mouse model of tauopathy in which we overexpressed human BIN1. We observed that the overexpression of BIN1 rescued the long-term memory deficits and reduced the presence of intracellular inclusions of phosphorylated Tau, caused by Tau overexpression, and this was associated with an increase of BIN1-Tau interaction. Also, using post-mortem human brain samples, we observed that the levels of the neuronal BIN1 isoform were decreased in AD brains, whereas the relative levels of BIN1 phosphorylated at T348 were increased, suggesting a compensatory mechanism. Altogether, this study demonstrated the complexity and the dynamics of BIN1-Tau interaction in neurons, revealed modulators of and molecular pathways potentially involved in this interaction, and showed that variations in BIN1 expression or activity have direct effects on learning and memory, possibly linked to the regulation of its interaction with Tau

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20

Peric, Milena. "Nonlinear wave interactions with multiple bodies in close proximity." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9534.

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This thesis describes the interaction of waves with multiple bodies in close proximity. The case of two-dimensional fixed bodies is first considered, where large wave excitation is found to occur within the gap between the two bodies at the so-called resonance frequency. The width of the gap is identified as the most important factor in determining this frequency; an increase in the gap width leading to a decrease in the resonance frequency. Subsequently, the effect of the motion of one of the bodies (with a single degree of freedom) is investigated using a newly developed floating-body application of the boundary element method. In the floating-body case, the resonance frequency is found be higher than in the fixed-body equivalent. In addition, a large amplification of the nonlinear water surface elevation within the gap is identified. In order to determine whether the observations within the two-dimensional study can be applied to the practical case of side-by-side offloading of Liquid Natural Gas (LNG), similar investigations are undertaken in a three-dimensional analysis. The latter involves both numerical and experimental studies. The three-dimensional studies confirm the effects identified in the two-dimensional analysis; specifically the effects of the gap width, the motion of one of the bodies, and the nonlinear effects arising within the gap are all clearly established. Furthermore, consideration of both beam-sea and head-sea incident wave conditions eliminates the orientation of the bodies relative to the incident wave direction as a key factor in determining the resonance frequency. Finally, consideration of the motion of the bodies shows that some unexpected higher order motion of the moored body arises when the two bodies have significantly different hydrodynamic properties. As a result, it is concluded that the numerical modelling of side-by-side offloading must be fully nonlinear, incorporate the body motion and include the forcing of the fenders and the mooring lines.

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Andriamoratsiresy, Dina. "Le récepteur de l’acide rétinoïque alpha (RAR-α) : nouveau rôle dans l’adhésion des fibroblastes." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ092/document.

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Les récepteurs de l’acide rétinoïque, RARα, β et γ sont des facteurs de transcription dépendants du ligand qui contrôlent l’expression de gènes spécifiques. Cependant, il s’avère depuis peu que les RAR ont aussi des effets non-transcriptionnels extranucléaires. Durant ma thèse, j’ai observé que (1) les fibroblastes invalidés pour tous les RAR ont un cytosquelette d’actine perturbé et ont perdu leurs propriétés d’adhésion (2) RARα interagit via son motif riche en proline N-terminal avec la profiline 2a (PFN2a) qui est un régulateur critique de l’élongation des filaments d’actine du cytosquelette. J’ai montré que : (1) Les RAR contrôlent la morphologie, l’adhésion et la migration des MEF via la régulation transcriptionnelle de l’expression de gènes codant pour des protéines d’adhésion (2) Dans le cytoplasme, RARα forme avec PFN2a des complexes dont le nombre contrôle le réseau d’actine et l’adhésion des MEF via un mécanisme non transcriptionnel. Ces observations mettent en exergue l’importance de la combinaison des effets génomiques et non-génomiques des RAR dans l’adhésion des cellules et ouvrent de nouvelles possibilités de dérégulation du fonctionnement des RAR dans certaines pathologies
Retinoic acid receptors, RARα, β and γ are ligand-dependent transcription factors that control the expression of specific genes. However, growing evidence indicates that RARs also have extranuclear and non transcriptional effects. During my thesis, I observed that (1) fibroblasts invalidated for all RARs depict a disrupted actin cytoskeleton and have lost their adhesion properties (2) RARα interacts through its N-terminal proline rich motif with profilin2a (PFN2a) a critical regulator of actin filaments elongation. I have shown that: (1) RARs control the morphology, adhesion and migration of MEFs via controlling at the transcriptional level the expression of adhesion genes (2) In the cytosol, RARα forms complexes with PFN2a. The number of these complexes controls the actin network and the adhesion of MEFs via a non-transcriptional mechanism. These observations highlight the importance of the combined genomic and non-genomic effects of RARs in cell adhesion, and open new avenues for RARs deregulations in certain pathology

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22

Ustek, Dilan. "Designing zooming interactions for small displays with a proximity sensor." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62656.

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Small, high resolution touchscreens open new possibilities for wearable and embedded applications, but are a mismatch for interactions requiring appreciable movement on the screen surface. For example, multi-touch or large-scroll zooming actions suffer from occlusion and difficulties in accessing or resolving large zoom ranges or selecting small targets. Meanwhile, emerging technologies have the potential to combine many capabilities, e.g., touch- and proximity-sensitivity, flexibility and transparency. A current challenge is to develop interaction techniques that can exploit the capabilities of these new materials to solve interaction challenges presented by trends such as miniaturization and wearability such as tiny screens that only one finger of one hand can fit on. To this end, Zed-zooming exploits the capabilities of emerging near-proximity sensors to address these problems, by mapping finger height above a control surface to image size. The EZ-Zoom technique adds the pseudohaptic illusion of an elastic finger-screen connection, by exploiting non-linear scaling functions to provide a usage metaphor. In a two-part user study, we compared EZ-Zoom to touchscreen standard pinch-to-zoom on smartphone and smartwatch screens, and found (a) a significant improvement in task time and preference for the smallest screen (equivalent task time for the smartphone); and (b) that the illusion improved users' reported sense of control, provided cues about the interaction's spatial extent and dynamics, and made the interaction more natural. From our experience with the study, we conclude requirements for the development of proximity sensors in order to afford such interactions. Our work goes on to reflect on how zed-zooming can be incorporated into seamless interaction tasks. We aim to identify some characteristics of a zooming interaction that would need to be considered when designing a complete one, and explore how these characteristics play into a complete and usable zooming interaction.
Science, Faculty of
Computer Science, Department of
Graduate

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23

Leuchowius, Karl-Johan. "High Content Analysis of Proteins and Protein Interactions by Proximity Ligation." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Molekylära verktyg, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-119530.

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Fundamental to all biological processes is the interplay between biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. Studies of interactions should therefore be more informative than mere detection of expressed proteins. Preferably, such studies should be performed in material that is as biologically and clinically relevant as possible, i.e. in primary cells and tissues. In addition, to be able to take into account the heterogeneity of such samples, the analyses should be performed in situ to retain information on the sub-cellular localization where the interactions occur, enabling determination of the activity status of individual cells and allowing discrimination between e.g. tumor cells and surrounding stroma. This requires assays with an utmost level of sensitivity and selectivity. Taking these issues into consideration, the in situ proximity-ligation assay (in situ PLA) was developed, providing localized detection of proteins, protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications in fixed cells and tissues. The high sensitivity and selectivity afforded by the assay's requirement for dual target recognition in combination with powerful signal amplification enables visualization of single protein molecules in intact single cells and tissue sections. To further increase the usefulness and application of in situ PLA, the assay was adapted to high content analysis techniques such as flow cytometry and high content screening. The use of in situ PLA in flow cytometry offers the possibility for high-throughput analysis of cells in solution with the unique characteristics offered by the assay. For high content screening, it was demonstrated that in situ PLA can enable cell-based drug screening of compounds affecting post-translational modifications and protein-protein interactions in primary cells, offering superior abilities over current assays. The methods presented in this thesis provide powerful new tools to study proteins in genetically unmodified cells and tissues, and should offer exciting new possibilities for molecular biology, diagnostics and drug discovery.

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Qi, Xin. "Identification of TbRP2-interacting proteins using proximity-dependent biotinylation (BioID)." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2017. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/89566/.

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The protein RP2 is a tubulin cofactor C-domain containing protein with important roles in ciliogenesis. In humans, mutations in the RP2 gene are associated with 10-15% of cases of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa; a devastating disease characterised by progressive degeneration of retinal photoreceptors. Although XRP2 was initially proposed to function as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for tubulin, evidence now suggests that it acts as a GAP for Arl3 (a small GTPase) and together with Arl3 is involved in trafficking proteins to the cilium. I have been studying RP2 function in the flagellated protist Trypanosoma brucei, a tractable model to study eukaryotic flagellum assembly but also a parasite of medical and veterinary importance in subSaharan Africa. Thus, the study of RP2 in trypanosomes has relevance for parasitology, but also the human inherited disease retinitis pigmentosa. However, important differences exist between XRP2 and TbRP2, for instance TbRP2 lacks the consensus sequence specifying N terminal myristoylation (a modification that targets XRP2 to the basal body in mammalian cells) but rather utilises twinned TOF-LisH motifs at the Nterminus of the protein to direct basal body targeting. To further interrogate the targeting and function of TbRP2, I employed proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID), in combination with quantitative proteomic (SILAC) techniques, to identify putative TbRP2-interacting proteins in vivo. A selected cohort of these proteins were subsequently interrogated by bioinformatics, localised within the cell using a PCR only (pPOT) YFP-tagging strategy and their potential roles in flagellum formation interrogated using inducible RNA interference (RNAi). My studies identified: (i) an Arl3-related protein as the likely molecular client of TbRP2 GAP activity; (ii) the trypanosome mature basal body as a hub for molecular chaperone activity associated with eukaryotic flagellum assembly; and (iii) insight into lineage-specific aspects of basal body biogenesis, as illustrated by the unusual spatial and temporal inheritance of large, trypanosomatid-specific protein of unknown function (TbBBP590).

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Leite, Melina da Silveira. "Jornalismo de proximidade configurado pelos sentidos das interações no facebook: um estudo dos processos no diário popular." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2018. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/7047.

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Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-05-10T13:01:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Melina da Silveira Leite_.pdf: 2155817 bytes, checksum: 2306c73633e1be53a5bf3e035165612a (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-10T13:01:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Melina da Silveira Leite_.pdf: 2155817 bytes, checksum: 2306c73633e1be53a5bf3e035165612a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-02
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O presente trabalho tem como proposta estudar como ocorrem os vínculos entre leitores e um jornal, o Diário Popular, localizado no interior do Rio Grande do Sul, na cidade de Pelotas e que abrange uma mesma região, a zona Sul do estado, através da página do veículo no Facebook. Investigamos de que forma esses leitores significam os acontecimentos locais, a partir de interação com o jornal. Para isso, levamos em conta os processos de jornalismo em redes digitais e estudamos questões pertinentes à proximidade e territorialidade, além de acontecimento, redes sociais digitais e interação. Utilizamos como principais metodologias a análise de construção de sentidos em redes digitais e entrevista. Pudemos identificar a partir do nosso recorte, que existem diferentes tipos de interação entre leitores e jornal, as quais categorizamos como afetação – argumento, afetação – passionalidade, prestimosidade e sociabilidade e que, o leitor, a partir de características de proximidade territoriais, identifica-se com os acontecimentos locais e regionais.
The present study aims to verify the links between readers and a newspaper. The newspaper studied was Diário Popular, which is located in the country side of Rio Grande do Sul, in the city of Pelotas. The newspaper cover, the southern part of the state, through the Facebook’s page. We investigated how these readers signify local events, from the interaction with the newspaper. For this, we considerated the processes of journalism in digital networks and we study issues related to proximity and territoriality, as well as events, digital social networks and interaction. The methodology used was the analysis of sense construction in digital networks and interview. From our clipping, we identified that there are different types of interaction between readers and newspapers, categorized as affectation - argument, affectation - passion, helpfulness and sociability. Which the readers, based on characteristics of territorial proximity, find themselves in local and regional events.

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Nong, Rachel Yuan. "Proximity Ligation Assays for Disease Biomarkers Analysis." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Molekylära verktyg, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-158634.

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One of the pressing needs in the field of disease biomarker discovery is new technologies that could allow high performance protein analysis in different types of clinical material, such as blood and solid tissues. This thesis includes four approaches that address important limitations of current technologies, thus enabling highly sensitive, specific and parallel protein measurements. Paper I describes a method for sensitive singleplex protein detection in complex biological samples, namely solid phase proximity ligation assay (SP-PLA). SP-PLA exhibited improved sensitivity compared to conventional sandwich immunoassays. We applied SP-PLA to validate the potential of GDF-15 as a biomarker for cardiovascular disease. Paper II describes ProteinSeq, a multiplexed immunoassay based on the principle of SP-PLA, for parallel detection of 36 proteins using next-generation sequencing as readout. ProteinSeq exhibited improved sensitivity compared to multiplexed sandwich immunoassays, and the potential to achieve even higher levels of multiplexing while preserving a high sensitivity and specificity. We applied ProteinSeq to analyze 36 proteins, including one internal control, in 5 μl of plasma samples in a cohort of patients with cardiovascular disease and healthy controls. Paper III describes PLA-DTM, a strategy for recording all possible interactions between sets of proteins in clinical samples. Individual proteins and their interactions are first encoded to dual barcoded DNA by PLA, and the barcodes are interrogated by a method named dual tag microarray (DTM). We applied the method for studying interactions among protein members of the NFκB signaling pathway. Paper IV describes a novel probing strategy for analyzing individual biomolecules in solution or in situ. The technique employs a new class of probes for unfolding proximity ligation assays - uPLA probes. The probes are designed so that each probe set is sufficient in forming and replicating circular DNA reporter, without interactions among themselves when incubated with the sample. The uPLA probing strategy provides ease in the design of multiple probe sets in parallelized assays while enhancing the specificity of detection. We used the uPLA probes to detect various targets, including synthetic DNA and cancer-related transcripts in situ.

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Harris, Beth. "Paraprofessional Proximity and Decision Making During Interactions of Students with Visual Impairments." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195989.

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This study examined two aspects of the use of paraprofessionals with students with visual impairments: 1) the effect of paraprofessional proximity on the students' interactions with peers and teachers in the regular education classroom, and 2) factors that may influence a paraprofessional's decision to interact or not interact with a student with a visual impairment. The four student/paraprofessional case studies included data collected by means of classroom observations, demographic forms, and semi-structured interviews. The classroom observation data were analyzed using the chi-square statistics to determine relationships between paraprofessional proximity and classroom activity setting, interaction participants, interaction initiators, and type of interaction that occurred. The data collected through the interviews were coded to determine themes. The data from all the case studies were cross analyzed to determine relationships and themes across cases.Proximity of paraprofessionals to students with visual impairments in the regular education classroom appears to have an effect on the interactions that occur between students with visual impairments, peers, and teachers. More interactions occurred between students and peers and between students and teachers when paraprofessionals were at a distance. Also, when paraprofessionals were at a distance, peers and teachers were more likely to initiate interactions with students with visual impairments.The decision making process for paraprofessionals is complicated. Factors that may influence how paraprofessionals make decisions concerning students with visual impairments were professional experience, personal experience, education level and type, and how roles and responsibilities were defined. All the paraprofessionals in the study indicated at some point during data collection the need to promote independence in their students.

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Peper, Jonas [Verfasser]. "Proximity and Affinity based Analysis of Cardiac Caveolin Protein Interactions / Jonas Peper." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1228364419/34.

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Mitthalal, Dipesh Dugar. "Social Proximity Indicator Application Enhancing Personalization for the User : A User Centric Multimodal Smartphone based Social Proximity Indicator." Thesis, KTH, Radio Systems Laboratory (RS Lab), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147677.

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The smartphone has become an important part of our daily life. It takes advantage of multiple built-in sensors, along with internet connectivity, to provide a variety of services including navigation, weather forecasts, media capturing/sharing, and many more. The smartphone has become a hub for our social interactions, ranging from traditional voice communications through messaging, to online social networking. There are endless possibilities for a new generation of applications that automatically adapts according to users’ social affinities. The key enabler is to understand the social profile of the user and to realize a Social Proximity Indicator (SPI). This indicator of a user’s social profile includes the user’s location, preferences, common friends, frequent interactions among friends, community membership, and many more attributes. This project addresses the exploitation of the user’s smartphone as a detector of these user’s social contexts in order to infer the social proximity between any 2 (or more) people. The goal of this social proximity indicator is to identify the (current) set of smartphone users that would want to participate in an application specific activity, such as media sharing, group conversation, etc. SPI identifies users based on their social interactions and common preferences. Based on this SPI, a photo sharing application is proposed and built for the Android smartphone platform. This application uses multiple physical and virtual sensors (hosted by the user’s smartphone) to determine the context of the user. After inferring this context, the application initiates photo sharing among an identified group sharing this context. The application, as well as the underlying code, theoretical concepts, and results are presented in this thesis. The experiments conducted during this thesis project indicate that it is feasible to build smartphone based social proximity based applications in which proximity incorporates much more than simply physical location, thus going beyond existing applications.
Smartphone har blivit en viktig del av vårt dagliga liv, som drar nytta av de många inbyggda sensorer, inklusive Internet-anslutning, för att ge en mängd olika tjänster. Däribland navigation, väderprognoser, media fånga/delning, och många fler tjänster. Smartphone har blivit kärnan i våra sociala interaktioner. Den erbjuder allt från traditionella röst kommunikation via meddelanden, till sociala nätverk. Det finns oändliga möjligheter för nästa generationens program som kommer att automatiskt anpassar sig till användarnas sociala tillhörighet. Den viktigaste faktorn är att förstå den sociala profilen av användaren genom att använda ett Socialt Proximity Indikator (SPI). Denna indikator på social profil innehåller användarens läge, inställningar, gemensamma vänner, täta samspel mellan vänner, gemenskap medlemskap, och många fler attribut . Detta projekt behandlar utnyttjandet av användarens smartphone som en detektor av användarens sociala sammanhang för att ansluta sig till social närhet mellan några två (eller fler) personer. Målet med denna indikator är att identifiera den (nuvarande) uppsättning av smartphone-användare som skulle vilja delta i någon applikation specifik aktivitet, till exempel mediedelning, gruppsamtal, etc. SPI identifiera användare baserat på deras sociala interaktioner och gemensamma preferenser. En fotodelnings applikation har föreslagits och byggd för Android smartphone -plattformen, baserad på data från SPI. Denna applikation använder flera fysiska och virtuella sensorer (genom användarens smartphone) för att bestämma ramen för användaren. Efter en analys kommer programmet att initiera fotodelning mellan den identifierade gruppen som hittades i analysen. Applikationen, liksom den underliggande koden ,teoretiska begrepp, och resultaten kommer att presenteras i denna uppsats. Experimenten som genomfördes under detta examensarbete tyder på att det är möjligt att bygga smartphone baserad på SPI där närhet innehåller mycket mer än bara fysisk plats. Det gör applikationen unik än de befintliga applikationer.

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Moreno, Anaïs. "Le discours rapporté dans les intéractions : l'effet de la proximité et des communautés de pratique sur sa construction à l'oral et à l'écrit." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100064/document.

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De nombreux travaux, dont ceux de P. Koch et W. Œsterreicher (2001), ont permis de repenser l'opposition oral/écrit en termes de continuum (proximité/ distance), au-delà du support graphique ou phonique des productions. Le cadre communicationnel dans lequel les interactions sont produites influence largement la construction du discours, et fait passer le medium au second plan. A partir de ce modèle, cette thèse traite de la construction et de la présence du discours rapporté, plus particulièrement du discours direct (désormais DD), dans les interactions orales et écrites ordinaires. Le DD apparait comme un phénomène intriguant de par sa fréquence dans les interactions ordinaires, et constitue une pièce maîtresse de l'implication du locuteur dans l'interaction. Les formules comme il m'a dit, il me dit, j'ai dit... ponctuent nos conversations quotidiennes et permettent d'introduire une interaction passée, fictive, ou qui aurait pu avoir lieu, dans l'interaction en cours. L'étude des éléments se manifestant en contexte de DD (verbes introducteurs, particules d'amorce/d'extension, ponctuation, pauses...) et permettant d'encadrer et de signaler le discours cité, aura pour objectif de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement du DD. Nous tenterons de rendre compte de corrélations entre le choix d'une structure, la présence ou l'absence de certains éléments et le cadre communicationnel. Pour mener à bien cette étude, nous mettons en parallèle plusieurs situations de communication orales et écrites (entretiens, enregistrements écologiques, posts de forums, conversations instantanées, anecdotes Vie De Merde), impliquant des degrés de proximité différents, pour tenter de comprendre les paramètres en jeu dans les variations de recours et de formes du DD, au-delà de considérations médiales
P. Koch & W. Œsterreicher's works questioned the spoken/written opposition in terms of a continuum (proximity/distance) beyond graphic or phonic characters of interactions. The communication situation widely influences the construction of the discourse, and it allows for the medium to be overshadowed. From this model, we will deal with the construction of reporteed speech, more specifically with the direct reported speech (DRD) in ordinary written and spoken interactions. DRD is very frequent in these interactions and appears as a centrepiece of the speaker's involvement. He said, I said... punctuate everyday conversations and allow for the introduction of reported utterances.The study of elements and their manifestation in the context of DRD (reporting verbs, discourse particles, punctuation, pauses...) and the framework used to indicate quoted speech, will allow for a more comprehensive understanding of DRD functioning. We will try to give account of the correlation between the choice of the structure, the presence or absence of certain items and the communication situation. To carry out this study, we have built a heterogeneous corpus which consists of several spoken and written interactions with different degrees of proximity (interviews, spontaneous conversations, forum posts, chat, anecdotes Vie de Merde). The aim of this study is to understand the paramaters entering into DRD's variation (appeal and form), beyond the spoken/written opposition

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31

Gu, Gucci Jijuan. "Proximity Ligation Assay for High Performance Protein Analysis in Medicine." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för immunologi, genetik och patologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-179827.

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High quality reagents are preconditions for high performance protein analyses. But despite progress in some techniques, e.g. mass spectrometry, there is still a lack of affinity-based detection techniques with enhanced precision, specificity, and sensitivity. Building on the concept of multiple affinity recognition reactions and signal amplification, a proximity ligation assay (PLA) was developed as a molecular tool for analyzing proteins and their post-translational modification and interactions. PLA enhanced the analysis of protein expression levels and post-translational modifications in western blotting (Paper I), which had elevated sensitivity and specificity, and an ability to investigate protein phosphorylation. A general and straightforward method was established for the functionalization of affinity reagents through adding DNA strands to protein domains for protein analysis in medicine (Paper II). A method for protein domain-mediated conjugation was developed to simplify the use of recombinant affinity reagents, such as designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin), in DNA-mediated protein analyses. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory impairment, and amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in the brain are clinical hallmarks of the disease. In order to understand the mechanisms underlying the formation of NFT, in situ PLA was used to explore the role of microtubule affinity related kinase 2 (MARK2) in phosphorylating tau protein during the pathological progress of AD (Paper III). The analyses of roles of MARK proteins 1-4 in phosphorylating tau protein in cells and in post-mortem human brains were performed in Paper IV. The focus of this thesis was the study of post-translational modifications and interactions of proteins in medicine. Procedures for high performance protein analysis in western blotting via proximity ligation were developed, and a functionalization method for recombinant affinity reagents in DNA-mediated protein analysis was established. These and other techniques were used to investigate the roles of tau-phosphorylating MARK family proteins in AD.

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Plush, Sally Elisabeth. "Interactions of proximate amino acid residues in polyaza macrocycles /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php7376.pdf.

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McRae, Andrea. "Identification of Inverted Formin 1 (FHDC1)-Interacting Proteins by BioID Proximity-Dependent Labeling." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34411.

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The actin and microtubule cytoskeleton play critical roles in Golgi and cilia assembly. Inverted-Formin 1 (INF1) is a novel, microtubule-associated protein that regulates both actin and microtubule dynamics and affects Golgi and cilia assembly. A non-biased discovery based approach was used to investigate the interactome of INF1 using BioID in combination with stable isotopic labeling in cell culture (SILAC). A number of INF1-interacting proteins were identified and validated in co-IP experiments. The INF1 interaction domains were mapped using an extensive set of INF1 deletion and point mutation derivatives. Functional characterization of these interactions suggests a mechanism for the effects of INF1 on ciliogenesis. The establishment and maintenance of cellular architecture requires the coordinated, dynamic regulation of actin and microtubule networks. Our data suggests that INF1 plays a crucial role in connecting these two cytoskeletal networks for the regulated assembly of the Golgi ribbon and the primary cilium.

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Gustafsdottir, Sigrun Margret. "Application of proximity Ligation for Detection of Proteins, Biomolecular Interactions, and Single Copies of Pathogens." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6791.

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Hirvonen, M. Karoliina. "Assay development for in situ detection of autophagy-related protein-protein interactions for characterization of colorectal cancer." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-254193.

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Every year, more than a million people are diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) that develops in the large intestine. It is one of the most studied cancers in the world but still more knowledge about how this cancer develops and acts is needed in order to use more effective ways to treat CRC. Autophagy is a vital mechanism in cells that is also suggested to maintain cancer cell survival. In normal cells, it plays an important role by removing damaged cells and organelles as well as eliminating pathogens. Under metabolic stress this mechanism is induced to provide enough nutrients and energy for the cell to survive. Cancer cells are exposed to greater environmental stress than normal cells and therefore, cancer cells exhibit higher levels of autophagy suggesting it to be a crucial mechanism for their survival. Gaining a deeper understanding of this essential mechanism and its activation might provide new insights and improved treatments for the fight against colorectal cancer. In situ Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA) is a protein detection method that enables sensitive and specific detection of proteins and protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in cell lines and tissue samples. The method uses simultaneous recognition of two independent antigens on a protein or protein complex together with a rolling circle amplification (RCA) to form a rolling circle product (RCP) on top of the target. By using fluorescent oligonucleotides, RCP can be visualized and is seen as a bright spot that enables sensitive detection of the target at single-molecule resolution. The aim of this study was to develop assays to detect endogenous molecular events known to be biomarkers of autophagy in situ in order to study autophagy mechanism in CRC patient samples. We focused our research on two PPIs that were known to interact when autophagy is induced. The first investigated interaction was between microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B- light chain 3 (LC3) and sequestome-1 (SQSTM1), an interaction that occurs during autophagy initiation. The second interaction was between B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) that takes place during hypoxia-induced autophagy. To study whether these PPIs can be used as a detection method to monitor autophagy, we used a well- established cell model based on serum starvation and CoCl2 - an hypoxic mimetic- treatment of the intestinal cancer cell line Caco-2 in comparison to normal culture condition. According to isPLA quantification, detection of both PPIs was distinctly higher in treated cells compared to untreated cells giving promising results and suggesting that they can be potentially used as suitable assays to monitor these biomarkers of autophagy. For development of an improved protein detection method that enables the study of several PPIs simultaneously in a tissue sample (In situ Multiplexing), we conjugated directly a short oligonucleotide strand to the primary antibodies. These formed proximity probes could later be used in in situ for multiplexing.

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Troël, Arnaud. "Prise en compte de la mobilité dans les interactions de proximité entre terminaux à profils hétérogènes." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10012.

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Les progrès conjoints de l'informatique mobile et des technologies de communication sans fil ont permis l'émergence d'un nouveau type de terminal, à la fois mobile et communicant. D'abord possibles au sein de réseaux cellulaires, des échanges peuvent à présent être réalisés directement entre des terminaux physiquement proches. L'objectif de cette thèse est de s'appuyer sur la mobilité constatée des terminaux pour permettre la représentation de leur voisinage physique, c'est-à-dire l'ensemble des terminaux à portée de communication, en dépit des différents profils, tant du point de vue de leurs mouvements que de leur portée de communication. Notre approche s'articule selon deux axes principaux. Nous présentons tout d'abord un protocole de détection permettant la représentation des relations de voisinage. Nous proposons ensuite une méthode de cadencement automatique de l'émission des messages de ce protocole en fonction de la mobilité relative des terminaux voisins.

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Hammond, Maria. "DNA-Mediated Detection and Profiling of Protein Complexes." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Molekylära verktyg, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-204861.

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Proteins are the effector molecules of life. They are encoded in DNA that is inherited from generation to generation, but most cellular functions are executed by proteins. Proteins rarely act on their own – most actions are carried out through an interplay of tens of proteins and other biomolecules. Here I describe how synthetic DNA can be used to study proteins and protein complexes. Variants of proximity ligation assays (PLA) are used to generate DNA reporter molecules upon proximal binding by pairs of DNA oligonucleotide-modified affinity reagents. In Paper I, a robust protocol was set up for PLA on paramagnetic microparticles, and we demonstrated that this solid phase PLA had superior performance for detecting nine candidate cancer biomarkers compared to other immunoassays. Based on the protocol described in Paper I I then developed further variants of PLA that allows detection of protein aggregates and protein interactions. I sensitively detected aggregated amyloid protofibrils of prion proteins in paper II, and in paper III I studied binary interactions between several proteins of the NFκB family. For all immunoassays the selection of high quality affinity binders represents a major challenge. I have therefore established a protocol where a large set of protein binders can be simultaneously validated to identify optimal pairs for dual recognition immunoassays (Paper IV).

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Grare, Laurent. "Etude des interactions Océan-Atmosphère à proximité immédiate de l'interface : application aux vagues de vent et aux vagues extrêmes." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX22054.pdf.

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Lors du transfert d’énergie mécanique du vent vers les vagues, une partie de l’énergie participe à l’amplification des vagues, via la traînée de forme, une autre contribue au courant de dérive, via la traînée visqueuse. Une étude expérimentale a été menée afin de déterminer la répartition de cette énergie entre ces deux traînées pour différentes conditions de vent et de vagues. La détermination de ces traînées nécessite de mesurer la pression statique au plus près de l’interface et la vitesse de l’écoulement aérien dans la sous-couche visqueuse. Une sonde de pression montée sur un dispositif « suiveur à vagues »permet de donner une description détaillée des champs de pression dans la couche limite turbulente au plus près de la surface. Un dispositif « plongeur »permet de déterminer les contraintes visqueuses à la surface. On montre que la contribution relative de la tension visqueuse est une fonction décroissante du vent et de la cambrure qui présente des modulations importantes le long de l’onde dominante. L’étude des champs de pression met en défaut les méthodes classiques de mesure de la traînée de forme par extrapolation des corrélations Pression-Pente. Une étude comparative de la mesure des flux via la méthode Inertio-Dissipative et la méthode directe montre que les résultats divergent à proximité de l’interface. On montre que des termes supplémentaires apparaissent dans l’équation bilan de l’énergie cinétique turbulente écrite dans un repère curviligne. Une étude expérimentale des interactions entre le vent et les vagues extrêmes montre que l’augmentation de la durée de vie de ces vagues en présence de vent est en partie due au mécanisme de décollement
During the mecanical energy transfer from the wind to the waves, one part of the energy contributes to amplifying the waves through the form drag, whilst the other part contributes to the drift current through the viscous stress. An experimental study was undertaken in order to determine how this energy divides itself between the two stresses for different wave and wind conditions. The form drag is measured by the static pressure as close as possible to the surface whereas the viscous stress is measured by the wind speed in the viscous sub-layer. A pressure probe hanged on an ’wave follower’device allows us to give a detailed description of the pressure fields within the turbulent layer as close as possible to the surface. An device ’allows us to determine the shear stress at the surface. We show that the viscous stress’s contribution to the total stress is a decreasing function of the wind and of the slope which is not constant along the wave’s profile. The study of pressure fields also put in defect the classic measurement methods of the form drag which consist in extrapolating of the Pressure-Slope. A comparative study of the airsea momentum using the Inertial Dissipation method and the Eddy Correlation Method shows that results diverge when approaching the interface. We show that supplementary terms appear in the turbulent kinetic energy conservation equation written in curvilinear coordinates. An experimental study of the interactions between the wind and freak wave shows that increasing of the life expectancy of those waves in the presence of wind is partly due to the air-flow separation

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Jarvius, Malin. "Visualization of Protein Activity Status in situ Using Proximity Ligation Assays." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Molekylära verktyg, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-131934.

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In 2001 the human proteome organization (HUPO) was created with the ambition to identify and characterize all proteins encoded in the human genome according to several criteria; their expression levels in different tissues and under different conditions; the sub-cellular localization; post-translational modifications; interactions, and if possible also the relationship between their structure and function.When the knowledge of different proteins and their potential interactions increases, so does the need for methods able to unravel the nature of molecular processes in cells and organized tissues, and ultimately for clinical use in samples obtained from patients. The in situ proximity ligation assay (in situ PLA) was developed to provide localized detection of proteins, post-translational modifications and protein-protein interactions in fixed cells and tissues. Dual recognition of the target or interacting targets is a prerequisite for the creation of a circular reporter DNA molecule, which subsequently is locally amplified for visualization of individual protein molecules in single cells. These features offer the high sensitivity and selectivity required for detection of even rare target molecules. Herein in situ PLA was first established and then employed as a tool for detection of both interactions and post-translational modifications in cultured cells and tissue samples. In situ PLA was also adapted to high content screening (HCS) for therapeutic effects, where it was applied for cell-based drug screening of inhibitors influencing post-translational modifications. This was performed using primary cells, paving the way for evaluation of drug effects on cells from patient as a diagnostic tool in personalized medicine. In conclusion, this thesis describes the development and applications of in situ PLA as a tool to study proteins, post-translational modifications and protein-protein interactions in genetically unmodified cells and tissues, and for clinical interactomics.

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40

Chrétien, Andrée-Ève. "Mesurer les associations protéiques à proximité in vivo en utilisant la complémentation de fragments protéiques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27844.

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Les interactions protéine-protéine (PPI) sont à la base du fonctionnement cellulaire de tous les organismes. Regroupées en deux catégories, les méthodes pour étudier les PPI permettent soit d’identifier les protéines composant le complexe, soit de déterminer les relations entre les protéines. Il existe peu de méthodes hybrides permettant d’obtenir ces deux informations et ces méthodes comportent plusieurs limitations. Le but de ce projet était de développer une nouvelle méthode hybride en modifiant la complémentation de fragments protéiques (DHFR PCA) chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Le principe de la DHFR PCA repose sur l’association de deux fragments rapporteurs complémentaires en présence d’une interaction protéine-protéine. Les fragments rapporteurs sont fusionnés aux protéines via un connecteur peptidique. La longueur du connecteur limite la distance maximale à laquelle il est possible de détecter une interaction entre deux protéines. Notre hypothèse était qu’en augmentant la longueur du connecteur, nous serions en mesure de détecter des interactions plus éloignées. Nous avons d’abord vérifié que l’augmentation de la longueur du connecteur permettait de modifier notre capacité à détecter des interactions sans toutefois perdre la spécificité de la méthode. De nouvelles interactions ont été détectées à l’intérieur d’un même complexe protéique et entre deux complexes. Nous avons ensuite validé notre capacité à mieux disséquer l’architecture des complexes protéiques en approfondissant le cas de cinq complexes protéiques à l’aide de plusieurs combinaisons de longueurs de connecteurs. Enfin, nous avons confirmé que la méthode permettait effectivement de détecter des interactions entre protéines plus distantes en comparant les résultats obtenus aux distances calculées à partir des structures du protéasome disponibles. La variation apportée à la DHFR PCA permet de moduler la résolution de l’étude des PPI et ainsi de mieux définir l’architecture des complexes protéiques.
Protein-protein interactions (PPI) are central to all cellular processes in all organisms. Grouped in two categories, methods to study PPI allow either to identify proteins composing protein complexes or to determine relationships between proteins. Only a few hybrid methods can be used to obtain both of those informations and these methods present many limitations. The goal of this project was to develop a new hybrid method by modifying the Protein-fragment complementation assay (DHFR PCA) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. DHFR PCA is based on the association of two complementary reporter fragments in presence of an interaction. Both fragments are fused to proteins with a peptide linker. Linker length limits the maximal distance at which it is possible to detect an interaction between two proteins. Our hypothesis was that increased linker length would allow the detection of more distant interactions. We first verified if the augmentation of linker length modified our capacity to detect interactions without losing specificity. New interactions were detected inside and between complexes. Then, we validated our capacity to better dissect protein complexes architecture by studying five protein complexes with different linker length combinations. Finally, we confirmed that the method allowed the detection of interactions that were further in space by comparing our results with distances calculated with available proteasome structures. This variation of DHFR PCA allows to modulate the resolution of PPI study and thus better define protein complexes architecture.

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Maloum-Le, Pape Sihem. "Modélisation globale de l'interaction sol-fondation superficielle à proximité de la crête d'un talus." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR30012.

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Le comportement non linéaire sol granulaire-fondation superficielle filante est étudié. La semelle sollicitée par des chargements statiques verticaux et inclinés centrés est établie à proximité de la crête d'un talus. Deux aspects essentiels de la cinématique sont analysés: (i) d'abord, l'effet de la géométrie particulière de la surface libre du massif sur les trajectoires de déplacements, (ii) ensuite, la dépendance temporelle du comportement des sols granulaires. Ce phénomène, observé expérimentalement, est justifié par la cinétique des granulats perturbés qui tendent à se stabiliser dès lors qu'un réarrangement optimal de leur squelette est atteint. Une base de données concernant le système bidimensionnel a été créée à l'aide du code aux éléments finis CESAR-LCPC. Le comportement de l'interface entre le sol et la base de la semelle a été modélisé par des éléments spécifiques de contact. Les résultats de capacité portante et de déplacements ainsi obtenus ont été analysés dans le but de construire un modèle de comportement global de type macro-élément d'interaction sol--structure. Ce dernier s'inscrit dans le cadre de la théorie de la plasticité non-associée et intègre la notion de viscosité dépendant du niveau de chargement, afin de traduire le mieux possible le comportement réel du sol. L'efficacité du macro-élément développé est vérifiée par comparaison avec des courbes issues d'essais centrifugés et des simulations numériques mentionnées ci-dessus. Enfin, une méthode de prédiction des trajectoires de déplacements est proposée pour une configuration donnée et une application est présentée
The non linear behaviour of the granular soil-shallow strip footing is studied. The footing subjected to static vertical and inclined centred loads is established near the crest of a slope. Two main aspects of the kinematics are analysed : (i) first, the effect of the peculiar geometry of the soil free boundary on the displacement trajectories, (ii) then, the temporary dependency aspect of the granular soils behaviour. This experimentally observed phenomena is due to the granular kinetics that tend to stabilise when a certain rearrangement of their skeleton is reached. A numerical database is created thanks to the finite elements code CESAR-LCPC. The behaviour of the soil-footing interface is modelled by means of specific contact elements. The bearing capacity and the different displacements values sa obtained, are analysed in order to built a global model or a soil-structure macro-element in the framework of the non-associated plasticity. To traduce as well as possible the reel behaviour of the granular soil, a viscosity is integrated in the model formulation. The efficiency of the macro-element is tested by comparison with some results issued from centrifuged tests and from the above mentioned numerical simulations. Finally, a prediction method to determine the displacement trajectories is proposed for a given configuration and an application is presented

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42

Baudry, Lyam. "Investigating chromosome dynamics through Hi-C assembly." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS026.

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L'avènement des technologies de séquençage ADN à haut-debit a initié une tendance grandissante dans l'assemblage de génomes. La qualité de ces génomes est un prérequis essentiel pour comprendre les interactions au sein de et entre ces chromosomes. Nos méthodes se basent principalement sur les technologies de capture de conformation de chromosomes comme le Hi-C. Lors d'un protocole de Hi-C, les molécules d'ADN sont réticulées avec les protéines environnantes pour former un complexe protéine-ADN statique et volumineux. Ceci permet de capturer la conformation spatiale en piégeant les molécules physiquement proches dans l'espace. Ainsi, le Hi-C est très approprié pour l'analyse de la structure 3D des génomes, ce qui permet d'obtenir un certain nombre d'informations sur le génome. Il a été ainsi montré que sa structure tridimensionnelle peut être reliée directement à sa structure 1D grâce aux propriétés physiques des polymères d'ADN. De plus, une telle proximité en 3D donne également accès à des informations de compartimentation, ce qui a ouvert la voie à une nouvelle approche de binning métagénomique, connue sous le nom de meta3C. Au cours de ce travail, nous étendons ces méthodes à des études de cas présentant une complexité grandissante. Tout d'abord, nous améliorons les outils d'assemblage de génomes et démontrons leur validité avec l'assemblage de Ectocarpus sp., puis nous mettons en évidence des réarrangements chromosomiques au sein d'assemblages joints de Trichoderma reesei et Cataglyphis hispanica. Enfin, nous utilisons la même approche avec le binning métagénomique sur des échantillons de souris in vivo afin de reconstruire des centaines de génomes
The advent of high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies has set off an expanding trend in genome assembling and scaffolding. Such genome quality is an essential preliminary to understand interactions between and among chromosomes. We built upon a computational and technological framework that let us tackle genome assembly problems of increasing complexity. Our methods are mainly based on chromosome conformation capture technologies such as Hi-C. In a Hi-C experiment, DNA molecules are cross-linked with the surrounding proteins and form a large, static protein-DNA complex. This captures the spatial conformation by trapping together molecules that are physically close to each other. Therefore, Hi-C is very suitable for 3D genome structure analysis, which lets us infer a wealth of information about the genome. It was indeed shown that the tridimensional structure of the genome can be unambiguously linked to its 1D structure thanks to the physical properties of DNA polymers. Moreover, such 3D proximity also gives access to cell compartment information, thus opening the way for an additional approach for metagenomic binning, known as meta3C. In this work, we expand upon these methods and apply them to use cases with more and more complexity. We first improve on tools for genome assembly and demonstrate their validity with the scaffolding of Ectocarpus sp., then unveil rearrangements in joint scaffoldings of Trichoderma reesei and Cataglyphis hispanica. Lastly, we use the same approach with metagenomic binning on live mouse microbiome samples to reconstruct hundreds of genomes

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Pierre, Frédéric. "Investigation expérimentale des interactions dans les circuits mésoscopiques : décohérence quantique, transferts d'énergie, blocage de Coulomb, effet de proximité." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00591514.

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Les travaux de recherche décrits dans ce mémoire couvrent plusieurs phénomènes spécifiques à la physique mésoscopique des nanocircuits. Une large part de ces travaux porte sur la compréhension des mécanismes d'interactions à l'œuvre et de leur impact sur le temps de cohérence quantique, les transferts d'énergie, la nature des états électroniques ainsi que sur l'électrodynamique des nanocircuits électriques et l'effet de proximité supraconducteur. Dans ce mémoire j'ai cherché pour chacun de mes thèmes de recherche à décrire le cadre dans lequel se situe le travail et à expliquer les principaux résultats. Le lecteur est invité à se référer aux articles pour plus de détails.

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Massamba, Fidèle. "Modélisation numérique tridimensionnelle du comportement d'un pieu isolé chargé latéralement à proximité d'un talus." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2003.

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La thèse traite de la modélisation et du calcul des structures dans la situation où de fortes non-linéarités sont présentes, ce qui est souvent le cas pour les problèmes de pieux implantés dans des massifs de sol granulaire auquel on applique une charge latérale statique. La résolution et l’approximation de tels problèmes, relèvent des mathématiques appliquées : la méthode des éléments finis. La vision mécanique s’impose dès que l’on cherche à trouver et caler les paramètres décrivant correctement le comportement non-linéaire du matériau. Celui constituant le massif de sol, est décrit par le modèle élasto-plastique associé de type Drücker-Prager. Cinq paramètres mécaniques composent ce modèle, deux décrivent le comportement élastique linéaire et les trois autres le comportement inélastique. On utilise le code de calcul par élément finis ANSYS pour définir la géométrie et la discrétisation du système sol-pieu. Deux massifs de sol ont été considérés, l’un horizontal, l’autre avec talus dont les angles βi sont compris entre 20° et 40°. Le module de réaction du sol varie avec la profondeur z du massif en utilisant la relation modifiée de CHRISTOULAS. Pour le calcul en présence du talus, le module de réaction est réduit en le multipliant par un coefficient réducteur Ip. Ce dernier est défini en fonction des paramètres géométriques du pieu et du talus. La modélisation par la méthode des éléments finis permet d’obtenir les profils de déplacements, des moments fléchissants, des efforts tranchants et des courbes de réactions P-y. Une confrontation des méthodes numérique et expérimentale est faite afin de valider le modèle numérique retenu.

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Grare, Laurent. "Étude des interactions océan-atmosphère à proximité immédiate de l'interface: application aux vagues de vent et aux vagues extrêmes." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00454511.

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La surface de l'océan, interface entre deux milieux l'un liquide et l'autre gazeux, est un lieu d'échange d'énergie dans lequel l'influence du vent est importante. La compréhension des processus d'échanges est un enjeu important pour appréhender la dynamique et le couplage des deux milieux. Lors du transfert d'énergie mécanique du vent vers les vagues, une partie de l'énergie participe à l'amplification des vagues, via la traînée de forme, une autre contribue au courant de dérive, via la traînée visqueuse. Une étude expérimentale a été menée afin de déterminer la répartition de cette énergie entre ces deux traînées pour différentes conditions de vent et de vagues. La détermination de la traînée de forme passe par la mesure de la pression statique au plus près de la surface et celle de la traînée visqueuse par la mesure de la vitesse de l'écoulement de l'air dans la sous-couche visqueuse. Des dispositifs expérimentaux originaux ont été développés dans cette optique. Une sonde de pression constituée d'une antenne de pression de type Elliot et d'un capteur miniature inséré au plus près du point de mesure permet de donner une description détaillée des champs de pression dans la couche limite turbulente. Un dispositif "suiveur à vagues" asservi à une sonde à vagues, permet de réaliser les mesures au plus près de la surface notamment dans le creux des vagues. Enfin, un dispositif « plongeur » permet de faire transiter une sonde de vitesse dans la sous-couche visqueuse de l'air afin de déterminer les contraintes de cisaillement au niveau de la surface. Ces mesures permettent d'obtenir une description fine de la structure locale de l'écoulement de l'air dans les zones toutes proches de la surface marine. Ainsi, nous montrons que la contribution de la tension visqueuse à la tension totale est une fonction décroissante du vent et de la cambrure de l'onde dominante. On montre également que la tension visqueuse n'est pas constante le long du profil de la vague mais présente des modulations, fonction de la phase de la vague, qui s'amplifient avec la cambrure de la vague. Par ailleurs, l'étude des champs de pression met en défaut les méthodes classiques de mesure de la traînée de forme qui consiste à extrapoler le profil vertical des corrélations Pression-Pente à l'altitude de l'eau au repos. L'expression analytique du flux de quantité de mouvement de l'air à l'eau écrite dans un repère mobile permet d'identifier les diverses composantes qu'on peut relier à la traînée totale à la surface. Une étude comparative de la mesure des flux du vent vers les vagues via la méthode Inertio-Dissipative et la méthode directe montre que les résultats divergent à proximité de l'interface. Bien que tous les termes de l'équation bilan de l'énergie cinétique de la turbulence ne puissent être déterminés expérimentalement, on montre que des termes supv plémentaires apparaissent lorsque les mesures sont réalisées sur un support mobile lié aux déplacements de l'interface. Une approche expérimentale montre que la durée de vie de vagues scélérates générées par focalisation spatio-temporelle est significativement augmentée en présence de vent. Une forte asymétrie est effectivement observée entre les phases de focalisation et de défocalisation. L'étude des interactions entre le vent et le groupe focalisant met en évidence que ce phénomène est en partie dû au mécanisme de décollement de l'air à la crête de la vague extrême.

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46

Banaon, Yéda Christophe. "Le processus entrepreneurial aux prises avec les situations d’interaction : les modalités instituantes des logiques de proximité – enquête ethnographique auprès des mini-laiteries de Banfora (Burkina-Faso)." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1193/document.

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Les récentes recherches en entrepreneuriat tendent à accorder une primauté aux perspectives processuelles. Cependant ces dernières ne permettent pas encore de comprendre tous les dispositifs situationnels qui influencent la performance située et la légitimité de l’entrepreneur. Il s’agit là de mettre le doigt sur la réalité des institutions informelles dont la capacité structurante est parfois mal évaluée. Pour cela, il fallait sortir d’une perspective rationnelle et individuelle de l’entrepreneuriat afin de l’approcher comme action sociale tributaire des injonctions contextuelles. Ainsi, l’analyse ethnographique des relations et interactions entre dix mini-laiteries dans un contexte africain révèle la prégnance de logiques de proximité constituant non seulement des ressources mais aussi des contraintes. La seule légitimité des institutions formelles et des objets techniques ne suffit pas toujours à compenser le coût d’un isolement relationnel. L’interaction est une ressource qui produit des contraintes. La performance de l’agent dépendra de la stratégie déployée pour socialiser avec les dispositifs habilitants
Recent research in entrepreneurship field tends to give primacy to processual perspectives. However, they do not yet make it possible to understand all the situational devices that influence the located performance and the legitimacy of the entrepreneur. The point consists of studying the reality of the informal institutions whose structuring capacity is sometimes badly evaluated. For that, it was necessary to move from a rational and individual perspective of the entrepreneurship to approach it as social action dependent on the contextual injunctions. Thus, the ethnographic analysis of relations and interactions between ten mini-dairies in an African context reveals the importance of proximity logics constituting not only resources but also constraints. The mere legitimacy of formal institutions and technical objects is not always enough to offset the cost of relational isolation. Interaction is a resource that produces constraints. The performance of the agent will depend on the strategy deployed to socialize with the enabling devices

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Lequin, Julie. "Quelles interactions dynamiques entre systèmes alimentaires du milieu (SYAM) et proximités territoriales ? : communautés de valeurs, communautés d’intérêts et communautés de pratiques." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20063/document.

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Dans cette thèse, nous questionnons l'existence d'un système commun de valeurs comme élément fondateur des territoires de coordination que constituent les systèmes alimentaires du milieu (SYAM). En croisant deux référentiels théoriques (économie de proximités et sociologie de la traduction) autour de l'étude de quatre cas empiriques en France, cette recherche doctorale analyse les mécanismes de convergence entre acteurs à l’oeuvre au sein des SYAM. Nous avançons l’idée que les réseaux se consolident via une alternance de phases d’élargissement et de contractions, qui induit de fait des mises à l’épreuve de la convergence. Le système commun de valeurs émerge, se construit, se recompose et se reconfigure au gré de ces mises en tension, ce qui en fait tantôt un cadre de référence donnant sens à l’action collective, tantôt un cadre la limitant
: In this dissertation, I question whether the territories coordinated under food system based on “agriculture of the middle” (SYAM in French) rely on a common set of values. By combining two sets of theoretical approaches (proximity economics and actor-network theory) on four empirical case studies in France, this doctoral research analyses the various merging mechanisms at play among SYAM actors. The research results suggest that SYAM networks strengthen through alternating phases of expansion and contraction, which challenge possibilities of convergence. The common system of values emerges, develops, recomposes and reconfigures itself based on these tensions. At times, the common values create a frame of reference for collective action; at others, it becomes a framework restricting it

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Wahlström, Annsofie. "Diet x hybrid interactions in large groups of laying hens /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5728-9.pdf.

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Bulot, Nicolas. "Analyse expérimentale et modélisation numérique des mécanismes d'interactions instationnaires à proximité du pompage d'un étage de compresseur centrifuge à fort taux de compression." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ECDL0006.

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Le présent travail s'inscrit dans le cadre d'une collaboration entre le Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides et d'Acoustique à l'École Centrale de Lyon (LMFA-ECL), Turbomeca et l'ONERA. Le sujet de recherche porte sur l'interaction rouet-diffuseur et sur l'entrée en régime de pompage d'un étage de compresseur centrifuge transsonique à fort taux de compression étudié à vitesse de rotation de croisière (0,927Nn). L'alimentation des analyses est réalisée par trois méthodes de mesures et deux types de simulations numériques. Le module d'essai est installé sur le banc d'essai 1 MW du LMFA. La caractérisation expérimentale du compresseur TM est réalisée par le biais de mesures de pression et température auxquelles sont adjointes des mesures du débit et de la vitesse de rotation de la roue mobile. La description de l'écoulement interne au compresseur s'appuie sur les résultats de sondages par Anémométrie Laser à effet Doppler (LDA) et de mesures de pression à haute fréquence. Les simulations numériques sont réalisées par l'intermédiaire du code de calcul elsA développé par l'ONERA, qui permet de résoudre le système d'équations de Navier-Stokes couplé à un modèle de turbulence k-l de Smith. Deux modélisations de l'interaction rouet-diffuseur permettent de générer des champs aérodynamiques stationnaires (modèle plan de mélange) et instationnaires (modèle chorochronique). La comparaison entre les données expérimentales et numériques est très satisfaisante et permet alors de profiter pleinement de la richesse des informations numériques. L'examen détaillé de l'écoulement interne au rouet pour trois points de fonctionnement (à débit bloqué, à rendement maximum et à proximité du pompage) révèle que, du blocage vers le pompage, l'évolution de l'intensité et de la taille du tourbillon de jeu est le point de départ d'un enchaînement de mécanismes conduisant à la dilatation du sillage de la structure jet-sillage. Pour l'écoulement en amont du diffuseur, ceci ce traduit en moyenne temporelle par une augmentation de l'incidence principalement au voisinage du moyeu. L'onde de choc en amont des aubes du diffuseur remonte à mesure que le débit du compresseur diminue. La trajectoire de l'écoulement principal bascule du côté de la face en dépression vers le côté de la face en pression du canal inter-aubes du diffuseur. La cartographie des nombreux décollements de couches limites est également modifiée à l'approche du pompage. Les structures instationnaires majeures sont produites par l'interaction de l'onde de choc en amont des aubes du diffuseur avec les pales du rouet. Des ondes de pression progressives et des poches à faible nombre de Mach sont ainsi générées. Les ondes pression impriment d'intenses fluctuations au champ de vitesse qui favorisent le processus de mélange. En conséquence, les couches limites sont plus robustes vis-à-vis des décollements (en moyenne temporelle). Le défilement instationnaire des poches à faible nombre de Mach engendre une dissymétrie marquée des conditions d'alimentation du diffuseur dans la direction azimutale. Au cours du changement de point de fonctionnement en allant du débit bloqué vers le pompage, les ondes de pression se renforcent et la taille des poches à faible nombre de Mach diminue. De ce fait, les conditions sont plutôt favorables à retarder l'entrée en pompage du compresseur qui est localement initié en amont du diffuseur aubé. Le pompage du compresseur est provoqué par un changement rapide de la structure supersonique de l'écoulement en entrée de diffuseur qui est alors déstabilisée par les fluctuations de pression des ondes progressives
The present work is in line with a collaboration between the Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides et d'Acoustique at École Centrale de Lyon (LMFA-ECL), Turbomeca and ONERA. The subject is focused on impeller-diffuser interaction and phenomena occurring during surge ignition of a transonic centrifugal stage with high-compression ratio at cruise rotation speed (0,927Nn). The analysed data come from three measurement devices and two kinds of numerical simulations. The 1MW LMFA-ECL test rig was used for carrying out the experiments on the centrifugal compressor stage. The global performances were obtained by pressure, temperature, mass flow rate and rotation speed measurements. The internal flow field properties were probed by Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) and high frequency pressure measurements. The computations were performed with the elsA software developed at ONERA. The code solves the compressible Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations associated with the two-equations (k-l) turbulence model of Smith. Two models of impeller-diffuser interaction were used to simulate the flow within the compressor. The first model is based on the Averaged Passage equations, gives a stationary description of the internal flow fields. The second model is based on the phase lagged approach and allows access to the unsteady phenomena. A good agreement between experiments and simulations was obtained, which justifies the use of the CFD results for the flow field analysis. Analysis of the flow development within the impeller were carried out for three operating points (choke, peak efficiency and close to surge). This study shows that, from choke to near surge, the development of the tip clearance vortex is the starting point of a sequence of physical mechanisms which lead to an extend of the wake of the jet-wake structure. The change in flow field at impeller exit tends to increase the upstream incidence of the vaned diffuser, especially close to the hub. The vane bow shock wave progresses in the impeller passages when the operating point moves from choke to near surge. The location of the main flow moves from suction side to pressure side of the vaned diffuser passage. The topology of the boundary layer separations within the diffuser passage is deeply affected when approaching surge. The main unsteady structures are generated by the interaction between the bow shock wave and the impeller blades. Progressive pressure waves and low Mach number flow bubbles are generated by this locally time-spaced interaction phenomenon. The pressure waves lead to strong fluctuations of the velocity field. As a consequence, the boundary layer becomes more resistant in relation to the separations (in term of time-averaged point of view). In time-averaged point of view, the low Mach number flow bubbles lead to inhomogeneous conditions at the vaned diffuser inlet along the azimuthal direction . From choke to near surge operating point, the strength of the pressure wave increases whereas the size of the low Mach number flow bubbles decreases. These conditions are quite favourable to push back the surge limit which is locally initiated in the inlet part of the vaned diffuser. The surge of the compressor is produced by a rapid change in supersonic flow structure at diffuser inlet. The pressure fluctuations due to the progressive waves lead to destabilise the new supersonic flow configuration and degenerate in the global instability of the compressor flow

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Boubou, Mounzer. "Contribution aux méthodes de classification non supervisée via des approches prétopologiques et d'agrégation d'opinions." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00195779.

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Le travail de thèse a porté sur une réflexion relative aux méthodes de classification automatique des données pour lesquelles il est bien connu qu'un effet « méthode » existe. Après une première partie qui présente la problématique générale de l'analyse des données et propose un survey des méthodes de classification, les travaux originaux de la thèse sont exposés. Ils relèvent de trois approches interconnectées : une approche basée sur l'agrégation d'opinions, une approche prétopologique et une approche basée sur l'agrégation des préférences. Chacune de ces approches se fonde sur un paradigme différent et propose une nouvelle vision des techniques de classification permettant d'apporter éventuellement de l'information exogène dans la méthode.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Proximity Interaction'

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