Dissertations / Theses: 'PSCAD'

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Gallo, Michal. "Model Stirlingova motoru v PSCAD." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-242000.

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This dissertation about the Stirling engine deals with the history and formation of the heat engine. At the beginning of this work, fundamental parts and their functions are described, elucidating the principle of operation explained by the thermodynamic cycle and subsequently comparing the ideal and the real Stirling cycle and last but not least provides various modifications whilst describing their differences. The mathematical model of the Stirling engine is processed by Schmidth’s theoretical analysis and thereafter is created in PScad v46. The process of creating a model is shown in one of the chapters of this dissertation. The results were taken into account in the design of 3D models in Inventor Professional by Autodesk. The work concludes with the evaluation of the computational model and its functionality as well as the documentation of the 3D model.

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Hasan, Kyle R. "PSCAD Modeling and Stability Analysis of a Microgrid." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2017. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1928.

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As power systems are evolving, engineers are facing, and will continue to face, new challenges with respect to maintaining the system in terms of stable operation. Many different forms of generation are becoming prevalent, including; small synchronous generators, photovoltaic generation, and energy storage techniques in the form of battery and ultracapacitor systems. One of the evolutions occurring in the power system is the emergence of microgrids, small power systems capable of isolating from the major power grid in the form of islands. Microgrids use distributed generation to provide power to small communities, and they come with several advantages and disadvantages. This thesis shows the design process employed to model a microgrid, which contains a variety of distributed resources, in PSCAD, as well as investigate the transient instability of the microgrid when transitioning to islanded operation. Modeling techniques for both grid-connected and islanded operation of the microgrid are considered in this study. In addition to modeling techniques, the effectiveness of proper control of energy storage assets in a microgrid is demonstrated through the implementation and comparison between real & reactive power regulation and voltage & frequency regulation.

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Abdullah, Mohd Halimi. "PSCAD/EMTDC modelling of active filters for HVdc applications." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq23190.pdf.

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4

Moravčík, Martin. "Modelování a simulace hybridní mikro sítě v prostředí PSCAD." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219410.

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In the opening part of this master´s thesis there is given concept, description, usage and advantages of micro hybrid grids in comparison to micro grids and there are evolution steps towards hybrid grid. There is also a mention about economics of operation of these grids. In the second part of this thesis there are descriptions of devices that are suitable for usage in micro hybrid grids with emphasis on generators and accumulation possibilities. In the next part of this thesis there is given an approach and description for modeling of various components of hybrid grids in PSCAD environment. In the next part of this thesis there are given simulation results that were conducted on created model. Especially power balance in 24 hour operation of the grid with method for determining suitable size of accumulation and installed capacity of photovoltaics. And next there are showed responses from change of power from photovoltaics, next there is a transition to islanded mode and last there is showed the behavior of converter when the limits of accumulation are reached. In the final part of this thesis there are conclusions, fulfillment of goals of this thesis and possibilities of further study.

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Hällsten, Christoffer. "Jordfelssimulering och modell-validering med PSCAD av ett impedansjordat distributionsnät." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för data-, elektro- och lantmäteriteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-7379.

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Detta examensarbete har utförts hos Vattenfall Eldistribution på avdelningen Kontroll och Skydd med målsättningen att utforma och utvärdera en nätmodell avsedd för jordslutningssimuleringar i PSCAD. Ombyggnationen från luftledningar till markkablar har medfört att kapacitansen i distributionsnätet ökat, vilket ställer högre krav på jordfelsutrustning och på nätanalyser för att kunna försäkra att en säkerställd frånkoppling kan ske enligt de myndighetskrav som föreligger. Syftet med arbetet har varit att undersöka hur en nätmodell bör utformas för analys av stationära in-svängningsförlopp och utvärdera hur stor noggrannhet som kan förväntas gentemot verkliga jordfelsprov vid felresistanser på främst 3 kΩ och 5 kΩ. Nätmodellen har ut-formats efter ett verkligt impedansjordat mellanspänningsnät med π-länkar i PSCAD och utifrån de nätuppgifter som förekommer i Vattenfalls näthanteringsprogram Netbas. Simuleringsresultaten har jämförts mot resultat från det verkliga nätets jord-felsprover vid olika inställningar på den centrala kompenseringsutrustningen som är placerad mellan den matande transformatorns nollpunkt och jord. Jordslutningssimuleringarna visar, trots antaganden och en viss osäkerhet omkring de verkliga nollföljdskomponenterna, godtyckliga simuleringsresultat vid avstämt och snedavstämt nät motsvarande ± 30 A gentemot ledningarnas kapacitiva strömmar vid en felresistans på 3 kΩ. Jordslutningssimuleringarnas händelseförlopp överensstäm-mer överlag väl mot det verkliga nätet samtidigt som jordslutningar vid 5 kΩ medför en större procentuell avvikelse. Särskilt framträdande avvikelser kunde urskiljas vid analys av fasvinkeln mellan nollföljdsspänning och nollföljdsström. En analys av nätmodellens resultat och troliga orsaker till uppkomna simulerings-avvikelser gentemot det verkliga nätet indikerar på att nätmodellens tillförlitlighet bör kunna optimeras ytterligare om noggrannare hänsyn tas gällande nollföljdsimpedanser, dc-komponenter och de toleranser som förekommer i det verkliga nätets avstäm-ningsutrustning och mätkretsar.
This thesis has been carried out at Vattenfall Eldistribution at the department Control and Protection with the objective to design and evaluate a network model for ground fault simulations in PSCAD. The reconversion from overhead lines to underground cables has led to increased capacitances in the distribution network and this places greater demands on the feeder protection unit and network analyzes in order to assure that faulted feeders are disconnected according to regulatory requirements. The aim of this work has been to determine how a network model could be designed for analysis of stationary signal characteristics and evaluate how great accuracy the power system model have compared to real earth fault test results. Earth fault simulations are performed with fault resistances of 3 kΩ and 5 kΩ. The power system model have been created to emulate a real impedance grounded network according to the π-model in PSCAD based on system information from Vattenfalls network management program Netbas. Results from the simulations have been compared against results obtained from real earth faults from the physical network with different settings on the central compensation equipment placed between the transformers neutral and ground. Simulations show, despite assumptions and some uncertainty about the actual zero sequence components similar results when fault resistance was 3 kΩ, both when compensation coil are fully tuned and out of tune ± 30 A corresponding to the feeder capacitance. The overall signal sequence conform quite well to the real network but at the same time simulations with 5 kΩ obtains greater deviations when results are represented in percentage. Particularly prominent abnormalities could be identified in the phase angle between zero sequence voltage and zero sequence current. An analysis of deviations from the simulations in the digital network model against the real system indicates that the model probably could be further optimized if zero sequence impedances, dc components, and tolerances that occur in the real systems reactive compensation equipment and measuring circuits are taken into account.

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Razyapova, Aygul. "Tvorba a estimace modelu malé vodní elektrárny v programu PSCAD." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-242038.

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This thesis focused on creating a model of a small hydropower plant model (SHPP) and a part of the electricity network in the simulation software "PSCAD" (basing on real sources). The model will be specified on the basis of the data obtained from the measurements to correspond with the real equipment.

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Peterka, Michal. "Porovnání modelů najížděcích tras systémové elektrárny v programech MODES a PSCAD." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400591.

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The thesis deals with the comparison of two restoration paths in case of the black start in the MODES and PSCAD simulation programs. The aim was to compare the voltage waveforms in individual nodes and the system frequency. At the same time, simulations were compared with a real test. The route models in the MODES program were created earlier and the task was to create the same routes in the PSCAD program using the parameters available from the MODES program. The route models in the PSCAD environment included both the original and the new models of individual elements, which had to be assembled from function blocks. The results of the programs differed slightly, which was caused mainly by the differences of some elements that were used. In the thesis, all the necessary information was stated to make the simulations repeatable.

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Jose, Della. "Comparison of a three phase single stage PV system in PSCAD and PowerFactory." Thesis, KTH, Elektriska energisystem, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-103188.

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The main objective of the project is to develop a Photovoltaic (PV) system using three phase Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) converter as the interfacing component in Power factory. Already existing model in Power factory tool uses static generator as the interfacing converter. Moreover the control technique implemented within the PV model is very basic. Aworking model is already available in PSCAD simulation tool using PWM converter but it is a very detailed one in terms of modeling which results in longer simulation time. Through this project a new PV model is developed in Power factory, an improved version of existing PSCAD and Power factory models. Then a comparison study is carried out between the PSCAD and the new Power factory model in order to validate the created model’s functionality. Several case studies with the DC and AC side disturbances are performed to analyze the behavior of two models. The new PV model is found to function very similar to that of the existing PSCAD model, thus proving its credibility. Further improvements and additional functions are also included in the new Power factory model which makes it a better choice to carry out grid studies than the existing model in PSCAD.

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Porfiro, Andrei Oliveira Mota. "Análise de sistemas de transmissão HVDC baseados em conversores modulares multiníveis frente descargas atmosféricas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-18092018-082751/.

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Atualmente, em virtude do aumento da demanda energética surgem diversas preocupações devido à escassez dos recursos energéticos tradicionais e os impactos ambientais proporcionados pelos mesmos. Neste contexto, para atender a demanda, diversos investimentos têm sido feitos no desenvolvimento de gerações alternativas e renováveis de energia, bem como na interconexão entre países para exportação de energia. Assim, os estudos exigem soluções mais eficazes para transmissão de energia elétrica, como os sistemas de transmissão High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC), uma alternativa aos sistemas de transmissão atuais, que são predominantemente em Corrente Alternada (CA). Dentre as principais vantagens dos sistemas HVDC, destaca-se a possibilidade de transmissão de grandes montantes de energia a longas distâncias com baixas perdas. Desta forma, eles estão susceptíveis às mais diversas condições meteorológicas e geográficas, em regiões isoladas, o que os tornam vulneráveis a descargas atmosféricas, afetando a segurança do sistema. Assim, neste trabalho, foi simulado um sistema HVDC, utilizando conversores Voltage Source Converter (VSC) do tipo modular multinível, do inglês Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC), frente descargas atmosféricas. Foram analisados diversos casos, visando verificar o comportamento dos conversores e validar a eficácia da utilização de para-raios de óxido metálico, comumente chamado de para-raios de óxido de zinco (ZnO), visto que este é um componente geralmente empregado em sistemas CA. O trabalho apresenta uma revisão acerca dos sistemas VSC-based HVDC (VSC-HVDC), tratando principalmente dos conversores MMC. Também foram descritos todos os modelos utilizados nas simulações, as quais foram realizadas através do software PSCAD/EMTDC. Concluiu-se que o correto dimensionamento e locação dos para-raios operam adequadamente em sistemas Corrente Contínua (CC). Um outro fato interresante é que a sobretensão gerada pelo surto atmosférico se propaga para o lado CA ao incidir no lado CC, mas o contrário não ocorre.
Nowadays, due to the increase in energy demand, several concerns arise due to the scarcity of traditional energy resources and the environmental impacts. In this context, to meet the demand, several investments have been made in the development of alternative and renewable generations of energy, as well as in the interconnection among countries for energy exports. Thus, studies require more effective solutions for electric power transmission, such as VSC-HVDC systems, an alternative to current transmission systems, which are predominantly in CA. Among the main advantages of VSC-HVDC systems, we can highlight the possibility of transmitting large amounts of energy over long distances with low losses. In this way, they are susceptible to the most diverse meteorological and geographic conditions, in isolated regions, which make them vulnerable to lightning, affecting the safety of the system. Thus, in this work, an HVDC system was simulated using VSC converters of the multilevel modular type (MMC) in front of lightnings. Several cases were analyzed in order to verify the behavior of the converters and validate the effectiveness of the use of metal oxide arresters, also known as ZnO arresters, since this is a commonly used component in CA systems. The work presents a review about the VSC-HVDC systems, mainly dealing with the MMC converters. We also described all the models used in the simulations, which were performed through the PSCAD/EMTDC software. It was concluded that the correct dimensioning and location of the arresters operate properly in CC systems. Another interresting fact is that the overvoltage generated by the lightning propagates to the AC side when it hits the CC side, but the reverse does not occur.

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Gastaldello, Danilo Sinkiti [UNESP]. "Metodologia de localização de defeitos em redes subterrâneas integrando PSCAD/EMTDC e sistemas inteligentes." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87172.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Com a modernização da sociedade e o grande crescimento tecnológico visto nos últimos anos, é difícil de imaginar a ausência da energia elétrica nos dias atuais, pois tudo depende da energia para funcionar. A energia elétrica é fundamental para todos os setores da sociedade: residencial, comercial e industrial. A qualidade de seu fornecimento também é muito importante, pois é a qualidade que garante o correto funcionamento de todos os processos realizados no dia-a-dia. No entanto, nenhum sistema, por melhor que seja, é imune à ocorrências de falhas. Assim sendo, uma boa monitoração destas falhas é necessária para realização de manobras de correção mais eficientes. Além disso, a crescente preocupação ambiental faz com que as concessionárias busquem melhores formas de levar a energia à energia à população, com redes mais seguras, mais confiáveis e também mais baratas. Os sistemas subterrâneos têm demonstrado ser uma boa solução no que diz respeito à segurança, confiabilidade e preocupação ambiental, porém a sua instalação ainda é muito cara em comparação com as redes aéreas convencionais. Como todos os sistemas, as redes subterrâneas também estão sujeitas a defeitos. A correta localização a falta (defeito) em cabos subterrâneos de distribuição de energia elétrica não é uma tarefa trivial. Além da dificuldade de acesso ao sistema, existe o alto custo das medições dos parâmetros e a necessidade de uma análise de um especialista dos sinais medidos, ocasionando erros que têm se mostrado custosos. A proposta desta dissertação consiste em estudar os sistemas subterrâneos através de ferramentas computacionais e desenvolver um sistema inteligente que auxilie com a precisão de localização de faltas subterrâneos de distribuição de energia elétrica
With the modernization of society and the great technological growth in the last years, it is hard to imagine the absence of electric power nowadays, because everything depends on energy to work. Electricity is fundamental to all sectors of society: residential, commercial and industrial. The quality supply is also very important, since quality guarantees the correct functioning of all processes performed in a daily basis. However, no system is immune to the occurrence of faults. Therefore, a good monitoring of these faults is necessary for more efficient correction adjustments. In addition, the growing environmental concerns make the power utilities to find better ways to take energy to the population, through safer more reliable and also cheaper networks. The underground system has be found to be a good approach to improve safety, reliability and environmental features, but its installation is still very expensive when compared to conventional overhead systems. Like any system, the underground networks are subjects to defects. The correct fault localization (defect) in eletricity distribution underground networks is not a trivial task, it is not just due to a difficult system acess, the high cost of measurements of the parameters and the required expert analysis of the measured signals. These factors are source of errors that have proven costly. The purpose of this dissertation is to study underground system using computational tools and develop an intelligent system to accurately assist to locating of faults in underground cables of power distribution networks

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Gastaldello, Danilo Sinkiti. "Metodologia de localização de defeitos em redes subterrâneas integrando PSCAD/EMTDC e sistemas inteligentes /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87172.

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Orientador: André Nunes de Souza
Banca: Helio Eiji Sueta
Banca: Pedro da Costa Junior
Resumo: Com a modernização da sociedade e o grande crescimento tecnológico visto nos últimos anos, é difícil de imaginar a ausência da energia elétrica nos dias atuais, pois tudo depende da energia para funcionar. A energia elétrica é fundamental para todos os setores da sociedade: residencial, comercial e industrial. A qualidade de seu fornecimento também é muito importante, pois é a qualidade que garante o correto funcionamento de todos os processos realizados no dia-a-dia. No entanto, nenhum sistema, por melhor que seja, é imune à ocorrências de falhas. Assim sendo, uma boa monitoração destas falhas é necessária para realização de manobras de correção mais eficientes. Além disso, a crescente preocupação ambiental faz com que as concessionárias busquem melhores formas de levar a energia à energia à população, com redes mais seguras, mais confiáveis e também mais baratas. Os sistemas subterrâneos têm demonstrado ser uma boa solução no que diz respeito à segurança, confiabilidade e preocupação ambiental, porém a sua instalação ainda é muito cara em comparação com as redes aéreas convencionais. Como todos os sistemas, as redes subterrâneas também estão sujeitas a defeitos. A correta localização a falta (defeito) em cabos subterrâneos de distribuição de energia elétrica não é uma tarefa trivial. Além da dificuldade de acesso ao sistema, existe o alto custo das medições dos parâmetros e a necessidade de uma análise de um especialista dos sinais medidos, ocasionando erros que têm se mostrado custosos. A proposta desta dissertação consiste em estudar os sistemas subterrâneos através de ferramentas computacionais e desenvolver um sistema inteligente que auxilie com a precisão de localização de faltas subterrâneos de distribuição de energia elétrica
Abstract: With the modernization of society and the great technological growth in the last years, it is hard to imagine the absence of electric power nowadays, because everything depends on energy to work. Electricity is fundamental to all sectors of society: residential, commercial and industrial. The quality supply is also very important, since quality guarantees the correct functioning of all processes performed in a daily basis. However, no system is immune to the occurrence of faults. Therefore, a good monitoring of these faults is necessary for more efficient correction adjustments. In addition, the growing environmental concerns make the power utilities to find better ways to take energy to the population, through safer more reliable and also cheaper networks. The underground system has be found to be a good approach to improve safety, reliability and environmental features, but its installation is still very expensive when compared to conventional overhead systems. Like any system, the underground networks are subjects to defects. The correct fault localization (defect) in eletricity distribution underground networks is not a trivial task, it is not just due to a difficult system acess, the high cost of measurements of the parameters and the required expert analysis of the measured signals. These factors are source of errors that have proven costly. The purpose of this dissertation is to study underground system using computational tools and develop an intelligent system to accurately assist to locating of faults in underground cables of power distribution networks
Mestre

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NASCIMENTO, A. L. "Avaliação do uso de célula a combustível como fonte secundária de energia em sistema híbrido com arranjo fotovoltaico." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/9577.

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A dissertação propõe a modelagem de um sistema híbrido isolado composto por arranjo fotovoltaico e conjunto de células a combustível do tipo membrana trocadora de prótons utilizando o software PSCAD. O texto traz a revisão dos principais conceitos relativos à energia fotovoltaica e à célula a combustível, além de apresentar trabalhos relacionados ao tema que motivaram a realização desse estudo. O módulo fotovoltaico é modelado a partir de folha de dados fornecida pelo fabricante, enquanto que a célula a combustível tem seu modelo baseado em estudo realizado anteriormente. Para garantir a potência do sistema, são feitas associações série-paralelo dos módulos fotovoltaicos e das células a combustível. A modelagem do sistema híbrido, que inclui inversores, conversor buck e filtros LCL, assim como o controle utilizado são apresentados de forma detalhada. As fontes atuam em conjunto para suprir as cargas no sistema isolado. Entretanto, o conjunto de células a combustível somente produz potência ativa quando o arranjo fotovoltaico é incapaz de suprir a demanda total, com exceção da partida do sistema. Por se tratar de sistema isolado e pela fonte solar fotovoltaica ter a característica de fonte intermitente, a referência dos sistemas de controle advém do conjunto de PEMFCs. O objetivo das simulações é verificar a dinâmica de funcionamento do sistema isolado mediante variações de radiação solar e de carga. Palavras-chave: Célula a combustível. Arranjo fotovoltaico. PEMFC. PSCAD. Sistema híbrido.

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Assis, Sandro de Castro. "Cálculo de tensão induzida por descarga atmosférica em linhas aéreas polifásicas e multiaterradas: implementação no PSCAD®/EMTDCtm." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/AVFV-6W7RFD.

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This work presents the implementation of lightning induced voltage calculation in multiphase overhead lines. The implementation is done using a electromagnetic transient calculation program as a dedicated component. The implemented methodology is based on the theory proposed by Sune Rusck in 1957 and adapted by Ivan Lopes in 1990. Ruscks theory, which provides an equation for the lightning induced voltage in infinite overhead lines without discontinuities over a perfect ground, is modified to take into account finite lines with multiple grounding. The implemented component extends the methodology to multiphase overhead lines with multiple grounding. Theoretical cases are analyzed clarifying the influence of lightning parameters and grounding configuration in induced voltages in multiphase lines. The results are compared to those from other authors validating the implementation.
Este trabalho apresenta a implementação do cálculo da tensão induzida por descargas atmosféricas em linhas aéreas polifásicas. Tal implementação é feita utilizando-se um pacote de cálculo de transitórios eletromagnéticos na forma de um componente dedicado.A metodologia implementada é baseada na teoria proposta por Sune Rusck em 1957 e adaptada por Ivan Lopes em 1990. A teoria de Rusck, que apresenta uma expressão analítica para a tensão induzida em linhas infinitas e sem descontinuidade sobre um solo de resistividade nula, é adaptada para se levar em consideração o fato das linhas serem finitas e possuírem aterramentos. O componente implementado estende a aplicação da metodologia para linhas aéreas multifilares e com aterramentos múltiplos. São analisados diversos casos teóricos, buscando compreender a influência dos parâmetros da descarga atmosférica e de configurações de multiaterramento na tensão induzida em linhas aéreas multifilares. Os resultados obtidos são comparados com os obtidos por outros autores validando a implementação realizada.

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Friedel, Vincent. "MODELING AND SIMULATION OF A HYBRID WIND-DIESEL MICROGRID." Thesis, KTH, Elektriska energisystem, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-119251.

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Some communities in remote locations with high wind velocities and an unreliable utility supply, will typically install small diesel powered generators and wind generators to form a microgrid. Over the past few years, microgrid projects have been developed in many parts of the world, and commercial solutions have started to appear. Such systems face specific design issues, especially when the wind penetration is high enough to affect the operation of the diesel plant. The dynamic behavior of a medium penetration hybrid microgrid is investigated. It consists of a diesel generator set, a wind-generator and several loads. The diesel engine drives a 62.5 kVA synchronous generator with excitation control. The fixed-speed wind turbine drives a 60 kW cage rotor induction generator. The microgrid can be connected to the utility grid but can also run as an isolated system. The total load of the microgrid is about 100 kVA which varies during the day, and consists of static and dynamic loads, including an induction motor. The excitation controller and speed controller for the diesel’s synchronous generator are designed, as well as the power control of the wind turbine, and the controller for capacitor banks and dump load. The system is modeled and simulated using PSCAD. The study evaluates how the power generation is shared between the diesel generator set and the wind generator, the voltage regulation during load connections, and discusses the need of battery energy storage, the system ride- through-fault capability and frequency control, particularly at times when the utility is disconnected and the microgrid is run as an independent isolated power system. The results of several case studies are presented.

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Verma, Manish. "A comprehensive overview, behavioral model and simulation of a Fault Current Limiter." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33841.

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Distribution systems across most parts of the globe are highly radial in nature. As loads are gradually increased on a particular distribution system, a higher operating current state leading to increased fault current levels is attained. Hence, the relay co-ordination is disturbed and equipments such as feeders and circuit breakers need to be replaced with higher rating so that they can handle the new currents often leading to expensive retrofit costs. The use of fault current limiter (FCL) is proposed to mitigate the effects of high current levels on a distribution system. A comprehensive and up-to-date literature review of FCL technologies is presented. Detailed efforts of an in-house developed behavioral superconducting FCL model are delineated, including FCL control algorithm and its implementation in PSCADÂ®/EMTDC environment. Results from simulation studies are investigated and compared to an actual FCL commissioned by Z-energy to highlight the effectiveness of a generic model without having to access proprietary details. Extending those concepts, a solid-state and hybrid type of limiter is also modeled and it results discussed. Finally, an impact assessment is conducted on the distribution protection scheme, due to the FCL being inserted and subsequently operated in the distribution system.
Master of Science

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Majer, Šimon. "Síťová podpora distribuovaných zdrojů řízením jejich výkonu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400587.

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This thesis is focused on voltage regulation in low voltage distribution system. It describes power management methods using photovoltaic inverters. The thesis describes the working PQ space of the inverter and the regulation characteristics of the active and reactive power in dependence on the voltage. The practical part focuses on the simulation of specific PQU control settings on the test models created in PSCAD. The model is used as a basis for real measurement. Outputs obtained from measurement and simulation are validated in the text. The last part of the thesis identifies limits for connecting resources with and without support.

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Koudelka, Jan. "Analýza měření frekvence a RoCoF v simulačních programech." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376981.

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The thesis deals with the issue of measurement of frequency and its derivative (RoCoF) in simulation software. The aim of the thesis was to compare results obtained in three different pieces of software (PSS/E, PSCAD, MODES). 2 disturbances were simulated in a grid model IEEE 39 bus system and values of frequency and generator speed were assessed. The results obtained in different software are diverse. This is influenced by method of modelling of synchronous generator and algorithm of calculation of frequency. Findings are important for future investigation of power system transients in simulation software and also point to potencial incorrect assassement of frequency in protective relays.

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Gromotovič, Ivan. "Modelování a simulace elektromechanických přechodných jevů v elektrizační soustavě." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413126.

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This work deals with the issue of evaluating transient stability in the simulation program PSCAD. Factors affecting transient stability were analyzed on a single-machine SMIB model. The results of this analysis confirmed the theoretical assumption that for more accurate results of the analysis of transient stability, it is necessary to consider the mentioned factors. A short circuit was simulated on the IEEE9 test model and subsequently the load angles of the generators were monitored using various methods. The method of reference of the largest generator in the system proved to be a more suitable method for the assessment of relative load angles from the results of the analysis.

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Rotsios, Christopher. "Analysis and Design of An Off-Grid Residential Power System." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2020. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2214.

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This thesis aims to provide a recommended power system design for optimal efficiency, reliability, and cost in off-grid applications. The power system examined in this project is a residence in an off-grid community called Quail Springs that generates its energy from roof mounted solar panels. The existing system was analyzed to see what equipment can remain, what needs to be upsized, and what needs to be added to the system. Two power systems are considered for the residence: a fully AC power system and a hybrid AC/DC power system. Simulations were run in PSCAD to compare the efficiencies of the two proposed systems at varying load. The results of the simulations showed the hybrid power system to be generally less efficient when supplying AC and DC loads, but greater than 5% more efficient when only supplying DC load. Although the hybrid AC/DC system is approximately 70% more expensive, it is still the final recommended design due to potential efficiency gains and in an effort to provide educational opportunities that may lead to further efficiency gains in future hybrid AC/DC power systems.

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Johnson, Benjamin Anders. "Modeling and Analysis of a PV Grid-Tied Smart Inverter's Support Functions." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/994.

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The general trends in the past decade of increasing solar cell efficiency, decreasing PV system costs, increasing government incentive programs, and several other factors have all combined synergistically to reduce the barriers of entry for PV systems to enter the market and expand their contribution to the global energy portfolio. The shortcomings of current inverter functions which link PV systems to the utility network are becoming transparent as PV penetration levels continue to increase. The solution this thesis proposes is an approach to control the inverters real and reactive power output to help eliminate the problems associated with PV systems at their origin and in addition provide the grid with ancillary support services. The design, modeling, and analysis of a grid-tied PV system was performed in the PSCAD software simulation environment. Results indicate that in the presence of grid disturbances the smart inverter can react dynamically to help restore the power system back to its normal state. A harmonic analysis was also performed indicating the inverter under study met the applicable power quality standards for distributed energy resources.

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Cao, Weiran. "Linear Modeling of DFIGs and VSC-HVDC Systems." Thesis, KTH, Elektrisk energiomvandling, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-177643.

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Recently, with growing application of wind power, the system based on the doubly fedinduction generator (DFIG) has become the one of the most popular concepts. Theproblem of connecting to the grid is also gradually revealed. As an effective solution toconnect offshore wind farm, VSC-HVDC line is the most suitable choice for stabilityreasons. However, there are possibilities that the converter of a VSC-HVDC link canadversely interact with the wind turbine and generate poorly damped sub-synchronousoscillations. Therefore, this master thesis will derive the linear model of a single DFIG aswell as the linear model of several DFIGs connecting to a VSC-HVDC link. For thelinearization method, the Jacobian transfer matrix modeling method will be explainedand adopted. The frequency response and time-domain response comparison betweenthe linear model and the identical system in PSCAD will be presented for validation.
Nyligen, med ökande tillämpning av vindkraft, det system som bygger på den dubbeltmatad induktion generator (DFIG) har blivit en av de mest populära begrepp. Problemetmed att ansluta till nätet är också gradvis avslöjas. Som en effektiv lösning för att anslutavindkraftpark är VSC -HVDC linje det lämpligaste valet av stabilitetsskäl. Det finns dockmöjligheter att omvandlaren en VSC-HVDC länk negativt kan interagera medvindturbinen och genererar dåligt dämpade under synkron svängningar. Därför kommerdetta examensarbete härleda den linjära modellen av en enda DFIG liksom den linjäramodellen av flera DFIGs ansluter till en VSC-HVDC -länk. För arise metoden kommerJacobian transfer matrix modelleringsmetodförklaras och antas. Jämförelse mellan denlinjära modellen och identiskt system i PSCAD frekvensgången och tidsdomänensvarkommer att presenteras för godkännande.

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Halás, Andrej. "Model mikro sítě s akumulací." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221197.

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This thesis describes the operation , characteristics and operating conditions of microgrid with energy storage , provides insight into the benefits of using listed concepts . The first part deals with the description of microgrid systems, distribution and shows examples of its use. The second part describes individual elements of the storage systems, energy production and energy transformation used in microgrids . The third part describes the work with PSCAD software. The main goal is to design a micro grid model in PSCAD and validate its function.

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Lašo, Matej. "Model zátěže." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-242120.

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This thesis deals with power quality and load modeling. The issues of power quality, principles of load model creation and various types of loads and their principles are described and explained in this thesis. Various software and its main adventages in power systems modeling are described and various load models and simulations in PSCAD program are created and described at last.

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Antunes, Richard Henrique Ribeiro. "Detecção e classificação de VTCDs em sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica usando redes neurais artificiais." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3879.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
O objetivo deste trabalho é conhecer e compreender melhor os imprevistos no fornecimento de energia elétrica, quando ocorrem as variações de tensão de curta duração (VTCD). O banco de dados necessário para os diagnósticos das faltas foi obtido através de simulações de um modelo de alimentador radial através do software PSCAD/EMTDC. Este trabalho utiliza um Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) com o intuito de detectar VTCDs e realizar a estimativa automática da frequência, do ângulo de fase e da amplitude das tensões e correntes da rede elétrica. Nesta pesquisa, desenvolveram-se duas redes neurais artificiais: uma para identificar e outra para localizar as VTCDs ocorridas no sistema de distribuição de energia elétrica. A técnica aqui proposta aplica-se a alimentadores trifásicos com cargas desequilibradas, que podem possuir ramais laterais trifásicos, bifásicos e monofásicos. No desenvolvimento da mesma, considera-se que há disponibilidade de medições de tensões e correntes no nó inicial do alimentador e também em alguns pontos esparsos ao longo do alimentador de distribuição. Os desempenhos das arquiteturas das redes neurais foram satisfatórios e demonstram a viabilidade das RNAs na obtenção das generalizações que habilitam o sistema para realizar a classificação de curtos-circuitos.
The objective of this work is to know and understand the unforeseen in the supply of electricity, when there are short duration voltage variations (SDVV). The required databases for the diagnosis of faults were obtained through simulations of a model of radial feeder through software PSCAD/EMTDC. This work uses a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) in order to detect and perform the estimation SDVV automatic frequency, phase angle and amplitude of the voltage and current from the power grid. This research is developing two artificial neural networks: one to identify and another to locate the SDVV occurred in the distribution system of electricity. The technique proposed here applies to three-phase feeders with unbalanced loads, which can have side extensions triphasic, biphasic and monophasic. In developing the same, it is considered that there is availability of measurements of voltages and currents at the node of the initial feeder and also in some points scattered along the distribution feeder. The performances of the architectures of neural networks were satisfactory and demonstrate the feasibility of ANNs in obtaining the generalizations that enables the system for the classification of short circuits.

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Moraes, Tiago Fernandes. "Localização de faltas de curta duração em redes de distribuição." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8135.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir com o desenvolvimento de uma técnica baseada em sistemas inteligentes que possibilite a localização exata ou aproximada do ponto de origem de uma Variação de Tensão de Curta Duração (VTCD) (gerada por uma falta) em um sistema de distribuição de energia elétrica. Este trabalho utiliza um Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) com o intuito de detectar as faltas. Uma vez que a falta é detectada, os sinais de tensão obtidos durante a falta são decompostos em componentes simétricas instantâneas por meio do método proposto. Em seguida, as energias das componentes simétricas são calculadas e utilizadas para estimar a localização da falta. Nesta pesquisa, são avaliadas duas estruturas baseadas em Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNAs). A primeira é projetada para classificar a localização da falta em um dos pontos possíveis e a segunda é projetada para estimar a distância da falta ao alimentador. A técnica aqui proposta aplica-se a alimentadores trifásicos com cargas equilibradas. No desenvolvimento da mesma, considera-se que há disponibilidade de medições de tensões no nó inicial do alimentador e também em pontos esparsos ao longo da rede de distribuição. O banco de dados empregado foi obtido através de simulações de um modelo de alimentador radial usando o programa PSCAD/EMTDC. Testes de sensibilidade empregando validação-cruzada são realizados em ambas as arquiteturas de redes neurais com o intuito de verificar a confiabilidade dos resultados obtidos. Adicionalmente foram realizados testes com faltas não inicialmente contidas no banco de dados a fim de se verificar a capacidade de generalização das redes. Os desempenhos de ambas as arquiteturas de redes neurais foram satisfatórios e demonstram a viabilidade das técnicas propostas para realizar a localização de faltas em redes de distribuição.
The aim of this work is to contribute to the development of a technique based on intelligent systems that allows the accurate location of the Short Duration Voltage Variations (SDVV) origin in an electrical power distribution system. Once the fault is detected via a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL), voltage signals acquired during the fault are decomposed into instantaneous symmetrical components by the proposed method. Then, the energies of the symmetrical components are calculated and used to estimate the fault location. In this work, two systems based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are evaluated. The first one is designed to classify the fault location into one of predefined possible points and the second is designed to estimate the fault distance from the feeder. The technique herein proposed is applies to three-phase feeders with balanced loads. In addition, it is considered that there is availability of voltage measurements in the initial node of the feeder and also in sparse points along the distribution power grid. The employed database was made using simulations of a model of radial feeder using the PSCAD / EMTDC program. Sensitivity tests employing cross-validation are performed for both approaches in order to verify the reliability of the results. Furthermore, in order to check the generalization capability, tests with faults not originally contained in the database were performed. The performances of both architectures of neural networks were satisfactory and they demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed techniques to perform fault location on distribution grids.

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Lei, Ting. "Doubly-fed induction generator wind turbine modelling, control and reliability." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/doublyfed-induction-generator-wind-turbine-modelling-control-and-reliability(2ceb051a-a6fb-43e6-be40-a5023dae4bea).html.

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The trend of future wind farms moving further offshore requires much higher reliability for each wind turbine in order to reduce maintenance cost. The drive-train system and power electronic converter system have been identified as critical sub-assemblies that are subject to higher failure rates than the other sub-assemblies in a wind turbine. Modern condition monitoring techniques may help schedule the maintenance and reduce downtime. However, when it comes to offshore wind turbines, it is more crucial to reduce the failure rates (or reduce the stresses) for the wind turbines during operation since the harsh weather and a frequently inaccessible environment will dramatically reduce their availability once a failure happens. This research examines the mechanical, electrical and thermal stresses in the sub-assemblies of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine and how to reduce them by improved control strategies. The DFIG control system (the rotor-side and the grid-side converter control) as well as the wind turbine control system are well established. The interactions of these control systems have been investigated. This research examines several further strategies to reduce the mechanical and electrical stresses. The control system's coordination with the protection schemes (crowbar and dc-chopper) during a grid fault is presented as well. An electro-thermal model of the power converter has been developed to integrate with the DFIG wind turbine model, for the evaluation of the thermal stresses under different operating states and control schemes. The main contributions of this thesis are twofold. A first contribution is made by providing all the control loops with well-tuned controllers in a more integrated methodology. The dynamics of these controllers are determined from their mathematical models to minimize the interference between different control-loops and also to reduce the electrical transients. This thesis proposes a coordination strategy for the damping control, pitch control and crowbar protection which significantly reduces the mechanical oscillations. On the other hand, an integrated model of the wind turbine and converter electro-thermal system is established that can illustrate the performance integration with different control strategies.

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Horáček, Tomáš. "Počítačová podpora výpočtů v energetice a nové trendy v simulacích." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217605.

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Computer aided calculations are booming nowadays and thanks to more powerfull computers and sofistikated simulators we are able to modelling more and more complex problems in much more engineering domains. Also in power engineering are are simulators used more frequntly. They are used for or checking transmission lines and in testing different kinds of working states including fails.

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Bátora, Branislav. "Analýza ferorezonančního přepětí v elektrických sítích." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233633.

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This thesis deals with the ferroresonance phenomenon and ferroresonance overvoltage in electric networks. That’s why the introduction part explains the theoretical basis of ferroresonance and its consequences in the power system. The work then focuses on the power system as a non-linear dynamic system and describes various analytical methods for solving these systems. These methods are further applied to diagnose specific systems. There are a number of various power system configurations susceptible to ferroresonance. The most frequent one is theoretically analyzed in this thesis and a number of recommendations are offered for reducing the ferroresonance phenomenon. The thesis further deals with the selection of suitable software for this computationally chal-lenging task. A number of different tools are considered and efficiently reduced to Matlab Sim-ulink and PSCAD software. Matlab Simulink and its SimPowerSystem Toolbox are used to ana-lyze the effect of hysteresis of the magnetic core of the transformer on the emergence and course of the ferroresonance phenomenon. Using PSCAD, various configurations of the power systems are compared in terms of possible emergence and course of ferroresonance and also to find the limiting conditions that increase the probability of this phenomenon. The possibility of using arti-ficial neural networks for ferroresonance diagnosis is also mentioned in this thesis. The final part provides a number of recommendations for design and operation of both new and existing power systems.

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Mareček, Tomáš. "Možnosti provozu sítě se zdroji rozptýlené výroby v ostrovním provozu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376983.

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This diploma thesis presents managing of the island mode using distributed generation. In the theoretical part of the thesis, the power system of the Czech Republic is described, together with its future development, and future development of installed capacity of distributed generation. Types of distributed generation are also mentioned. Next part of this work is focused on technological parts of islanding operation and its requirements. The following part describes components of the smart grids and mentions some of its functionalities. The practical part of the thesis describes the created models of components in PSCAD programme. From those components two slightly different grid models are created. On those grid models, simulations are made, during which island mode is created. Some of the grid functionalities are tested during those simulations, for example; reaction of the island mode for load increase, load decrease and others.

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Ivarsson, Johanna. "Improvement of Commutation Failure Prediction in HVDC Classic Links." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för elektro- och automationsteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-3257.

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In this thesis, an evaluation of the existing control system for ABB: s HVDC Classic Links is performed in order to investigate whether a possible improvement to commutation failure prediction is possible and to be recommended. The thesis starts with a theoretical approach to the complexity of consequences of increasing the extinction angle (γ) in order to prevent commutation failure in inverter operation, which is later confirmed through using the simulation software PSCAD to evaluate coherence between simulation results and theory. Dynamic power studies are performed through simulations in the electromagnetic time domain transient tool PSCAD in order to establish a possible improvement to the existing commutation failure prediction today used in ABB control systems for HVDC applications.

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Lima, Thiago Melo de. "Análise de sistemas VSC-HVDC monopolar e bipolar frente impulsos com frente de onda íngreme." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-06022019-110448/.

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A tendência mundial de crescimento do consumo de energia elétrica requer novas unidades de geração para suprimento de demanda. Além disso, há preocupação na diversificação da matriz energética, e as fontes de energia nem sempre são de fácil acesso aos grandes centros de consumo, o que traz a problemática do transporte de energia elétrica. Sistemas em Corrente Alternada (CA) têm sido empregados na transmissão de energia há décadas, e atualmente os sistemas de transmissão em Corrente Contínua (CC) mostram-se uma opção vantajosa tanto na transmissão ponto a ponto por longas distâncias, quanto para múltiplos terminais, integrando diferentes fontes geradoras de energia. Os conhecidos sistemas de transmissão CC em alta tensão baseados em conversores comutados pela rede têm aplicações consolidadas ao redor do mundo, enquanto que, para a emergente tecnologia dos conversores comutados por largura de pulso (PWM), poucos estudos mostram seu desempenho frente transitórios na rede. A exposição do extenso perímetro das linhas de transmissão às condições geográficas e climatológicas motiva esta pesquisa perante a incidência de impulsos atmosféricos, tendo em vista que a maior parte dos estudos têm avaliado transitórios eletromagnéticos ocasionados por faltas. Para tanto, uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema de pesquisa é apresentada, com a descrição dos principais componentes de sistemas HVDC, a análise de sistemas VSC-HVDC, utilizando conversores dois níveis, frente transitórios eletromagnéticos provocados pela incidência direta de descargas atmosféricas tanto na rede CA quanto no elo CC, utilizando o software comercial PSCAD/EMTD para a simulação e modelagem dos para-raios de Óxido de Zinco (ZnO), linha de transmissão, conversores e atuação do controle.
The worlwide trend of growing electricity consumption requires new generation units to supply demand. In addition, there is concern in the diversification of the energy matrix, and energy sources are not always easily accessible to large consumption centers, which brings the problem of transportation of electric energy. Alternating Current (AC) systems have been used in power transmission for decades, and Direct Current (DC) transmission systems are now an advantageous option in both point-to-point transmission over long distances and across multiple terminals, integrating different sources of energy. Known High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission systems based on Line-Commutated Converter (LCC) have consolidated applications around the world, while for the emerging technology of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) converters, few studies show their network transient performance. The exposition of the extensive perimeter of the transmission lines to the geographic and climatological conditions motivates this research considering the incidence of atmospheric impulses, and that the major part of the studies available have evaluated electromagnetic transients caused by faults. In this context, a literature review on the research topic is presented, with the description of the main components of HVDC systems, the analysis of VSC-based HVDC (VSC-HVDC) systems, using twolevel converters, electromagnetic transients caused by the direct incidence of atmospheric discharges in both the AC network, and in the CC link. The analysis uses the commercial software PSCAD/EMTD for the simulation and modeling of ZnO arresters, transmission line, converters and control actuation.

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Procházka, Jiří. "Porovnání výpočtů zkratových proudů simulačními programy s normou ČSN EN 60909 ed.2." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400593.

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This master's thesis deals with the comparison of the short-circuit current calculation for a model example according to the standard IEC 60909-0:2016 with simulation programs. The first part deals with short-circuit in general together with an example of calculation of short-circuit currents. The next part of the master’s thesis deals with creating models of network elements by different simulation programs. The last part deals with dynamic simulation of model example together with programs settings. Finally, the results of simulations are evaluated.

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Topolánek, David. "Lokalizace místa zemního spojení v kompenzované distribuční síti." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233549.

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The most widespread system of an earthing neutral point of a supply transformer in a MV network is an earthing through an arc-suppression coil. In this case of a resonant-earthed power system a fault current is compensated by the suppression coil and only residual current flows through a fault point. A value of the residual current is much smaller then a value of an original capacitive current of the network and is not dependent on the fault location. According to that reasons it is really complicated to fast and accurately determine the fault point location. Since nowadays used methods for the ground fault location inside wide distribution networks have a lot of disadvantages, the thesis is focused on a proposal of a new method for the ground fault location especially inside of a compensated network. The main reasons for a consecutive installation of power quality meters into distribution transformer substations are a power quality monitoring and a global evolution of an electrical network onto the “SmartGrids”. In case that all results from the meters are properly synchronized and centralized, new possibilities of control or of an evaluation of a network are enabled. This doctoral thesis proposes the possibility for the ground fault detection with an aid of synchronized records recorded on the low-voltage side of the distribution transformers 22/0.4 kV into the network equipped with automatics for short-time increasing of an active part of a faulty current. The described method uses a voltage drop evoked by connecting of the auxiliary resistor for location of the faulty section. The proposed method is tested with help of numerical model which presents a part of the distribution network Series of simulation are executed and correct function and force function of the method is reviewed. Finally the thesis describes real experiment and also a confrontation between simulation and real measuring, and also possibilities of method usage are commented.

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Dvořáček, Jiří. "Autonomní a dispečerské řízení distribuovaných zdrojů v distribuční síti VN." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442469.

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Theses focuses on the evaluation of the possible means of active and reactive power control of generating units connected to medium voltage. First part summarizes analysis of Czech Republic medium voltage distribution grid. It summarizes means of autonomous and dispatcher control of generating units with respect to European Comission directive RfG, standard ČSN EN 50549-2 and national implementation PPDS. Following parts provide description of generating unit and distribution grid models used for simulation in PSCAD. Last part focuses on evaluation of results obtained via simulating steady-state scenarios as well as continuous simulation.

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Váša, Lukáš. "Parametry kabelových vedení." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442551.

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In recent years, the development trend of power grids character shows increased demand for using cables of both current overhead and newly constructed lines. In order to preserve reliable operation and to predict the maintenance requirements, it is crucial to regard not only the parameters certified by manufacturers, but also externalities induced by real environment and incorporate these externalities into cable models in simulation software. The diploma thesis deals with determining of characteristic parameters of single core cables in real environment, which are affected by real grounding methods of metal shielding. The emphasis is put on analysis of current cable models in simulation software PSCAD and its evaluation using two-step experiment 1) measurement of shunt parameters in laboratory using electronic bridge model and 2) on field measurement of cable series parameters in real environment.

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Dohnal, Martin. "Provoz elektrizační soustavy s velkým počtem netočivých zdrojů elektrické energie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-319292.

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This diploma thesis deals with the simulation of various operating situations in the network with many non-rotating power sources, especially focusing on frequency stability. Non-rotating power source is any source that delivers its power to the grid via power electronics. The first part of the thesis describes power system of the Czech Republic and its future development. In the next section, there is short description of today's most common non-rotating power sources. The third part deals with power regulation of the frequency in the grid. The following part describes the models of electrical circuit created for use in PSCAD simulations. The penultimate part describes simulations performed on a model of the network with many non-rotating power sources, which also includes rotating sources. The last part describes simulations performed on a model of the network that is composed of non-rotating power sources only.

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Bažata, Petr. "Generování transientního signálu pro účely testování ochran a indikátorů poruch." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219205.

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The thesis is focused on a presentation of a model creating which is followed by the simulation of running real network with using the compensatory elements to minimize the incurred failures. This thesis is divided into two thematic parts – the first theoretical one deals with the basis structuring of short-circuit faults and more detailed study of ineffective ground connection. Particularly this part attends to the problematic of a network description with extinguishing suppression. Using the compensation minimizes the impact of the failure state. A short-term fixing of a resistor improves the function of the ground-fault protection and helps to detect the outgoing section damaged by the defect. Furthermore the thesis indicates simulation programs, compares them and chooses the most suitable one for the next practical part. This is focused on a simulation of a real network run, together with elements for an effective defect-reduction or easier detection of ground connection. As a simulation of a ground short-circuit is the model in the end of the thesis modified on a network with an effective grounded bundle. Testing of the model correctness and creating a record of a model using the real ground protection settings is also one part of this thesis.

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Hála, Tomáš. "Řízení velikosti napětí v NN síti pomocí distribučních a linkových transformátorů na základě distribuovaného měření." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-385312.

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This diploma thesis discusses two major topics. The first one is the control size of the voltage in LV networks in regard to the increase in distributed generation concered to renewable energy sources. The study contains a review focused on the current state of low voltagegrid followed by a proposal for the solution of the oncoming state. The solution is identified as a deploying OLTC distribution transformer. In the case of more complex topology is deployed a series voltage transformer. Both methods are part of the Smart Grid. The thesis also analyzes the issue of the data measurement and data transmission. The second part of the thesis consists of the description of selected control strategies and their simulations. The design of individual system elements in the PSCAD is described. From these elements, a test network was constructed and tested the individual simulation scenarios.

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Itiki, Rodney. "Metodologia para mapeamento de zonas operacionais em sistemas de transmissão VSC-HVDC." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-09042018-145504/.

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Sistemas de transmissão de energia elétrica em corrente contínua e alta tensão baseados em tecnologia de conversores a fonte de tensão (VSC-HVDC), ao contrário de linhas de transmissão em corrente alternada, operam como elementos de controle de variáveis elétricas, podendo ser úteis na estabilidade do sistema de potência. Mas apesar desta vantagem, sistemas VSC-HVDC possuem limitações no desempenho estável, o que enseja o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para mapeamento de suas zonas de operação estável e possíveis regiões de instabilidade. Inicialmente estudou-se os detalhes da tecnologia VSC-HVDC tais como o funcionamento da eletrônica de potência e estratégias de controle utilizadas. Em seguida, investigou-se os modelos de geradores síncronos para interconexão com o lado CA das estações conversoras do VSC-HVDC. E, finalmente, aplicou-se a tecnologia VSC-HVDC sobre um modelo de sistema de potência com uma estação conversora localizada em um porto offshore e uma outra no continente, próxima à rede de alta tensão em corrente alternada. Simulações e análise deste sistema foram executadas considerando várias condições operacionais. O gráfico de potência gerada e consumida, obtido pela aplicação da metodologia, apresenta grande potencial de uso prático como por exemplo sua implementação na interface homem-máquina da estação de operação do porto offshore, provendo informação em tempo real de alto nível ao operador do sistema elétrico do porto offshore e consequentemente aumentando sua consciência situacional quanto a proximidade dos limites de instabilidade.
High voltage direct current power transmission systems based on voltage source converters (VSC-HVDC), as opposed to alternating current ones, operates as elements of control of electrical variables, being useful for stability of power system. Besides this advantage, VSC-HVDC systems have limitations in stable performance, which instigates the development of a methodology for mapping its operational zones of stability and possible regions of instability. The author initially studied the details of the VSC-HVDC technology such as the power electronic principles and the control strategies used on this research. Subsequently, the author investigated synchronous generator models for interconnection on the AC side of the VSC-HVDC converter stations. Finally, the author applied the VSC-HVDC technology on a model of power system with two converter stations, one located on an offshore port and the other on the shore, next to an alternating current high voltage power grid. Simulations and analysis of this system were carried out considering various operational conditions. The graphic of generated and consumed power on offshore port, obtained by the application of the methodology for mapping operational zones, presents a great potential of being implemented in the man-machine interface of an operation workstation, thus providing high level online information for the operator of the offshore port electrical system and consequently improving its situational awareness of the proximity to instability limits.

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Kopička, Marek. "Dynamické modely výrobních modulů." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-446740.

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The dissertation thesis deals with the design of the concept and implementation of models of electrical power system elements with regard to the potential of the use of computer programs – simulations. The solution of the thesis focuses on the compliance simulations of power-generating modules according to RfG (Requirements for Generators), as a document which setting out the requirements for the connection of power-generating facilities and also focuses on the issue of smart grids and MAS (Multi-Agent Systems) respectively. The framework of the thesis is thus defined by the area of requirements for power-generating modules according to legislative requirements (not only RfG, but also related standards incl. DSC (Distribution System Code), CSN EN 50438 and CSN EN 50549), requirements for agent functionalities and power-generating module abilities to operate in synchronous and island operation, including transitions between them, the process of synchronization (phasing) and communication between the individual elements of the power system.

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Petrov, Roman. "Vývoj komplexního simulátoru slunečního záření a jeho spolupráce s FV modulem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377099.

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The main point of this thesis is the extension of the complex solar radiation simulator, the creation of new functionalities, and the cooperation of this complex simulator with the PV power plant. This work builds on the work done in the area of solar radiation modeling. The thesis deals with the continuation, or improvement of some shortcomings, removing shortcomings, such as fixing the beginnings and ends of the simulation, correcting the calculation of sunrise and sunset, but also adding different types of clouds, combinations of different preset cloud situations, or data input, and more. These deficiencies are found in the bachelor's thesis "Complex Simulator of the solar irradiance", and PSCAD is the main tool in this work. Another important point of this work is the realization of the simulation where an improved solar radiation simulator works in cooperation with a model of a photovoltaic panel or a PV power plant, respectively. It has different operating states created in PSCAD. These include, for example, cloud crossings, both over the entire power plant and only partial. In addition, there are experiments that prove the fact that the direction of the incoming cloud plays a role in the power of the PV power plant.

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Nguyen, Minh-Triet [Verfasser]. "PSCA als DNA-Vakzine zur Behandlung des duktalen Pankreaskarzinoms / Minh Triet Nguyen." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2012. http://d-nb.info/104351094X/34.

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Bolgár, Robert. "Posouzení možností regulace napětí v distribučních sítích nn." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220155.

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This paper deals with possible ways of voltage regulation. Theoretical part includes a search of published methods and the available voltage regulators. Acquired theoretical knowledge has been applied in the development of mathematical models of two selected controllers applied to the testing network. The result of this work is a summary of the outcomes of dynamic simulations with two selected regulators at various locations in testing network. Comparing the results of dynamic simulation for two selected states was chosen the most appropriate regulator and its optimal location in testing network.

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Günes, Serap. "MODIFICATION OF VESICULAR STOMATITIS VIRUS G PROTEIN FOR TARGETED GENE DELIVERY INTO PSCA-POSITIVE TUMOR CELLS." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1182861723404-04537.

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Gene therapy is a promising treatment option for cancer. Ideally, a therapeutic gene is delivered specifically into tumor cells sparing the neighboring normal cells. For this purpose gene delivery vectors are designed that can recognize structures, which are exclusively expressed on tumor cells (i.e. the tumor-associated antigens -TAA-). Retroviral vectors are commonly used for gene therapy by modifying the envelope protein responsible for the recognition of the target cell. The Vesicular Stomatitis Virus G protein (VSV-G) is a well-liked choice for pseudotyping the retroviral vectors since it confers on the viral particle stability to allow concentration to high titers necessary for the clinical applications. However, the main drawback of VSV-G, the ubiquitously expressed receptor and thus the broad target range, hinders the use of this protein for targeted gene therapy. In this thesis, we aimed to modify the VSV-G for targeted gene therapy against Prostate Stem Cell Antigen (PSCA) -expressing tumors. Therefore we followed two approaches. The first approach comprised of the fusion of a single-chain antibody fragment against PSCA to the N-terminus of VSV-G. In the second approach the VSV-G was modified by insertion of a small epitope. We could demonstrate that two positions in the N-terminal region of VSV-G protein permit insertion of a ten amino acid long epitope. These mutant VSV-G proteins were successfully assembled into retroviral particles. We demonstrated that the mutant retroviral particles can be used for targeting to PSCA-positive cells using nanobeads. The nanobeads were chemically coupled to antibodies against the epitope in the VSV-G protein and PSCA on the tumor cell. These bispecific nanobeads allowed the recruitment of mutant retroviral particles to the PSCApositive cells. Our results point out the potential of these mutant retroviral particles in targeted gene delivery. Further studies will be necessary to assess the efficiency of in vivo targeted gene therapy using these mutant retroviral particles.

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Günes, Serap. "Modifikation of vesicular stomatitis virus G protein for targeted gene delivery into PSCA-positive tumor cells." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1182861723404-04537.

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Michen, Susanne. "Armierung von NK-Zellen mit den PSCA-spezifischen chimären Antigenrezeptoren NKp46-αPSCA und NKp46-KiBAP-αPSCA." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-160333.

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Bei den konventionellen Krebstherapien kommt es häufig zu einer Wiederkehr des Tumors, da meist einzelne Tumorzellen und abgesiedelte Metastasen im Körper verbleiben. Vor diesem Hintergrund hat die Entwicklung neuer Behandlungsmethoden, die spezifisch die Tumorzellen erkennen und eliminieren und zudem gesunde Körperzellen schonen, eine große Bedeutung in der heutigen Krebsforschung. Eine erfolgsversprechende Strategie ist die Generierung von tumorspezifischen, zytotoxischen Immuneffektorzellen, zum Beispiel T-Lymphozyten und Natürlichen Killerzellen, durch die genetische Modifikation mit einem chimären Antigenrezeptor (CAR). Dabei gibt es bereits weitreichende Studien mit T-Lymphozyten, so dass sich nun das Forschungsinteresse immer mehr auf die NK-Zellen richtet. Im Gegensatz zu CAR-armierten T-Lymphozyten sind sie in der Lage ihr antitumorales Potenzial nicht nur gegen Antigen-positive sondern auch MHC-Klasse I-negative Tumorzellen zu richten. Mögliche Zielstrukturen der CAR sind tumorassoziierte Antigene, wie das Prostata-spezifische Stammzellantigen (PSCA). Es wird auf über 94 % der humanen primären Prostatakarzinome und deren Knochenmetastasen verstärkt exprimiert, jedoch kaum auf Normalgewebe. PSCA ist somit ideal für eine Immuntherapie geeignet. Die bisher in Studien verwendeten CAR-armierten NK-Zellen wiesen eine feststehende Spezifität gegenüber einem bestimmten Tumorantigen auf. Allerdings ist die Expression von Tumorantigenen innerhalb des Tumors sehr heterogen oder wird durch Tumorevasionsmechanismen herunterreguliert. Dies begrenzt die Reaktivität CAR-armierter NK-Zellen. Durch die Generierung eines CAR, dessen Spezifität gegenüber einem Tumorantigen ausgetauscht werden kann, wäre der universelle Einsatz CAR-armierter NK-Zellen in der adjuvanten Immuntherapie von Tumorerkrankungen möglich. Im Hauptteil dieser Arbeit wurden die permanente NK-Zelllinie YTS und primäre humane NK-Zellen mittels lentiviralen Gentransfers mit einem PSCA-spezifischen CAR, bestehend aus dem gegen PSCA gerichteten Einzelkettenantikörper αPSCA und dem aktivierenden NK-Zellrezeptor NKp46, armiert. Die generierten NK-Zellen wiesen eine über längere Zeiträume stabile Oberflächenexpression des CAR αPSCA-NKp46 auf. Die Kreuzvernetzung des CAR mit seinem Antigen führte zunächst zu keiner selektiven Immunantwort der CAR-armierten YTS und primären NK-Zellen gegenüber histogenetisch verschiedenen, PSCA-exprimierenden Tumorzelllinien. Erst nach gleichzeitiger Überexpression des mit NKp46 assoziierten Signaladaptermoleküls CD3-ζ wurde eine Aktivierung der Effektorfunktionen der YTS NK-Zellen induziert. Dies zeigte sich zum einen in der Expression von CD107a als Degranulationsmarker sowie der Freisetzung des inflammatorischen Zytokins IFN-γ. Zum anderen wiesen die CAR-armierten und CD3-ζ-exprimierenden YTS NK-Zellen eine spezifische Zytotoxizität gegenüber MHC-Klasse I- und PSCA-exprimierenden Tumorzellen auf. Im anschließenden Teil der Arbeit wurde ein modular aufgebauter CAR generiert, bei dem der Einzelkettenantikörper und folglich die Spezifität gegenüber Tumorantigenen austauschbar ist. Dazu wurden YTS NK-Zellen durch lentiviralen Gentransfer mit dem biotinylierbaren NKp46-NK-Zellrezeptor NKp46-KiBAP modifiziert, der über mehrere Monate stabil auf der Oberfläche exprimiert wurde. Die exogene als auch endogene Biotinylierung des Rezeptors wurde mittels einer Biotinproteinligase demonstriert. Unter Ausnutzung der sehr starken Biotin-Avidin-Bindung wurde die Assoziation mit einem Einzelkettenantikörper nachgewiesen. Dafür wurde exemplarisch der gegen PSCA gerichtete, biotinylierbare Einzelkettenantikörper αPSCA-BAP verwendet. Diese Arbeit zeigt, dass eine spezifische Erkennung und effiziente Lyse von PSCA-exprimierenden Tumorzellen durch die generierten CAR-armierten NK-Zellen erfolgte, wobei zum ersten Mal NKp46 als Bestandteil eines CAR verwendet wurde. Zudem wurde ein modular aufgebauter CAR generiert, dessen Spezifität gegenüber Tumorantigenen austauschbar ist. Diese neuartige Strategie ermöglicht erstmalig eine flexible Armierung von NK-Zellen und stellt damit einen wesentlichen Vorteil bei der Behandlung verschiedener Krebserkrankungen dar.

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Heinrich, Marie-Christine [Verfasser]. "Die PSCA Expression ist mit günstigen Tumoreigenschaften und reduziertem PSA Rezidiv bei operiertem Prostatakarzinom assoziiert / Marie-Christine Heinrich." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1221084798/34.

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Leyton, Victor Jeffrey. "Engineered antibody fragments for the targeting and imaging of prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA)- expressing xenografts in vivo by microPET." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1624118821&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Amos, B. Kirtley. "Up Regulation of Heat Shock Protein 70B (HSP70B) and SSA1 in Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii via HSP70A-RBCS2 and PSAD Promoter." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/bae_etds/39.

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Fabrication of effective algae cultivation systems adjacent to coal-fired power plants to fixate waste CO2 would represent a sizable step towards achieving a carbon neutral energy cycle. However, emission gas would elevate the algal cultivation system temperature and decreases its pH without expensive preprocessing. Increased temperature and acidity constitutes a profound stress on the algae. Although stressed algae produce heat shock proteins (HSPs) that promote protein folding and protect against stress, the ordinary biological response is insufficient to protect against coal flue gas. Experimental upregulation of HSPs could make algae respond to the stress caused by high temperatures and low pH at an elevated level. However, no work has been done to determine whether HSPs can be experimentally upregulated in algae. Here, the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii algal strain was selected because it has a sequenced genome and singular cell structure ideal for genetic modifications. Two genetic modification methods: transformation with plasmids pCB720/pCB740, and cloned pchlamiRNA3/pchlamiRNA3int with yeast HSP gene SSA1 were evaluated. pCB720/pCB740 up regulate algae production of native HSP, HSP70B. pCB720 transformation success was observed but statistically, data varied. pchlamiRNA3/pchlamiRNA3int were cloned with SSA1. Chlorophyll content measured growth indirectly. Quantitative HSP detection could be done using RT-PCR.

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Michen, Susanne [Verfasser], Hanns Achim [Akademischer Betreuer] Temme, and Gerold [Akademischer Betreuer] Barth. "Armierung von NK-Zellen mit den PSCA-spezifischen chimären Antigenrezeptoren NKp46-αPSCA und NKp46-KiBAP-αPSCA / Susanne Michen. Gutachter: Hanns Achim Temme ; Gerold Barth. Betreuer: Hanns Achim Temme." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1069093149/34.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'PSCAD'

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