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1
Godfrey, S. A. C., S. A. Harrow, J. W. Marshall, and J. D. Klena. "Characterization by 16S rRNA Sequence Analysis of Pseudomonads Causing Blotch Disease of Cultivated Agaricus bisporus." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 9 (September 1, 2001): 4316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.9.4316-4323.2001.
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ABSTRACT Bacterial blotch of Agaricus bisporus has typically been identified as being caused by either Pseudomonas tolaasii (brown blotch) or Pseudomonas gingeri(ginger blotch). To address the relatedness of pseudomonads able to induce blotch, a pilot study was initiated in which pseudomonads were selectively isolated from mushroom farms throughout New Zealand. Thirty-three pseudomonad isolates were identified as being capable of causing different degrees of discoloration (separable into nine categories) of A. bisporus tissue in a bioassay. These isolates were also identified as unique using repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR and biochemical analysis. Relationships between these 33 blotch-causing organisms (BCO) and a further 22 selected pseudomonad species were inferred by phylogenetic analyses of near-full-length 16S rRNA gene nucleotide sequences. The 33 BCO isolates were observed to be distributed throughout thePseudomonas fluorescens intrageneric cluster. These results show that in addition to known BCO (P. tolaasii, P. gingeri, and Pseudomonas reactans), a number of diverse pseudomonad species also have the ability to cause blotch diseases with various discolorations. Furthermore, observation of ginger blotch discoloration of A. bisporus being independently caused by many different pseudomonad species impacts on the homogeneity and classification of the previously described P. gingeri.
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Freitas, J. Renato de, and James J. Germida. "Pseudomonas cepacia and Pseudomonas putida as winter wheat inoculants for biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 37, no. 10 (October 1, 1991): 780–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m91-134.
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Pseudomonas cepacia R55 and R85 and Pseudomonas putida R104, antagonistic towards plant pathogenic fungi in vitro, were assessed as seed inoculants for winter wheat (cv. Norstar) grown in a growth chamber in soil infested with Fusarium solani or Rhizoctonia solani isolate AG-1, AG 2-1, or AG-3. Infestation of soil with R. solani AG-1 or AG 2-1 reduced root dry weight of uninoculated plants by 62 and 78%, respectively, whereas R. solani AG-3 or F. solani had no effect on plant biomass. Pseudomonad inoculants increased (relative to plants subjected to disease) the winter wheat root dry weight by 92–128% and shoot dry weight by 28–48% in the soil infested with R. solani AG-1. The shoot material of all plants inoculated with pseudomonads also had significantly (P < 0.05) higher total Fe contents than the uninoculated treatment in the R. solani AG-1 infested soil. Pseudomonas cepacia R55 produced the highest (P < 0.01) total Fe contents in the shoots, but it had no effect on N and P content. Pseudomonas cepacia R85 significantly increased total N (P < 0.05) and total P (P < 0.01) of wheat shoots, and P. putida R104 increased the percentage (P < 0.05) and (or) total P content (P < 0.01) in the soil infested with R. solani AG-1. Pseudomonas cepacia R85 also significantly (P < 0.05) increased wheat shoot biomass in R. solani AG-3 infested soil. All three pseudomonads produced fluorescent siderophores when cultured in a low-iron medium. These results suggest an in situ antibiosis activity of three fluorescent pseudomonad strains towards phytopathogenic fungi and suggest that the plant growth response was probably due to protection against damage caused by R. solani. Key words: biocontrol, pseudomonads, Rhizoctonia solani, winter wheat, siderophores.
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FARRAG, SEHAM A., and ELMER H. MARTH. "Behavior of Listeria monocytogenes when Incubated Together with Pseudomonas Species in Tryptose Broth at 7 and 13°C." Journal of Food Protection 52, no. 8 (August 1, 1989): 536–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-52.8.536.
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Tryptose broth (TB) was inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes (strain Scott A or California), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas flourescens, or a combination of L. monocytogenes plus Pseudomonas species, and incubated at 7 or 13°C for 8 weeks. McBride Listeria Agar was used to determine numbers of L. monocytogenes and Pseudomonas Isolation Agar to enumerate Pseudomonas species at 0, 7, 14, 28, 42, or 56 d. At 13°C, presence of P. fluorescens had a slight negative effect on growth of L. monocytogenes strain Scott A, and was somewhat detrimental to its survival during the extended incubation. Growth of L. monocytogenes strain California was retarded by presence of P. fluorescens although the maximum population achieved by the pathogen was greater in the presence rather than absence of the pseudomonad; the pseudomonad did have a negative effect on survival of the pathogen. At the same temperature, P. aeruginosa had a negative effect on survival of L. monocytogenes strain California, but had essentially no effect on the other strain of the pathogen. Neither strain of L. monocytogenes affected growth of P. fluorescens nor P. aeruginosa. At 13°C the pH of TB generally decreased when L. monocytogenes grew by itself but increased when either pseudomonad grew by itself or together with the pathogen. At 7°C, growth of both pseudomonads was minimal. Presence of non-growing cells of P. fluorescens retarded somewhat growth of both L. monocytogenes strains early during the incubation. P. aeruginosa had no detectable effect on either strain of L. monocytogenes. The pH of TB decreased when L. monocytogenes grew by itself or together with either pseudomonad, and remained unchanged in TB inoculated with either pseudomonad.
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Katsuwon, J., R. Zdor, and A. J. Anderson. "Superoxide dismutase activity in root-colonizing pseudomonads." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 39, no. 4 (April 1, 1993): 420–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m93-061.
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Several saprophytic fluorescent pseudomonads that are aggressive root colonizers express similar specific activities of superoxide dismutase during growth in liquid culture. The pseudomonads have the potential to produce hydrogen peroxide sensitive and hydrogen peroxide insensitive isoforms of superoxide dismutase with distinct mobilities in nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Synthesis of the hydrogen peroxide insensitive form is enhanced by limited iron availability, by exposure to Mn2+, and to a lesser extent by external sources of superoxide anion. Unlike Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a root-colonizing strain of Pseudomonas putida did not show regulation of isoform pattern by phosphate availability. A plasmid potentially encoding the pseudomonad hydrogen peroxide sensitive form complemented the superoxide dismutase deficiency in a mutant of Escherichia coli lacking expression of both Fe and Mn genes. Contact between the plant root and pseudomonad or E. coli cells that lack or express superoxide dismutase did not influence superoxide anion production from root surface enzymes. The pseudomonad and the superoxide dismutase deficient and producing E. coli strains survived exposure to the root equally well. Only the hydrogen peroxide sensitive isoform of superoxide dismutase was detected in P. putida cells associated with bean root surfaces.Key words: pseudomonads, activated oxygen, root surface colonization.
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McSpadden Gardener, Brian B. "Diversity and Ecology of Biocontrol Pseudomonas spp. in Agricultural Systems." Phytopathology® 97, no. 2 (February 2007): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-97-2-0221.
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Diverse Pseudomonas spp. may act as biological controls of plant pathogens, but the ecology of those natural populations is not well understood. And, while biocontrol potential has been identified in multiple pseudomonad strains, the linkages between genotype and phenotype have yet to be fully delineated. However, intensive studies of one class of biocontrol strains, i.e., those that can produce 2,4-diacetylphloroglucionl (DAPG), have provided new insights into the diversity, distribution, and interactions of biocontrol pseudomonads. Those studies also laid the foundation for future research and development of pseudomonad-based biocontrol strategies. Over the past several years, numerous studies have also revealed that biocontrol pseudomonads are widely distributed in agricultural soils, and that multiple crop and soil factors can affect their abundance and activities. Recent work has shown that a variety of farm management practices that reduce soilborne disease pressure can also alter the rhizosphere abundance of DAPG producers in complex ways. Such studies provide support for the hypothesis of an ecological feedback mechanism whereby a native biocontrol population increase and subsequently reduce root disease severity following infection. It is well established that complex biological interactions can take place among bio-control pseudomonads, plant pathogens, their hosts, and other members of the microbial community. The net result of such interactions likely dilutes biocontrol efficacy at the field scale. Nonetheless, inoculation can be effective, and several successful applications of biocontrol pseudomonads have been developed. Future applications of microbial ecology research will hopefully improve the consistency and efficacy of bio-control mediated by Pseudomonas spp. Current applications and future opportunities for improving pseudomonad-based biological control are discussed.
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Rahman, Mizanur, Mohammad Jobayer, Nadira Akter, Farook Ahamed, SM Shamsuzzaman, and Kazi Zulfiquer Mamun. "Rapid detection of Pseudomonad at species level by multiplex PCR in surgical units and ICU of Dhaka Medical College Hospital." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology 10, no. 2 (July 28, 2016): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v10i2.51928.
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Pseudomonads are the most important gram negative organisms involved in various types of infection. This cross sectional study was conducted from January to December 2010 to isolate and identify Pseudomonad at species level in different clinical samples by culture and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and to evaluate the efficacy of PCR in rapid detection of the bacteria at species level. Wound swab and tips of endotracheal tube were collected from hospitalized patients from different surgical units and intensive care unit (ICU) of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka. Pseudomonads were isolated and identified at species level by culture, microscopy, different biochemical tests and PCR. Among 230 samples, 52.6% were surgical wound, 34.3% were burn wound and 9.6% were traumatic wound samples and 3.4% were tips of endotracheal tubes. Twenty six percent isolated organisms were Pseudomonas spp., 30.4% were Escherichia coli, and 13.5% were Staphylococcus aureus. Others were Proteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterobacter spp. In 19.67% samples mixed infections by other organism (Esch coli, Staph aureus, Proteus spp, Klebsiella spp) with Pseudomonas were detected and its distribution was highest in traumatic and burn wound. Multiplex PCR and different biochemical tests were used to identify 3 bacterial species of Pseudomonad. Among the species identified, 95.52% was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 2.99% was Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and 1.49% was Burkholderia cepacia. The sensitivity of multiplex PCR was 95.08% and specificity 94.67%. PCR was the most rapid and more accurate method for detection of Pseudomonad at species level.
 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2016; 10 (2): 22-26
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Campbell, James N., Kenneth Conn, Linnea Sorlie, and Fred D. Cook. "Inhibition of growth in canola seedlings caused by an opportunistic Pseudomonas sp. Under laboratory and field conditions." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 32, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m86-041.
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If Pseudomonas rp2, a field-isolated fluorescent pseudomonad, is present on canola (rape) seeds at the time of sprouting, it causes an inhibition of root growth leading to death or delayed maturation of the plant. Inhibitory strains of this type comprise less than 10% of the fluorescent pseudomonads isolated from local field samples, but they were found in widely dispersed sources. By present standards, these Pseudomonas strains would be considered soil saprophytes, since they survive in sterile soil at 4 and −20 °C in the absence of plant material, and since they do not match taxonomically with established plant pathogenic Pseudomonas spp. tested. Under laboratory conditions, inoculation of seeds with Pseudomonas rp2 caused death in 30%, and delayed development in 68% of infected plants. Minimum bacterial load, recoverable from the seed surface and capable of causing inhibition, was 10–20 colony-forming units per seed. The effect of inoculation of seeds with Pseudomonas rp2 on stand, rate of growth, and seed yield was quantitated under field conditions. The results reflected values obtained under laboratory conditions. The potential economic and ecological significance of this type of infection is discussed.
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Beaulieu, C., S. Gill, L. Miville, and P. Dion. "Genetic regions of Pseudomonas aureofaciens strain 211 involved in nopaline catabolism." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 34, no. 7 (July 1, 1988): 843–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m88-145.
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A DNA fragment from the nopaline catabolism region of the Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens showed no detectable homology to the total DNA of several nopaline-utilizing strains of Pseudomonas spp. From one of these pseudomonads, Pseudomonas aureofaciens strain 211, mutants defective in the catabolism of nopaline but not arginine, have been obtained by mutagenesis with transposon Tn5, and also with TnV using a new suicide plasmid vector. The DNA fragment bearing the TnV insertion has been cloned and found to hybridize with DNA of every pseudomonad tested, independently of the capacity to utilize nopaline, but not with Agrobacterium DNA. In a separate experiment, nonmutagenized DNA of strain 211 was cloned in a cosmid vector. Transfer of one of these clones to Pseudomonas putida strain KT2440 conferred on the recipient the capacity for nopaline utilization. However, this cosmid clone was only partially functional, since it did not complement a TnV mutant.
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Meyer, Jean-Marie, Valérie A. Geoffroy, Nader Baida, Louis Gardan, Daniel Izard, Philippe Lemanceau, Wafa Achouak, and Norberto J. Palleroni. "Siderophore Typing, a Powerful Tool for the Identification of Fluorescent and Nonfluorescent Pseudomonads." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 6 (June 2002): 2745–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.6.2745-2753.2002.
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ABSTRACT A total of 301 strains of fluorescent pseudomonads previously characterized by conventional phenotypic and/or genomic taxonomic methods were analyzed through siderotyping, i.e., by the isoelectrophoretic characterization of their main siderophores and pyoverdines and determination of the pyoverdine-mediated iron uptake specificity of the strains. As a general rule, strains within a well-circumscribed taxonomic group, namely the species Pseudomonas brassicacearum, Pseudomonas fuscovaginae, Pseudomonas jessenii, Pseudomonas mandelii, Pseudomonas monteilii, “Pseudomonas mosselii,” “Pseudomonas palleronii,” Pseudomonas rhodesiae, “Pseudomonas salomonii,” Pseudomonas syringae, Pseudomonas thivervalensis, Pseudomonas tolaasii, and Pseudomonas veronii and the genomospecies FP1, FP2, and FP3 produced an identical pyoverdine which, in addition, was characteristic of the group, since it was structurally different from the pyoverdines produced by the other groups. In contrast, 28 strains belonging to the notoriously heterogeneous Pseudomonas fluorescens species were characterized by great heterogeneity at the pyoverdine level. The study of 23 partially characterized phenotypic clusters demonstrated that siderotyping is very useful in suggesting correlations between clusters and well-defined species and in detecting misclassified individual strains, as verified by DNA-DNA hybridization. The usefulness of siderotyping as a determinative tool was extended to the nonfluorescent species Pseudomonas corrugata, Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis, Pseudomonas graminis, and Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, which were seen to have an identical species-specific siderophore system and thus were easily differentiated from one another. Thus, the fast, accurate, and easy-to-perform siderotyping method compares favorably with the usual phenotypic and genomic methods presently necessary for accurate identification of pseudomonads at the species level.
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Tryfinopoulou, P., E. Tsakalidou, and G. J. E. Nychas. "Characterization of Pseudomonas spp. Associated with Spoilage of Gilt-Head Sea Bream Stored under Various Conditions." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 1 (January 2002): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.1.65-72.2002.
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ABSTRACT The population dynamics of pseudomonads in gilt-head sea bream Mediterranean fish (Sparus aurata) stored under different conditions were studied. Phenotypic analysis and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole-cell proteins were performed to identify a total of 106 Pseudomonas strains isolated from S. aurata stored under different temperatures (at 0, 10, and 20°C) and packaging conditions (air and a modified atmosphere of 40% CO2-30% N2-30% O2). Pseudomonas lundensis was the predominant species, followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens, while Pseudomonas fragi and Pseudomonas putida were detected less frequently. Fluorescent Pseudomonas strains dominated under air conditions, while proteolytic and less lipolytic strains dominated under modified-atmosphere packaging. Different storage conditions appear to govern the selection of pseudomonads in gilt-head sea bream fish.
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Mubassu, Polly, Abednego Musyoki, Erick Odoyo, Collins Kigen, and Lillian Musila. "Environmental reservoirs of multidrug-resistant pseudomonads in a geographical location in Kenya with high community-acquired infections." F1000Research 13 (May 13, 2024): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.147914.1.
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Background Pseudomonads are gram negative bacteria and readily form biofilms in the environment, allowing long-term colonization and persistence in sinks, water systems. They pose a risk of life-threatening opportunistic infections in immune-compromised individuals. MDR strains, make treatment increasingly difficult. Environmentally persistent MDR strains are typically problematic within healthcare facilities, however, data on MDR pseudomonad reservoirs in settings with community-acquired infections to inform preventive interventions, in resource-constrained settings is scarce. Here, we determined reservoirs and antibiotic susceptibility of Pseudomonas species in water sources in Kisumu County, Kenya with reported high levels of community acquired pseudomonad infections. Methods We adopted a cross-sectional design, randomly collecting 297 samples from tap heads, sinks, tanks, vendor and household storage containers in six selected sub-locations and one hospital (KCRH). Standard microbiological procedures were used for identification and AST of the isolates. Results We isolated Pseudomonads from 14.1% of the samples collected, predominantly from the community 10.4%. Seven different pseudomonads were identified, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa predominating 6.7% overall, in the community samples 5.7%, and among isolates from water tanks 21.4%. Pseudomonad isolates were 62% non-susceptible to piperacillin, 57% to tigecycline, 24% meropenem, 21% cefepime, 19% levofloxacin and 14% colistin. Carbapenem resistance was mainly detected in P. aeruginosa 80% (8/10) from Milimani sub-location 75% (6/8). 45% of the isolates recovered were MDR, mainly community-associated carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (CRPA) 42%, strains susceptible to colistin. The MDR pseudomonads exhibited high multiple antibiotic resistance indices, ranging from 0.43 to 1. Conclusion This study reveals a higher prevalence of MDR pseudomonads, including CRPA strains in community water sources. These potential conduits of drug resistance present a critical public health threat, especially among immunocompromised. Regular cleaning of water storage facilities, water treatment and implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs, are required to prevent a rise in AMR and eliminate the environmental reservoirs that put the vulnerable populations at risk.
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Reddy, Gundlapalli S. N., Genki I. Matsumoto, Peter Schumann, Erko Stackebrandt, and Sisinthy Shivaji. "Psychrophilic pseudomonads from Antarctica: Pseudomonas antarctica sp. nov., Pseudomonas meridiana sp. nov. and Pseudomonas proteolytica sp. nov." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, no. 3 (May 1, 2004): 713–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02827-0.
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Thirty-one bacteria that belonged to the genus Pseudomonas were isolated from cyanobacterial mat samples that were collected from various water bodies in Antarctica. All 31 isolates were psychrophilic; they could be divided into three groups, based on their protein profiles. Representative strains of each of the three groups, namely CMS 35T, CMS 38T and CMS 64T, were studied in detail. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was established that the strains were related closely to the Pseudomonas fluorescens group. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics further confirmed their affiliation to this group. The three strains could also be differentiated from each other and the closely related species Pseudomonas orientalis, Pseudomonas brenneri and Pseudomonas migulae, based on phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and the level of DNA–DNA hybridization. Therefore, it is proposed that strains CMS 35T (=MTCC 4992T=DSM 15318T), CMS 38T (=MTCC 4993T=DSM 15319T) and CMS 64T (=MTCC 4994T=DSM 15321T) should be assigned to novel species of the genus Pseudomonas as Pseudomonas antarctica sp. nov., Pseudomonas meridiana sp. nov. and Pseudomonas proteolytica sp. nov., respectively.
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Moënne-Loccoz, Yvan, Hans-Volker Tichy, Anne O'Donnell, Reinhard Simon, and Fergal O'Gara. "Impact of 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol-Producing Biocontrol StrainPseudomonas fluorescens F113 on Intraspecific Diversity of Resident Culturable Fluorescent Pseudomonads Associated with the Roots of Field-Grown Sugar Beet Seedlings." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 8 (August 1, 2001): 3418–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.8.3418-3425.2001.
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ABSTRACT The impact of the 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescens F113Rif on the diversity of the resident community of culturable fluorescent pseudomonads associated with the roots of field-grown sugar beet seedlings was evaluated. At 19 days after sowing, the seed inoculant F113Rif had replaced some of the resident culturable fluorescent pseudomonads at the rhizoplane but had no effect on the number of these bacteria in the rhizosphere. A total of 498 isolates of resident fluorescent pseudomonads were obtained and characterized by molecular means at the level of broad phylogenetic groups (by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis) and at the strain level (with random amplified polymorphic DNA markers) as well as phenotypically (55 physiological tests). The introduced pseudomonad induced a major shift in the composition of the resident culturable fluorescentPseudomonas community, as the percentage of rhizoplane isolates capable of growing on three carbon substrates (erythritol, adonitol, and l-tryptophan) not assimilated by the inoculant was increased from less than 10% to more than 40%. However, the pseudomonads selected did not display enhanced resistance to 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol. The shift in the resident populations, which was spatially limited to the surface of the root (i.e., the rhizoplane), took place without affecting the relative proportions of phylogenetic groups or the high level of strain diversity of the resident culturable fluorescent Pseudomonas community. These results suggest that the root-associatedPseudomonas community of sugar beet seedlings is resilient to the perturbation that may be caused by a taxonomically related inoculant.
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Snopková, Kateřina, Kristýna Dufková, and David Šmajs. "Pseudomonas prosekii isolated in Antarctica inhibits plantpathogenic strains of Pseudomonas viridiflava and Pseudomonas fluorescens." Czech Polar Reports 11, no. 2 (February 11, 2022): 270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpr2021-2-18.
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Pseudomonas-caused plant diseases are present worldwide and affect most of the major lineages of higher plants which, as a consequence, may result in significant economic losses. Despite the use of bacteriocins produced by rhizosphere and soil bacteria has been nowadays considered as novel crop protection approach, antagonistic interactions of cold-adapted isolates toward agriculturally important phytopathogenic bacteria have not been studied yet. In this study, we tested inhibition activity of Antarctic Pseudomonas spp. against phytopathogenic pseudomonads. Four Antarctic stains (P. prosekii CCM 8878, CCM 8879, and CCM 8881 and Pseudomonas sp. CCM 8880) inhibited several phytopathogenic strains of P. viridiflava and P. fluorescens. Based on inhibition zone character and previous genome research we suggest that L-pyocin activity was responsible for this effect against P. viridiflava strains and that tailocin inhibited P. fluorescens isolate.
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Parales, Rebecca E., Vasyl Nesteryuk, Jonathan G. Hughes, Rita A. Luu, and Jayna L. Ditty. "Cytosine chemoreceptor McpC in Pseudomonas putida F1 also detects nicotinic acid." Microbiology 160, no. 12 (December 1, 2014): 2661–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.081968-0.
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Soil bacteria are generally capable of growth on a wide range of organic chemicals, and pseudomonads are particularly adept at utilizing aromatic compounds. Pseudomonads are motile bacteria that are capable of sensing a wide range of chemicals, using both energy taxis and chemotaxis. Whilst the identification of specific chemicals detected by the ≥26 chemoreceptors encoded in Pseudomonas genomes is ongoing, the functions of only a limited number of Pseudomonas chemoreceptors have been revealed to date. We report here that McpC, a methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein in Pseudomonas putida F1 that was previously shown to function as a receptor for cytosine, was also responsible for the chemotactic response to the carboxylated pyridine nicotinic acid.
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Blanco-Romero, Esther, Daniel Garrido-Sanz, Rafael Rivilla, Miguel Redondo-Nieto, and Marta Martín. "In Silico Characterization and Phylogenetic Distribution of Extracellular Matrix Components in the Model Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens F113 and Other Pseudomonads." Microorganisms 8, no. 11 (November 6, 2020): 1740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8111740.
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Biofilms are complex structures that are crucial during host–bacteria interaction and colonization. Bacteria within biofilms are surrounded by an extracellular matrix (ECM) typically composed of proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and DNA. Pseudomonads contain a variety of ECM components, some of which have been extensively characterized. However, neither the ECM composition of plant-associated pseudomonads nor their phylogenetic distribution within the genus has been so thoroughly studied. In this work, we use in silico methods to describe the ECM composition of Pseudomonas fluorescens F113, a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and model for rhizosphere colonization. These components include the polysaccharides alginate, poly-N-acetyl-glucosamine (PNAG) and levan; the adhesins LapA, MapA and PsmE; and the functional amyloids in Pseudomonas. Interestingly, we identified novel components: the Pseudomonas acidic polysaccharide (Pap), whose presence is limited within the genus; and a novel type of Flp/Tad pilus, partially different from the one described in P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, we explored the phylogenetic distribution of the most relevant ECM components in nearly 600 complete Pseudomonas genomes. Our analyses show that Pseudomonas populations contain a diverse set of gene/gene clusters potentially involved in the formation of their ECMs, showing certain commensal versus pathogen lifestyle specialization.
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Pyle, Barry H., and Gordon A. McFeters. "Population dynamics of pseudomonads after iodination." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 36, no. 11 (November 1, 1990): 801–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m90-137.
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The population dynamics of pseudomonads grown under rich or low nutrient conditions were examined following iodination. Iodinated and untreated controls of Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Pseudomonas cepacia were resuspended in phosphate buffer and incubated at room temperature. Viable populations of iodine-treated cultures increased faster in phosphate-buffered water than uniodinated controls. Thus, bacteria in iodinated water systems may recover or multiply during storage and distribution after disinfection and may pose a significant health risk. Key words: iodine, disinfection, pseudomonads.
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Giles, Courtney D., Pei-Chun (Lisa) Hsu, Alan E. Richardson, Mark R. H. Hurst, and Jane E. Hill. "The role of gluconate production by Pseudomonas spp. in the mineralization and bioavailability of calcium–phytate to Nicotiana tabacum." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 61, no. 12 (December 2015): 885–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2015-0206.
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Organic phosphorus (P) is abundant in most soils but is largely unavailable to plants. Pseudomonas spp. can improve the availability of P to plants through the production of phytases and organic anions. Gluconate is a major component of Pseudomonas organic anion production and may therefore play an important role in the mineralization of insoluble organic P forms such as calcium–phytate (CaIHP). Organic anion and phytase production was characterized in 2 Pseudomonas spp. soil isolates (CCAR59, Ha200) and an isogenic mutant of strain Ha200, which lacked a functional glucose dehydrogenase (Gcd) gene (strain Ha200 gcd::Tn5B8). Wild-type and mutant strains of Pseudomonas spp. were evaluated for their ability to solubilize and hydrolyze CaIHP and to promote the growth and assimilation of P by tobacco plants. Gluconate, 2-keto-gluconate, pyruvate, ascorbate, acetate, and formate were detected in Pseudomonas spp. supernatants. Wild-type pseudomonads containing a functional gcd could produce gluconate and mineralize CaIHP, whereas the isogenic mutant could not. Inoculation with Pseudomonas improved the bioavailability of CaIHP to tobacco plants, but there was no difference in plant growth response due to Gcd function. Gcd function is required for the mineralization of CaIHP in vitro; however, further studies will be needed to quantify the relative contribution of specific organic anions such as gluconate to plant growth promotion by soil pseudomonads.
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Park, Yoon-Dong, Hana Yi, Keun Sik Baik, Chi Nam Seong, Kyung Sook Bae, Eun Young Moon, and Jongsik Chun. "Pseudomonas segetis sp. nov., isolated from soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 2593–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63792-0.
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A Gram-negative, aerobic bacterium, designated strain FR1439T, was isolated from the soil of Dokdo in the Republic of Korea. The cells of strain FR1439T were catalase- and oxidase-positive, motile and rod-shaped. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that it represents a distinct line of descent within the genus Pseudomonas. The levels of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain FR1439T and type strains of phylogenetically related species, namely Pseudomonas flavescens, Pseudomonas mendocina, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes and Pseudomonas straminea, ranged from 28 to 37 %. Several phenotypic characteristics, together with the cellular fatty acid composition, can be used to differentiate strain FR1439T from related pseudomonads. On the basis of the polyphasic taxonomic evidence presented in this study, strain FR1439T represents a novel species, for which the name Pseudomonas segetis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FR1439T (=IMSNU 14101T=CIP 108523T=KCTC 12331T).
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Gionfriddo, J. R., R. Rosenbusch, J. M. Kinyon, D. M. Betts, and T. M. Smith. "Bacterial and mycoplasmal flora of the healthy camelid conjunctival sac." American Journal of Veterinary Research 52, no. 7 (July 1, 1991): 1061–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1991.52.07.1061.
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Summary Healthy conjunctival sacs of 88 animals of 3 species of captive camelids (Lamaglama, Lama guanicoe, Lama pacos) and llama-guanaco hybrids were sampled for bacterial and mycoplasmal flora. Mycoplasmas were not isolated from any animal. Eleven genera of bacteria were isolated. The most frequent isolates were Staphyloccus epidermidis and Pseudomonas spp. Nine varieties of Pseudomonas were found, which represented at least 3 Pseudomonas species. Many of the bacterial isolates (especially the pseudomonads) are potential pathogens in the eyes of these camelids.
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CAMPO, J. DEL, F. CARLIN, and C. NGUYEN-THE. "Effects of Epiphytic Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonads on the Growth of Listeria monocytogenes in Model Media." Journal of Food Protection 64, no. 5 (May 1, 2001): 721–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-64.5.721.
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Four Enterobacteriaceae (Enterobacter agglomerans and Rhanella aquatilis) and six pseudomonads (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, Pseudomonas putida) isolated from minimally processed green endive were coinoculated at 10°C with Listeria monocytogenes in a minimal medium. Pseudomonads did not modify the growth of L. monocytogenes, whereas Enterobacteriaceae reduced its maximal population by 2 to 3 log CFU/ml. The same effect was observed in a diluted yeast extract medium supplemented with amino acids and glucose, in which L. monocytogenes grown alone reached 109 to 1010 CFU/ml. In the same diluted yeast extract medium, not supplemented with glucose and amino acids, the maximal population of L. monocytogenes in the presence of both Enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonads was only slightly reduced (less than 0.5 log CFU/ml). Culture filtrates of the Enterobacteriaceae had no inhibitory activity on L. monocytogenes. The effect of the Enterobacteriaceae on L. monocytogenes growth was presumably due to a competition for glucose and/or amino acids.
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Inoue, Hiroyuki, Osamu Takimura, Hiroyuki Fuse, Katsuji Murakami, Kazuo Kamimura, and Yukiho Yamaoka. "Degradation of Triphenyltin by a Fluorescent Pseudomonad." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 8 (August 1, 2000): 3492–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.8.3492-3498.2000.
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ABSTRACT Triphenyltin (TPT)-degrading bacteria were screened by a simple technique using a post-column high-performance liquid chromatography using 3,3′,4′,7-tetrahydroxyflavone as a post-column reagent for determination of TPT and its metabolite, diphenyltin (DPT). An isolated strain, strain CNR15, was identified as Pseudomonas chlororaphis on the basis of its morphological and biochemical features. The incubation of strain CNR15 in a medium containing glycerol, succinate, and 130 μM TPT resulted in the rapid degradation of TPT and the accumulation of approximately 40 μM DPT as the only metabolite after 48 h. The culture supernatants of strain CNR15, grown with or without TPT, exhibited a TPT degradation activity, whereas the resting cells were not capable of degrading TPT. TPT was stoichiometrically degraded to DPT by the solid-phase extract of the culture supernatant, and benzene was detected as another degradation product. We found that the TPT degradation was catalyzed by low-molecular-mass substances (approximately 1,000 Da) in the extract, termed the TPT-degrading factor. The other fluorescent pseudomonads,P. chlororaphis ATCC 9446, Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 13525, and Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 15692, also showed TPT degradation activity similar to strain CNR15 in the solid-phase extracts of their culture supernatants. These results suggest that the extracellular low-molecular-mass substance that is universally produced by the fluorescent pseudomonad could function as a potent catalyst to cometabolite TPT in the environment.
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Clark, Linda L., Joseph J. Dajcs, Celeste H. McLean, John G. Bartell, and David W. Stroman. "Pseudomonas otitidis sp. nov., isolated from patients with otic infections." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 709–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63753-0.
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A novel Pseudomonas species, for which the name Pseudomonas otitidis sp. nov. is proposed, was identified from clinical specimens of infected human ears. Forty-one pseudomonads (34 from patients with acute otitis externa, six from patients with acute otitis media with otorrhoea and one from a patient with chronic suppurative otitis media) were recovered that did not match any known species. On the basis of genetic analyses and biochemical characterization, these isolates were shown to belong to the genus Pseudomonas. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and DNA–DNA hybridization studies indicated that this novel bacterium is closely related to, but different from, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A description of this species is based on polyphasic studies of 11 clinical isolates. The type strain of Pseudomonas otitidis is MCC10330T (=ATCC BAA-1130T=DSM 17224T).
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Martusevich, Andrew K., Ivan V. Bocharin, Elena A. Kochkurova, and Natalia A. Ronzhina. "INFLUENCE OF DISINFECTANT ON CRYSTALLOGENIC ACTIVITY OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA IN VITRO." Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture 13, no. 5 (October 29, 2021): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-6649-2021-13-5-191-204.
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The purpose of this work was to clarify the crystallogenic properties of pseudomonads under the action of an antiseptic.
 Material and methods. The material for the study was 8 strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from patients of the burn Department. In accordance with the purpose and objectives of the study, the work was performed in 3 stages: assessment of the biological properties of isolated pseudomonad strains; determination of sensitivity to disinfectants by the square method; assessment of the crystallogenic (initiating) activity of pseudomonads in individual and joint form with the disinfectant. The tested antiseptic was “Desam” in the form of a standard 1% solution used for disinfection of surfaces and medical instruments.
 Results. It was found that all the studied Pseudomonas strains have the ability to activate the crystallogenesis of the basic substance (0.9% sodium chloride solution), which manifests itself both in qualitative and quantitative changes in the thesigraphic picture. It is shown that the addition of a common disinfectant (“Desam”) to the system “Pseudomonas aeruginosa – 0.9% sodium chloride solution” significantly transforms its dehydration structuring. At the same time, strains of the microorganism resistant to disinfectants moderately reduce the crystal’s gene activity (according to the main teziographic coefficient and belt coefficient). On the contrary, sensitive strains demonstrate a pronounced inhibition of the crystallogenesis of the basic substance. It allows to develop a new express method for determining the sensitivity of microorganisms to disinfectants.
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Outryve, M. F. Van, F. Gosselé, K. Kersters, and J. Swings. "The composition of the rhizosphere of chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. foliosum Hegi)." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 34, no. 11 (November 1, 1988): 1203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m88-211.
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The bacterial composition of the chicory rhizosphere (Cichorium intybus L. var. foliosum Hegi) was examined at four different growth stages in the field and also after 1 month storage of the roots. Based on protein fingerprints (SDS – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of total cell proteins) 233 isolates were grouped into 117 different groups. Forty percent of the isolates belonged to one of three groups: CH001, CH002, or CH213. Fingerprint type CH001 and CH002 were comprised of fluorescent pseudomonads. Fingerprint type CH213 was identified as Alcaligenes paradoxus. Fingerprint type CH213 strains, normally isolated early in the growing season, were inhibited in vitro by fingerprint type CH001 strains which appeared later in the growing season. Gram-negative isolates were predominant among the remaining fingerprint types: Pseudomonas paucimobilis, Xanthomonas maltophilia, Agrobacterium radiobacter, and Flavobacterium spp. A few Gram-positive isolates were found at the beginning of the growing season, i.e., Bacillus spp. and Streptomyces spp. The production of antifungal compounds was restricted to the 11 isolates among which were fluorescent Pseudomonas and Bacillus spp. Twenty-four fluorescent pseudomonad isolates from the rhizosphere were pathogenic on chicory leaves.
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Obukhova, Olga V., and Lubov V. Lartseva. "Halotolerance of pseudomonads isolated from aquatic environment and fish (Sander lucioperca) in the Volga River delta." Hygiene and sanitation 100, no. 3 (April 16, 2021): 204–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-3-204-207.
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Introduction. The material shows halophiles bacteria R. Psendomonas the water’s microbiota and the pikeperch in spring and autumn. The attachment of Pseudomonas isolated from these habitats, certain Delta areas has not been identified. Materials and methods. 190 “water” strains and 720 ones isolated from fish were experimentally tested. In meat-peptone broth (MPB) with 3.0, 7.0, and 10.0% NaCl content, daily cultures of analyzed bacteria were sown, incubation of which was carried out at 37 0 C, and the results were taken into account after 24 and 48 hours. Results. There were no significant differences in halophilicity in the analyzed strains, except for the autumn season, especially in 10.0% salt solution. Among the isolated pseudomonads, the maximum halotolerance in both biotopes was observed in P. fluorescens and P. alcaligenes in P. putida. Halophiles strains of Pseudomonas that infect the water and fish had seasonal cycles. A slight decrease in the halophilicity of pseudomonades persistent in water and fish only at concentrations of 3.0 and 10.0 mg/l from spring to summer (1.1-1.2 times), and their significant rise in autumn (1.5 and 1.4 times) in the salt concentration of 3.0 mg/l. In the tested strains in spring and autumn, increased salt tolerance values were noted, which was determined by the hydrological and hydrochemical features of Delta waters and the “transfer” of bacteria in the body of walleye during its migration from the sea to the river. Conclusion. Analysis of long-term material showed high halophiles studied strains of pseudomonad, indicating that their sanitary and epidemiologic danger, and the ability to remain viable in salted fish products
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Brown, Gerry, Zeayen Khan, and Ran Lifshitz. "Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: strain identification by restriction fragment length polymorphisms." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 36, no. 4 (April 1, 1990): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m90-042.
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A genomic library of the Pseudomonas putida strain GR12-2 was screened to identify both genus-universal and strain-specific 8-kilobase inserts. The genus-universal clone (pAM141), in combination with the restriction enzymes EcoRI, PstI, and PvuII, was used to generate unique restriction fragment length polymorphisms for 20 related plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and seven reference strains. Strain restriction fragment length polymorphism profiles based on the genus-universal clone pAM141 allow positive identification of individual pseudomonad strains. The strain-specific clone (pAM227) clearly distinguished the parent strain (GR12-2) from 16 other pseudomonad strains, including 8 P. putida, 7 P. fluorescens, and 1 P. cepacia. pAM227 may be useful for monitoring the fate of the P. putida strain GR12-2 in the environment. Key words: pseudomonads, rhizobacteria, restriction fragment length polymorphism, strain identification.
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Grgurina, Ingeborg, Mekki Bensaci, Gabriella Pocsfalvi, Luisa Mannina, Oscar Cruciani, Alberto Fiore, Vincenzo Fogliano, Kevin N. Sorensen, and Jon Y. Takemoto. "Novel Cyclic Lipodepsipeptide from Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans Strain 508 and Syringopeptin Antimicrobial Activities." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49, no. 12 (December 2005): 5037–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.49.12.5037-5045.2005.
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ABSTRACT The syringopeptins are a group of antimicrobial cyclic lipodepsipeptides produced by several plant-associated pseudomonads. A novel syringopeptin, SP508, was shown to be produced as two homologs (A and B) by Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans strain 508 from apple and to structurally resemble syringopeptin SP22. SP508 differed from SP22 and other syringopeptins by having three instead of four α,β-unsaturated amino acids and a longer β-hydroxy acyl chain. Both SP508 and SP22 displayed growth-inhibitory activities against Mycobacterium smegmatis, other gram-positive bacteria, and yeasts but not against gram-negative bacteria. Structure-activity analyses of the SP508 and SP22 homologs indicated chemical structural features that lead to enhanced antimycobacterial activity by these pseudomonad cyclic lipodepsipeptides.
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Behrendt, Undine, Andreas Ulrich, and Peter Schumann. "Fluorescent pseudomonads associated with the phyllosphere of grasses; Pseudomonas trivialis sp. nov., Pseudomonas poae sp. nov. and Pseudomonas congelans sp. nov." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53, no. 5 (September 1, 2003): 1461–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02567-0.
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Rezzonico, Fabio, Geneviève Défago, and Yvan Moënne-Loccoz. "Comparison of ATPase-Encoding Type III Secretion System hrcN Genes in Biocontrol Fluorescent Pseudomonads and in Phytopathogenic Proteobacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 9 (September 2004): 5119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.9.5119-5131.2004.
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ABSTRACT Type III protein secretion systems play a key role in the virulence of many pathogenic proteobacteria, but they also occur in nonpathogenic, plant-associated bacteria. Certain type III protein secretion genes (e.g., hrcC) have been found in Pseudomonas sp. strain SBW25 (and other biocontrol pseudomonads), but other type III protein secretion genes, such as the ATPase-encoding gene hrcN, have not been found. Using both colony hybridization and a PCR approach, we show here that hrcN is nevertheless present in many biocontrol fluorescent pseudomonads. The phylogeny of biocontrol Pseudomonas strains based on partial hrcN sequences was largely congruent with the phylogenies derived from analyses of rrs (encoding 16S rRNA) and, to a lesser extent, biocontrol genes, such as phlD (for 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol production) and hcnBC (for HCN production). Most biocontrol pseudomonads clustered separately from phytopathogenic proteobacteria, including pathogenic pseudomonads, in the hrcN tree. The exception was strain KD, which clustered with phytopathogenic pseudomonads, such as Pseudomonas syringae, suggesting that hrcN was acquired from the latter species. Indeed, strain KD (unlike strain SBW25) displayed the same organization of the hrpJ operon, which contains hrcN, as P. syringae. These results indicate that the occurrence of hrcN in most biocontrol pseudomonads is not the result of recent horizontal gene transfer from phytopathogenic bacteria, although such transfer might have occurred for a minority of biocontrol strains.
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Bophela, Khumbuzile N., Yolanda Petersen, Carolee T. Bull, and Teresa A. Coutinho. "Identification of Pseudomonas Isolates Associated With Bacterial Canker of Stone Fruit Trees in the Western Cape, South Africa." Plant Disease 104, no. 3 (March 2020): 882–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-19-1102-re.
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Bacterial canker is a common bacterial disease of stone fruit trees. The causal agents responsible for the disease include several pathovars in Pseudomonas syringae sensu lato and newly described Pseudomonas species. Pseudomonad strains were isolated from symptomatic stone fruit trees, namely apricot, peach, and plum trees cultivated in spatially separated orchards in the Western Cape. A polyphasic approach was used to identify and characterize these strains. Using a multilocus sequence typing approach of four housekeeping loci, namely cts, gapA, gyrB, and rpoD, the pseudomonad strains were delineated into two phylogenetic groups within P. syringae sensu lato: P. syringae sensu stricto and Pseudomonas viridiflava. These results were further supported by LOPAT diagnostic assays and analysis of clades in the rep-PCR dendrogram. The pseudomonad strains were pathogenic on both apricot and plum seedlings, indicative of a lack of host specificity between Pseudomonas strains infecting Prunus spp. This is a first report of P. viridiflava isolated from plum trees showing symptoms of bacterial canker. P. viridiflava is considered to be an opportunistic pathogen that causes foliar diseases of vegetable crops, fruit trees, and aromatic herbs, and thus the isolation of pathogenic P. viridiflava from twigs of plum trees showing symptoms of bacterial canker suggests that this bacterial species is a potentially emerging stem canker pathogen of stone fruit trees in South Africa.
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Baltrus, David A., Kevin Dougherty, Beatriz Diaz, and Rachel Murillo. "Evolutionary Plasticity of AmrZ Regulation in Pseudomonas." mSphere 3, no. 2 (April 18, 2018): e00132-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00132-18.
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ABSTRACT amrZ encodes a master regulator protein conserved across pseudomonads, which can be either a positive or negative regulator of swimming motility depending on the species examined. To better understand plasticity in the regulatory function of AmrZ, we characterized the mode of regulation for this protein for two different motility-related phenotypes in Pseudomonas stutzeri. As in Pseudomonas syringae, AmrZ functions as a positive regulator of swimming motility within P. stutzeri, which suggests that the functions of this protein with regard to swimming motility have switched at least twice across pseudomonads. Shifts in mode of regulation cannot be explained by changes in AmrZ sequence alone. We further show that AmrZ acts as a positive regulator of colony spreading within this strain and that this regulation is at least partially independent of swimming motility. Closer investigation of mechanistic shifts in dual-function regulators like AmrZ could provide unique insights into how transcriptional pathways are rewired between closely related species. IMPORTANCE Microbes often display finely tuned patterns of gene regulation across different environments, with major regulatory changes controlled by a small group of “master” regulators within each cell. AmrZ is a master regulator of gene expression across pseudomonads and can be either a positive or negative regulator for a variety of pathways depending on the strain and genomic context. Here, we demonstrate that the phenotypic outcomes of regulation of swimming motility by AmrZ have switched at least twice independently in pseudomonads, so that AmrZ promotes increased swimming motility in P. stutzeri and P. syringae but represses this phenotype in Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Since examples of switches in regulatory mode are relatively rare, further investigation into the mechanisms underlying shifts in regulator function for AmrZ could provide unique insights into the evolution of bacterial regulatory proteins.
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Besedin, O. M., S. O. Kosulnikov, L. M. Storubel, S. I. Karpenko, S. O. Tarnopolsky, K. V. Kravchenko, A. S. Kudryavtsev, K. O. Sinitsa, G. M. Pundik, and L. I. Karpenko. "Infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in patients of Surgical Infections Department." Modern medical technologies 41 part 1, no. 2 (April 6, 2019): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.34287/mmt.2(41).2019.11.
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The role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates among the pathogens of surgical infection in purulent-septic surgery department for 2018 is determined. Investigated the antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa hospital strains and the most effective antibiotics were investigated. Poly resistant in wound material were almost half of the cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19 strains, 45,2%). Carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be 47,1%. Of the aminoglycoside group antibiotics, Tobramycin (82,1%) showed the best sensitivity, Amikacin was sensitive in half of the microorganisms tested (55,0%). The sensitivity of cephalosporins ranged from 23,1% (Cefoperazone) to 40,5% (Ceftazidime). Even the use of the Sulbactam protective molecule did not improve the situation: 37,5% (Cefoperazone/ Sulbactam). For fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin) sensitive third part of bacteria only. Piperacillin with Tazobactam, Fosfomycin, and Colistin E showed a high anti-pseudomonad efficacy. The use of anti-diarrhea bacteriophage was ineffective. Keywords: hospital strains, antibiotic resistance, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Mulet, Magdalena, María José Martínez, Margarita Gomila, Johanna Dabernig-Heinz, Gabriel E. Wagner, Clemens Kittinger, Gernot Zarfel, Jorge Lalucat, and Elena García-Valdés. "Genome-Based Species Diversity Assessment in the Pseudomonas chlororaphis Phylogenetic Subgroup and Proposal of Pseudomonas danubii sp. nov. Isolated from Freshwaters, Soil, and Rhizosphere." Diversity 15, no. 5 (May 2, 2023): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15050617.
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The Pseudomonas chlororaphis phylogenetic subgroup of species, within the Pseudomonas fluorescens group, currently includes seven bacterial species, all of which have environmental relevance. Phylogenomic analyses help clarify the taxonomy of strains in the group and allow for precise identification. Thirteen antibiotic-resistant strains isolated in a previous study from nine different sampling sites in the Danube River were suspected to represent a novel species and are investigated taxonomically in the present study, together with four other strains isolated from the Woluwe River (Belgium) that were phylogenetically closely related in their rpoD gene sequences. The strains were characterized phenotypically, chemotaxonomically (fatty acid composition and main protein profiles), and phylogenetically. They could not be assigned to any known Pseudomonas species. Three genomes of representative strains were sequenced and analyzed in the context of the genome sequences of closely related strains available in public databases. The phylogenomic analysis demonstrates the need to differentiate new genomic species within the P. chlororaphis subgroup and that Pseudomonas piscis and Pseudomonas aestus are synonyms. This taxonomic study demonstrates that 14 of the characterized isolates are members of the Pseudomonas_E protegens_A species in the GTDB taxonomy and that they represent a novel species in the genus Pseudomonas, for which we propose the name Pseudomonas danubii sp. nov. with strain JDS02PS016T (=CECT 30214T = CCUG 74756T) as the type strain. The other three strains (JDS08PS003, rDWA16, and rDWA64) are members of the species Pseudomonas_E protegens_B in the GTDB taxonomy and need further investigation for proposal as a new bacterial species.
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FREEDMAN, DANIEL J., JEFFERY K. KONDO, and DOUGLAS L. WILLRETT. "Antagonism of Foodborne Bacteria by Pseudomonas spp.: A Possible Role for Iron1." Journal of Food Protection 52, no. 7 (July 1, 1989): 484–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-52.7.484.
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Antagonistic action of Pseudomonas spp. against foodborne spoilage and pathogenic bacteria was studied to determine mechanisms involved in the establishment of dominance by these organisms in food systems. Thirteen Pseudomonas strains from plant and food origin were tested for the ability to inhibit other Pseudomonas spp. on brain heart infusion agar using a bacteriocin screening assay. P. aeruginosa AA was the most active, inhibiting P. phaseolicola, P. pisi, P. putida, P. fluorescens, and P. fragi strains. When testing for antagonism against non-pseudomonads, four Pseudomonas spp. showed wide spectrum activity against a variety of gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Growth of most Pseudomonas spp. on an iron-deficient medium increased antagonism. In assays conducted in liquid media, inhibitory activity varied greatly as a result of the composition of the media. A minimal media extract from a P. aeruginosa AA culture significantly inhibited the growth of P. fluorescens and Staphylococcus aureus in milk.
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Nagori, Yusuf, Darshan Chandakb, Sunil Dube, and Vatsal B. "Pseudomonas septicaemia: in a case of pancytopenia." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 2 (January 23, 2017): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20170180.
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Pseudomonal infection is a rare condition with multiple systemic complications. A new condition of interest is ecthyma gangrenosum in a patient with pseudomonas septicaemia with pancytopenia and megaloblastic anaemia. So here we present you the case of Ecthyma gangrenosum in a 20-year-old female with pseudomonas septicaemia due to pancytopenia. A high degree of clinical suspicion is required, but a tissue sample is ultimately necessary for definitive diagnosis.
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Meyer, Jean-Marie, Christelle Gruffaz, Topi Tulkki, and Daniel Izard. "Taxonomic heterogeneity, as shown by siderotyping, of strains primarily identified as Pseudomonas putida." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 57, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 2543–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.65233-0.
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One hundred and forty-four fluorescent pseudomonad strains isolated from various environments (soil, water, plant rhizosphere, hospital) and received as Pseudomonas putida (83 strains), P. putida biovar A (49 strains), P. putida biovar B (10 strains) and P. putida biovar C (2 strains), were analysed by the pyoverdine-isoelectrofocusing and pyoverdine-mediated iron uptake methods of siderotyping. Both methods demonstrated a great diversity among these strains, which could be subdivided into 35 siderovars. Some siderovars specifically included strains that have subsequently been transferred to well-defined Pseudomonas species, e.g. Pseudomonas monteilii or Pseudomonas mosselii, or which could be related by their siderotype to Pseudomonas jessenii or Pseudomonas mandelii. Other siderovars included strains sharing a high level of DNA-DNA relatedness (>70 %), thus demonstrating that siderotyping could easily circumscribe strains at the species level. However, a group of seven strains, including the type strain, P. putida ATCC 12633T, were allocated into four siderovars, despite sharing DNA–DNA relatedness values of higher than 70 %. Interestingly, the strong genomic relationships between these seven strains were supported by the structural relationships among their pyoverdines, thus reflecting their phylogenetic affinities. These results strongly support the view that pyoverdine-based siderotyping could be used as a powerful tool in Pseudomonas taxonomy.
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MARSHALL, DOUGLAS L., and RONALD H. SCHMIDT. "Growth of Listeria monocytogenes at 10°C in Milk Preincubated with Selected Pseudomonads1." Journal of Food Protection 51, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-51.4.277.
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Preliminary studies involving co-inoculation of Listeria monocytogenes with Pseudomonas fragi into whole or skim milk demonstrated that neither inhibition nor stimulation of growth occurred for either organism. Additional investigations involved preincubation of whole milk, skim milk, and 10% reconstituted nonfat dry milk (NDM) for 3 d at 10°C with P. fragi, Pseudomonas fluorescens P26, P. fluorescens T25, or P. fluorescens B52, followed by inoculation with L. monocytogenes and further incubation at 10°C. Growth curves of L. monocytogenes were constructed for each treatment combination and generation times were statistically compared for differences. Results indicated that L. monocytogenes did not affect growth or survival of the preincubated Pseudomonas spp. However, growth rates of L. monocytogenes were significantly (P&lt;0.05) enhanced in milks preincubated with pseudomonads. Doubling times of L. monocytogenes were reduced by up to 3 h when grown in milk preincubated with Pseudomonas spp. Three strains of P. fluorescens showed more stimulation of the growth rate of L. monocytogenes compared to P. fragi in preincubated whole or skim milk but not in preincubated NDM. Milk composition had little effect on growth of either genus when incubated alone. Results of this study indicate that L. monocytogenes can grow in the presence of Pseudomonas spp. either as a co-inoculant or following preincubation in milk at 10°C. Furthermore, data suggest that the presence of the pseudomonads may enhance growth of L. monocytogenes in milk.
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Miranda Ayala, Marcela Alexandra, and Elsa Noralma Lucas Parrales. "Prevalencia de Pseudomonas Aeruginosa productora de Carbapenemasa en pacientes de cuidados intensivos en hospitales de Latinoamérica." Revista Científica Arbitrada Multidisciplinaria PENTACIENCIAS 5, no. 3 (March 9, 2023): 343–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.59169/pentaciencias.v5i3.546.
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa es un patógeno nosocomial causante de múltiples infecciones y actualmente presenta bastante resistencia a diferentes antibióticos carbapenémicos. Objetivo: Establecer la prevalencia de Pseudomonas aeruginosa productora de Carbapenemasa en pacientes de Cuidados Intensivos en hospitales de Latinoamérica. Metodología: El diseño de la investigación fue cualitativo, revisión sistemática, utilizando bases de datos científicas como Cochrane, PubMed, Medigraphic, Redalyc, Scielo y Google académico y revistas científicas como Elsevier desde el año 2017-2022 en idioma inglés y español, para la búsqueda de información se hizo uso de palabras claves y los operadores booleanos como AND, OR y NOT: (Pseudomona aeruginosa) AND (prevalencia Latinoamérica); (Pseudomona aeruginosa) undefined (mecanismo de resistencia) (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) AND (tipo de infecciones). Los artículos incluidos cumplieron criterios de inclusión. Resultados: La prevalencia fue 7,76% en Paraguay, México 7,9% y Colombia 38.8 %. El mecanismo de resistencia más frecuente en Perú, Colombia y Chile fue Carbapenemasa tipo MBL y KPC y en relación del tipo de infección, las más frecuentes fueron bacteriemia y neumonía en México, Colombia y Brasil. Conclusiones: Pseudomonas aeruginosa es una de las bacterias más frecuentemente aisladas en pacientes de unidades de cuidados intensivos en diferentes países de Latinoamérica, presentan multirresistencia a los antibióticos carbapenémicos, causados por diferentes mecanismos de resistencia como carbapenemasas tipo MBL y KPC y los tipos de infección más comunes son bacteriemia y neumonía todo esto ocasiona un mayor tiempo de hospitalización de los pacientes por lo tanto alto costo en el tratamiento.
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Simon, Max A., Chayanid Ongpipattanakul, Satish K. Nair, and Wilfred A. van der Donk. "Biosynthesis of fosfomycin in pseudomonads reveals an unexpected enzymatic activity in the metallohydrolase superfamily." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 23 (June 1, 2021): e2019863118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2019863118.
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The epoxide-containing phosphonate natural product fosfomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used in the treatment of cystitis. Fosfomycin is produced by both the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae and soil-dwelling streptomycetes. While the streptomycete pathway has recently been fully elucidated, the pseudomonad pathway is still mostly elusive. Through a systematic evaluation of heterologous expression of putative biosynthetic enzymes, we identified the central enzyme responsible for completing the biosynthetic pathway in pseudomonads. The missing transformation involves the oxidative decarboxylation of the intermediate 2-phosphonomethylmalate to a new intermediate, 3-oxo-4-phosphonobutanoate, by PsfC. Crystallographic studies reveal that PsfC unexpectedly belongs to a new class of diiron metalloenzymes that are part of the polymerase and histidinol phosphatase superfamily.
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Nigam, Rashmi, A. K. Sharma, and Joginder Singh. "Screening of Pseudomonas sp. isolated from rhizosphere of pea plant as plant growth promoter and biocontrol agent." International Journal of Agricultural Invention 1, no. 02 (December 31, 2016): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2016.1.2.3.
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Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a heterogeneous group of bacteria that are found in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane which can improve plant growth. Pseudomonas spp. is one of the most promising groups of PGPR which can control plant pathogenic microbes in the soil. In this study, an attempt was made to isolate Pseudomonas spp., a potent PGPR in the rhizosphere. Through appropriate microbiological and biochemical methods, the study demonstrated the presence of fluorescent and nonfluorescent Pseudomonads in the rhizosphere of pea. 12 different strains of Pseudomonas were isolated from pea rhizosphere and identified by biochemical tests. Out of these strains five were screened against wilt and root rot pathogens of pea. Antagonistic activity of Pseudomonas isolates were evaluated against wilt and root rots pathogens i.e. Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum through dual culture technique. The study exhibited that all Pseudomonas strains significantly inhibited the growth of Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum as compared to control. Among all the Pseudomonas isolates Ps5 showed maximum inhibition against Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum. Augmentation of such PGPR will ensure a healthy micro climate for pea.
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Gopal, Surendra, Reshma Francis, and A. K. Sreelatha. "Impact of soil temperature, pH and carbon dioxide on the population and efficiency of fluorescent pseudomonad in the rhizosphere soil of Pokkali rice." Environment Conservation Journal 24, no. 1 (January 8, 2023): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.10262239.
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The present study was aimed at the evaluation of soil temperature, pH and carbon dioxide evolution on the number and efficiency of fluorescent pseudomonads around the root system of Pokkali rice at Vytilla in Ernakulam district of Kerala. Two plots (40 m2) comprising control (without application of Pseudomonas fluorescens) and P. fluorescens treated plants were used for the field experiment. The isolates of fluorescent Pseudomonads or Pseudomonas fluorescence were counted and their efficiency was assessed for IAA, ammonia, HCN and siderophore production. Simultaneously, soil temperature, pH, and carbon dioxide evolution were also recorded. A total of 6 fluorescent pseudomonads (VPJU, VPJL, VPAU1, VPAU2, VPAU3 and VPAU4) were found during the crop period. All the isolates produced IAA and ammonia with varying degrees of intensity. Three isolates (VPAU1, VPAU3 and VPAU4) produced HCN, and no microbial isolates produced siderophore. The effect of soil temperature, pH, EC and carbon dioxide evolution was correlated with the number of fluorescent pseudomonads in the soil. The bacteria were significantly afflicted by pH and EC, whereas soil temperature and CO2 evolution did not show any effect on the number of fluorescent pseudomonads. There was no significant influence of soil temperature, pH, EC and carbon dioxide evolution on indole acetic acid production, ammonia, and HCN production. Inoculated Pseudomonas fluorescence did not survive in Pokkali rice fields. However, further studies are needed for at least three seasons in Pokkali soils to confirm the results of the present study.
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Bozal, Núria, M. Jesús Montes, and Elena Mercadé. "Pseudomonas guineae sp. nov., a novel psychrotolerant bacterium from an Antarctic environment." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 57, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 2609–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.65141-0.
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Two Gram-negative, cold-adapted, aerobic bacteria, designated strains M8T and M6, were isolated from soil collected from the South Shetland Islands. The organisms were rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive and motile by means of polar flagella. These two psychrotolerant strains grew between −4 and 30 °C. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed strains M8T and M6 within the genus Pseudomonas. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments between the Antarctic isolate M8T and type strains of phylogenetically related species, namely Pseudomonas peli and Pseudomonas anguilliseptica, revealed levels of relatedness of 33 and 37 %, respectively. Strain M6 showed 99 % DNA similarity to strain M8T. Several phenotypic characteristics, together with data on cellular fatty acid composition, served to differentiate strains M8T and M6 from related pseudomonads. On the basis of the polyphasic taxonomic evidence presented in this study, it can be concluded that strains M8T and M6 belong to the same genospecies, representing a novel species of the genus Pseudomonas, for which the name Pseudomonas guineae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M8T (=LMG 24016T=CECT 7231T).
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Sazinas, Pavelas, Morten Lindqvist Hansen, May Iren Aune, Marie Højmark Fischer, and Lars Jelsbak. "A Rare Thioquinolobactin Siderophore Present in a Bioactive Pseudomonas sp. DTU12.1." Genome Biology and Evolution 11, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 3529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz267.
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Abstract Many of the soil-dwelling Pseudomonas species are known to produce secondary metabolite compounds, which can have antagonistic activity against other microorganisms, including important plant pathogens. It is thus of importance to isolate new strains of Pseudomonas and discover novel or rare gene clusters encoding bioactive products. In an effort to accomplish this, we have isolated a bioactive Pseudomonas strain DTU12.1 from leaf-covered soil in Denmark. Following genome sequencing with Illumina and Oxford Nanopore technologies, we generated a complete genome sequence with the length of 5,943,629 base pairs. The DTU12.1 strain contained a complete gene cluster for a rare thioquinolobactin siderophore, which was previously described as possessing bioactivity against oomycetes and several fungal species. We placed the DTU12.1 strain within Pseudomonas gessardii subgroup of fluorescent pseudomonads, where it formed a distinct clade with other Pseudomonas strains, most of which also contained a complete thioquinolobactin gene cluster. Only two other Pseudomonas strains were found to contain the gene cluster, though they were present in a different phylogenetic clade and were missing a transcriptional regulator of the whole cluster. We show that having the complete genome sequence and establishing phylogenetic relationships with other strains can enable us to start evaluating the distribution and evolutionary origins of secondary metabolite clusters.
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Castignetti, Domenic. "Probing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Pseudomonas aureofaciens , Burkholderia ( Pseudomonas ) cepacia , Pseudomonas fluorescens , and Pseudomonas putida with the Ferripyochelin Receptor A Gene and the Synthesis of Pyochelin in Pseudomonas aureofaciens , Pseudomonas fluorescens , and Pseudomonas putida." Current Microbiology 34, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): 250–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002849900178.
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Norris, Sandra M. "Penicillins With Antipseudomonal Activity." Infection Control 6, no. 4 (April 1985): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700062986.
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The escalating role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a nosocomial pathogen, the relatively high mortality rate associated with pseudomonal infections, the intrinsic antibiotic resistance of this versatile, ubiquitous organism, and the growing number of reports of multiple antibiotic resistance developing during therapy of Pseudomonas infections prompt a review of currently available penicillins with antipseudomonal activity. Ticarcillin, piperacillin, mezlocillin and azlocillin have upstaged carbenicillin, the first antipseudomonal, β-lactam agent clinically used, with other products “in the wings.”
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Norat, Carlos Eduardo Tavares, Luiz Gustavo Pragana, Lizeth Yuliana Acevedo Jaramillo, Rafael de Almeida Travassos, and Ulrich Vasconcelos. "Hydrocarbonoclastic activity in bacterial biofilms: A systematic study emphasizing pseudomonads." Conjecturas 22, no. 12 (September 5, 2022): 548–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/conj-1568-2d01.
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous fluorescent, rod-shaped pseudomonad, with a high metabolic capacity, and potential for application in processes to remove recalcitrant compounds such as petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC) from the environment. The bacterium persists in sites with highly selective pressures such as those contaminated by PHC. One of the bacterium's strategies is to colonize biofilms which enhance its protection from toxic compounds and favor oil uptake. It is the most prevalent microbe at sites impacted by PHC owing to the use of aliphatic hydrocarbons to form biofilms and other metabolites crucial for the uptake and degradation of crude oil. P. aeruginosa could be useful in biofilm-mediated bioremediation; however, it has been poorly explored in the last ten years. This systematic study addresses recent research on the application of P. aeruginosa/pseudomonads biofilms in bioremediation The studies come from Asia and Africa and emphasized the formation of biofilm by P. aeruginosa and other pseudomonads as crucial elements in the detoxification process of the environment.
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Rivilla, Rafael, and Jacob G. Malone. "Plant-Associated Pseudomonads." Microorganisms 11, no. 5 (May 6, 2023): 1216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11051216.
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Bacteria belonging to the genus Pseudomonas (the pseudomonads) are a group of Gammaproteobacteria that are characterized by a high metabolic versatility and adaption to different ecological niches [...]
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Ikram, Sadia, Saima Inam, Saba Shamim, Syed Zeeshan Haider, Muhammad Atif Qureshi, and Asma Inam. "Emerging Patterns in Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Pseudomonas SPP- Hospital Based Study." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): 129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023172129.
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Background: There is an emerging trend of pseudomonas infections in immune-compromised patients, specifically in hospital settings. The flagship member of this family is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is a major infectious agent. This study assessed the distribution and susceptibility patterns of Pseudomonas species isolated from various specimens as a part of surveillance program, in order to devise antibiograms. Aim: To determine frequency & antimicrobial sensitivities of Pseudomonas species in a tertiary care hospital from Lahore. Study design: Retrospective, descriptive, cross sectional study Place & duration of study: Conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, from January 2021 to January 2022. Methods: Thirty two isolates of Pseudomonas species from different clinical specimens were isolated in microbiology section of a tertiary care hospital during a period of 13 months. MacConkey and blood agar were utilized for culturing of organisms. Gram staining, oxidase, and catalase testwere utilized for phenotypic characterization. Antibiotic susceptibility testing against anti-pseudomonal drugs was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (CLSI) 2021. Results: The inference drawn at the end of study was that, out of thirty two isolates of Pseudomonas species received and pus was the most common specimen (46.8%), followed by 18.75% from urine specimens. 62.5% of the pseudomonas species were obtained from male patients. The most affected age group was 40-60 years, followed by 1-20 years. The most sensitive options turned out to be Imipenem (65.6%) and Pipericillintazobactam (62.5%), followed by 59.3% sensitivity in Amikacin. The least sensitive options in the study isolates were Aztreonam (15.6%) and Ticarcillin clavulanic acid (25%). In 18% of pseudomonas species isolated from urine cultures, fosfomycin was 83.3%, whereas nitrofurantoin turned out to be 50% sensitive. Conclusions: The steadily rising resistance in Pseudomonas species againstavailable antibiotics optionsnecessitates their use inlife-threatening and hospital acquiredinfections. Keywords: Peudomonas, Flouroquinolones, Carbapenem
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Swingle, Bryan, Zhongmeng Bao, Eric Markel, Alan Chambers, and Samuel Cartinhour. "Recombineering Using RecTE from Pseudomonas syringae." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 15 (June 11, 2010): 4960–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00911-10.
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ABSTRACT In this report, we describe the identification of functions that promote genomic recombination of linear DNA introduced into Pseudomonas cells by electroporation. The genes encoding these functions were identified in Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a based on similarity to the lambda Red Exo/Beta and RecET proteins encoded by the lambda and Rac bacteriophages of Escherichia coli. The ability of the pseudomonad-encoded proteins to promote recombination was tested in P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 using a quantitative assay based on recombination frequency. The results show that the Pseudomonas RecT homolog is sufficient to promote recombination of single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides and that efficient recombination of double-stranded DNA requires the expression of both the RecT and RecE homologs. Additionally, we illustrate the utility of this recombineering system to make targeted gene disruptions in the P. syringae chromosome.