Relevant bibliographies by topics / PrrAB

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'PrrAB'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "PrrAB"

1

Laratta, William P., Peter S. Choi, Ivan E. Tosques, and James P. Shapleigh. "Involvement of the PrrB/PrrA Two-Component System in Nitrite Respiration in Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.3: Evidence for Transcriptional Regulation." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 13 (July 1, 2002): 3521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.13.3521-3529.2002.

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ABSTRACT Rhodobacter sphaeroides strain 2.4.3 is capable of diverse metabolic lifestyles, including denitrification. The regulation of many Rhodobacter genes involved in redox processes is controlled, in part, by the PrrBA two-component sensor-regulator system, where PrrB serves as the sensor kinase and PrrA is the response regulator. Four strains of 2.4.3 carrying mutations within the prrB gene were isolated in a screen for mutants unable to grow anaerobically on medium containing nitrite. Studies revealed that the expression of nirK, the structural gene encoding nitrite reductase, in these strains was significantly decreased compared to its expression in 2.4.3. Disruption of prrA also eliminated the ability to grow both photosynthetically and anaerobically in the dark on nitrite-amended medium. Complementation with prrA restored the wild-type phenotype. The PrrA strain exhibited a severe decrease in both nitrite reductase activity and expression of a nirK-lacZ fusion. Nitrite reductase activity in the PrrA strain could be restored to wild-type levels by using nirK expressed from a heterologous promoter, suggesting that the loss of nitrite reductase activity in the PrrA and PrrB mutants was not due to problems with enzyme assembly or the supply of reductant. Inactivation of prrA had no effect on the expression of the gene encoding NnrR, a transcriptional activator required for the expression of nirK. Inactivation of ccoN, part of the cbb 3-type cytochrome oxidase shown to regulate the kinase activity of PrrB, also caused a significant decrease in both nirK expression and Nir activity. This was unexpected, since PrrA-P accumulates in the ccoN strain. Together, these results demonstrate that PrrBA plays an essential role in the regulation of nirK.
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2

Eraso, Jesus M., Jung Hyeob Roh, Xiaohua Zeng, Stephen J. Callister, Mary S. Lipton, and Samuel Kaplan. "Role of the Global Transcriptional Regulator PrrA in Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1: Combined Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 14 (May 16, 2008): 4831–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00301-08.

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ABSTRACTThe PrrBA two-component regulatory system is a major global regulator inRhodobacter sphaeroides2.4.1. Here we have compared the transcriptome and proteome profiles of the wild-type (WT) and mutant PrrA2 cells grown anaerobically in the dark with dimethyl sulfoxide as an electron acceptor. Approximately 25% of the genes present in the PrrA2 genome are regulated by PrrA at the transcriptional level, either directly or indirectly, by twofold or more relative to the WT. The genes affected are widespread throughout all COG (cluster of orthologous group) functional categories, with previously unsuspected “metabolic” genes affected in PrrA2 cells. PrrA was found to act as both an activator and a repressor of transcription, with more genes being repressed in the presence of PrrA (9:5 ratio). An analysis of the genes encoding the 1,536 peptides detected through our chromatographic study, which corresponds to 36% coverage of the genome, revealed that approximately 20% of the genes encoding these proteins were positively regulated, whereas approximately 32% were negatively regulated by PrrA, which is in excellent agreement with the percentages obtained for the whole-genome transcriptome profile. In addition, comparison of the transcriptome and proteome mean parameter values for WT and PrrA2 cells showed good qualitative agreement, indicating that transcript regulation paralleled the corresponding protein abundance, although not one for one. The microarray analysis was validated by direct mRNA measurement of randomly selected genes that were both positively and negatively regulated.lacZtranscriptional andkantranslational fusions enabled us to map putative PrrA binding sites and revealed potential gene targets for indirect regulation by PrrA.
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3

Maarsingh, Jason D., and Shelley E. Haydel. "Mycobacterium smegmatis PrrAB two-component system influences triacylglycerol accumulation during ammonium stress." Microbiology 164, no. 10 (October 1, 2018): 1276–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.000705.

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4

Zhou, Li, Meng Zhao, Rachel Z. Wolf, David E. Graham, and George Georgiou. "Transcriptional Regulation of the Escherichia coli Gene rraB, Encoding a Protein Inhibitor of RNase E." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 21 (August 28, 2009): 6665–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00344-09.

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ABSTRACT The Escherichia coli RNA degradosome is a protein complex that plays a critical role in the turnover of numerous RNAs. The key component of the degradosome complex is the endoribonuclease RNase E, a multidomain protein composed of an N-terminal catalytic region and a C-terminal region that organizes the other protein components of the degradosome. Previously, the RNase E inhibitors RraA and RraB were identified genetically and shown to bind to the C-terminal region of RNase E, thus affecting both the protein composition of the degradosome and the endonucleolytic activity of RNase E. In the present work, we investigated the transcriptional regulation of rraB. rraB was shown to be transcribed constitutively from its own promoter, PrraB. Transposon mutagenesis and screening for increased β-galactosidase activity from a chromosomal PrraB-lacZ transcriptional fusion resulted in the isolation of a transposon insertion in glmS, encoding the essential enzyme glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase that catalyzes the first committed step of the uridine 5′-diphospho-N-acetyl-glucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) pathway, which provides intermediates for peptidoglycan biogenesis. The glmS852::Tn5 allele resulted in an approximately 50% lower intracellular concentration of UDP-GlcNAc and conferred a fivefold increase in the level of rraB mRNA. This allele also mediated a twofold increase in β-galactosidase activity from a chromosomal fusion of the 5′ untranslated region of the rne gene to lacZ, suggesting that a reduction in cellular concentration of UDP-GlcNAc and the resulting increased expression of RraB might modulate the action of RNase E.
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Seok, Jin-Sook, Samuel Kaplan, and Jeong-Il Oh. "Interacting specificity of a histidine kinase and its cognate response regulator: the PrrBA system of Rhodobacter sphaeroides." Microbiology 152, no. 8 (August 1, 2006): 2479–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.28961-0.

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Using a yeast two-hybrid assay system, it was demonstrated that the four-helix bundle of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides PrrB histidine kinase both serves as the interaction site for the regulatory domain of its cognate response regulator PrrA and is the primary determinant of the interaction specificity. The α-helix 1 and its flanking turn region within the dimerization domain (DD) of the PrrB histidine kinase appear to play an important role in conferring the recognition specificity for the PrrA response regulator on the DD. The catalytic ATP-binding domain of the histidine kinase, which functions as the catalytic unit for the phosphotransfer reaction from ATP to the conserved histidine residue in the DD, also appears to contribute to the enhancement of the recognition specificity conferred by the DD. It was also revealed that replacement of Asp-63 and Lys-113 of the PrrA response regulator by alanine abolished protein–protein interactions between PrrA and its cognate histidine kinase PrrB, whereas mutations of Asp-19, Asp-20 and Thr-87 to alanine did not affect protein–protein interactions, indicating that among the active site residues of PrrA, Asp-63 and Lys-113 are important not only in the function of PrrA but also for protein–protein interactions between PrrA and PrrB.
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Comolli, James C., Audrey J. Carl, Christine Hall, and Timothy Donohue. "Transcriptional Activation of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides Cytochrome c2 Gene P2 Promoter by the Response Regulator PrrA." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 2 (January 15, 2002): 390–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.2.390-399.2002.

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ABSTRACT Anoxygenic photosynthetic growth of Rhodobacter sphaeroides, a member of the α subclass of the class Proteobacteria, requires the response regulator PrrA. PrrA and the sensor kinase PrrB are part of a two-component signaling pathway that influences a wide range of processes under oxygen-limited conditions. In this work we characterized the pathway of transcription activation by PrrB and PrrA by purifying these proteins, analyzing them in vitro, and characterizing a mutant PrrA protein in vivo and in vitro. When purified, a soluble transmitter domain of PrrB (cPrrB) could autophosphorylate, rapidly transfer phosphate to PrrA, and stimulate dephosphorylation of phospho-PrrA. Unphosphorylated PrrA activated transcription from a target cytochrome c 2 gene (cycA) promoter, P2, which contained sequences from −73 to +22 relative to the transcription initiation site. However, phosphorylation of PrrA increased its activity since activation of cycA P2 was enhanced up to 15-fold by treatment with the low-molecular-weight phosphodonor acetyl phosphate. A mutant PrrA protein containing a single amino acid substitution in the presumed phosphoacceptor site (PrrA-D63A) was not phosphorylated in vitro but also was not able to stimulate cycA P2 transcription. PrrA-D63A also had no apparent in vivo activity, demonstrating that aspartate 63 is necessary both for the function of PrrA and for its phosphorylation-dependent activation. The cellular level of wild-type PrrA was negatively autoregulated so that less PrrA was present in the absence of oxygen, conditions in which the activities of many PrrA target genes increase. PrrA-D63A failed to repress expression of the prrA gene under anaerobic conditions, suggesting that this single amino acid change also eliminated PrrA function in vivo.
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Gomelsky, Larissa, Oleg V. Moskvin, Rachel A. Stenzel, Denise F. Jones, Timothy J. Donohue, and Mark Gomelsky. "Hierarchical Regulation of Photosynthesis Gene Expression by the Oxygen-Responsive PrrBA and AppA-PpsR Systems of Rhodobacter sphaeroides." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 24 (October 17, 2008): 8106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01094-08.

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ABSTRACT In the facultatively phototrophic proteobacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides, formation of the photosynthetic apparatus is oxygen dependent. When oxygen tension decreases, the response regulator PrrA of the global two-component PrrBA system is believed to directly activate transcription of the puf, puh, and puc operons, encoding structural proteins of the photosynthetic complexes, and to indirectly upregulate the photopigment biosynthesis genes bch and crt. Decreased oxygen also results in inactivation of the photosynthesis-specific repressor PpsR, bringing about derepression of the puc, bch, and crt operons. We uncovered a hierarchical relationship between these two regulatory systems, earlier thought to function independently. We also more accurately assessed the spectrum of gene targets of the PrrBA system. First, expression of the appA gene, encoding the PpsR antirepressor, is PrrA dependent, which establishes one level of hierarchical dominance of the PrrBA system over AppA-PpsR. Second, restoration of the appA transcript to the wild-type level is insufficient for rescuing phototrophic growth impairment of the prrA mutant, whereas inactivation of ppsR is sufficient. This suggests that in addition to controlling appA transcription, PrrA affects the activity of the AppA-PpsR system via an as yet unidentified mechanism(s). Third, PrrA directly activates several bch and crt genes, traditionally considered to be the PpsR targets. Therefore, in R. sphaeroides, the global PrrBA system regulates photosynthesis gene expression (i) by rigorous control over the photosynthesis-specific AppA-PpsR regulatory system and (ii) by extensive direct transcription activation of genes encoding structural proteins of photosynthetic complexes as well as genes encoding photopigment biosynthesis enzymes.
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Metz, Sebastian, Andreas Jäger, and Gabriele Klug. "In Vivo Sensitivity of Blue-Light-Dependent Signaling Mediated by AppA/PpsR or PrrB/PrrA in Rhodobacter sphaeroides." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 13 (April 24, 2009): 4473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00262-09.

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ABSTRACT Formation of photosynthesis complexes in Rhodobacter sphaeroides is regulated in a redox- and light-dependent manner by the AppA/PpsR and PrrB/PrrA systems. While on the one hand, blue light is sensed by the flavin adenine dinucleotide-binding BLUF domain of AppA, on the other, light is absorbed by bacteriochlorophyll signals through PrrB/PrrA. We show that much smaller quantities initiate the AppA-mediated response to blue light than the bacteriochlorophyll-mediated response.
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Ewann, Fanny, Mary Jackson, Kevin Pethe, Andrea Cooper, Nathalie Mielcarek, Danielle Ensergueix, Brigitte Gicquel, Camille Locht, and Philip Supply. "Transient Requirement of the PrrA-PrrB Two-Component System for Early Intracellular Multiplication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Infection and Immunity 70, no. 5 (May 2002): 2256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.5.2256-2263.2002.

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ABSTRACT Adaptive regulation of gene expression in response to environmental changes is a general property of bacterial pathogens. By screening an ordered transposon mutagenesis library of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we have identified three mutants containing a transposon in the coding sequence or in the 5′ regions of genes coding for two-component signal transduction systems (trcS, regX3, prrA). The intracellular multiplication capacity of the three mutants was investigated in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. Only the prrA mutant showed a defect in intracellular growth during the early phase of infection, and this defect was fully reverted when the mutant was complemented with prrA-prrB wild-type copies. The mutant phenotype was transient, as after 1 week this strain recovered full growth capacity to reach levels similar to that of the wild type at day 9. Moreover, a transient induction of prrA promoter activity was observed during the initial phase of macrophage infection, as shown by a prrA promoter-gfp fusion in M. bovis BCG infecting the mouse macrophages. The concordant transience of the prrA mutant phenotype and prrA promoter activity indicates that the PrrA-PrrB two-component system is involved in the environmental adaptation of M. tuberculosis, specifically in an early phase of the intracellular growth, and that, similar to other facultative intracellular parasites, M. tuberculosis can use genes temporarily required at different stages in the course of macrophage infection.
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Oh, Jeong-Il, In-Jeong Ko, and Samuel Kaplan. "The Default State of the Membrane-Localized Histidine Kinase PrrB of Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1 Is in the Kinase-Positive Mode." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 23 (December 1, 2001): 6807–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.23.6807-6814.2001.

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ABSTRACT The PrrBA two-component activation system of Rhodobacter sphaeroides plays a major role in the induction of photosynthesis gene expression under oxygen-limiting or anaerobic conditions. The PrrB histidine kinase is composed of two structurally identifiable regions, the conserved C-terminal kinase/phosphatase domain and the N-terminal membrane-spanning domain with six transmembrane helices framing three periplasmic and two cytoplasmic loops. Using a set of PrrB mutants with lesions in the transmembrane domain, we demonstrate that the central portion of the PrrB transmembrane domain including the second periplasmic loop plays an important role in both sensing and signal transduction. Signal transduction via the transmembrane domain is ultimately manifested by controlling the activity of the C-terminal kinase/phosphatase domain. The extent of signal transduction is determined by the ability of the transmembrane domain to sense the strength of the inhibitory signal received from the cbb 3 terminal oxidase (J.-I Oh, and S. Kaplan, EMBO J. 19:4237–4247, 2000). Therefore, the intrinsic (“default”) state of PrrB is in the kinase-dominant mode. It is also demonstrated that the extent ofprrB gene expression is subject to the negative autoregulation of the PrrBA system.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PrrAB"

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Laguri, Cédric. "Structural characterisation of PrrA from 'Rhodobacter sphaeroides'." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401261.

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2

Fedotova, Yana. "Analysis of the Role of PrrA, PpsR and FnrL in Intracytoplasmic Membrane Differentiation of Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1 Using Transmission Electron Microscopy." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1281811892.

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Turner, Keith Holte. "Bistability in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10159.

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The opportunistic pathogen P. aeruginosa is a leading cause of hospital-accquired infections, and is also the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). In this thesis, I describe the identification and characterization of a novel LysR-type transcription regulator (LTTR) of P. aeruginosa named BexR. I show that BexR exhibits reversible ON/OFF bistable expression, which leads to the bistable expression of several genes including one encoding a virulence factor. I present results suggesting that this bistable expression depends on positive feedback of BexR. This work illuminates the simplicity with which a transcription regulatory network can exhibit a complex behavior and generate phenotypic diversity in a clonal population.
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Vasconcelos, Maria Madalena Noronha de. "Dos Antecedentes do PNRA à Produção e Gestão do Espaço no Projeto de Assentamento Amaralina – Vitória da Conquista (uma fonte de cobiça)." Instituto de Geociências, 2007. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/17804.

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Este estudo analisa dois grandes contextos temporalmente opostos, porém análogos ao modelo da estrutura agrária brasileira. Um diz respeito aos fatores estruturantes do processo de formação territorial e aos problemas relativos à questão fundiária brasileira. O outro está na implementação do Plano Nacional de Reforma Agrária (PNRA), em 1985. Apesar da política de pactuação entre o governo e setores populares, a reação da classe dominante contra o Plano, e os compromissos do Estado com esta classe, restringiu este a um instrumento que tentou melhorar a forma de consolidação das relações capitalistas no campo, sem efetivamente modificar a estrutura agrária que a despeito desse processo, continuou bastante concentrada. O Plano Regional de Reforma Agrária (PRRA) foi oficialmente implantado na Bahia em 1986, respeitando as diretrizes do PNRA. Mas as ações efetivas deste, só tiveram inicio em 1987, quando o Estado criou um aparato burocrático, materializado pela Companhia de Desenvolvimento e Ação Regional (CAR), que juntamente com o INCRA e a Prefeitura de Vitória da Conquista, formaram uma “tríade tutelar” na produção e gestão do espaço do Projeto Amaralina. O Município de Vitória da Conquista em situação de crise estrutural, ocasionada pela perda de subsídios por parte do Governo Federal aos cafeicultores, num acordo institucional, incluiu em 1987, o primeiro projeto de assentamento da Região Sudoeste da Bahia, o Projeto de Assentamento Amaralina. Nos procedimentos metodológicos, utilizouse a pesquisa documental com leituras sobre Reforma Agrária, Estado e os fundamentos teórico-metodológicos da Geografia, tendo como eixo orientador para interpretação dos fenômenos as categorias de análise da geografia ― Território, lugar, região e paisagem ― donde o espaço foi a própria categoria estruturante. Com base nos pressupostos da Pesquisa- Ação procedeu-se reuniões e entrevistas com os assentados e técnicos das instituições que operaram o PRRA. Fundamentada no método dialético através da observação participante estes dois movimentos operados em escalas geográfica ― visto tempo-espacial em seus diferentes tamanhos de realidade ― nos permitiram constatar que a forma de distribuição de terras adotada pelo PNRA/PRRA, com políticas compensatórias, não atingiu os objetivos desse plano que almejava a reprodução econômica nos projetos de assentamentos. O saldo da aplicação de “parcos” investimentos, tanto causou diferenciação no próprio lócus do PA Amaralina como os fragmentou na capacidade produtiva ― devido à orientação para investimento na atividade pecuária ― e nas relações sociais. A situação no assentamento Amaralina e de maneira geral para os pequenos produtores é um contexto de proletarização rural, com renda negativa, baixa produtividade e diminuição das propriedades menores.
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"Genetic and Biochemical Insights into the Mycobacterial PrrAB System as a Regulator of Respiration and Central Metabolism." Doctoral diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.53852.

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abstract: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis, is the 10th leading cause of death, worldwide. The prevalence of drug-resistant clinical isolates and the paucity of newly-approved antituberculosis drugs impedes the successful eradication of Mtb. Bacteria commonly use two-component systems (TCS) to sense their environment and genetically modulate adaptive responses. The prrAB TCS is essential in Mtb, thus representing an auspicious drug target; however, the inability to generate an Mtb ΔprrAB mutant complicates investigating how this TCS contributes to pathogenesis. Mycobacterium smegmatis, a commonly used M. tuberculosis genetic surrogate was used here. This work shows that prrAB is not essential in M. smegmatis. During ammonium stress, the ΔprrAB mutant excessively accumulates triacylglycerol lipids, a phenotype associated with M. tuberculosis dormancy and chronic infection. Additionally, triacylglycerol biosynthetic genes were induced in the ΔprrAB mutant relative to the wild-type and complementation strains during ammonium stress. Next, RNA-seq was used to define the M. smegmatis PrrAB regulon. PrrAB regulates genes participating in respiration, metabolism, redox balance, and oxidative phosphorylation. The M. smegmatis ΔprrAB mutant is compromised for growth under hypoxia, is hypersensitive to cyanide, and fails to induce high-affinity respiratory genes during hypoxia. Furthermore, PrrAB positively regulates the hypoxia-responsive dosR TCS response regulator, potentially explaining the hypoxia-mediated growth defects in the ΔprrAB mutant. Despite inducing genes encoding the F1F0 ATP synthase, the ΔprrAB mutant accumulates significantly less ATP during aerobic, exponential growth compared to the wild-type and complementation strains. Finally, the M. smegmatis ΔprrAB mutant exhibited growth impairment in media containing gluconeogenic carbon sources. M. tuberculosis mutants unable to utilize these substrates fail to establish chronic infection, suggesting that PrrAB may regulate Mtb central carbon metabolism in response to chronic infection. In conclusion, 1) prrAB is not universally essential in mycobacteria; 2) M. smegmatis PrrAB regulates genetic responsiveness to nutrient and oxygen stress; and 3) PrrAB may provide feed-forward control of the DosRS TCS and dormancy phenotypes. The data generated in these studies provide insight into the mycobacterial PrrAB TCS transcriptional regulon, PrrAB essentiality in Mtb, and how PrrAB may mediate stresses encountered by Mtb during the transition to chronic infection.
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Microbiology 2019
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6

Tavadian, Alexandre. "Statutory, judicial, and administrative stays in immigration matters." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4432.

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La grande majorité des causes tranchées par la Cour fédérale relève du droit de l’immigration. Environ 80% des causes plaidées devant la Cour fédérale sont en matière d’immigration. La plupart des causes qui se rendent à la Cour fédérale aboutissent au renvoi de la personne concernée. La requête en sursis est généralement le dernier recours que la personne peut exercer afin d’éviter ou à tout le moins retarder son renvoi du Canada. Près de 800 de ces requêtes en sursis ont été décidées par la Cour fédérale en 2008. Malgré un si grand nombre de causes et malgré le rôle important que ces requêtes peuvent jouer dans la vie d’une personne, aucun auteur n’a organisé et présenté les règles législatives et jurisprudentielles qui s’appliquent à ces procédures. Aucun livre, article ou commentaire n’a été rédigé sur ce sujet. De même, il n’existe aucun cours d’université ni de formations professionnelles sur les requêtes en sursis. Le droit des sursis consiste exclusivement de la jurisprudence des cours fédérales. Ainsi, on s’attend à ce qu’un avocat prépare une requête en sursis intuitivement. Toutefois, à cause de la nature urgente de cette procédure, il est pratiquement impossible pour un avocat inexpérimenté de se préparer adéquatement et de bien représenter les intérêts de son client. Beaucoup de causes ayant un fort potentiel sont perdues par manque d’expérience de l’avocat ou à cause d’une préparation inadéquate. La jurisprudence émanant de la Cour fédérale relativement aux sursis semble être incohérente et parfois même contradictoire. Ce livre organise, présente et explique de façon claire et concise le droit des sursis. Plus particulièrement, nous examinerons en détail les trois types de sursis – les sursis législatifs, administratifs et judiciaires. Tant les juges que les plaideurs trouveront cet ouvrage de référence utile dans la préparation et l’adjudication des causes.
The vast majority of cases heard and determined by the Federal Court of Canada relate to immigration law; approximately 80% of the cases adjudicated by the Federal Court of Canada are immigration matters. Most immigration cases that reach the Federal Court of Canada eventually result in the individual’s removal. A motion for a stay of removal is generally the last recourse a person can seek in order to avoid or, at least, delay his or her removal from Canada. Nearly 800 such motions were adjudicated by the Federal Court of Canada in 2008. Despite such a considerable number of cases and the important role these proceedings play in a person’s life, no author has ever attempted to organize and present the legislative and jurisprudential rules that govern stays. No books, articles or commentaries have been written to analyze the cases rendered on motions for a stay of removal. No document compiling decisions relating to stay of removal has ever been prepared. Similarly, universities and other institutions do not offer courses or professional development training on this subject. The law relating to stays consists exclusively of cases decided by the Federal Court. A lawyer is expected to prepare a stay motion almost intuitively. Yet, the urgent nature of these proceedings makes it practically impossible for inexperienced counsel to conduct adequate research and properly represent the interests of their client. Hence, many strong cases are lost due to a lack of experience and inadequate preparation. Many excellent lawyers practicing immigration law refuse to introduce such proceedings before the Federal Courts because they are not familiar with the principles governing stays. The law of stays in an immigration context resembles a legal patchwork because the case law is often inconsistent and at times contradictory. This book organizes, presents, and explains, in a clear and concise manner, the law of stays. In particular, this book examines the three types of stays: legislative, administrative and judicial. Judges and practitioners alike will find this quick reference tool very useful when dealing with motions for a stay of removal.
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Books on the topic "PrrAB"

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Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária. Plano regional de reforma agrária--PRRA. Brasília?]: Ministério da Reforma e do Desenvolvimento Agrário, Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária, 1986.

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Instituto Nacional de Colonizacao e Reforma Agraria. Plano regional de reforma agraria (PRRA): Sao Paulo. [Sao Paulo?]: Ministerio da Reforma e do Desenvolvimento Agrario, Instituto Nacional de Colonizacao e Reforma Agraria, 1986.

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Plano regional de reforma agrária, PRRA. [Brasília?]: Ministério da Reforma e do Desenvolvimento Agrário, Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária, 1986.

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Ltd, ICON Group. PRAB, INC.: Labor Productivity Benchmarks and International Gap Analysis (Labor Productivity Series). 2nd ed. Icon Group International, Inc., 2000.

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Ltd, ICON Group. PRAB, INC.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (Financial Performance Series). 2nd ed. Icon Group International, Inc., 2000.

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Gosvami, Satsvarupa Dasa, and Aghraya Dasa. Niti-Sastras: Sayings of Canakya and Hitopadesa As Quoted by Srila Prabhupada. GN Press, 1995.

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Nīti-sāstras: Sayings of Caṇakya and Hitopadeśa as quoted by Śrīla Prabhupada. Port Royal, Pa: GN Press, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "PrrAB"

1

Wischnewski, Erik. "Das Konzept ProAb®." In Modernes Projektmanagement, 113–20. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-86871-8_11.

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Wischnewski, Erik. "Realisierung am Beispiel des Einsatzes von PROAB." In Modernes Projektmanagement, 67–85. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-89476-2_4.

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Wischnewski, Erik. "Realisierung am Beispiel des Einsatzes von PROAB®." In Modernes Projektmanagement, 87–107. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-85971-6_4.

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"Δ(lac - proAB)." In Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Informatics, 518. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9_4596.

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"PRRAC Board of Directors and Social Science Advisory Board." In Challenges to Equality: Poverty and Race in America, 381–84. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315291574-58.

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Conference papers on the topic "PrrAB"

1

Kuczera, Ramon C., Zissimos P. Mourelatos, Efstratios Nikolaidis, and Jing Li. "A Simulation-Based RBDO Method Using Probabilistic Re-Analysis and a Trust Region Approach." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86704.

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Abstract:
A simulation-based, system reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) method is presented which can handle problems with multiple failure regions. The method uses a Probabilistic Re-Analysis (PRRA) approach in conjunction with a trust-region optimization approach. PRRA calculates very efficiently the system reliability of a design by performing a single Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. Although PRRA is based on MC simulation, it calculates “smooth” sensitivity derivatives, allowing therefore, the use of a gradient-based optimizer. The PRRA method is based on importance sampling. It provides accurate results, if the support (set of all values for which a function is non zero) of the sampling PDF contains the support of the joint PDF of the input random variables and, if the mass of the input joint PDF is not concentrated in a region where the sampling PDF is almost zero. A sequential, trust-region optimization approach satisfies these two requirements. The potential of the proposed method is demonstrated using the design of a vibration absorber, and the system RBDO of an internal combustion engine.
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Kuczera, Ramon C., Zissimos P. Mourelatos, and Efstratios Nikolaidis. "System RBDO With Correlated Variables Using Probabilistic Re-Analysis and Local Metamodels." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28130.

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Abstract:
A simulation-based, system reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) method is presented that can handle problems with multiple failure regions and correlated random variables. Copulas are used to represent dependence between random variables. The method uses a Probabilistic Re-Analysis (PRRA) approach in conjunction with a sequential trust-region optimization approach and local metamodels covering each trust region. PRRA calculates very efficiently the system reliability of a design by performing a single Monte Carlo (MC) simulation per trust region. Although PRRA is based on MC simulation, it calculates “smooth” sensitivity derivatives, allowing the use of a gradient-based optimizer. The PRRA method is based on importance sampling. One requirement for providing accurate results is that the support of the sampling PDF must contain the support of the joint PDF of the input random variables. The trust-region optimization approach satisfies this requirement. Local metamodels are constructed sequentially for each trust region taking advantage of the potential overlap of the trust regions. The metamodels are used to determine the value of the indicator function in MC simulation. An example with correlated input random variables demonstrates the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed RBDO method.
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Koutsakis, Polychronis. "Performance Evaluation of the PRRA MAC Protocol for GEO Satellite Networks." In Third IEEE International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wimob.2007.4390799.

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