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1
Davenport, Thomas L. "Pruning Strategies to Maximize Tropical Mango Production From the Time of Planting to Restoration of Old Orchards." HortScience 41, no. 3 (June 2006): 544–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.3.544.
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Pruning is an unavoidable necessity of virtually all arboreal fruit crops. In the tropics and subtropics, pruning of mango (Mangifera indica L.) is particularly important due to its tendency for frequent flushes, especially in humid tropics. Commercial orchards must maintain control of both tree size and orchard productivity in order to remain productive. Tip, formation, and severe pruning can be used in a variety of circumstances to produce predictable and useful results for a variety of purposes. For example, tip pruning can be used to encourage frequent flushing and branching of young trees to bring them into commercial production years earlier than if left alone. It can also stimulate timely flushes of lateral stems in an annual program to maintain tree size and prepare trees for synchronous flowering. Formation pruning shapes trees in an overgrown orchard to receive the maximum amount of light for high productivity and sets them up for annual pruning in a flowering management program. Severe pruning coupled with subsequent tip pruning of huge, nonproductive trees facilitates rapid restoration of orchard production. Each of these types of pruning can be used to get mango trees into production quickly and thereafter maintain maximum annual production while maintaining their desired size.
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Negrón, Claudia, Loreto Contador, Bruce D. Lampinen, Samuel G. Metcalf, Yann Guédon, Evelyne Costes, and Theodore M. DeJong. "How different pruning severities alter shoot structure: a modelling approach in young ‘Nonpareil’ almond trees." Functional Plant Biology 42, no. 3 (2015): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp14025.
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Axillary meristem fate patterns along shoots, also referred to as shoot structure, appear to be fairly consistent among trees within a genotype growing under similar conditions. Less is known about shoot structural plasticity following external manipulations, such as pruning. The aim of this study on almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.)) shoots was to investigate how pruning severity affects the structure of 1-year-old shoots that grew after pruning (regrowth shoots), the 2-year-old portion of shoots that remained from the previous year’s growth after pruning (pruned shoots), and whether regrowth shoots reiterate the structure of the original 1-year-old shoots before pruning. Three pruning severities were imposed and the structures along the different shoots were assessed by building hidden semi-Markov models of axillary meristem fates. The structures of regrowth and pruned shoots depended on pruning severity, but maintained some of the original shoot characteristics. Regrowth shoots developed more complex structures with severe pruning, but had simpler structures than original shoots indicating progressive simplification with tree age. Pruned shoot structures were affected by the severity of pruning, by the structure when the shoots were 1 year old, and probably by local competition among buds. Changes in structure due to pruning can be modelled and be predictable.
3
Holley, A. Gordon, Jayson F. Tate, and Eric L. Taylor. "Time and Cost Study of Pruning a 12-Year-Old Loblolly Pine Plantation." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 29, no. 4 (November 1, 2005): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/29.4.179.
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Abstract A time and motion study was conducted to determine time and cost of pruning thinned, 12-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)plantations to a height of 25 ft. The study incorporated thinning treatments to stand density indices (SDI) of 70, 120, and 170. Pruning times with labor and equipment costs were used to determine per acre and per tree pruning costs at each stand density. Pruning costs were used to determine stumpage price premiums necessary to break-even on a pruning investment. Calculations were performed with various hourly wage and interest rates. The average per tree pruning time for a pair of workers was 2 minutes and 16 seconds, which results in a net average of 11.6 trees pruned per hour per worker. Per acre combined labor and equipment costs ranged from $58.09 to $288.59 depending on stand density and wage paid. Cost per tree ranged from $0.55 to $1.00 depending on stand density and wage paid. Break-even values ranged from $63.55 to $2,584.14/ac depending on stand density, wage paid, alternative rate of return, and rotation age. South. J. Appl. For. 29(4):179–184.
4
Gurin, A. G., S. V. Rezvyakova, and N. Yu Revin. "Changes in the radiation regime and photosynthesis in the crown of an apple tree when pruning for perennial wood." Horticulture and viticulture, no. 5 (November 21, 2020): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2020-5-32-36.
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The article presents data on the study of the radiation regime and photosynthesis net productivity in the crown of an apple tree in connection with the regenerative pruning of old-aged trees. The object of the research was an apple tree of the Antonovka obyknovennaya variety, a seed stock (seedlings of cultivated varieties), planted in 1987. The test plot soil is leached chernozem. Options: 1. Established pruning (control); 2. Pruning for 5-6 year-old wood; 3. Pruning for 7-8 year-old wood. The experiment was arranged inrandomized blocks of 6 accounting trees in 3 replicates. The regenerative pruning was carried out in spring 2016. Every year damaged branches were removed in the control variant, while “wolf-like” shoots were thinned in other variants. The solar output was accounted within the daytime with the 2-hour interval from the northern and southern sides of the apple tree crown in its center, as well as under the crown at a distance of 1, 2 and 3 meters from the periphery to the center of the crown. The measurements were carried out after the growth activity cessation in the fine weather in August with a universal albedometer M-69 coming with a galvanometer GSA-1. The net productivity of leaves was determined by the method of A. S. Ovsyannikov in parallel, taking into account solar radiation. It is revealed that the regenerative pruning has a considerable impact on the performance of the solar output. The greatest arrival of solar radiation is noted on the periphery of the crown. In the treatment with pruning branches for 5-6 year-old wood, this parameter was 10.5-13.5 % higher than in the control variant. Pruning branches for 7-8 year-old wood improved lighting conditions by 27.6-31.7 % compared to the control. In the lower part of the crown, the radiation regime is less favorable for the photosynthesis process relative to the central part of the crown. Regenerative pruning increased the photosynthesis productivity significantly. In the central part of the crown, the highest parameters of the net photosynthesis productivity were observed on the periphery on the southern side when pruning for 7-8 year-old wood - 7.81 g of dry basis/m2 *day.
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Zenner, Eric K., Klaus J. Puettmann, and Jerome A. Krueger. "Early Growth Responses of Naturally Regenerated Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus L.) to Partial Release from Juvenile Aspen and Pathological Pruning." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/22.1.27.
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Abstract Height, breast height diameter, and basal diameter growth responses of 7- to 12-year-old naturally regenerated eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) to partial release from juvenile (15-year-old) trembling and bigtooth aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx. and Populus grandidentata Michx.) and pathological pruning were monitored over four growing seasons. Pathological pruning is the removal of disease-infected branches before the disease can reach the stem or the removal of lower branches that are most susceptible to infection. Results indicated that seedling growth responses to release and pruning depended strongly on the height stratum to which a seedling belonged. Whereas growth rates of small white pine up to 190 cm tall were significantly reduced by increasing aspen densities and by pruning, growth rates of white pine taller than 190 cm were not significantly affected by either aspen density or pruning. Effects of pruning on small white pine were restricted to the first 2 years after release, after which growth rates were similar between pruned and unpruned individuals. This likely was due to natural crown recession of unpruned white pine, which brought crown lengths and crown ratios closer to those of pruned individuals. Besides affecting natural crown recession rates and growth of small unpruned white pines, release intensity also affected upper stratum aspen, which responded vigorously to release. Findings of this study suggest that early release from upper stratum juvenile aspen should enable the conversion of an aspen cover type to a mixture of aspen and white pine, but may have to be followed up by repeated interventions into the upper canopy stratum. It is, however, questionable if the expense of pruning to prevent blister-rust infections under a partial canopy is warranted. North. J. Appl. For. 22(1):27–34.
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Cronjé, Paul J. R., Gerard Jacobs, and Nigel C. Cook. "Pruning Affects the Development of Correlative Phenomena among Lateral Shoots in Dormant Two-year-old `Royal Gala' Apple Branches." HortScience 39, no. 5 (August 2004): 965–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.5.965.
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Two-year-old apple branches, ≈50 cm long, were selected from a commercial `Royal Gala' orchard in the Ceres (Koue Bokkeveld) region of the Western Cape, South Africa [33 °S, 945 m, 1500 Utah model chilling units (CU)]. In 2000, the branches received either cold storage at 5 to 7 °C or natural chilling in the field. In 2001, the trial was repeated, but only with field chilling. The branches received five dormant pruning treatments: control (not pruned); pruning back to the fourth lateral shoot (heading) before or after chilling; and removal of the second and third lateral shoots (thinning) before or after chilling. After pruning and chilling, the branches were removed from the orchard or cold room every 2 weeks and forced in a growth chamber at 25 °C. The rate of budburst (1/days to budburst) was determined for the terminal buds of the lateral shoots. Lateral shoots on the 2-year-old branches were categorized according to position: the most distal extension shoot, and all other laterals grouped. Removing distal tissue by pruning (heading more than thinning) enhanced the effect of chilling on the terminal buds on the lateral shoots and promoted budburst. Pruning was more effective before than after chilling. Pruning enhanced the growth potential of the terminal buds on proximal shoots on 2-year-old branches.
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Moran, Renae E., and Stephen M. Southwick. "472 Effect of Pruning on Secondary Bloom in `Bartlett' Pear." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 475C—475. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.475c.
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Secondary bloom provides fireblight infection sites in pears (Pyrus communis L.) growing in the western U.S. Five types of secondary bloom occur in `Bartlett', and one of these, Type V, occurs mainly as a result of pruning. We examined the effect of pruning dates (Feb. to Sept. 1999), shoot age ranging from 1 to 4 years old, and type of pruning cut (i.e., heading, stubbing, or thinning) on Type V secondary bloom. Pruning date was a significant factor determining whether Type V would occur. There was a greater chance for Type V to occur from pruning in February or March than for pruning from May through September. There was an increase in Type V with increase in shoot age when pruning 11 Feb., 17 Mar., 14 May, or 11 Aug. There was no shoot age effect when pruning 18 June or 30 Sept. Type of pruning cut affected the number of Type V that occurred when pruning 14 May, 18 June, or 11 Aug., but the effect of type of pruning cut was inconsistent between these dates. There was no effect of type of pruning cut when pruning 11 Feb., 17 Mar., or 30 Sept. These results indicate that summer or postharvest pruning may reduce the number of Type V secondary bloom, particularly on shoots older than one year. This information can be used to develop a pruning strategy that reduces the number of Type V secondary bloom and potentially the number of fireblight infection sites.
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Omule, S. A. Y., D. E. Paul, and L. M. Darling. "Cost of pruning Douglas-fir in coastal British Columbia." Forestry Chronicle 70, no. 1 (February 1, 1994): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc70080-1.
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Artificial pruning can increase the quantity of high-value clear lumber harvested from Douglas-fir, but the pruning cost per tree is relatively high. To prune a young Douglas-fir to 6 metres in one lift and two lifts took, respectively, 9.5 and 10.1 minutes in 14- and 18-year old stands with average spacing between trees of about 3 metres on flat or 0-30% south-facing slopes in coastal British Columbia. The associated costs were $2.09 and $2.22. This included minor travel time between trees, but excluded the cost of travelling to the site, selecting and marking trees to be pruned, and purchasing and maintaining the pruning equipment. Differences in pruning time between one-lift pruning and two-lift pruning, in one or two passes, were small. A D-handled saw was preferred to the more strenuous snap-cut pruner with ratchet-style pinions, based on observations on a pruning time-study of 5 operators. Key words: pruning saw, snap-cut pruner, pruning time, one-lift pruning, two-lift pruning
9
Kasprzyk, Winicjusz, and Szymon Jastrzębowski. "Effects of root pruning and fertilization on biometric traits of 2-year-old seedlings of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)." Forest Research Papers 77, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/frp-2016-0027.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the effects of pruning the root system and different doses of nitrogen fertilization on the height and root collar diameter of 2-year-old beech seedlings (Fagus sylvatica L.). This research was conducted in the forest nursery Muchów (Jawor Forest District, regional directorate of State Forests in Wrocław) and two different pruning treatments (no pruning and at 12 cm depth) and nitrogen fertilization doses (25 and 50 kg×ha−1) were applied. Results from an ANOVA showed statistically significant differences between the two pruning treatments (p = 0.000) as well as for the interaction of both treatment factors (p = 0.019). Root collar diameter correlated with seedling height, both of which were significantly different for the two pruning treatments (p = 0.000). No statistically significant impact by the nitrogen fertilization doses on seedling height could be observed (p = 0.125). To conclude, we found that it is reasonable to reduce the doses of nitrogen fertilization to half the recommended amount, 25 kg×ha−1, if the root system is not pruned during the second growth year. Seedlings that do receive pruning should be fertilized using the recommended nitrogen doses.
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Eskalen, A., A. J. Feliciano, and W. D. Gubler. "Susceptibility of Grapevine Pruning Wounds and Symptom Development in Response to Infection by Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora." Plant Disease 91, no. 9 (September 2007): 1100–1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-9-1100.
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Fresh to 10-month-old pruning wounds on grapevine cvs. Thompson Seedless and Cabernet Sauvignon were inoculated with Phaeoacremonium aleophilum or Phaeomoniella chlamydospora at approximately 1 × 106 spores/ml. Successful infection was determined by isolation of the pathogen from necrotic margins of cankers or from vascular discoloration assessed 4 months after each inoculation date. Disease incidence decreased as the length of time between pruning and inoculation increased; however, wounds remained susceptible for up to 4 months. Vascular discoloration was significantly less extensive in the noninoculated control than in inoculated spurs. Reduction of shoot length in both cultivars varied depending on pruning wound age at the time of inoculation. In a separate study, inoculation of fresh pruning wounds of Cabernet Sauvignon resulted in successful infection regardless of the time of pruning from February to December.
11
George, AP, and RJ Nissen. "Effects of cincturing, defoliation and summer pruning on vegetative growth and flowering of custard apple (Annona cherimola x Annona squamosa) in subtropical Queensland." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 6 (1987): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9870915.
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Trunk cincturing at monthly intervals from budbreak to mid January had no significant effects on vegetative flushing or flowering of 6-year-old custard apple trees (Annona cheriinola x Annona squamosa) cv. Pink's Mammoth in subtropical Queensland. In contrast, pre-budbreak defoliation with 1.0 g/L of 2- chloroethyi-phosphonic acid and 250 g/L of urea hastened, and post-budbreak defoliation and summer pruning delayed, shoot growth and flowering in 3-yearold custard apple trees, cv. African Pride. These responses were associated with a reduction in the number of flowers with defoliation and an increase after summer pruning. The main effect of summer pruning was to increase the number of subpetiolar buds which emerged on the new wood. There was no significant effect of treatments on the number of buds emerging from 1-year-old wood.
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Robinson, DF, JR Maconochie, and PJ Hanna. "Effects of rainfall and simulated browsing on the growth of Acacia georginae (F.M. Bailey) in arid central Australia." Rangeland Journal 12, no. 2 (1990): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9900079.
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Leafy shoots of Acacia georginae were subjected to different combinations of pruning and defoliation, and their subsequent growth patterns recorded over two and a half years. Rainfall and soil moisture records were also kept. Rainfall, soil moisture, new growth and old leaf loss showed variable patterns from year to year and generally were not strongly related to each other. Light pruning was followed by increased leaf growth, with apparent stimulation, whereas heavy pruning and defoliation appeared to be detrimental to growth, mainly in that removed growth was not replaced. Actual inhibition could not be established.
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Reil, Wilbur, David Ramos, and Ronald Snyder. "PRUNING VS. TREE REMOVAL OF CROWDED `HARTLEY' (JUGLANS REGIA) TREE." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 619b—619. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.619b.
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Two management systems were initiated in a 10 year old Juglans regia cv. Hartley orchard planted 8 m. × 8 m. in 1977. Annual dormant selective pruning was practiced for the next 8 years on all trees within one treatment (pruning) compared to dormant severe pruning on alternate temporary trees with no pruning on adjacent permanent trees (thinning). Temporary trees were removed in the thinning treatment in 1985. Yield, trunk cross sectional area, pruning weight and nut quality factors were evaluated each year from the 5 replicate, completely randomized trial. Yield and nut quality factors did not differ between the two treatments during the 15 years. In 1990 the pruned trial was again pruned causing a 20% drop in production (p=.06). With no additional pruning yield returned to slightly above the thinned treatment in 1991. This trial demonstrates that Hartley walnut trees (terminal bearing habit) continue to produce satisfactory crops under crowded canopy management but a tree thinning program offers other advantages which also should be considered.
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Chen, Chong, Bao-Hua Li, Xiang-Li Dong, Cai-Xia Wang, Sen Lian, and Wen-Xing Liang. "Effects of Temperature, Humidity, and Wound Age on Valsa mali Infection of Apple Shoot Pruning Wounds." Plant Disease 100, no. 12 (December 2016): 2394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-16-0625-re.
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Valsa canker, caused by Valsa mali, is a destructive disease of apple in China. The pathogen infects apple branches, mainly through pruning wounds, and causes branch and tree death. To determine the conditions required for V. mali infection through pruning wounds and growth within the xylem, pruning wounds on 1- to 4-year-old apple branches were inoculated with conidia in vitro under artificially controlled conditions and in vivo in the orchard. The effects of temperature, wetness duration, and wound age on conidial infection through pruning wounds as well as hyphal growth in the xylem were examined. The results showed that, after invading through pruning wounds, V. mali hyphae grew along xylem vessels, tracheids, and rays, expanding longitudinally and laterally. The hyphae could enter adjacent xylem vessels and tracheids through micropores to form a dense hyphal network. Wetness duration did not exhibit an essential effect on conidial infection from pruning wounds. Conidia spread to pruning wounds with rainwater could infect the xylem without any other extra moisture. Temperature for V. mali conidia infection through pruning wounds and hyphal extension in the xylem ranged from 5 to 35°C, with the optimum at 20°C. Pruning wounds made in late March were susceptible to V. mali infection in March, April, and May; the susceptibility was markedly deceased by June, and the pathogen could barely infect through the pruning wounds in November. The infected pruning wounds began to show symptoms from the spring of the following year. More than half of the observed Valsa canker lesions emerged in the spring of the second year, and new canker twigs were also developed from the inoculations in the spring of the third year. March, April, and May are the critical periods for protecting pruning wounds against infection by V. mali in China, and coating pruning wounds with protective film immediately after pruning is an easy and effective measure to protect the pruning wounds.
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DeLong, John M., and Robert M. Crassweller. "THE TIMING OF PRUNING OF PEACH TREES ON FRUIT YIELD AND QUALITY, COLD HARDINESS, CARBOHYDRATE STATUS, AND ON THE INCIDENCE OF CYTOSPORA CANKER." HortScience 26, no. 6 (June 1991): 728B—728. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.6.728b.
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Fruit Yield and quality measurements were taken from 10 year-old `Newhaven' peach trees pruned at prebloom (preb), full-bloom (fb), and 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks following fb. Trees were hand-pruned with dormant type thinning and heading cuts. Fruit weight and circumference tended to decrease from fb onwards, while fruit were firmer at fb+4 and fb+6 than at preb. Firmer peaches were also measured at fb+6 than at fb. Fruit color was measured on a tristimulus color scale. Value (L) indicated that lighter fruit occurred with pruning at preb, fb, and fb+4 weeks, while fruit were darker at fb+2, fb+6 and fb+8 weeks. Hue (a) indicated that trees being pruned at preb had redder fruit than those pruned at fb+2 or fb+8 weeks. Redder fruit were also measured at fb+6 than at fb+8 weeks. Chroma (b) indicated that peaches from trees pruned at fb+4 had the highest degree of yellow, while fruit from tree pruning at fb were more yellow than at fb+2, fb+6 and fb+8 weeks. Also being investigated are the pruning timing effects on cold hardiness and carbohydrate status of one year-old stems, and on Cytospora canker incidence at the pruning cuts.
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Almeida, Gustavo Klamer de, and João Caetano Fioravanço. "Yield of 'Royal Gala' apple trees in response to pruning before or after leaf drop." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 53, no. 4 (April 2018): 427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2018000400004.
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Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate different pruning times, performed before or after natural leaf drop, regarding their effects on the yield of 'Royal Gala' apple (Malus domestica) trees. The experiment was carried out in Vacaria, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, on seven-year-old trees in four harvests from 2008/2009 to 2011/2012, using a randomized block design. The following pruning times were tested: 46 days before leaf drop (DBLD); 25 DBLD; 5 DBLD; 15 days after leaf drop (DALD); 36 DALD; 55 DALD; and 75 DALD. All pruning times before natural leaf drop reduced yield per tree and fruit set. Among the pruning times before leaf drop, 46 DBLD resulted in the lowest yield. Pruning performed after natural leaf drop, still during dormancy, resulted in a higher yield per tree, in comparison with pruning times before leaf drop. The effect of pruning times on average fruit mass, pulp firmness, content of soluble solids, titratable acidity, and soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio differed between harvest years. Pruning performed at different times, before natural leaf drop, causes yield reduction in 'Royal Gala' apple trees, and the pruning time at 46 DBLD results in the lowest yield.
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Yang, S., S. Xing, C. Liu, Z. Du, H. Wang, and Y. Xu. "Effects of root pruning on the vegetative growth and fruit quality of Zhanhuadongzao trees." Horticultural Science 37, No. 1 (February 16, 2010): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/29/2009-hortsci.
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The effects of root pruning on the vegetative growth and fruit quality of six-year-old Zhanhuadongzao (<I>Ziziphus jujube</I> Mill.) trees were evaluated. Three root pruning treatments (severe, moderate and light degree) were conducted at the distance of 3, 5 and 7 times trunk diameter from trunk on both inter-row sides of the trees, respectively. The results showed that the severe root pruning decreased the length of primary branch by 27.9% and the number of primary branches by 12.1% in contrast to the control of no root pruning. Compared to the control, both severe and moderate root pruning had no apparent effects on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of leaves after 35 days, but had significant effects after 161 days. Severe root pruning had larger effectiveness of controlling vegetative growth than the moderate one. By root pruning, the contents of vitamin C and total sugar were increased but the content of cypermethrin was decreased in fruits and no effects were found on total acid content of fruit and yield at harvest. In the rhizosphere soil, root pruning decreased the microbial populations and enzymes activities but increased the concentrations of cypermethrin, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It is proposed that the removal of root at 3 times trunk diameter distance from trunk was feasible to regulate the vegetative growth and fruit quality of Zhanhuadongzao tree.
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Agustí-Brisach, C., M. León, J. García-Jiménez, and J. Armengol. "Detection of Grapevine Fungal Trunk Pathogens on Pruning Shears and Evaluation of Their Potential for Spread of Infection." Plant Disease 99, no. 7 (July 2015): 976–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-14-1283-re.
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Four vineyards visibly affected by trunk diseases were surveyed at pruning time in 2012 and 2013 in Spain, to determine whether pruning tools are capable of spreading grapevine trunk diseases from vine to vine. In each vineyard, pruning shears were regularly rinsed with sterile water, collecting liquid samples for analysis. Molecular detection of grapevine fungal trunk pathogens (GFTPs) was performed by nested polymerase chain reaction using specific primers to detect Botryosphaeriaceae spp. Eutypa lata, Cadophora luteo-olivacea, Phaeoacremonium spp., and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora. All of these GFTPs, with the exception of E. lata, were detected in samples from the four vineyards, C. luteo-olivacea and Phaeoacremonium spp. being the most prevalent. Co-occurrence of two, three, or four different GFTPs from the same sample were found, the simultaneous detection of C. luteo-olivacea and Phaeoacremonium spp. being the most prevalent. In addition, fungal isolation from liquid samples in semiselective culture medium for C. luteo-olivacea, Phaeoacremonium spp., and P. chlamydospora was also performed but only C. luteo-olivacea was recovered from samples collected in three of four vineyards evaluated. Pruning shears artificially infested with suspensions of conidia or mycelial fragments of C. luteo-olivacea, Diplodia seriata, E. lata, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum, and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora were used to prune 1-year-old grapevine cuttings of ‘110 Richter’ rootstock. Successful fungal reisolation from the cuttings 4 months after pruning confirmed that infested pruning shears were able to infect them through pruning wounds. These results improve knowledge about the epidemiology of GFTPs and demonstrate the potential of inoculum present on pruning shears to infect grapevines.
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Weller, Andreas. "Auswirkungen der Wertastung auf das Douglasien-Wachstum: Ergebnisse aus Nordwestdeutschland." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 170, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2019.0207.
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Effects of pruning on the growth of Douglas-fir: findings from northwestern Germany Owing to Douglas-firs' insufficient self-pruning ability, for the production of high-grade wood, manual pruning is mandatory. Pruning of live branches increases the branch-free tree volume considerably. Branchiness is important for grading wood quality, but with pruning this detrimental characteristic loses its significance for the value of the Douglas-fir asset. In 1980, trials were conducted in the forest district of Ahlhorn (Lower Saxony, Germany) with three-year-old Douglas- firs to test the effects of live pruning on tree growth. The sample material consists of 93 trees which were periodically pruned beginning from a height of 6 to 8 m up to 20, 40 and 60% of tree height, as well as of 9 Douglas-firs of the unpruned control group. However, only specimens with a pruning height of 60% had live branches removed at each pruning. By means of a multivariate linear regression model the effects of pruning on the dependent variates diameter at breast height (dbh), tree height, stem taper of the butt log and maximum branch diameter approximately at a whorl's height of 5 m were studied up to the age of 39 years. Pruning of live branches had a significant effect on periodic radial growth as well as on bottom log allocation, though not on tree height or branch diameter. Live prune led to moderate reduction of radial increment and had a positive effect on stem taper. The results of the study largely agree with earlier studies on the effects of pruning on Douglas-fir growth.
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Eysteinsson, Throstur, and Michael S. Greenwood. "Promotion of flowering in young Larixlaricina grafts by gibberellin A4/7 and root pruning." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 9 (September 1, 1990): 1448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-191.
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Flowering was promoted on potted, indoor, and field-grown 3-year-old juvenile and mature Larixlaricina (Du Roi) K. Koch grafts by foliar sprays of the plant-growth regulator gibberellin A4/7 and root pruning. Biweekly gibberellin A4/7 applications of three different durations, commencing at the start of long-shoot elongation, yielded similar increases in female flowering in the greenhouse; this effect was synergistically enhanced by root pruning. Male flowering was promoted by gibberellin A4/7 + root pruning in mature but not juvenile grafts. In the field, female flowering was also promoted by the gibberellin A4/7 treatment commencing at the start of shoot extension, but gibberellin A4/7 applications starting later were not effective. Grafted scions from mature trees responded significantly better to gibberellin A4/7 + root pruning than did seedling scions.
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Guimond, Charlotte M., Gregory A. Lang, and Preston K. Andrews. "Timing and Severity of Summer Pruning Affects Flower Initiation and Shoot Regrowth in Sweet Cherry." HortScience 33, no. 4 (July 1998): 647–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.4.647.
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To examine the effect of timing and severity of summer pruning on flower bud initiation and vegetative growth, 4-year-old `Bing' cherry trees (Prunus avium L.) were pruned at 31, 34, 37, 38, or 45 days after full bloom (DAFB) with heading cuts 20 cm from the base of current-season lateral shoot growth, or at 38 DAFB by heading current-season lateral shoot growth at 15, 20, 25, or 30 cm from the base of the shoot. The influence of heading cut position between nodes also was examined by cutting at a point (≈20 cm from the shoot base) just above or below a node, or in the middle of an internode. Summer pruning influenced the number of both flower buds and lateral shoots subsequently formed on the shoots. All of the timings and pruning lengths significantly increased the number of both flower buds and lateral shoots, but differences between pruning times were not significant. There was significantly less regrowth when shoots were pruned just below a node or in the center of an internode, rather than just above a node, suggesting that the length of the remaining stub may inhibit regrowth somewhat. The coefficient of determination (r2) between flower bud number and regrowth ranged from -0.34 to -0.45. In young high-density sweet cherry plantings, summer pruning may be useful for increasing flower bud formation on current-season shoots. The time of pruning, length of the shoots after pruning, and location of the pruning cut can influence subsequent flower bud formation and vegetative regrowth.
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Miller, Stephen S., and Ross E. Byers. "Response of Winter-injured Peach Trees to Pruning." HortTechnology 10, no. 4 (January 2000): 757–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.10.4.757.
Full textAbstract:
Seven-year-old `Blake'/`Lovell' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees were subjected to four pruning levels (none, light, heavy, and dehorned) each at three times (April, May, and June) in a factorial arrangement following freezing injury in January 1994. Pruning had a significant effect on canopy height, canopy volume and fruit yields. Peach trees pruned in April or dehorned (severe pruning) had less canopy volume in the first fruiting season (1995) after the pruning treatments were initiated than trees pruned in May or June and light or heavy pruned trees. In 1995, yields were lower for trees pruned in June, nonpruned or dehorned trees in 1994. These treatments also produced fewer large fruit at harvest and thus reduced dollar returns per hectare in 1995. In 1996, fruit numbers and fruit sizes did not differ among treatments, but dehorned trees had lower returns per hectare because trees were smaller. The results of this study indicate that peach trees subjected to moderate winter injury should be pruned no later than 2 to 3 weeks after bloom using a heavy level of pruning. There appears to be no economic advantage to dehorn pruning even though canopy volume can be reduced resulting in a smallertree with high quality wood. The results clearly illustrate the long-term negative effect of dehorn pruning on yields resulting from reduced canopy volume. Mean number of cankers per tree increased over time from 1995 through 1998, but pruning treatments did not affect the number of cankers produced. Pruning treatments did affect the size of cankers and the number with visible gumming.
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Perrette, Guillaume, Sylvain Delagrange, and Christian Messier. "Optimizing Reduction Pruning of Trees Under Electrical Lines: The Influence of Intensity and Season of Pruning on Epicormic Branch Growth and Wound Compartmentalization." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 46, no. 6 (November 1, 2020): 432–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2020.031.
Full textAbstract:
Reduction pruning of the main stem is commonly used during the maintenance of power lines to encourage the establishment and development of scaffold limbs away from wires. Understanding the physiology of epicormic branch initiation and growth as well as wound compartmentalization following reduction pruning are important for optimizing the pruning cycle and maintaining healthy and safe trees. In this study, the influence of both intensity and time of year of pruning on epicormic branch response and wound compartmentalization was investigated on 56 11-year-old Pennsylvania ash trees (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) about 5 to 7 m in height within a controlled nursery environment. During the second growing season following reduction of the main stem, the number, height, and volume of epicormic branches, as well as tallest epicormic branches and the area of discolored wood, increased with pruning intensity. Pruning during the leaf-on season compared to the leaf-off season limited the establishment and development of epicormic branches without affecting wound-closure rate or the area of wood discoloration at the cutting point. Results are consistent with the known seasonal fluctuation of carbohydrates reserves. In the context of the electrical distribution network, where trees are subjected to pruning throughout the year, trees pruned in summer during a maintenance cycle could be pruned during the next cycle, in winter, and so on, to optimize the return interval of the pruning cycle.
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Sharma, D. P., and Niranjan Singh. "Effect of rejuvenation pruning on the growth, productivity and disease incidence in declining trees of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Kandhari Kabuli." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 358–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i1.1630.
Full textAbstract:
Pruning of fruit trees is an important aspect for the improvement of fruit quality and to minimize the pests and disease attack. Pruning was performed in the month of December in seven year old unpruned trees of Punica granatum cv. Knadhdri Kabuli having many interfering branching and a heavy infestation of bacterial blight orchard. The pruning treatments viz., T1: Retention of 15cm fruiting shoot length, T2: Retention of 30cm fruiting shoot length, T3: Retention of 45cm fruiting shoot length, T4: Retention of 60cm fruiting shoot length and T5: control (No heading back and no thinning) plant. The results of the present investigation revealed that among different pruning treatment, the best results in terms of shoot extension (56.34 cm), fruit size (Diameter 9.66 cm and Length 9.65 cm, fruit weight (278.50 g), marketable yield (10.25 kg) and fruit qualities were in fruits from T1 and T2 where retention of 15cm fruiting shoot length respectively and retention of 30cm fruiting shoot length were maintained. However, maximum fruit set (54.73%) was recorded in control, and it decreased with increasing pruning intensity. The pruning treatments also proved beneficial in controlling bacterial blight on fruit (12.86%) and leaf surface (26.60%) to some extent.
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Elfving, D. C. "Growth and Productivity of `Empire' Apple Trees following a Single Heading-back Pruning Treatment." HortScience 25, no. 8 (August 1990): 908–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.8.908.
Full textAbstract:
Dormant heading-back of terminal extension shoots on scaffold limbs on 2-year-old `Empire'/M.26 EMLA apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) in Apr. 1985 increased shoot growth from 1- and 2-year-old limb sections. Removing competing shoots to restore a single terminal extension shoot on each scaffold on half the trees in each pruning treatment in May 1985 had little influence on shoot growth. Annual trunk enlargement was reduced in 1985 and 1986 by heading-back pruning in 1985. Trunk cross-sectional area in Fall 1989 remained smaller for trees only headed back once, in 1985. Yields were decreased in 1986 through 1989 by heading-back treatments applied in 1985.
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Wood, Bruce W. "Mechanical Hedge Pruning of Pecan in a Relatively Low-light Environment." HortScience 44, no. 1 (February 2009): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.1.68.
Full textAbstract:
Long-term productivity of commercial pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] enterprises in relatively low-light environments such as the southeastern United States are limited by excessive tree crowding as orchards age. An effective horticultural strategy for countering this problem in relatively high-light environments is mechanical hedge-type pruning; however, uncertainty persists regarding the best strategies in low-light environments. This report describes the results of a 4-year study regarding the response of ≈25-year-old ‘Desirable’ pecan trees to different mechanical hedgerow-type, moderate canopy width (i.e., 2.43-m cuts from tree axis) pruning strategies. Canopy treatments were nonpruned control (NPC), annual dormant season side-hedge pruning on two faces, annual summer season side-hedge pruning on two faces, and alternating annual dormant season side-hedge pruning on a single alternating face. Relative to the NPC treatment, all three pruning strategies: 1) reduced in-shell nut yields by roughly 19% to 38%; 2) reduced marketable nut-meat yield by ≈19% to 36%; 3) failed to stimulate shoot development or fruiting within the central interior zone of tree canopies; 4) increased kernel percentage of nuts; 5) increased nut-meat grade; 6) substantially reduced alternate bearing intensity (I = 0.51 to ≈0.20); and 7) reduced orchard crowding. Pruning-associated reductions in nut yield appear sufficient to limit the commercial usefulness of annual or biennial mechanical hedgerow-type pruning of ‘Desirable’ pecan orchards at moderate canopy widths in relatively low-light environments such as the southeastern United States.
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Thorp, T. G., and B. Stowell. "Pruning Height and Selective Limb Removal Affect Yield of Large 'Hass' Avocado Trees." HortScience 36, no. 4 (July 2001): 699–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.36.4.699.
Full textAbstract:
Avocado (Persea americana Mill. cv. Hass) trees were pruned over 3 years at either 4 or 6 m in height by removing or heading back selected limbs. Yields were compared with those from control trees with no pruning in the upper canopy. All trees had similar crop loads before pruning. Trees were at 9 × 10-m spacing and were 8 years old when first pruned. Fruit yields were recorded for 2 years before the first pruning and then in each year of pruning. In the final year, trees were harvested in four height zones: 0-2m; 2-4 m; 4-6 m; and >6 m. Cumulative yields over 3 years were similar on 6-m and control trees, but were less on 4-m trees due to the large volume of fruiting canopy removed in the first pruning. The height of the main fruiting zone was lowered on the 4-m trees, with yields in the 2-4-m zone similar to those in the 4-6-m zone of the control trees. Pruning to reduce the number and length of scaffold branches increased fruit yields on the remaining scaffolds without reducing fruit size. Results are discussed in terms of harvest efficiency and the benefits of small tree orchard systems.
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Radajewska, Bożena, and Michał Szklarz. "Growth and yielding of peach and nectarine trees after intensive regenerative pruning." Folia Horticulturae 21, no. 2 (December 1, 2009): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2013-0140.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Studies were carried out in the years 2006-2008 in Przybroda near Poznań. The objects of the studies included seven-year-old peach trees of the cultivars ‘Harnaś’, ‘Reliance’, ‘Vinegold’ and ‘Early Blaze’ nectarine. The trees were strongly damaged by frost during the winter of 2005/2006. In May 2006, intensive regenerative tree pruning was carried out. Two treatments were applied: 1. The control with no pruning treatment, where only sanitary pruning was performed; 2. Trees were pruned at the height of 1.5 m and the shoots, which were developing below that height line, were left not pruned. The pruning treatment caused the development of an abundant number of longshoots, which are valuable for fruiting, in the central part of the crowns, with a diameter greater than 0.5 cm in comparison with the control trees. In the second year after pruning, spring ground frost destroyed the flowers and fruit buds and only single fruits were harvested. In the third year after pruning, the trees bloomed very abundantly and set fruits, therefore thinning was necessary. The yield was high and in most cases, it was equal independent of the tree pruning method, giving up to 18-19 kg per tree. Differences occurred only between the particular cultivars where the yield oscillated between 11 and 25 kg per tree. The best yielding was shown by ‘Vinegold’ (over 24 kg), then ‘Harnaś’ (21 kg), while the poorest yield was obtained from ‘Reliance’ (about 11 kg).
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Santos, Roberto, Bradley H. Taylor, and Roger Kjelgren. "EFFECT OF ROOT PRUNING ON WATER RELATIONS AND SHOOT GROWTH OF `BELLAIRE' PEACH." HortScience 26, no. 6 (June 1991): 748A—748. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.6.748a.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of root pruning on shoot length and water relations of `Bellaire' peach was investigated as a means of controlling vegetative growth. On 27 April, 25 May, and 23 June, 1990, five-year-old trees were root pruned to a 0.35 m depth at either 0.4 or 0.8 m from the tree trunks along both sides of the row. Shoot growth was measured biweekly through the growing season, and the diurnal pattern of stomatal conductance and water potential was followed in late June, July, and August. Stomatal conductance of the root-pruned treatments was less than the control, while there were no differences in water potential among treatments. Reduced shoot elongation was evident within a month of root pruning at 0.4 m for all timing treatments, but at 0.8 m it varied with the date of pruning. The first root pruning at 0.4 m reduced cumulative shoot elongation 39% compared to the un-pruned control trees, while the remaining treatments reduced it 14%. While root pruning limited cumulative shoot elongation in all treatments, the earliest 0.4 m treatment was most effective, possibly due to pruning of a larger percent of the root system prior to rapid shoot elongation. Stomatal closure in root-pruned trees appeared to moderate diurnal water deficits at levels similar to the control.
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Alcorn, Philip J., Jürgen Bauhus, R. Geoff B. Smith, Dane Thomas, Ryde James, and Adrienne Nicotra. "Growth response following green crown pruning in plantation-grown Eucalyptus pilularis and Eucalyptus cloeziana." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, no. 4 (April 2008): 770–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-185.
Full textAbstract:
Pruning of live branches is performed to enhance wood quality in plantation trees. Stem, branch and wood properties may be altered following pruning from below, but the extent and duration of such effects are unknown for many plantation Eucalyptus species. The effect of 0%, 20%, 50%, and 70% green crown length removal on growth and wood quality was examined in 3.5-year-old plantation-grown Eucalyptus pilularis Sm. (blackbutt) and Eucalyptus cloeziana F. Muell. (Gympie messmate) trees on two subtropical sites in eastern Australia. Growth increment of the stem at breast height was not affected by 20% crown removal. However, stem increment at breast height was reduced for up to 8 months with 50% crown removal and up to 12 months with 70% crown removal. Pruning had no impact on height growth. However, the height of trees pruned to 70%, relative to the height of the surrounding unpruned trees, was temporarily reduced 12 months after pruning in both species. Stem form, stem taper, wood density, and residual branch growth above the pruned zone were unaffected by pruning. Owing to the fast vertical crown expansion, trees were able to rapidly compensate for leaf area removal without long-term reductions in stem growth. The implications for management operations utilizing pruning as a means of enhancing timber quality are discussed.
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Mederski, Piotr S., Dariusz Szczawiński, Dieter F. Giefing, Kwiryn Naparty, and Mariusz Brunka. "Knot soundness and occlusion time after the artificial pruning of oak." Forest Research Papers 80, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/frp-2019-0001.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Artificial pruning of trees can improve wood quality as well as enhance timber value. Currently, pruning is quite common when veneer timber or plywood is in demand. Cutting off branches, however, creates open wounds in the form of knots, which are exposed to infections. While the pruning of coniferous trees is well-studied, less research has been conducted on broadleaved trees. The objective of this study was to determine 1) if the artificial pruning of oak can lead to decaying knots, 2) if so, how big is the decaying zone around the unsound knot, and 3) how much time is needed for full knot occlusion after artificial pruning. 13- and 16-year-old oak trees located in northern Poland (Lidzbark Forest District) were choosen for this study. Ten years after pruning, sample trees were selected in order to determine if the knots were sound and how many years it had taken for each knot to occlude. The results were compared with those of knots on trees caused by natural pruning. In total, 419 and 104 knots resulting from artificial and natural pruning, respectively, were analysed. It was found that 95% of the artificially pruned knots had very little decay, showing an average of 1.13 cm of unsound knot zone. On the naturally pruned control trees, 98% of the knots were unsound with nearly double the amount of knot decay zone. Additionally, the artificially pruned knots needed less than five years to overgrow, while it took over eleven years for the naturally pruned knots to occlude. Therefore, pruning oak trees is recommended, even though a very small decay zone may appear on the knots, because it takes half the time for these artificial knots to occlude in comparison to unpruned trees.
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Knight, P. R., J. R. Harris, and J. K. Fanelli. "Root Pruning Influences Level of Embolism during Posttransplant Growth of Corylus colurna." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 689d—689. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.689d.
Full textAbstract:
Two-year-old, bareroot, Corylus colurna seedlings were grown in 7.5-L containers from 15 Mar. to 23 June 1995. Plants were grown in a glasshouse using pine bark media. Temperatures were maintained at 30/20°C. Plants received no fertilization or Osmocote 18–6–12 top-dressed at 14 or 28 g/container. Additionally, plants were pruned to remove 0%, 25%, or 50% of the root system based on root length. Height, diameter, branch number, leaf area, and root and shoot dry weight increased linearly as rate of fertilization increased. Percent embolism was not influenced by rate of fertilization. Plant height, branch number, leaf area, and root and shoot dry weight were not influenced by rate of root pruning. Plant diameter increased linearly as rate of root pruning decreased. Percent embolism increased linearly as rate of root pruning increased.
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Ross, S. D., J. E. Webber, R. P. Pharis, and J. N. Owens. "Interaction between gibberellin A4/7 and root-pruning on the reproductive and vegetative process in Douglas-fir. I. Effects on flowering." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, no. 2 (April 1, 1985): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x85-055.
Full textAbstract:
In two seed orchard trials, profuse female flowering was induced in young, but ontogenetieally mature grafts of inherently poor-flowering clones (1979) and in 9-year-old seedling-origin trees of both good- and poor-flowering families (1981) of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) by the cultural treatment of root-pruning in conjunction with stem injections of the gibberellin A4 and A7 (GA4/7) mixture. Promotion of male flowering, however, was confined to the more sexually mature grafts. As an individual treatment in the 1981 study, root-pruning was more effective than GA4/7, particularly for the poor-flowering families which did not respond well to GA4/7 alone. The two treatments combined had a highly synergistic effect on both male and female flowering, the synergism being relatively greater for the poor-flowering than for the good-flowering families. Although GA4/7 was not tested alone on grafted propagules, its use with root-pruning enhanced an already significant increase in seed- and pollen-cone buds from root-pruning alone by 540 and 92%, respectively. These and subsequent trials have shown root-pruning +GA4/7 to be a most effective cone-bud enhancement treatment for use in young Douglas-fir breeding and seed production orchards.
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Miller, Stephen S., and Ross E. Byers. "266 Response of Winter-injured Peach Trees to Pruning." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 437B—437. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.437b.
Full textAbstract:
When temperatures reach -26 °C and lower, even for brief periods of time, damage to fruit buds and woody tissue of the peach tree is common. Low temperature injury on peach can lead to bark damage, gummosis, increased incidence of perennial canker, partial or complete crop losses, reduced shoot growth and/or tree death. In Jan. 1994 the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia and surrounding states experienced three successive nights of temperatures at -28 °C or lower. Beginning in Apr. 1994, 7-year-old `Blake'/Lovell peach trees were subjected to four pruning levels (none, light, heavy, and dehorned) each at three times (April, May, and June) in a replicated factorial arrangement. Specific pruning treatments were applied only in 1994; a local commercially recommended level and time of pruning were applied to all trees from 1995 through 1998. Treatments had a significant effect on canopy volume and fruit yields. Trees receiving no pruning or dehorned trees and trees pruned in June had lower yields in 1995 than trees pruned in April or May or trees receiving a light or heavy pruning. These treatments also produced fewer large fruit at harvest. Lower yields and smaller fruit led to reduced dollar returns per hectare in 1995. Yields from 1996 through 1998 were lower for trees that were dehorned pruned in 1994 although there were little or no differences in fruit sizes between treatments. Time and/or level of pruning had effects on the number of cankers and number of large (>5.1 cm) cankers.
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Clements, Jon M., and Joseph F. Costante. "EFFECT OF DORMANT PRUNING REGIMES ON CANOPY LIGHT DISTRIBUTION, FRUIT AND SPUR QUALITY, AND FRUIT PACKOUT OF `MCINTOSH' APPLES." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 637c—637. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.637c.
Full textAbstract:
A randomized complete block study was initiated in 1991 in a fifteen year old `Rogers Red McIntosh'/9-106 interstem orchard to investigate the effect of three dormant pruning regimes- an unpruned control, selectively thinned, and heavily structured or “tiered”, on tree canopy light distribution and fruit and spur quality. Fruit quality parameters being measured for the 1991 and 1992 harvests include skin color (% red blush), weight (g.), flesh firmness (kg.), soluble solids concentration (% Brix), and packout (% fancy grade). Pruning treatment effect on fruit spur quality, in terms of spur bud diameter (mm.) and spur efficiency (leaf dry weight/spur), is also being evaluated at time of harvest. Light distribution is being measured (% PAR, umol/s/m2.) within the tree canopy from petal fall through harvest. Preliminary findings indicate there is a difference in tree canopy light distribution and some fruit quality measurements, including red skin color, between pruning regimes. Complete analysis of results from 1991 will be presented.
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Omi, S. K., and W. T. Adams. "Variation in seed set and proportions of outcrossed progeny with clones, crown position, and top pruning in a Douglas-fir seed orchard." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16, no. 3 (June 1, 1986): 502–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x86-089.
Full textAbstract:
The effects of clonal variability, crown position of cones, and top pruning on the proportions of viable outcrossed progeny [Formula: see text] and filled seeds (PF) were investigated in a 20-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seed orchard. Estimates of [Formula: see text] were derived by means of a maximum likelihood procedure from data from 10 allozyme loci. Values for [Formula: see text] and PF were significantly heterogeneous (P < 0.05) among six selected clones for all pruning treatment x clone combinations. On the average, estimated values for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] were greater in seeds collected from the upper crown [Formula: see text] than from the lower crown [Formula: see text]. Combined over crown positions, pruning appeared to have little effect on [Formula: see text], although the proportion of filled seeds was slightly lower in pruned ramets [Formula: see text] than in unpruned ramets [Formula: see text]. The overall frequency of viable selfs [Formula: see text] in the progeny of the six clones was 0.08.
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Långström, B., O. Tenow, A. Ericsson, C. Hellqvist, and S. Larsson. "Effects of shoot pruning on stem growth, needle biomass, and dynamics of carbohydrates and nitrogen in Scots pine as related to season and tree age." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 514–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-068.
Full textAbstract:
In a field experiment in central Sweden, current shoots representing one-fifth of the needle biomass were removed from Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) by hand pruning young and old trees and by inducing Tomicuspiniperda (L.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) attacks on caged young trees. Branches in the uppermost whorls were pruned in later summer, early summer, or both. Starch and nitrogen concentrations in needles were monitored for two growing seasons. After four seasons the trees were felled and effects on growth were recorded. Starch and nitrogen concentrations in needles of pruned branches decreased and increased, respectively, compared with the controls. In old trees, but not in young ones, the raised nitrogen level persisted for 3 years after pruning. Starch and nitrogen concentrations in unpruned branches of pruned whorls did not change compared with the control until these branches became pruned, i.e., each branch acted as a semiautonomous integrated physiological unit. At felling, pruned trees were short of a portion of needle biomass equal to that removed, while at the same time, the needle biomass grown out above the pruned whorls was larger than the corresponding part of the controls. Stem volume losses in old hand-pruned trees were larger than and lasted longer than in young ones and were not yet completed four growing seasons after treatment. In a stepwise linear regression analysis, final needle biomass explained most of the total variation in volume growth of young hand-pruned trees, whereas for old trees, intertree competition was more important. Responses of beetle-pruned trees were similar to those of young hand-pruned trees. Differences in response to pruning and defoliation and in recovery between young and old trees are discussed in terms of source and sink theory and of compensatory mechanisms and carbohydrate limitation, respectively.
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Maurer, Daphne, Julian K. Ghloum, Laura C. Gibson, Marcus R. Watson, Lawrence M. Chen, Kathleen Akins, James T. Enns, Takao K. Hensch, and Janet F. Werker. "Reduced perceptual narrowing in synesthesia." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 18 (April 22, 2020): 10089–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1914668117.
Full textAbstract:
Synesthesia is a neurologic trait in which specific inducers, such as sounds, automatically elicit additional idiosyncratic percepts, such as color (thus “colored hearing”). One explanation for this trait—and the one tested here—is that synesthesia results from unusually weak pruning of cortical synaptic hyperconnectivity during early perceptual development. We tested the prediction from this hypothesis that synesthetes would be superior at making discriminations from nonnative categories that are normally weakened by experience-dependent pruning during a critical period early in development—namely, discrimination among nonnative phonemes (Hindi retroflex /d̪a/ and dental /ɖa/), among chimpanzee faces, and among inverted human faces. Like the superiority of 6-mo-old infants over older infants, the synesthetic groups were significantly better than control groups at making all the nonnative discriminations across five samples and three testing sites. The consistent superiority of the synesthetic groups in making discriminations that are normally eliminated during infancy suggests that residual cortical connectivity in synesthesia supports changes in perception that extend beyond the specific synesthetic percepts, consistent with the incomplete pruning hypothesis.
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Dewi Anjarsari, Intan Ratna, Jajang Sauman Hamdani, Cucu Suherman, Tati Nurmala, and Heri Syahrian. "Pengaruh Pemangkasan dan Aplikasi Sitokinin terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Teh (Camellia sinensis)." Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar 6, no. 2 (July 30, 2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jtidp.v6n2.2019.p61-68.
Full textAbstract:
<em>Pruning on tea plants is an ecophysiological manipulation to initiate the growth of new shoots as the formation of pecco shoots. Cytokinin, one of which is benzyl amino purine (BAP), is a growth regulator that can be applied to stimulate shoot initiation after being pruned. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of pruning and cytokinin application on the growth and yield of tea. The study was conducted at the Experimental Station of the Tea and Quinine Research Center, Gambung at an altitude of 1250 m above sea level (asl), from June to August 2018. Plant material used in this study was a 7-year-old GMB 7 clone. The exerimental design used was a randomized block design (RBD) consisting of eight treatment combinations with four replications and contained 32 experimental units. The treatments used were clean and jambul/ajir pruning, 40 cm and 60 cm pruning height and BAP concentration. The variable observed were number of pecco shoots, number of banji shoots, fresh weight and dry weight of shoots. The results showed that the combination of type and height of pruning with the BAP application affected the number of pecco and banji shoots on the third picking, but did not affect the fresh and dry weight of shoots. The treatment of clean and jambul/ajir pruning at 60 cm height and added with BAP application at 60 ppm exhibited the best treatment in producing the number of shoots and reduce the number of banji shoots.</em>
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Thakre, Madhubala, Shant Lal, Shweta Uniyal, Amit K. Goswami, and Pratibha Prakash. "Pruning for crop regulation in high density guava (Psidium guajava L.) plantation." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 14, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): e0905. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2016142-7846.
Full textAbstract:
High density management and crop regulation are two important aspects in guava (Psidium guajava L.) production. Therefore, to find out the economic way of managing high density planting and crop regulation, the present work was carried out on 6-year-old guava trees of cv. Pant Prabhat under double-hedge row system of planting during 2009-10 and 2010-11. Seven different forms of pruning [FBT: flower bud thinning by hand, FBTT: flower bud thinning by hand followed by removal of terminal one leaf pair, RLFO: removal of leaves and flower buds by hand, retaining one leaf pair at the top, RLF: removal of all leaves and flowers by hand, OLPS: one leaf pair shoot pruning, FSP: full shoot pruning, OLPF: one leaf pair pruning of fruited shoots only] were studied along with control (C).Minimum annual increase in tree volume (6.764 m3) was recorded with the treatment OLPF, which was 2.31 times less than the control (15.682 m3). Highest yield during winter season (55.30 kg/tree) and total yield (59.87 kg/tree) was obtained from treatment OLPF. One leaf pair pruning of fruited shoots only (OLPF) was also found profitable among other treatments by recording cost:benefit ratio of 1:2.96. This treatment also recorded the highest return distributed in rainy as well as in winter season. On the basis of findings it can be concluded that one leaf pair pruning of fruited shoots only is suitable for profitable high density management as well as crop regulation of guava in farmer friendly manner.
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Mohamed, Abdel-Rahman, Abdel-Rahman M. A. Mohamed, Heba Sayed, Lidia Sas-Paszt, and Augustyn Mika. "A modification in an open centre training system for increasing the crotch angles of peach scaffold branches." Horticultural Science 48, No. 3 (September 24, 2021): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/64/2020-hortsci.
Full textAbstract:
One-year-old ‘Florida Prince’ cultivar peach trees grafted on a ‘Nemaguard’ rootstock were planted in the early spring of 2018 at the Centre of Agricultural Research and Experiments, Minia University, located in southwest Egypt. The trees were planted 5 × 5 m in a randomised complete block design with four replicates, with ten trees in each replicate. In the late spring, two different pruning systems were applied; traditional open centre (OC) and de-branched top trees (DBT). The OC trees were headed at 80 cm above the ground. DBT is a modification of the OC, but no heading was undertaken and the new shoot growth arising from the 20 cm at the top of the plant were removed. Before the winter pruning took place, measurements were taken on the upper two opposite branches. The average length and diameter values of the upper two opposite branches at the top of the trees trained to the OC were higher than those trained with the DBT. In contrast, the distance between the upper two branches (25 cm) at the top of the DBT trees was significantly higher. Likewise, the values of the crotch angles (48°) and the number of branches (81 of 100 branches) that showed desired crotch angles (more than 40°) were remarkably higher in the trees trained with the DBT. After the winter pruning took place, the DBT trees were higher than the OC trees. Additionally, the trees trained with the DBT had low pruning costs and took less time. Moreover, the pruning wood weight of the DBT trees was about half of the pruning wood weight of the OC trees. In conclusion, the DBT training system showed the desired impact on the crotch angles and the tested pruning characteristics.
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Vashisth, Tripti, and Taylor Livingston. "Assessment of Pruning and Controlled-release Fertilizer to Rejuvenate Huanglongbing-affected Sweet Orange." HortTechnology 29, no. 6 (December 2019): 933–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04382-19.
Full textAbstract:
Previous research has shown that Huanglongbing {HLB [causal agent Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas)]}-affected sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) trees have a reduced root-to-shoot ratio, potentially due to the high rate of root death. The diminished root system cannot support the existing aboveground canopy and a cycle of imbalance begins. As a result, the tree enters into a continuous carbohydrate stress cycle and, eventually, the tree declines. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate pruning as a strategy to adjust the root-to-shoot ratio to improve growth and productivity of HLB-affected trees. In Jan. 2015, a 3-year trial was initiated on a 14-year-old grove of ‘Hamlin’ sweet orange on Swingle citrumelo (Citrus paradisi × Poncirus trifoliate) rootstock that was symptomatic of HLB and produced less than 180 lb of fruit per tree. The four pruning treatments were as follows: 1) 0% pruning (no canopy removal), 2) 25% pruning (canopy removed), 3) 50% pruning (canopy removed), and 4) 80% pruning (canopy removed). In a split-plot design, two sources of fertilizer were evaluated in combination with the pruning: 1) conventional fertilizer [CNV (dry granular)] applied at 200 lb/acre nitrogen (N) in five split applications per year, and 2) controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) applied at 150 lb/acre N, split in three applications per year. Within each pruning treatment, half of the trees received CNV and the other half received CRF. The fertilizer treatments were applied in each of the 3 years; however, pruning was performed only once in the beginning of the experiment. The trees that were pruned produced new vegetative growth that looked healthy with no visual HLB symptoms (initially); however, the trees remained positive for CLas throughout the study as determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The 80% pruned trees grew vigorously over the course of 3 years but remained significantly smaller in canopy than control trees (0% pruning) for both CRF and CNV treatments. The 25% and 50% pruned tree canopies grew back and were similar in canopy size as 0% pruning (control) treatment by the end of year 2. At the end of the study, the use of CRF on 25% pruned trees resulted in a significantly higher leaf area index as compared with trees receiving CNV. A significant positive linear correlation was observed between canopy volume and root density; the root density decreased with intensive pruning. A significant positive correlation was also observed between canopy volume and yield, and a negative correlation between canopy volume and fruit drop. There were no significant increases in yield resulting from any pruning or fertilization treatments compared with controls (0% pruning). However, with the use of CRF, the amount of N and frequency of application were reduced. Overall, our results indicate that pruning did not improve the productivity of HLB-affected trees over the course of 3 years. Therefore, severe pruning is not a viable option to rejuvenate the HLB-affected trees.
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Ferguson, Louise, and Sergio Castro Garcia. "Transformation of an Ancient Crop: Preparing California ‘Manzanillo’ Table Olives for Mechanical Harvesting." HortTechnology 24, no. 3 (June 2014): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.24.3.274.
Full textAbstract:
As one of the oldest continuously produced tree crops in the world, it is ironic that table olive (Olea europaea) production has benefitted from few technological innovations, including harvesting. Two harvesting technologies, trunk shaking and canopy contact, have been identified. In a 2013 trial, a prototype canopy contact harvester successfully harvested 92% of a 5.3-ton/acre mechanically pruned crop, vs. 81% for a 12.8-ton/acre hand-pruned control crop in a 19-year-old, 13 × 26-ft grove, spaced at 139 trees/acre and adapted for mechanical harvesting with 6 years of mechanical topping and hedging. About 85% of the hand-pruned olives were cannable vs. 86% of the mechanically pruned olives. Over the 6 years of mechanical pruning, the mechanically pruned trees averaged an annual 4.2 tons/acre vs. 5.3 tons/acre with hand-pruned trees. Again in 2013, this same canopy contact harvester achieved 81% final harvester efficiency with a 5.8-ton/acre crop in a 12-year-old, 12 × 18-ft, 202-tree/acre, mechanically pruned hedgerow grove vs. 80% efficiency for a 5.17-ton/acre crop with hand-pruned hedgerow trees. Similarly, no significant differences in the percentage of cannable olives, fruit size distribution, or value per ton was produced by the pruning treatments. In this trial in which both hand and mechanical pruning were used to produce a hedgerow, the hand-pruned trees averaged 3.7 tons/acre vs. 4.3 tons/acre for mechanically pruned trees. In a commercial trial in 2012, the trunk-shaking harvester achieved 77% average harvester efficiency in a 40-acre, 180-tree/acre grove, with a 4-ton/acre crop prepared with both hand and mechanical pruning. These ongoing trials indicate that adapting groves with mechanical pruning does not decrease average annual yields and can produce table olive groves that can be mechanically harvested at a cost and speed that is competitive with hand harvesting.
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Urban, S. E., and G. L. Wycoff. "Densifying the Optical Reference Frame: The Tycho-2 Catalog of 2.5 Million Stars." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 180 (March 2000): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100000130.
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AbstractSince the establishment of the Hipparcos Catalog as the defining source of the optical reference frame, densification beyond its ≈ 120,000 stars has been made possible by the utilization of the Tycho-1 Catalog. The ACT, combining the old Astrographic Catalog (AC) data with the Tycho-1 positions, is the best known example of this. The Tycho-2 consortium, led by E. Høg, has performed new reductions on the Tycho data. This not only has increased the astrometric and photometric accuracies of the original 1 million Tycho-1 stars, but also has added an additional 1.5 million stars. The U.S. Naval Observatory led the effort to compute the proper motions of these 2.5 million stars. They are based not only on the AC data but also include over 140 other ground-based catalogs, all directly reduced to the Hipparcos system. The result of these efforts is the Tycho-2 Catalog, available since February 2000. Positions, proper motions, and BT and VT magnitudes are given for 2.5 million stars. The catalog is 99% complete to V=11.0, and 90% complete to V=11.5. Positional accuracies at the mean epochs vary from < 10 mas for stars V < 9 to just under 100 mas for V > 12. Proper motion accuracies are estimated to be 1.3 mas/year to 3.0 mas/year for the same magnitude ranges. Photometric accuracies range from 0.02 magnitudes for the brightest stars to 0.25 magnitudes for the faintest.
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Johnson, Kenneth B., and Todd N. Temple. "Induction of Systemic Acquired Resistance Aids Restoration of Tree Health in Field-Grown Pear and Apple Diseased with Fire Blight." Plant Disease 101, no. 7 (July 2017): 1263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-16-1772-re.
Full textAbstract:
Induction of systemic acquired resistance as a therapeutic aid to restoration of tree health was evaluated in 3- to 14-year-old pear and apple trees diseased with fire blight. Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) was applied to diseased trees in late spring near the time of removal of primary fire blight cankers, which had originated from floral infection. Suspensions of ASM (7.5 to 22.5 g of active ingredient per liter plus silicone surfactant) were painted onto a 30- to 45-cm length of branch tissue immediately below primary pruning cuts or sprayed onto an 80- to 100-cm length of central trunk. In some experiments, a second ASM treatment was made in late June to early July in conjunction with secondary pruning of redeveloped cankers. After pruning primary cankers, effects of ASM were measured by assessing weight and length of secondary cankers that were the result of fire blight redevelopment. Over 5 years of field experiments, trees that received an ASM treatments yielded 62% less diseased wood at the time of secondary and tertiary canker removal compared with non-ASM-treated trees. Moreover, tree mortality and proportion of pruning cuts where fire blight redeveloped were reduced by ASM. Induction of systemic acquired resistance could prove practical as an aid to pruning therapy in young, fire-blight-susceptible pear and apple trees where, after canker removal, disease symptoms frequently redevelop owing to residual cells of the pathogen distributed within symptomless portions of the tree.
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Ivezić, Ž., D. G. Monet, N. Bond, M. Jurić, B. Sesar, J. A. Munn, R. H. Lupton, et al. "Astrometry with digital sky surveys: from SDSS to LSST." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 3, S248 (October 2007): 537–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921308020103.
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AbstractMajor advances in our understanding of the Universe have historically come from dramatic improvements in our ability to accurately measure astronomical quantities. The astrometric observations obtained by modern digital sky surveys are enabling unprecedentedly massive and robust studies of the kinematics of the Milky Way. For example, the astrometric data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), together with half a century old astrometry from the Palomar Observatory Sky Survey (POSS), have enabled the construction of a catalog that includes absolute proper motions as accurate as 3 mas/year for about 20 million stars brighter than V=20, and for 80,000 spectroscopically confirmed quasars which provide exquisite error assessment. We discuss here several ongoing studies of Milky Way kinematics based on this catalog. The upcoming next-generation surveys will maintain this revolutionary progress. For example, we show using realistic simulations that the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) will measure proper motions accurate to 1 mas/year to a limit 4 magnitude fainter than possible with SDSS and POSS catalogs, or with the Gaia survey. LSST will also obtain geometric parallaxes with accuracy similar to Gaia's at its faint end (0.3 mas at V=20), and extend them to V=24 with an accuracy of 3 mas. We discuss the impact that these LSST measurements will have on studies of the Milky Way kinematics, and potential synergies with the Gaia survey.
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Wu, Dan, Stuart Phinn, Kasper Johansen, Andrew Robson, Jasmine Muir, and Christopher Searle. "Estimating Changes in Leaf Area, Leaf Area Density, and Vertical Leaf Area Profile for Mango, Avocado, and Macadamia Tree Crowns Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning." Remote Sensing 10, no. 11 (November 6, 2018): 1750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10111750.
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Vegetation metrics, such as leaf area (LA), leaf area density (LAD), and vertical leaf area profile, are essential measures of tree-scale biophysical processes associated with photosynthetic capacity, and canopy geometry. However, there are limited published investigations of their use for horticultural tree crops. This study evaluated the ability of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) for measuring LA, LAD, and vertical leaf area profile across two mango, macadamia and avocado trees using discrete return data from a RIEGL VZ-400 Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) system. These data were collected multiple times for individual trees to align with key growth stages, essential management practices, and following a severe storm. The first return of each laser pulse was extracted for each individual tree and classified as foliage or wood based on TLS point cloud geometry. LAD at a side length of 25 cm voxels, LA at the canopy level and vertical leaf area profile were calculated to analyse tree crown changes. These changes included: (1) pre-pruning vs. post-pruning for mango trees; (2) pre-pruning vs. post-pruning for macadamia trees; (3) pre-storm vs. post-storm for macadamia trees; and (4) tree leaf growth over a year for two young avocado trees. Decreases of 34.13 m2 and 8.34 m2 in LA of mango tree crowns occurred due to pruning. Pruning for the high vigour mango tree was mostly identified between 1.25 m and 3 m. Decreases of 38.03 m2 and 16.91 m2 in LA of a healthy and unhealthy macadamia tree occurred due to pruning. After flowering and spring flush of the same macadamia trees, storm effects caused a 9.65 m2 decrease in LA for the unhealthy tree, while an increase of 34.19 m2 occurred for the healthy tree. The tree height increased from 11.13 m to 11.66 m, and leaf loss was mainly observed between 1.5 m and 4.5 m for the unhealthy macadamia tree. Annual increases in LA of 82.59 m2 and 59.97 m2 were observed for two three-year-old avocado trees. Our results show that TLS is a useful tool to quantify changes in the LA, LAD, and vertical leaf area profiles of horticultural trees over time, which can be used as a general indicator of tree health, as well as assist growers with improved pruning, irrigation, and fertilisation application decisions.
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Crabbe, Jacques J. "Episodic Growth and Shoot Differentiation in Apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.)." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 603b—603. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.603b.
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The flushing behavior of shoot growth and its consequences on shoot differentiation are important features in fruit tree development, with regard to flowering ability. In this respect, two different approaches were applied to young `M26' apple trees. First, poorly branched 2-year-old trees were headed back, either in the second-year or in the first-year wood, at different times from right before to 6 weeks after budbreak. Early pruning resulted in rapid and prolonged regrowth, with a final very similar shaping of the tree to that of the intact controls. Late pruning, in contrast, leads to a two-step reaction (late spring and summer flushes), sometimes stronger on 2-year-old than on 1-year-old wood. In a second experiment, buds and young shoots were sampled on pruned trees in locations where they could be supposed to remain short shoots or grow long, with one or two flushes. They were weighed, their leaves and internodes measured, and the plastochron evaluated. During budbreak and the first month afterwards, shoot differentiation appears achieved. The primary difference between long and short shoot types does not consist in faster internode elongation but, rather, in faster production (reduced plastochron) of larger leaves.
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Owens, J. N., J. E. Webber, S. D. Ross, and R. P. Pharis. "Interaction between gibberellin A4/7 and root-pruning on the reproductive and vegetative processes in Douglas-fir. IV. Effects on lateral bud development." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16, no. 2 (April 1, 1986): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x86-038.
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The anatomy, mitotic frequency, size, and total insoluble carbohydrate histochemistry was studied in axillary apices from 9- and 10-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees after cone induction treatments of root-pruning and (or) stem injections of a gibberellin A4 and A7 (GA4/7) mixture. Axillary buds were initiated at the time of root-pruning, but root-pruning treatment had no effect on axillary bud initiation. Axillary apices from control and gibberellin-treated trees were similar and followed the normal sequence of bud-scale initiation, differentiation, and leaf initiation (described previously) and no cone buds differentiated. Early development of axillary apices from root-pruned and root-pruned, gibberellin-treated trees was normal, but development became retarded near the time of vegetative bud flush. Retarded apices were small with low mitotic frequency and developed many features characteristics of latent apices. Retardation of axillary apices continued until mid-July when normal development resumed and apices differentiated into reproductive buds or vegetative buds, or became latent. The trees in which the greatest retardation of apical development occurred during lateral shoot elongation produced the most cone buds. These results are discussed in relation to hypotheses proposed to explain how cultural and gibberellin treatments affect cone induction in the Pinaceae.
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Sugiyatno, Agus, NFN Yenni, and Buyung Al Fanshuri. "Pengaruh Pemangkasan Tajuk Terhadap Produktivitas dan Mutu Buah Jeruk Keprok Pulung (Effect of Pruning Canopy on Productivity and Fruit Quality of Mandarin cv Pulung)." Jurnal Hortikultura 29, no. 2 (June 20, 2020): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v29n2.2019.p199-208.
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<p>Pemangkasan merupakan tindakan dalam budidaya tanaman yang berperan penting dalam mengatur percabangan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemangkasan tajuk tanaman terhadap produktivitas dan mutu buah jeruk keprok Pulung. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2015 – Agustus 2016 di Kebun Percobaan (KP) Tlekung Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika (Balitjestro) pada tanaman jeruk keprok Pulung berumur 6 tahun. Penelitian berdasarkan Rancang Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan lima perlakuan, yaitu pemangkasan pemeliharaan (P), pemangkasan bentuk V (V), pemangkasan lorong (L), pemangkasan samping (S), dan tidak dipangkas (K). Setiap perlakuan diulang lima kali dengan sembilan unit tanaman per ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah bunga tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan pemangkasan bentuk V (V), yaitu 85,30%, jumlah buah tertinggi pada perlakuan pemangkasan bentuk V (V) dan perlakuan pemangkasan samping (S) masing-masing sebesar 208,8 buah/pohon dan 201 buah/pohon. Rerata diameter dan bobot buah tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan pemangkasan pemeliharaan (P), yaitu 66,20 mm dan 143,75 g. Dari hasil analisis buah jeruk, total gula tertinggi (7,5%) dan total asam terendah (1,79%) diperoleh pada tanaman yang diperlakukan pemangkasan samping (S), sedangkan total karotenoid tertinggi (10,63 µg/g) terdapat pada tanaman yang diperlakukan pemangkasan lorong (L) dan kadar air yang tertinggi sebesar 90,08% dimiliki oleh tanaman kontrol (tanpa pemangkasan). Perlakuan pemangkasan samping (S) dapat direkomendasikan untuk diterapkan di petani karena menghasilkan jumlah buah yang tinggi dengan rasa yang manis.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Jeruk; Kanopi; Pemangkasan; Produktifitas; Mutu buah</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Pruning plays an important role in regulating branching of fruit plants. This research was aimed to examine the effect of canopy pruning on productivity and fruit quality of mandarin cv Pulung. The study was conducted at the Experimental Farm Tlekung ICSFRI on 6 year old tree of mandarin cv. Pulung. The observation was carried out from August 2015 until August 2016. The study was analyzed by using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with five treatments and five replicates. The treatments were consisted of pruning for maintenance (P), V shape pruning (V), alley shape pruning (L), side pruning (S), and unpruning (K). The results indicate that the highest number of flowers is shown by V shape pruning treatment (V) i.e. 85.30%, the highest number of fruits is performed by V shape pruning treatment (V) and side pruning treatment (S), with the average of 208.8 and 201 fruits per tree. The mean fruit diameter and weight is the highest in pruning for maintenance treatment (P), i.e. 66.20 mm and 143.75 g, respectively. The highest total sugar (7.5%) and lowest total acid (1.79%) were obtained in the side pruning treatment (S), while the highest total caratenoid (10.63 µg / g) was found in the alley pruning treatment (L) and the highest water content of 90.08% is owned by the control (unpruning). Results of the study suggest that side pruning treatment (S) can be recommended as the best pruning practice to farmers since it may produce highest number of fruits and sweetest taste.</p>