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SIMMONS, GILBERT F., JOSEPH L. SMILANICK, SHAMA JOHN, and DENNIS A. MARGOSAN. "Reduction of Microbial Populations on Prunes by Vapor-Phase Hydrogen Peroxide†." Journal of Food Protection 60, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-60.2.188.
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Vapor-phase hydrogen peroxide (VPHP) was used to disinfect prunes. Concentrated hydrogen peroxide solution (35%, wt/wt) was volatilized into a stream of dried air to approximately 3.1 mg/l (wt/vol) of hydrogen peroxide. Dried prunes obtained from commercial dehydrators were treated with VPHP and compared to untreated prunes. Microbial populations were determined for treatment comparisons. Untreated dried prune microbial populations were 155, 107, and 111 CFU/g of prunes on aerobic plate count agar, potato dextrose agar, and dichloran rose bengal agar, respectively. In contrast, VPHP-treated prune microbial populations were reduced to near zero on all media after 10 minutes of VPHP exposure. The color of prunes exposed for 20 min or longer, however, showed oxidation damage. No hydrogen peroxide residues were detected 90 days after treatment.
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Lapteva, N. K., and L. V. Mitkinykh. "Expansion of assortment of functional gingerbread products." Agricultural Science Euro-North-East 20, no. 4 (August 30, 2019): 334–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2019.20.4.334-342.
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In order to expand the range of flour confectionary for healthy nutrition, documentation on new gingerbread products with increased food value was developed in 2017-2018. They are Prune gingerbread (kovrizhka) and gingerbread (pryanik) "Zabava", "Fantaziya", "Vdokhnovenie". The nutrition value of new gingerbread products is defined by the content of medium rye flour, sunflower oil, prunes, dried apricots, cocoa powder which enrich the products with many micronutrients necessary for a human body such as food fibers, mineral substances, vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Prune gingerbread exceeds the production analog (Tula gingerbread) in the content of food fibers (3.6%), vitamin E (2.9 mg%) and vitamin B1 (0.11 mg%) by 2.25; 4.1 and 1.37 times, respectively. It also has more mineral substances (K, P, Ca, Mg, Fe) in comparison with the control - 2.0; 1.3; 1.4; 2.4; 1.4 times, respectively. Energy value of Prune gingerbread is 8.8% lower than that of the production analog (Tula gingerbread). In 100 grams of Prune gingerbread and gingerbreads "Zabava", "Fantaziya", "Vdokhnovenie" there are from 2.9 to 4.0 g of polyunsaturated linoleic acid that satisfy the minimum body need a day. Gingerbreads "Zabava", "Fantaziya", "Vdokhnovenie" exceed the production analog (gingerbreads “Festivalnye”) in the content of mineral substances (K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe) in total – by 46.4; 98.4; 45.0%, respectively; in food fibers – by 1.7-2.2 times; in vitamin E – by 1.9-2.0 times. New gingerbread products are functional as they contain 26.4-36.4% of average daily body need in PUFA and 29.0-37.0% of vitamin E. Gingerbreads 'Zabava' and 'Fantaziya' contain respectively 17.0 and 20.0% of average daily body need in food fibers and 15.7% – in iron.
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T. Sabarez, Henry, and William E. Price. "A diffusion model for prune dehydration." Journal of Food Engineering 42, no. 3 (November 1999): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0260-8774(99)00115-6.
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Mika, Augustyn, Zbigniew Buler, Jacek Rabcewicz, Paweł Białkowski, and Dorota Konopacka. "Suitability Of Plum And Prune Cultivars, Grown In A High Density Planting System, For Mechanical Harvesting With A Canopy Contact, Straddle Harvester." Journal of Horticultural Research 23, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johr-2015-0017.
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AbstractThe relation of hand-harvesting cost in plum and prune production to the total costs amounts to 25-40%. Mechanical harvesting makes it possible to cut drastically both the harvesting and total costs. To test the suitability of plum and prune species to be mechanically harvested, an experimental grove (area 0.8 ha) was established in 2008. Three plum cultivars and one prune cultivar grafted on semi-dwarf and vigorous rootstocks were planted at high density (1250; 1666; 2500 trees·ha−1). During the span of full yielding (2012-2014), fruits were harvested mechanically with a canopy contact, straddle harvester in continuous motion, designed at the Institute of Horticulture in Skierniewice, to harvest tart cherry, and later adapted to harvesting plums and prunes. Trees grafted on semi-dwarf rootstock (‘Wangenheim Prune’) appeared to be more suitable for mechanical harvesting than strong-growing trees grafted onPrunus cerasiferaclone ‘Myrobalan’. Cumulative yield per ha (years 2012-2014) was the highest at the highest planting density. Trees grafted on the semi-dwarf rootstock had a higher productivity index than trees grafted on the vigorous rootstock. There was no significant difference in fruit quality related to planting distance. Mechanical harvesting was nearly 40 times more efficient than hand picking. The efficiency of mechanical harvest was from 85% to 90%. Over 5% of fruits were lost on the ground and from 1 to 5% of fruits were left on the tree. Up to 18% of the plums and no more than 10% of the prunes harvested mechanically showed some damage. They can be fully acceptable for processing, for up to 10 days, providing the potential deterioration processes are inhibited by cold storage. The large-fruited cultivars seem to be more susceptible to bruising than the small-fruited ones. For the latter, the share of marketable quality fruits within the mechanically harvested crop amounted to about 80%, which could be a good prognostic justifying further trials on the prune harvester.
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Abbasalizadeh, Shamsi, Behzad Ebrahimi, Aslan Azizi, Rogaye Dargahi, Maryam Tayebali, Sepideh T. Ghadim, Elaheh Foroumandi, et al. "Review of Constipation Treatment Methods with Emphasis on Laxative Foods." Current Nutrition & Food Science 16, no. 5 (July 14, 2020): 675–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401315666191002164336.
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Constipation is a common public health concern experienced by all individuals during their life affecting the quality of life. In this paper, we aimed to provide an overview of the existing evidence regarding the role of food ingredients, including bran, prune, fig, kiwifruit, and flax-seed in constipation treatment. We searched Scopus, Pub Med, and Science Direct by using the keywords, “laxative foods” and “constipation”, for searching studies assessing laxative food ingredients and their beneficial effects on constipation treatment and/or control. Lifestyle modifications such as increasing dietary fiber and fluid intake and daily exercise are the proposed first line treatments for constipation. Optimizing ‘diet’ as an efficient lifestyle factor may contribute to the well-being of patients. The use of laxative food ingredients including bran, prune, fig, kiwifruit, flax-seed, probiotics, and prebiotics is a convenient alternative to cope with constipation. According to previous findings, laxative food ingredients could be considered as effective treatments for subjects suffering from constipation. Many studies have assessed the pharmacological and non-pharmacological roles of these ingredients in treating constipation, however, their importance has not been thoroughly investigated.
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FUKAI, Yohichi, and Tsunetomo MATSUZAWA. "Composition Characteristics and Antioxidative Activity of Prune Calfivated in Nagano Prefecture." NIPPON SHOKUHIN KAGAKU KOGAKU KAISHI 47, no. 2 (2000): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3136/nskkk.47.97.
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Prosky, Leon, Nils-Georg Asp, Thomas F. Schweizer, Jonathan W. Devries, and Ivan Furda. "Determination of Insoluble and Soluble Dietary Fiber in Foods and Food Products: Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 75, no. 2 (March 1, 1992): 360–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/75.2.360.
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Abstract A collaborative study was conducted to validate a method to determine the Insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) and soluble dietary fiber (SDF) contents of foods and food products by using a combination of enzymatic and gravimetric procedures. The method was basically the same as that for determining total dietary fiber, which was adopted as final action by AOAC and further modified to Include changes in the concentration of buffer and base and substitution of hydrochloric acid for phosphoric acid. Thirty-nine collaborators were each sent 7 test samples In a staggered design for duplicate blind analysis. They were also sent a standard containing 4.3-5.4% IDF and 1.5-2.7% SDF. The 22 foods that were analyzed for IDF and SDF were cabbage, carrots, French beans, kidney beans, butter beans, okra, onions, parsley, chick peas, brussels sprouts, barley, rye flour, turnips, soy bran, wheat germ, raisins, Callmyrna figs, prune powder, Black Mission figs, apple powder, peach powder, and apricot powder. Both IDF and SDF values were calculated as the weight of residue minus the weight of protein and ash reported on a dry weight basis. The reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR) of the IDF results ranged from 3.68 to 19.44% for the foods analyzed; almost half the test samples had an RSDR <10%. The RSDR values for the SDF results were somewhat higher. Approximately 50% of the foods analyzed had an RSDR >20%, and 45% had an RSDR between 10 and 20%. An RSDR approaching 45% was calculated for the 2 test samples with the lowest SDF content, 1.35 and 1.90%. Raisins and prune powder had high RSDR values for both SDF and IDF. A major reason for high RSDR values seems to be filtration problems, which are avoidable by analyzing 0.5-0.25 g test samples. The method for the determination of SDF requires further study, but the method for the determination of IDF was adopted first action by AOAC International.
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Haddadi-Guemghar, Hayate, Asma Tlili, Julien Dairou, Jean-Louis Paul, Khodir Madani, and Nathalie Janel. "Effect of lyophilized prune extract on hyperhomocysteinemia in mice." Food and Chemical Toxicology 103 (May 2017): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.018.
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Alister, Claudio, Manuel Araya, Kevin Becerra, Christian Volosky, Jorge Saavedra, and Marcelo Kogan. "Industrial prune processing and its effect on pesticide residue concentrations." Food Chemistry 268 (December 2018): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.090.
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Milczarek, Rebecca R., Jonathan J. Ferry, Fatima S. Alleyne, Carl W. Olsen, Donald A. Olson, and Roland Winston. "Solar thermal drum drying performance of prune and tomato pomaces." Food and Bioproducts Processing 106 (November 2017): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2017.08.009.
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Popovic, Nikola, and Marina Vasilic. "Activity-based costing on the example of prune-drying company." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 59, no. 3 (2014): 363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas1403363p.
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This paper examines the possibility of application of the activity-based costing in a company engaged in drying fruit. Activity Based Costing (ABC) was developed due to the shortcomings of traditional cost accounting systems, which was shown to have serious limitations, on one hand, and due to the need for more accurate cost price, on the other. This is of great importance for business decision making, which requires quality data and information, because the intense technical and technological progress has significantly altered the environment companies operate in. Along with this fact, major changes in cost structure occurred, which reflected through the increase of the indirect cost portion, and decrease of direct labor and material costs. Traditional cost accounting methods allocate indirect production costs using keys which are no longer appropriate for the new circumstances, and therefore typically allocate unreasonably high amount of indirect costs to those products which are produced in larger series. ABC cost accounting system firstly allocates indirect costs to pre-defined activities, and afterwards carries them to cost and profit drivers. The application of ABC costing in Serbia is at the very beginning. Having in mind that the privatization and the restructuring phase in the economy is followed by the establishment of a new management with fresh ideas, this can be a good timing for companies to introduce modern approach and modern methods of cost accounting. ABC method is very convenient for application in service companies, food processing industry, confectionery companies, driers, sugar refineries, breweries, dairies, mills etc.
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Shang, Qingqing, Bin Wang, Jiawei Yang, Yizhi Lu, and Tongming Yin. "AN OMNI-DIRECTIONAL ELECTRIC PRUNING SAW FOR FOREST TENDING." INMATEH Vol.61 61, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35633/inmateh-61-04.
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This paper attempts to design a universal, easy-to-use pruning tool suitable for taller branches. For this purpose, the author proposed an omni-directional electric pruning saw. The saw has a 360° rotatable head, which can prune branches in all directions. Under the saw blade, a V-shaped groove was added so that the branches can be introduced, cut and released stably. A telescopic rod was included in the design to prune branches at different heights. To facilitate the retraction and release of wire, a winding reel was provided to make the wire change with the length of the rod. In addition, there is a deadlock device at the handle, which prevents the manmade safety hazards. The proposed pruning saw was tested through an experiment. The results show that the saw could be used for various branches and was 4 times more efficient than the traditional hand saw.
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Kurtulmuş, Seda, and Tuğba Kök Taş. "Gıdalarda Bulunan L-Triptofan, Serotonin, Melatonin Profilleri ve Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 3, no. 11 (November 6, 2015): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v3i11.877-885.355.
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Nowadays, depending on the progress of science and technology, our eating habits have changed. The shape and quality of nutrition is important for human health. Especially, some food components have various effect on central nervous system such as depression, anxiety, sleep, appetite. Food constituents are transported into the central nervous system via the neutral amino acids such as phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine and valine. Amino acids have an important role in human nutrition. It cannot be synthesized in the body and one of the essential amino acids that must be taken outside, trytophan, is indispensable in human nutrition because of it has the many functions. In recent years, scientific community concentrated on the various functions of L-Trytophan (L-Trp) as pioneer in the secretion of the hormones serotonin and melatoninin in the human body. The hormones serotonin and melatonin is responsible for activities such as psychology, sleep, body temperature, blood pressure balance, antioxidant effect, cancer inhibitor, sexuality, autism and circadian rhythms in human body that they are available in various foods such as milk, kefir, yogurt, orange, strawberry, grape, olive oil, walnut, prune, nut, pomegranate, coffee, kiwi and banana. In this study, L-Trp, serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis and metabolism, food profiles and in terms of their physiological and biological effects on human health has been compiled.
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Ackroyd, A., E. Sedlis, K. McArthur, T. Scheiner, B. Wekwete, R. Ghatak, and K. P. Navder. "Physical, Textural and Sensory Properties of Chocolate Cup Cakes Prepared Using Prune Puree as a Fat Replacer." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 110, no. 9 (September 2010): A73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2010.06.276.
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Ostry, V. "Alternaria mycotoxins: an overview of chemical characterization, producers, toxicity, analysis and occurrence in foodstuffs." World Mycotoxin Journal 1, no. 2 (May 1, 2008): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2008.x013.
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Microfungi of the genus Alternaria are ubiquitous pathogens and saprophytes. Many species of the genus Alternaria commonly cause spoilage of various food crops in the field or post-harvest decay. Due to their growth even at low temperatures, they are also responsible for spoilage of these commodities during refrigerated transport and storage. Several Alternaria species are known producers of toxic secondary metabolites - Alternaria mycotoxins. A. alternata produces a number of mycotoxins, including alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, altenuene, altertoxins I, II, III, tenuazonic acid and other less toxic metabolites. Tenuazonic acid is toxic to several animal species, e.g. mice, chicken, dogs. Alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, altenuene and altertoxin I are not very acutely toxic. There are several reports on the mutagenicity and genotoxicity of alternariol, and alternariol monomethyl ether. Alternariol has been identified as a topoisomerase I and II poison which might contribute to the impairment of DNA integrity in human colon carcinoma cells. Analytical methods to determine Alternaria toxins are largely based on procedures, involving cleanup by solvent partitioning or solid phase extraction, followed by chromatographic separation techniques, in combination with ultraviolet, fluorescence, electrochemical and mass spectroscopic detection. A large number of Alternaria metabolites has been reported to occur naturally in food commodities (e.g. fruit, vegetables, cereals and oil plants). Alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether and tenuazonic acid were frequently detected in apples, apple products, mandarins, olives, pepper, red pepper, tomatoes, tomato products, oilseed rape meal, sunflower seeds, sorghum, wheat and edible oils. Alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether were detected in citrus fruit, Japanese pears, prune nectar, raspberries, red currant, carrots, barley and oats. Alternariol monomethyl ether and tenuazonic acid were detected in melon. Natural occurrence of alternariol has been reported in apple juice, cranberry juice, grape juice, prune nectar, raspberry juice, red wine and lentils.
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Mika, Augustyn, Zbigniew Buler, Jacek Rabcewicz, Paweł Białkowski, and Dorota Konopacka. "The Orchard Architecture Dedicated for Mechanical Harvesting of Dessert Plums and Prunes." Journal of Horticultural Research 27, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johr-2019-0001.
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AbstractTwo plum cultivars ‘Record’ and ‘Empress’ and one prune cultivar ‘Common Prune’ were planted in spring 2014, spaced at 4.5 × 1.5 × 2.0 m, to be trained to the “Y”- and “V”-trellising systems for mechanical harvesting of dessert fruits with a canopy-contact harvester. The applied trellising systems were compared with the standard central leader system at the same spacing. Trellised trees showed a tendency to grow less well than leader-trained trees, but during the four years of training, they created a higher canopy volume than the control trees because of their spreading form. Trellised trees were able to give yields comparable to those of standard trees. Light distribution within the tree canopy was acceptable in all the training systems. After 4 years of training, the trees were suitable for mechanical harvesting. The effectiveness of mechanical harvesting varied from 85% to 90%. The quality of the fruits harvested with a canopy-contact harvester was comparable to that of manually picked fruits. The consumption of quality of fruits after mechanical harvesting rated on a 5-grade scale was 0.5 grade lower than that of manually harvested fruits. These fruits were acceptable in the local fruit market. Mechanical harvesting was 10–30 times faster compared to manual picking. The cost of the trellising system calculated per 1 ha was 2.0 times higher than that of the standard system.
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Chueca, Patricia, Guillermo Mateu, Cruz Garcerá, Alberto Fonte, Coral Ortiz, and Antonio Torregrosa. "Yield and Economic Results of Different Mechanical Pruning Strategies on “Navel Foyos” Oranges in the Mediterranean Area." Agriculture 11, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11010082.
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Pruning is one of the most manpower-consuming agricultural operations in citrus production. Mechanical pruning can help to reduce pruning time and costs. In order to obtain the knowledge of its effects on the important orange variety “Navel Foyos”, several pruning strategies that include manual pruning and various intensities of mechanical pruning were tested for three years. The results showed that in “Navel Foyos” oranges, the mechanical pruning strategies did not affect the yield nor the size of the fruit in comparison with manual pruning. In conclusion, mechanical strategies are a potential alternative to manual pruning because they reduce the time necessary to prune and the pruning costs, thereby maintaining or even increasing the yield.
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KARASAWA, Koji, Ryoji MIYASHITA, and Hajime OTANI. "Anti-allergic Properties of a Fruit Extract of Prune (Prunus domestica L.) in Mite-sensitized BALB/c Mice." Food Science and Technology Research 18, no. 5 (2012): 755–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3136/fstr.18.755.
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Herv's, C., G. Zurera, R. M. Garcfa, and J. A. Martinez. "Optimization of Computational Neural Network for Its Application in the Prediction of Microbial Growth in Foods." Food Science and Technology International 7, no. 2 (April 2001): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108201320100700209.
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The power of computational neural networks (CNN) for microbiological growth prediction was evaluated. The training set consisted of growth responses data from a combination of three strains of Salmonella in a laboratory medium as affected by pH level, sodium chloride concentration and storage temperature. The architecture of CNN was designed to contain three input parameters in the input layer and one output parameter in the output layer. For their optimization, algorithms were developed to prune the net connections, obtaining an improvement in the generalization and a decrease in the number of necessary patterns for the training. The standard error of prediction (%SEP) obtained was under 5% using twenty inputs to the net, and the result was significantly smaller than the one obtained using regression equations. Therefore, the usefulness of CNN for modeling microbial growth is appealing, and its improvement promises results that will be better than those obtained by other estimation methods up to now.
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Amaranthus, Michael P., James F. Weigand, and Rick Abbott. "Technical Commentary: Managing High-Elevation Forests to Produce American Matsutake (Tricholoma magnivelare), High-Quality Timber, and Nontimber Forest Products." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 13, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/13.4.120.
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Abstract In the Pacific Northwest, nontimber forest products account for more than $200 million in annual revenue yet there is little intentional management to promote the dozens of these harvested species. In the southern Cascade Range in Oregon, management experiments are being installed to develop and refine silvicultural practices that increase financial returns from high-elevation stands. Pretreatment measurements are complete, and harvest treatments will begin in 1998. The harvest treatments will emphasize the most valuable products: high-quality timber, American matsutake mushrooms (Tricholoma magnivelare), and other nontimber forest products such as food-flavoring extracts, decorative boughs, Christmas trees, and pine cones. Management practices will adjust species composition, remove disease and infested trees, prune target species, manage for timber on long rotations, and opportunistically manage and harvest nontimber forest products, especially the highly valued American matsutake. A comprehensive monitoring program will track ecosystem and economic variables at different temporal scales. In this paper we present management scenarios that emphasize forest function and biological diversity while providing an even flow of commercially valuable timber and nontimber forest products. West. J. Appl. For. 13(4):120-128.
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MANNS, DAVID C., JOHN J. CHUREY, and RANDY W. WOROBO. "Variable Efficacy of the Proteinaceous Antifungal YvgO in Select Fruit Juices and Teas as a Complement with UV Methods of Food Protection†." Journal of Food Protection 78, no. 10 (October 1, 2015): 1851–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-128.
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Heat-resistant fungal spores present a processing challenge for beverages and fruit juices, as thermal and UV strategies are often inadequate in reducing heat-resistant fungal burdens to acceptable levels. While effective against pathogenic or invasive bacteria, germicidal UV light treatments also fail to achieve an appreciable reduction of heat-resistant fungal spores. As an alternative, the efficacy of the antifungal protein YvgO was examined across a selection of fruit juices and teas, as well as solid model matrices. Compared with its efficacy in analogous liquid matrices, the apparent efficacy of YvgO was diminished on acidified solid matrices due to a reduction in YvgO diffusion. Using an XTT [2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide] tetrazolium dye cytotoxicity assay, the effective concentrations to reduce growth by 50% were elucidated in samples challenged with Byssochlamys fulva H25. The MICs were determined and ranged from 2 ppm in apple juice and acidified teas to approximately 3 to 12 ppm for lemonade and orange, white cranberry, blueberry, prune, cherry, and grape juices. Apple cider and nonacidified teas showed reduced efficacy, with MICs exceeding 100 ppm. Tannin-rich products readily removed YvgO from the product, impairing its efficacy. Adding bovine serum albumin as a competitive inhibitor effectively reversed the YvgO-tannin association and restored efficacy in black but not green tea matrices. When challenged with a 5-log CFU inoculum of B. fulva, the shelf lives of the products were extended for various times up to 28 days in a concentration-dependent manner. However, initial efficacy was not predictive of shelf life extension, as some products exhibited improved protection at just two- and fourfold concentrations above the MIC, while others only exhibited long-term stability when concentrations exceeded 20 times the MIC. As such, YvgO may be an attractive alternative to currently available protection strategies and will provide needed diversity for natural food protectants.
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Heyman, Lovisa, Ulrika Axling, Narda Blanco, Olov Sterner, Cecilia Holm, and Karin Berger. "Evaluation of Beneficial Metabolic Effects of Berries in High-Fat Fed C57BL/6J Mice." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/403041.
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Objective. The aim of the study was to screen eight species of berries for their ability to prevent obesity and metabolic abnormalities associated with type 2 diabetes.Methods. C57BL/6J mice were assigned the following diets for 13 weeks: low-fat diet, high-fat diet or high-fat diet supplemented (20%) with lingonberry, blackcurrant, bilberry, raspberry, açai, crowberry, prune or blackberry.Results. The groups receiving a high-fat diet supplemented with lingonberries, blackcurrants, raspberries or bilberries gained less weight and had lower fasting insulin levels than the control group receiving high-fat diet without berries. Lingonberries, and also blackcurrants and bilberries, significantly decreased body fat content, hepatic lipid accumulation, and plasma levels of the inflammatory marker PAI-1, as well as mediated positive effects on glucose homeostasis. The group receiving açai displayed increased weight gain and developed large, steatotic livers. Quercetin glycosides were detected in the lingonberry and the blackcurrant diets.Conclusion. Lingonberries were shown to fully or partially prevent the detrimental metabolic effects induced by high-fat diet. Blackcurrants and bilberries had similar properties, but to a lower degree. We propose that the beneficial metabolic effects of lingonberries could be useful in preventing obesity and related disorders.
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Mazid, Ahmed, Kamil Shideed, and Ahmed Amri. "Assessment of on-farm conservation of dryland agrobiodiversity and its impact on rural livelihoods in the Fertile Crescent." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 29, no. 4 (July 10, 2013): 366–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170513000240.
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AbstractThe Fertile Crescent encompasses a mega-center of diversity of crops and livestock of global importance. The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) coordinated a 5-year regional project funded by the Global Environment Facility to promotein situconservation of dryland agrobiodiversity in Jordan, Lebanon, the Palestinian Authority and Syria. The project focused on conserving landraces and wild relatives ofAllium, Vicia, Trifolium, MedicagoandLathyrusspp. and barley, wheat, lentil and dryland fruit trees (olive, prune, pear, pistachio, almond, cherry and apricot). ICARDA and national programs assessed the status and importance of local agrobiodiversity by surveying 570 farm households in the project target areas including the characterization of their livelihood strategies, agrobiodiversity use and household income sources. A wealth index was created considering human, natural, financial, physical and social assets and was used to classify households into four wealth quartiles. The results indicated that agriculture and agrobiodiversity continue to be important for supporting the livelihoods of poor communities in dry and mountainous regions. The poorest households obtained their income from diverse sources including crop production, off-farm labor and government employment. However, households in the highest wealth grouping are mainly dependent on income from selling livestock products and live animals. They also practiced crop production, worked off-farm and took advantage of government employment. Off-farm income was important for livelihoods in all areas, representing 43–68% of household incomes. For all groups, fruit trees were generally more important than field crops for income generation, mainly in mountainous areas. The finding of this study showed that all farmers’ groups contribute greatly to on-farm conservation of landraces, with a bigger role for poor farmers in conserving the landraces of fruit trees. Diversification of income and farming systems to include livestock, field crops and fruit trees along with off-farm activities are contributing to the conservation of agrobiodiversity in these marginal environments. Several opportunities for income increase and diversification through add-value activities and alternative sources of income are demonstrated to the custodians of dryland agrobiodiversity. Their benefits can contribute to the sustainability of agrobiodiversity conservation, provided that marketing of local products can be enhanced.
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Manyullei, Syamsuar, and Andi Imam Arundhana. "Analysis of Household Food Security Based on the Proportion of Food Expenditures and Energy Consumption in Flood-prone Areas in Wajo District." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, E (May 29, 2021): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.5874.
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BACKGROUND: Floods that inundate almost all areas in Wajo district caused difficulties for people in this district to access their daily needs, especially for foods as the distribution was inhibited. This situation was exacerbated as the food price increased leading to a greater risk of food insecurity of the household in this area. AIM: The current study aimed to determine food security in flood-prone areas in Wajo District. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional conducted in the three subdistricts in Wajo Regency. The study was conducted from March to May the year 2018. A total of 304 study participants were involved in this study. The data have been collected using the developed questionnaire and observation sheet. All data analyses were performed using SPSS. RESULTS: The result of the study shows that 139 households (46%) included in this study were in the condition of lack of food and 165 households (54%) were food insecure. Households with food-resistant and food vulnerable status were not found in the study area. CONCLUSION: Therefore, households with food insecurity should manage their income by considering providing nutritious foods based on their income situation.
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Muñoz-Vilches, Naomí C., Hans C. M. van Trijp, and Betina Piqueras-Fiszman. "Pleasure or Health? The Role of Mental Simulation in Desire and Food Choices." Foods 9, no. 8 (August 12, 2020): 1099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9081099.
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Many times, desire possesses us and impedes us from making healthier food choices. From a grounded cognition perspective, we investigated the role of two types of mental simulation (process and outcome) in desire and food choice to understand the processes that modulate them and find strategies that encourage healthier food choices. In addition to these explicit measures, we used two implicit methods to measure approach-avoidance tendencies and visual attention. Our results showed that imagining the consumption of vice and virtue foods increased desire for the product imagined and seemed to favor the choice of a vice food. However, at an implicit level, the motivation to approach and avoid food products was neutral. Imagining the post-consumption of a vice food decreased desire for the imagined food and although it tempted people at an implicit level, it made people more prone to choose a virtue food. When a vice food was imagined, attentional bias increased for all types of food regardless of the simulation. When a virtue food was imagined, there was no effect on choice, motivation nor attentional bias. In conclusion, simply imagining certain foods is a potential solution for promoting healthier and thoughtful choices.
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Noor, Rashed. "Microbiological quality of commonly consumed street foods in Bangladesh." Nutrition & Food Science 46, no. 1 (February 8, 2016): 130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-08-2015-0091.
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Purpose – The purpose of this review is to narrate the microbiological quality of variety of street foods which are largely consumed by the Bangladeshi people of all ages. However, these foods are prone to microbial contamination. Most of the vendors lack the awareness on hygiene during preparing, processing or handling the foods. The insufficiency in regular microbiological analysis further casts the possibility of disease onset. The need of microbial analyses of these foods also remains unclear to the consumers, which, in turn, results in microbial infections and intoxications remaining unnoticed. Design/methodology/approach – The present review focused on the microbiological quality of the street foods projected from the locally conducted researches on street foods, and pondered on the possible management from a microbiological perspective for ensuring consumer safety. Findings – This paper provides comprehensive information on the microbiological quality of street foods, requirement of maintenance of hygiene by the vendors and consumers and the necessity of adopting proper management during food preparation. Originality/value – Demonstration of microbial prevalence in the street foods may bring imperative information on food safety and security. The conclusive message of this review is about the general consciousness on the microbiological aspects of street food contamination.
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Langi, Grace, and Phembriah S. Kereh. "MODEL TINUTUAN TINU KEY UNTUK IBU HAMIL DAN MENYUSUI DI LOKASI RAWAN BENCANA." Jurnal GIZIDO 12, no. 1 (September 15, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.47718/gizi.v12i1.888.
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The background of this research, which is based on the phenomenon that occurs related to the pattern of eating habits during the post-disaster in volcano-prone locations in North Sulawesi. Traditional food thinness based on previous research is a nutritious meal required pregnant and nursing mothers, but the initial prescription model of the recipe requires as many as nine basic ingredients of local food that is difficult to fulfill in a state Post-disaster mountain eruptions. The purpose of this research is to produce a model of Tinutuan by observing one local foodstuffs that should not be eliminated and the content of nutritional value similar to the initial prescription. However, modifying it with local foodstuffs is located at the location of the volcano Soputan and Lokon. The research method that has been used is a research development. The results showed that organoleptic tests on ten post-disaster model models of most respondents were more fond of the model containing vegetable. The taste, color, aroma, texture, and appearance of each Tinutuan model remain the same from the initial recipe. Simpulan new prescription model with the use of local food in a mountainous area prone to erupting remains a traditional food that is liked and meets the nutritional needs of pregnant and nursing mothers. It is advisable to create an instant Tinutuan model for nutritional fullness in volcano-prone volcanic locations erupting.
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Downton, WJS, and WJR Grant. "Photosynthetic Physiology of Spur Pruned and Minimal Pruned Grapevines." Functional Plant Biology 19, no. 3 (1992): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9920309.
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Canopy development, photosynthetic performance and yield characteristics of Riesling grapevines managed by either conventional spur pruning or minimal pruning were compared over a growing season. Leaf area development 4-5 weeks after budburst was 4-5-fold greater on the minimal pruned vines due to the 6-7-fold greater number of buds that burst to produce shoots. By time of flowering (8 weeks after budburst) there was less than a 2-fold difference between the pruning treatments in leaf area per vine. At time of harvest the leaf area of spur pruned vines on a Y-shaped trellis exceeded that of minimal pruned vines. Average photosynthetic rates of leaves on shoots on minimal pruned vines were 40% higher than on spur pruned vines at 4 weeks after budburst, but average rates were similar the following week and thereafter. Calculated instantaneous photosynthetic rates for entire vines were 3-6-fold higher for the minimal pruned vines at 4-5 weeks after budburst. However, by time of flowering, vines in both treatments had similar photosynthetic rates. At harvest, spur pruned vines showed somewhat greater instantaneous carbon gain than minimal pruned vines. Carbon gain per vine per day estimated from hourly measurements of irradiance over the canopy showed a similar trend to the instantaneous rates. Leaf conductances did not differ with pruning treatment. Calculated instantaneous water loss per vine was 2-5-fold higher for minimal pruned vines 4-5 weeks after budburst, but from flowering onwards spur pruned vines were likely to use more water than minimal pruned vines. Minimal pruned vines yielded twice the quantity of fruit of spur pruned vines, but only one-quarter the dry weight of new canes. Total carbon invested in fruit, new canes and leaves, however, was similar in both pruning treatments, accounting for 60-70% of the estimated carbon gain by the vines.
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Roshni, Rita, Surendra Prasad, and Jagdish Bhati. "Enhancing leafy foods’ intake for optimal nutrition and human security in the South Pacific." South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 32, no. 1 (2014): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sp14004.
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In the Pacific Island countries (PICs) major nutritional problems are under-nutrition and micronutrient deficiencies due to low dietary intake of leafy foods. Edible leaves of food crops are some of the inexpensive abundant sources of protein, carbohydrate, minerals, vitamins and fibres. In high natural calamity-prone areas, such as PICs, people frequently remain cut-off from the external sources of food for many days and they mainly survive on leafy food material available in their surroundings. This study investigated about what leafy foods are available in Fiji, which of these are commonly consumed by people and which of these are not used. This study is based on primary data obtained by a household sample survey on a structured questionnaire by personal interview method. The study revealed that a rich variety of leafy foods are available and known to people in Fiji. However, out of twenty six leafy foods listed only ten are regularly consumed by majority of the people. A small proportion of households have used up to five leafy foods i.e. underutilization. However, there are several known leafy foods (eleven) which no one has tried i.e. such leafy foods have not been utilized. The respondents reported many constraints in improving their intakes of leafy foods: (i) higher prices of leafy foods in the market; (ii) lack of space to grow own leafy foods in their backyards; (iii) lack of knowledge about how to prepare delicious dishes out of many leafy foods material; (iv) lack of information about the nutritional value of some of the leafy crops. Hence, to popularize the consumption of underutilized or not-utilized local leafy food crops, there is a need to generate more information on nutritional aspects of those leafy food crops and disseminate it to the people.
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Ozturkogu-Budak, Sebnem. "Occurrence of Foodborne Pathogens and Molds in Turkish Foods." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 4, no. 6 (June 15, 2016): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v4i6.498-503.621.
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A survey of the occurrence of food pathogens like Salmonella, Listeria, Escherichia, Clostridium, Bacillus and Staphylococcus analyses were performed on 301 food samples from 8 different food categories such as dry legumes, milk products, meat products, fish, frozen foods, deserts, nuts and vegetables and fruits. Yeast and mold analyses were also performed on 364 food products from 9 main food categories such as dry legumes, milk products, meat products, seasonings, deserts, nuts, bee products, bakery products and dried fruits produced in Turkey. S. aureus and Salmonella were the most prevalent (1.33%) of the six isolated pathogens. The species Cl. perfringens, L. monocytogenes and B. cereus were detected with the ratios of 1.00%, 0.66% and 0.66%, respectively. Total yeast and molds occurrence were 1.65% and 9.06%, respectively. Pathogens were detected in cream cheese, spinach, strawberry and cod fish most prevalently, whereas dried fig, chilli pepper, hazelnut and bakery products were determined as foods prone to the growth of molds. The results of this study suggest that faecal contamination of water needs to be prevented, and the production and storage conditions of food materials should be improved. These findings have implications for the use of these surveillance data in developing evidence-based food policy.
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Valanou, Elisavet, Androniki Naska, Anastasia Barbouni, Michael Katsoulis, Eleni Peppa, Pavlos Vidalis, and Antonia Trichopoulou. "Evaluation of food photographs assessing the dietary intake of children up to 10 years old." Public Health Nutrition 21, no. 5 (December 4, 2017): 888–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017003354.
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AbstractObjectiveYoung children lack basic skills related to recognizing the types of foods they consume and dietary surveys often rely on parents’ response. The present study aimed to evaluate how well parents of children aged from 3 months to 10 years perceive images of portions of foods commonly consumed by young children.DesignPre-weighed, actual food portions (n 2314) were shown to the study participants who were asked to indicate the picture that corresponded to the food in view. Mean differences between picture numbers selected and shown were estimated and compared using unpaired t tests or Tukey–Cramer pairwise comparisons.SettingReal-time testing of parents’ perception of food images presenting portion sizes consumed by children up to 10 years old.SubjectsA convenience sample of 138 parents/caregivers of young children (69 % females).ResultsIndividuals selected the correct or adjacent image in about 97 % of the assessments. Images presenting amorphous solids (i.e. pies and pastries with a filling), liquid or semi-liquid dishes (i.e. soups, porridges, fruit and vegetable purées) were more prone to bias. There was no indication that personal characteristics (gender, age, educational background, age, number of offspring) were associated with differences in the way parents/caregivers perceived the food pictures.ConclusionsFood pictures may not be appropriate to quantify the intake of liquid, semi-liquid or amorphous solid foods in surveys addressing young children and studies evaluating their performance as food portion anchors should ensure the inclusion of several and various amorphous foods in the assessment.
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Alexandratos, Nikos. "The Mediterranean diet in a world context." Public Health Nutrition 9, no. 1a (February 2006): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2005932.
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AbstractObjectiveTo put the debate on the Mediterranean diet in context by highlighting historical and prospective changes in the level and composition of food consumption in the world and key Mediterranean countries.DesignData from FAO's food balance sheets are used to illustrate historical evolution. Projections to 2030 are presented from FAO's recent and ongoing work on exploring world food and agriculture futures.SettingInternational.Results and conclusionsMany developing countries are undergoing diet transitions bringing them closer to the diets prevalent in the richer countries, i.e. with more energy-dense foods. There follows an increase in the incidence of diet-related non-communicable diseases, which are superimposed on the health problems related to undernutrition that still afflict them. In parallel, many low-income countries are making little progress towards raising food consumption levels necessary for good nutrition and food security. Wider adoption of food consumption patterns akin to those of the Mediterranean diet hold promise of contributing to mitigate adverse effects of such diet transitions. However, the evolution of food consumption in the Mediterranean countries themselves is not encouraging, as these countries have also followed the trend towards higher shares of energy-dense foods. Possible policy responses to these problems include measures to raise awareness of the benefits of healthier diets and/or to change relative food prices in favour of such diets (by taxing fattening foods) or, at the extreme, making individuals who follow ‘bad’ diets, and thus are prone to associated diseases, bear a higher part of the consequent costs borne by the public health systems (tax fat people).
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Oginsky, Max F., and Carrie R. Ferrario. "Eating “junk food” has opposite effects on intrinsic excitability of nucleus accumbens core neurons in obesity-susceptible versus -resistant rats." Journal of Neurophysiology 122, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 1264–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00361.2019.
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The nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays critical roles in motivated behaviors, including food seeking and feeding. Differences in NAc function contribute to overeating that drives obesity, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In addition, there is a fair degree of variation in individual susceptibility versus resistance to obesity that is due in part to differences in NAc function. For example, using selectively bred obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats, we have found that excitability of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) within the NAc core is enhanced in obesity-prone versus -resistant populations, before any diet manipulation. However, it is unknown whether consumption of sugary, fatty “junk food” alters MSN excitability. Here whole cell patch-clamp recordings were conducted to examine MSN intrinsic excitability in adult male obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats with and without exposure to a sugary, fatty junk food diet. We replicated our initial finding that basal excitability is enhanced in obesity-prone versus obesity-resistant rats and determined that this is due to a lower fast transient potassium current ( IA) in prone versus resistant groups. In addition, the junk food diet had opposite effects on excitability in obesity-prone versus obesity-resistant rats. Specifically, junk food enhanced excitability in MSNs of obesity-resistant rats; this was mediated by a reduction in IA. In contrast, junk food reduced excitability in MSNs from obesity-prone rats; this was mediated by an increase in inward-rectifying potassium current. Thus individual differences in obesity susceptibility influence both basal excitability and how MSN excitability adapts to junk food consumption. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens of obesity-prone rats are hyperexcitable compared with MSNs from obesity-resistant rats. We found that 10 days of “junk food” exposure reduces MSN excitability in obesity-prone rats by increasing inward-rectifying potassium current and increases MSN excitability in obesity-resistant rats by decreasing fast transient potassium current. These data show that there are basal and junk food diet-induced differences in MSN excitability in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant individuals; this may contribute to previously observed differences in incentive motivation.
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Inan-Eroglu, Elif, Aylin Ayaz, and Zehra Buyuktuncer. "Formation of advanced glycation endproducts in foods during cooking process and underlying mechanisms: a comprehensive review of experimental studies." Nutrition Research Reviews 33, no. 1 (November 8, 2019): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954422419000209.
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AbstractAdvanced glycation endproducts (AGE) are a group of complex and heterogeneous molecules, sharing some common characteristics such as covalent cross-link formation among proteins, the effect of transforming the colour of food products into yellow-brown colours and fluorescence formation. AGE are linked to many diseases including diabetes, renal diseases, CVD, liver diseases, neuro-degenerative and eye disorders, female reproductive dysfunction, and even cancer. AGE are formed endogenously but are also provided from exogenous sources including diet and tobacco. Western diet, rich in processed and/or heat-treated foods, fat and sugar, increases the exposure to AGE. The foods that contain high levels of fat and protein are generally rich in terms of AGE, and are also prone to AGE formation during cooking compared with carbohydrate-rich foods such as vegetables, fruits, legumes and whole grains. The present article aimed to review the literature about the effects of different cooking methods and conditions on the AGE content of food and AGE formation mechanisms using a comprehensive approach.
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Adi, Annis Catur, Dini Ririn Andrias, and Qonita Rachmah. "The potential of using wild edible animals as alternative food sources among food-insecure areas in Indonesia." Journal of Health Research 34, no. 3 (February 6, 2020): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhr-07-2019-0156.
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PurposeThis study aims to assess the household food security status and explore the potency of wild edible animals as a food source in the food insecurity–prone area of Bangkalan district, Madura, Indonesia.Approach/methodology/designThis cross-sectional quantitative study used a mixed-method approach. A total of 66 participants were purposively recruited. Household food security was assessed using the short version of the U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module (US-HFSSM). A list of available wild edible animals was obtained from each interview using a structured questionnaire. For the qualitative study, an in-depth interview was conducted among key informants at subvillage level.FindingsWe found that 33.4 percent of households were food insecure. At least 18 kinds of wild edible animal protein consumed by the respondents were identified in the study area, which consisted of five kinds of insects, five kinds of fish, three types of birds, and two mammals. Most of the wild edible animals were rich in protein.Originality/valueWild edible animals can be promoted to support household food security. Villagers did not usually consider consuming wild edible animals as a normal practice as there were concerns about the taste and safety of eating wild animal foods. Methods of processing and cooking foods to improve the taste and safety aspects need to be explored. The information obtained from this study adds more evidence related to the potential of edible wild animals as a food alternative for households in food-insecure areas.
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Pilar Martínez-Ruiz, María, Pablo Ruiz-Palomino, Ricardo Martinez-Canas, and Juan José Blázquez-Resino. "Consumer satisfaction and loyalty in private-label food stores." British Food Journal 116, no. 5 (April 28, 2014): 849–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-09-2012-0216.
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Purpose – This study aims to determine which factors underlie the store attributes that contribute to a particular food store image. Furthermore, heightened recent attention to private labels in the food retailing industry creates the need to assess whether the factors vary, depending on customers' brand proneness and their impact on key marketing performance variables (satisfaction, attitudinal loyalty, behavioural loyalty). Design/methodology/approach – The proposed analysis features 211 questionnaires out of a sample of 391 consumers surveys gathered in four different store formats; 137 of which were completed by consumers who admitting being private label prone, and 74 pertaining to consumers who considered themselves national brand prone. The underlying food store factors were identified using factorial analysis of principal components, and their influence on consumers' satisfaction and loyalty was evaluated with linear parametric regression models. Findings – Store attributes related to providing sufficiently convenient purchasing experiences and a special atmosphere are most important for private label brand-prone consumers and enhance their satisfaction, attitudinal loyalty and behavioural loyalty. For national brand-prone consumers, attributes related to quality are more important for enhancing marketing performance variables. Research limitations/implications – The results enable a clear identification of food store factors that vary with the consumer segment being considered (private label prone consumers vs. national brand prone), as well as their differential impacts on key marketing performance variables. Practical implications – To appeal to private label-prone consumers, food retailers should put particular emphasis on the attributes of the store itself, especially those that enhance convenience and the pleasantness of the store atmosphere. To attract national brand-prone consumers, they primarily need to highlight aspects related to quality. Originality/value – This research emphasises the importance of building competitive strategies in food retailing based on: an increased knowledge about the attributes and factors that food consumers value more highly; and brand type preferences.
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Das, Arun K., Pramod Kumar Nanda, Nilabja Roy Chowdhury, Premanshu Dandapat, Mohammed Gagaoua, Pranav Chauhan, Mirian Pateiro, and Jose M. Lorenzo. "Application of Pomegranate by-Products in Muscle Foods: Oxidative Indices, Colour Stability, Shelf Life and Health Benefits." Molecules 26, no. 2 (January 17, 2021): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020467.
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In recent years, considerable importance is given to the use of agrifood wastes as they contain several groups of substances that are useful for development of functional foods. As muscle foods are prone to lipid and protein oxidation and perishable in nature, the industry is in constant search of synthetic free additives that help in retarding the oxidation process, leading to the development of healthier and shelf stable products. The by-products or residues of pomegranate fruit (seeds, pomace, and peel) are reported to contain bioactive compounds, including phenolic and polyphenolic compounds, dietary fibre, complex polysaccharides, minerals, vitamins, etc. Such compounds extracted from the by-products of pomegranate can be used as functional ingredients or food additives to harness the antioxidant, antimicrobial potential, or as substitutes for fat, and protein in various muscle food products. Besides, these natural additives are reported to improve the quality, safety, and extend the shelf life of different types of food products, including meat and fish. Although studies on application of pomegranate by-products on various foods are available, their effect on the physicochemical, oxidative changes, microbial, colour stabilizing, sensory acceptability, and shelf life of muscle foods are not comprehensively discussed previously. In this review, we vividly discuss these issues, and highlight the benefits of pomegranate by-products and their phenolic composition on human health.
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Erkkola, Maijaliisa, Maija Salmenhaara, Bright I. Nwaru, Liisa Uusitalo, Carina Kronberg-Kippilä, Suvi Ahonen, Riitta Veijola, Mikael Knip, and Suvi M. Virtanen. "Sociodemographic determinants of early weaning: a Finnish birth cohort study in infants with human leucocyte antigen-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 2 (May 21, 2012): 296–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012002595.
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AbstractObjectiveTo assess the most important sociodemographic determinants of age at introduction of complementary foods in infancy.DesignA prospective birth cohort with increased risk of type 1 diabetes, recruited between 1996 and 2004. The families completed at home a follow-up form on the age at introduction of new foods and, for each clinic visit, a structured dietary questionnaire with 3 d food records.SettingData from the Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) Project, Finland.SubjectsA cohort of 5991 infants (77 % of those invited) belonging to the DIPP Nutrition Study.ResultsSixty-three per cent of the infants were introduced to complementary foods, including infant formula, before the age of 4 months. The median age at introduction of infant formula was 1·5 months (range 0–18 months) and that of the first other complementary food 3·5 months (range 0·7–8 months). All sociodemographic and lifestyle factors studied were associated with the age at introduction of infant formula and/or first other complementary food. Female sex of the infant, being born in the southern region of Finland, living in a rural municipality, the presence of siblings, the mother or the father being a high-school graduate, high maternal professional education and maternal non-smoking during pregnancy predicted later introduction of complementary foods.ConclusionsCompliance was relatively poor with the current recommendations for the age of introducing complementary foods. Small-sized young families with less well-educated parents were most prone to introduce complementary foods early.
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Alemu, Habtamu, Wei Wu, and Junhong Zhao. "Feedforward Neural Networks with a Hidden Layer Regularization Method." Symmetry 10, no. 10 (October 19, 2018): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym10100525.
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In this paper, we propose a group Lasso regularization term as a hidden layer regularization method for feedforward neural networks. Adding a group Lasso regularization term into the standard error function as a hidden layer regularization term is a fruitful approach to eliminate the redundant or unnecessary hidden layer neurons from the feedforward neural network structure. As a comparison, a popular Lasso regularization method is introduced into standard error function of the network. Our novel hidden layer regularization method can force a group of outgoing weights to become smaller during the training process and can eventually be removed after the training process. This means it can simplify the neural network structure and it minimizes the computational cost. Numerical simulations are provided by using K-fold cross-validation method with K = 5 to avoid overtraining and to select the best learning parameters. The numerical results show that our proposed hidden layer regularization method prunes more redundant hidden layer neurons consistently for each benchmark dataset without loss of accuracy. In contrast, the existing Lasso regularization method prunes only the redundant weights of the network, but it cannot prune any redundant hidden layer neurons.
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Conti, Cecilia, Annamaria Costa, Claudia Balzaretti, Vincenzo Russo, and Doriana Tedesco. "Survey on Food Preferences of University Students: from Tradition to New Food Customs?" Agriculture 8, no. 10 (October 4, 2018): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8100155.
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Humankind currently consumes more resources than our planet is able to generate. In our web survey, we investigated insects and earthworms, as a possible future food source. We targeted the survey to university students, as the possible future consumers and trendsetters of new food. A total of 3556 university students (18–29 years old) completed it. The aims of this study were to evaluate participants’ food preferences and their willingness to taste foods containing terrestrial invertebrates. Data were processed using Cronbach’s alfa to assess the reliability of each constructs. The food preferences showed pizza-focaccia and pasta at the highest rankings, followed by fruit and vegetables. Males have a higher preference for any kind of animal protein source. Gender influenced food preference and willingness to eat food with insect or earthworm ingredients. The results indicated that students were prone to consider novel food into the Italian diet and to familiarize with them in the future. Insects/earthworms were more accepted in salty snacks. Highlighting the essential amino-acids daily requirements of a snack with earthworm meal did not improve the willingness to taste it. Information and awareness of future global food demand can play a fundamental role in accepting new food.
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Ali Asghar and Dr. Bhoomi Gupta T. "Food Distribution Application for Disaster Response." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 6, no. 12 (December 5, 2020): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst061228.
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Food Distribution Application For Disaster Response is one of the innovative and contemporary topic in these days that consider to be esteemed idea. This project is based on the distribution of food items to the needy ones who struck at disaster prone area with the help of drone (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle).This drone is handled by remote control by a human operator. It can be operated remotely in real-time or pre-programmed to fly independently on the pre-defined routes. This drone has Bluetooth in-built through which it can be connected with people who afflicted in a disaster prone area. Drone has camera in-built through which it captures the picture of calamity area. This application has the functionality that it alarms the nearby people or government relief workers so that people may vacate from the catastrophic area. This paper presents a systematic review of contributions on relief distribution networks in response to disaster.
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Arjmandi, Bahram, Kelli George, Lauren Ormsbee, Neda Akhavan, Joseph Munoz, Elizabeth Foley, and Shalom Siebert. "The Short-Term Effects of Prunes in Preventing Inflammation and Improving Indices of Bone Health in Osteopenic Men." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa040_005.
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Abstract Objectives Osteoporosis is a public health concern for both women and men. Chronic inflammation contributes to bone loss; therefore, foods rich in antioxidants, such as prunes, are of great interest. Previously, dietary intervention with prunes has been shown to prevent orchidectomy-induced decreases in BMD, microstructure, and biomechanics in male rats; however, there is a need for this to be studied in a clinical setting in adult males. Methods Thirty-five men between the ages of 55 and 80 with moderate bone loss were included. The men were randomized into one of three groups: 100 g prunes daily, 50 g prunes daily, or control group. All three groups also consumed a multivitamin containing 450 mg calcium and 800 IU vitamin D. Serum samples from the baseline and three-month time points were analyzed for biomarkers of bone turnover, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Results After three months, daily consumption of 100 g prunes was associated with a significant decrease in serum concentrations of osteocalcin (P < 0.001). Consumption of 50 g of prunes was associated with significant decreases in systolic blood pressure, and serum osteocalcin concentrations (P = 0.040), and an increase in the OPG: RANKL ratio (P = 0.041). There were also significant decreases in systolic blood pressure, OPG (P = 0.004), RANKL (P = 0.010), and osteocalcin (P = 0.049) in control group. There was a significant group*time effect for changes in OPG (P = 0.019) and the OPG: RANKL ratio (P = 0.029). Conclusions Decreases in osteocalcin indicate a decrease in bone turnover, and a higher OPG: RANKL ratio indicates that more RANKL is bound to OPG, and not to osteoclasts, thus downregulating osteoclast activity. Therefore, regular consumption of either 100 g or 50 g dried plum for three months may make some contributions to bone formation and bone turnover activity, and minimal contribution to decreasing inflammation and improving bone density and quality. Funding Sources USDA/NIFA, California Prune Board, and Shaklee.
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Tonon, Karina M., Mercedes G. R. Reiter, Milena de Oliveira Dutra, Geovana D. Savi, and Vildes M. Scussel. "Dietary Intake of Mycotoxin Susceptible Foods by Brazilian Nursing Mothers." Current Nutrition & Food Science 16, no. 6 (July 15, 2020): 953–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401315666191009094147.
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Background: The human milk has several health benefits to the mother and child, and it is the ideal form of nutrition for infants. However, some food contaminants such as mycotoxins can be transferred from the mother to the child through breast milk. Objective: To access the dietary intake of mycotoxin susceptible foods by nursing mothers. Methods: The dietary intake of mycotoxin susceptible foods was investigated by interviewing nursing mothers (n = 86), who were registered donors of the Human Milk Bank (HMB) of Blumenau (Brazil), through a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The mothers were contacted and those who agreed to answer the FFQ were recruited for the study group. The interview was conducted individually, face to face with each mother, by a trained researcher. The FFQ was divided into three food Groups (vegetables, animal and beverages, respectively), considered most prone to mycotoxins contamination. Socio-demographic characteristics of the mothers were also obtained. Results: The FFQ revealed a high weekly intake of foods susceptible to fungi and mycotoxin contamination. Consumption of wheat, coffee and cow’s milk was reported by 52, 44 and 51% of the mothers, respectively. The consumption of those foods occurred daily to more than 7 times per week. Conclusion: The study revealed that Brazilian nursing mothers frequently consume foods susceptible to mycotoxin contamination, especially wheat and its by-products. Brazilian health, environmental and agriculture authorities should pay permanent attention by applying monitoring programs to grains and cereals - both imported and domestically produced - as they are highly susceptible to fungi and mycotoxin contamination, which can be transferred to infants via breastfeeding, apart from harming the general population health.
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Syarief, Rizal, Sumardjo, Agit Kriswantriyono, and Yulia Puspadewi Wulandari. "Food Security Through Community Empowerment in Conflict Prone Area Timika Papua." Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 22, no. 3 (December 27, 2017): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18343/jipi.22.3.163.
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Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis, Maria, Phyllis E. Bowen, Erum A. Hussain, Bernadette I. Damayanti-Wood, and Norman R. Farnsworth. "Chemical Composition and Potential Health Effects of Prunes: A Functional Food?" Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 41, no. 4 (July 2001): 251–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20014091091814.
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Broekema, Roline, Marcelo Tyszler, Pieter van 't Veer, Frans J. Kok, Agnès Martin, Anne Lluch, and Hans T. J. Blonk. "Future-proof and sustainable healthy diets based on current eating patterns in the Netherlands." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 112, no. 5 (August 7, 2020): 1338–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa217.
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ABSTRACT Background To keep global warming <1.5°C as recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), eating patterns must change. However, future diets should be modeled at a national level and respect cultural acceptability. Objectives We aimed to identify diets among Dutch adults satisfying nutritional and selected environmental requirements while deviating minimally from the baseline diet among Dutch adults. Methods We calculated per capita food system greenhouse gas emission (GHGE) targets derived from the IPCC 1.5-degree assessment study. Using individual adult dietary intake from the National Food Consumption Survey in the Netherlands (2007–2010) to form a baseline, we used quadratic optimization to generate diets that followed the baseline Dutch diet as closely as possible, while satisfying nutritional goals and remaining below GHGE targets. We considered 12 scenarios in which we varied GHGE targets [2050: 1.11 kg of carbon dioxide equivalent (kg CO2-eq) per person per day (pppd); 2030: 2.04 kg CO2-eq pppd; less strict 2030: 2.5 kg CO2-eq pppd; no target], modeled eating patterns (food-based dietary guidelines; flexitarian; pescatarian; lacto-ovo-vegetarian; vegan), and conducted exploratory analyses (food diversity; acceptability; food chain interdependency). Results Optimized solutions for 2030 required major decreases (<33% of baseline values) in consumption of beef, pork, cheese, snacks, and butter and increased consumption (>150% of baseline values) of legumes, fish and shellfish, peanuts, tree nuts, vegetables, soy foods, and soy drink. Eight food groups were within 33%–150% of the baseline diet among Dutch adults. The optimized solution complying to the lowest GHGE target (2050) lacked food diversity, and the (lacto-ovo) vegetarian and vegan optimized diets were prone to nutritional inadequacies. Conclusions Within Dutch eating habits, satisfying optimization constraints required a shift away from beef, cheese, butter, and snacks toward plant-based foods and fish and shellfish, questioning acceptability. Satisfying 2050 food system GHGE targets will require research in consumer preferences and breakthrough innovations in food production and processing.
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Uddin, Md Ektear. "Household Food Security Status of Marginal Farmers in Selected Storm Surge Prone Coastal Area of Bangladesh." Agriculturists 10, no. 1 (July 1, 2012): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i1.11070.
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The objective of the study was to understand and describe the household food security status of the marginal farmers in a selected storm surge prone coastal area of Bangladesh. The study also assessed the extent of livelihood vulnerability and coping strategies of the storm surge affected marginal farmers. To collect data from the 30 randomly selected respondents a pre-tested structured interview schedule was administered during 01 to 10 October 2010. The finding reveals that maximum marginal farmers were food insecured (56.67%), while 30% were moderately food secured and only 13% were food secured. Though adequate food was available in local markets those were beyond affordability. The partial food security was due to poor food utilization in marginal farmers family. The most three vulnerable options of livelihood for the marginal farmers were crop farming, fish farming and livestock farming. The respondent farmers adopted six self coping strategies and three assisted coping strategies to cope with the vulnerability and food insecurity. The self coping strategies were decreasing the number and size of daily meals, consumption of wild food, selling labour at very low rate, selling fixed and movable household assets, contracting new loan at a high interest rate and cultivation of short duration crop. On the other hand, assisted coping strategies include relief food, social network and begging.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i1.11070The Agriculturists 2012; 10(1): 98-103
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Supardi, Suprapti, Erlyna Wida Riptanti, and Aulia Qonita. "STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN KETAHANAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI PADA DAERAH RAWAN BANJIR DI KABUPATEN BOJONEGORO." Jurnal AGRISEP 13, no. 1 (March 10, 2014): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jagrisep.13.1.75-90.
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This research aim to make the development strategy of food security in farmer household at flood prone area in Bojonegoro. The location decided by purposive random sampling. The methode that used SWOT analysis. The research shows that the food security on the fourth quadrant. The development strategy at this quadrant is stability. This strategy consist of a) Introduction technology of floating rice in flood area. b) Improvement program P2KP. c) Improvement Demapan. d) Living harmony with flood, e) Introduction rice seeds that stand with poll water. f) Establish the barn at village, g) Establishment the barn at farmer household, h) Early warning system, i) Control the pets and diseses of plant, j) Development of horticultural crops on former flooding land. k) Making strategic planning of food security in Food Security Office.Keywords : development strategy, food security, flood prone
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Ekpakpale, Daniella O., Bart Kraak, Martin Meijer, Kolawole I. Ayeni, Jos Houbraken, and Chibundu N. Ezekiel. "Fungal Diversity and Aflatoxins in Maize and Rice Grains and Cassava-Based Flour (Pupuru) from Ondo State, Nigeria." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 8 (August 4, 2021): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7080635.
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Grains and cassava-based foods serve as major dietary sources for many households in Nigeria. However, these foods are highly prone to contamination by moulds and aflatoxins owing to poor storage and vending practices. Therefore, we studied the fungal diversity in maize, cassava-based flour (pupuru), and rice vended in markets from Ondo state, Nigeria, and assessed their aflatoxin levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Molecular analysis of 65 representative fungal isolates recovered from the ground grains and pupuru samples revealed 26 species belonging to five genera: Aspergillus (80.9%), Penicillium (15.4%), and Talaromyces (1.9%) in the Ascomycota; Syncephalastrum (1.2%) and Lichtheimia (0.6%) in Mucoromycota. Aspergillus flavus was the predominant species in the ground grains and pupuru samples. Aflatoxins were found in 73.8% of the 42 representative food samples and 41.9% exceeded the 10 μg/kg threshold adopted in Nigeria for total aflatoxins.
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Borovik, T. E., N. G. Zvonkova, O. L. Lukoyanova, T. V. Bushueva, T. N. Stepanova, V. A. Skvortsova, I. N. Zaharova, et al. "Opportunities for primary prevention of allergy in infants due to the introduction of hypoallergenic complementary feeding products." Russian Journal of Allergy 12, no. 5 (December 15, 2015): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36691/rja449.
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Background. To evaluate the tolerability of the industrial complementary feeding products (grain, fruit and vegetables, meat-based) in healthy children and children at high risk of allergies developing. Methods. The study included 90 children aged 4-6 months with breastfeeding, mixed or artificial feeding, who had not received any complementary food before. The children were healthy or had a high risk for development of allergic disease. Complementary foods (porridge, vegetables, meat and fruits) were administered based on an individual plan depending on age, nutritional status and nature of feces. Tolerability of products, dynamics of weight and height and laboratory parameters were evaluated. At the beginning and at the end of the study, capillary blood was taken to determine the specific IgE (sIgE) to the proteins of cow’s and goat milk, apples, pears, prunes, zucchini, broccoli, cauliflower, rice, maize, buckwheat, turkey meat, and rabbit meat (quantitative allergy diagnostics using an express method). In addition, a scatological study was performed. Results. The level of specific IgE to food allergens in all children under the study was within normal range (0-135 IU/ml) both initially and after the administration of all studied complementary foods. Conclusion. The investigated complementary foods have a low sensitizing potential, including children with a high risk for development of allergic disease. This allows us to describe the industrial complementary feeding products as hypoallergenic.