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Journal articles on the topic 'Pseudotype'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Chan, Eva, Gabrielle Heilek-Snyder, Nick Cammack, Surya Sankuratri, and Changhua Ji. "Development of a Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus-Based Pseudotype Anti-HIV Assay Suitable for Accurate and Rapid Evaluation of HIV Entry Inhibitors." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 11, no. 6 (2006): 652–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057106288881.

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There has been increasing interest in the identification of novel HIV entry inhibitors. For the discovery of these entry inhibitors, robust surrogate anti-HIV assays are highly desired. The authors report a novel anti-HIV assay system using Moloney murine leukemia viruses (MMLVs) pseudotyped with cytoplasmic tail-truncated HIV envelope protein gp140. These pseudotyped MMLV-HIVgp140 viral particles carry luciferase transcripts; therefore, robust luciferase signal can be detected in cells infected by these pseudotypes. Polycationic agent polybrene and spinoculation markedly enhanced the infectio

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2

Bruett, Linda, and Janice E. Clements. "Functional Murine Leukemia Virus Vectors Pseudotyped with the Visna Virus Envelope Show Expanded Visna Virus Cell Tropism." Journal of Virology 75, no. 23 (2001): 11464–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.23.11464-11473.2001.

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ABSTRACT Pseudotype virus vectors serve as a powerful tool for the study of virus receptor usage and entry. We describe the development of murine leukemia virus (MuLV) particles pseudotyped with the visna virus envelope glycoprotein and encoding a green fluorescent protein reporter as a tool to study the expression of the visna virus receptor. Functional MuLV/visna virus pseudotypes were obtained when the cytoplasmic tail of the visna virus envelope TM protein was truncated to 3, 7, or 11 amino acids in length. MuLV/visna virus particles were used to transduce a panel of cell types from variou

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3

Poluri, Ananthalakshmi, Rebecca Ainsworth, Scott C. Weaver, and Richard E. Sutton. "Functional Pseudotyping of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vectors by Western Equine Encephalitis Virus Envelope Glycoprotein." Journal of Virology 82, no. 24 (2008): 12580–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01503-08.

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ABSTRACT We investigated the ability of western equine encephalitis virus envelope glycoproteins (WEEV GP) to pseudotype lentiviral vectors. The titers of WEEV GP-pseudotyped human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) ranged as high as 8.0 × 104 IU/ml on permissive cells. Sera from WEEV-infected mice specifically neutralized these pseudotypes; cell transduction was also sensitive to changes in pH. The host range of the pseudotyped particles in vitro was somewhat limited, which is atypical for most alphaviruses. HIV vectors pseudotyped by WEEV GP may be a useful tool for characterizing WEEV cell

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4

Codran, Audrey, Cathy Royer, Daniel Jaeck, et al. "Entry of hepatitis C virus pseudotypes into primary human hepatocytes by clathrin-dependent endocytosis." Journal of General Virology 87, no. 9 (2006): 2583–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81710-0.

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic hepatitis worldwide. Studies of the early steps of HCV infection have been hampered by the lack of convenient in vitro or in vivo models. Although several cell-surface molecules that mediate the binding of HCV envelope proteins to target cells have been identified, mechanisms of viral entry into human hepatocytes are still poorly understood. Vesicular stomatitis virus/HCV pseudotyped viruses expressing the HCV envelope glycoproteins on the viral envelope were generated and it was found that their entry into human hepatocytes required co-expre

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5

Kretschmer, Maibritt, Patrycja Kadlubowska, Daniel Hoffmann, Birco Schwalbe, Heidi Auerswald, and Michael Schreiber. "Zikavirus prME Envelope Pseudotyped Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 as a Novel Tool for Glioblastoma-Directed Virotherapy." Cancers 12, no. 4 (2020): 1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12041000.

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Glioblastoma multiforme is the most lethal type of brain tumor that is not yet curable owing to its frequent resurgence after surgery. Resistance is mainly caused by the presence of a subpopulation of tumor cells, the glioma stem cells (GSCs), which are highly resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. In 2015, Zikavirus (ZIKV)-induced microcephaly emerged in newborns, indicating that ZIKV has a specific neurotropism. Accordingly, an oncolytic tropism for infecting GSCs was demonstrated in a murine tumor model. Like other flaviviruses, ZIKV is enveloped by two proteins, prM and E. The pME expres

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6

Spiegel, Martin, Michael Bitzer, Andrea Schenk, et al. "Pseudotype Formation of Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus with Sendai Virus Glycoprotein F." Journal of Virology 72, no. 6 (1998): 5296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.6.5296-5302.1998.

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ABSTRACT Mixed infection of cells with both Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV) and related or heterologous viruses produces progeny pseudotype virions bearing the MoMLV genome encapsulated by the envelope of the other virus. In this study, pseudotype formation between MoMLV and the prototype parainfluenza virus Sendai virus (SV) was investigated. We report for the first time that SV infection of MoMLV producer cells results in the formation of MoMLV(SV) pseudotypes, which display a largely extended host range compared to that of MoMLV particles. This could be associated with SV hemagglutini

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7

Meyer, Keith, Aster Beyene, Terry L. Bowlin, Arnab Basu, and Ranjit Ray. "Coexpression of Hepatitis C Virus E1 and E2 Chimeric Envelope Glycoproteins Displays Separable Ligand Sensitivity and Increases Pseudotype Infectious Titer." Journal of Virology 78, no. 23 (2004): 12838–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.23.12838-12847.2004.

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ABSTRACT We have previously reported that a pseudotype virus generated by reconstitution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) chimeric envelope glycoprotein E1-G or E2-G on the surface of a temperature-sensitive mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSVts045) interacts independently with mammalian cells to initiate infection. Here, we examined whether coexpression of both of the envelope glycoproteins on pseudotype particles would augment virus infectivity and/or alter the functional properties of the individual subunits. Stable transfectants of baby hamster kidney (BHK) epithelial cells expressing eith

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8

Pöhlking, Celine, Sebastian Beier, Jan Patrick Formanski, Michael Friese, Michael Schreiber, and Birco Schwalbe. "Isolation of Cells from Glioblastoma Multiforme Grade 4 Tumors for Infection with Zika Virus prME and ME Pseudotyped HIV-1." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 5 (2023): 4467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054467.

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This study aimed to isolate cells from grade 4 glioblastoma multiforme tumors for infection experiments with Zika virus (ZIKV) prME or ME enveloped HIV-1 pseudotypes. The cells obtained from tumor tissue were successfully cultured in human cerebrospinal fluid (hCSF) or a mixture of hCSF/DMEM in cell culture flasks with polar and hydrophilic surfaces. The isolated tumor cells as well as the U87, U138, and U343 cells tested positive for ZIKV receptors Axl and Integrin αvβ5. Pseudotype entry was detected by the expression of firefly luciferase or green fluorescent protein (gfp). In prME and ME ps

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9

Sandrin, Virginie, Delphine Muriaux, Jean-Luc Darlix, and François-Loïc Cosset. "Intracellular Trafficking of Gag and Env Proteins and Their Interactions Modulate Pseudotyping of Retroviruses." Journal of Virology 78, no. 13 (2004): 7153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.13.7153-7164.2004.

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ABSTRACT Glycoproteins derived from most retroviruses and from several families of enveloped viruses can form infectious pseudotypes with murine leukemia virus (MLV) and lentiviral core particles, like the MLV envelope glycoproteins (Env) that are incorporated on either virus type. However, coexpression of a given glycoprotein with heterologous core proteins does not always give rise to highly infectious viral particles, and restrictions on pseudotype formation have been reported. To understand the mechanisms that control the recruitment of viral surface glycoproteins on lentiviral and retrovi

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10

Balliet, John W., and Paul Bates. "Efficient Infection Mediated by Viral Receptors Incorporated into Retroviral Particles." Journal of Virology 72, no. 1 (1998): 671–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.1.671-676.1998.

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ABSTRACT Many host cell surface proteins, including viral receptors, are incorporated into enveloped viruses. To address the functional significance of these host proteins, murine leukemia viruses containing the cellular receptors for Rous sarcoma virus (Tva) or ecotropic murine leukemia virus (MCAT-1) were produced. These receptor-pseudotyped viruses efficiently infect cells expressing the cognate viral envelope glycoproteins, with titers of up to 105 infectious units per milliliter for the Tva pseudotypes. Receptor and viral glycoprotein specificity and functional requirements are maintained

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11

Kahl, Christoph A., Jon Marsh, Joanne Fyffe, David A. Sanders, and Kenneth Cornetta. "Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Derived Lentivirus Vectors Pseudotyped with Envelope Glycoproteins Derived from Ross River Virus and Semliki Forest Virus." Journal of Virology 78, no. 3 (2004): 1421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.3.1421-1430.2004.

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ABSTRACT Ross River virus (RRV) and Semliki Forest virus (SFV) are two alphaviruses that have a high degree of amino acid homology, as well as a very broad host range. We show here that envelope glycoproteins derived from both viruses can pseudotype human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-derived lentivirus vectors. Both RRV and SFV glycoproteins considerably expand the host range of the lentivirus vector, and vectors can be efficiently concentrated by ultracentrifugation. A systematic analysis comparing the alphaviral glycoproteins to the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) re

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12

Tolah, Ahmed Majdi K., Sayed S. Sohrab, Khaled Majdi K. Tolah, Ahmed M. Hassan, Sherif A. El-Kafrawy, and Esam I. Azhar. "Evaluation of a Pseudovirus Neutralization Assay for SARS-CoV-2 and Correlation with Live Virus-Based Micro Neutralization Assay." Diagnostics 11, no. 6 (2021): 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11060994.

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The unusual cases of pneumonia outbreak were reported from Wuhan city in late December 2019. Serological testing provides a powerful tool for the identification of prior infection and for epidemiological studies. Pseudotype virus neutralization assays are widely used for many viruses and applications in the fields of serology. The accuracy of pseudotype neutralizing assay allows for its use in low biosafety lab and provides a safe and effective alternative to the use of wild-type viruses. In this study, we evaluated the performance of this assay compared to the standard microneutralization ass

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13

Wright, Edward, Suzanne McNabb, Trudy Goddard, et al. "A robust lentiviral pseudotype neutralisation assay for in-field serosurveillance of rabies and lyssaviruses in Africa." Vaccine 27, no. 51 (2009): 7178–86. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13530072.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The inflexibility of existing serological techniques for detection of rabies in surveillance constrains the benefit to be gained from many current control strategies. We analysed 304 serum samples from Tanzanian dogs for the detection of rabies antibodies in a pseudotype assay using lentiviral vectors bearing the CVS-11 envelope glycoprotein. Compared with the widely used gold standard fluorescent antibody virus neutralisation assay, a specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 94.4% with a strong correlation of antibody titres (r=0.915) were obse

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Wright, Edward, Suzanne McNabb, Trudy Goddard, et al. "A robust lentiviral pseudotype neutralisation assay for in-field serosurveillance of rabies and lyssaviruses in Africa." Vaccine 27, no. 51 (2009): 7178–86. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13530072.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The inflexibility of existing serological techniques for detection of rabies in surveillance constrains the benefit to be gained from many current control strategies. We analysed 304 serum samples from Tanzanian dogs for the detection of rabies antibodies in a pseudotype assay using lentiviral vectors bearing the CVS-11 envelope glycoprotein. Compared with the widely used gold standard fluorescent antibody virus neutralisation assay, a specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 94.4% with a strong correlation of antibody titres (r=0.915) were obse

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15

Flint, Mike, Carine Logvinoff, Charles M. Rice, and Jane A. McKeating. "Characterization of Infectious Retroviral Pseudotype Particles Bearing Hepatitis C Virus Glycoproteins." Journal of Virology 78, no. 13 (2004): 6875–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.13.6875-6882.2004.

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ABSTRACT The recent development of infectious retroviral pseudotypes bearing hepatitis C virus (HCV) glycoproteins represents an opportunity to study the functionally active form of the HCV E1 and E2 glycoproteins. In the culture supernatant of cells producing HCV retroviral pseudotypes, the majority of E2 was not associated with infectious particles and failed to sediment on sucrose gradients. The E2 that was incorporated into infectious particles appeared as a triplet of diffuse bands at 60, 70, and 90 kDa. Similarly, three major forms of E1 were incorporated into the pseudotype particles, m

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16

Grunwald, Vivien, Hai Dang Ngo, Jan Patrick Formanski, et al. "Development of Zika Virus E Variants for Pseudotyping Retroviral Vectors Targeting Glioblastoma Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 19 (2023): 14487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914487.

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A fundamental idea for targeting glioblastoma cells is to exploit the neurotropic properties of Zika virus (ZIKV) through its two outer envelope proteins, prM and E. This study aimed to develop envelope glycoproteins for pseudotyping retroviral vectors that can be used for efficient tumor cell infection. Firstly, the retroviral vector pNLlucAM was packaged using wild-type ZIKV E to generate an E-HIVluc pseudotype. E-HIVluc infection rates for tumor cells were higher than those of normal prME pseudotyped particles and the traditionally used vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSV-G) pseudotypes, indi

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Kaname, Yuuki, Hideki Tani, Chikako Kataoka, et al. "Acquisition of Complement Resistance through Incorporation of CD55/Decay-Accelerating Factor into Viral Particles Bearing Baculovirus GP64." Journal of Virology 84, no. 7 (2010): 3210–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02519-09.

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ABSTRACT A major obstacle to gene transduction by viral vectors is inactivation by human complement in vivo. One way to overcome this is to incorporate complement regulatory proteins, such as CD55/decay accelerating factor (DAF), into viral particles. Lentivirus vectors pseudotyped with the baculovirus envelope protein GP64 have been shown to acquire more potent resistance to serum inactivation and longer transgene expression than those pseudotyped with the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) envelope protein G. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to serum inactivation in pseu

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18

Del Rosario, Joanne Marie M., Kelly A. S. da Costa, Benedikt Asbach, et al. "Exploiting Pan Influenza A and Pan Influenza B Pseudotype Libraries for Efficient Vaccine Antigen Selection." Vaccines 9, no. 7 (2021): 741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070741.

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We developed an influenza hemagglutinin (HA) pseudotype library encompassing Influenza A subtypes HA1-18 and Influenza B subtypes (both lineages) to be employed in influenza pseudotype microneutralization (pMN) assays. The pMN is highly sensitive and specific for detecting virus-specific neutralizing antibodies against influenza viruses and can be used to assess antibody functionality in vitro. Here we show the production of these viral HA pseudotypes and their employment as substitutes for wildtype viruses in influenza neutralization assays. We demonstrate their utility in detecting serum res

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Hyseni, Inesa, Eleonora Molesti, Linda Benincasa, et al. "Characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 Lentiviral Pseudotypes and Correlation between Pseudotype-Based Neutralisation Assays and Live Virus-Based Micro Neutralisation Assays." Viruses 12, no. 9 (2020): 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12091011.

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The recent outbreak of a novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and its rapid spread across the continents has generated an urgent need for assays to detect the neutralising activity of human sera or human monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and to evaluate the serological immunity in humans. Since the accessibility of live virus microneutralisation (MN) assays with SARS-CoV-2 is limited and requires enhanced bio-containment, the approach based on “pseudotyping” can be considered a useful complement to other serological assays. After fully characterising lentiviral pseudotypes beari

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Halbert, Christine L., Elizabeth A. Rutledge, James M. Allen, David W. Russell, and A. Dusty Miller. "Repeat Transduction in the Mouse Lung by Using Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors with Different Serotypes." Journal of Virology 74, no. 3 (2000): 1524–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.3.1524-1532.2000.

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ABSTRACT Vectors derived from adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) promote gene transfer and expression in the lung; however, we have found that while gene expression can persist for at least 8 months in mice, it was reduced dramatically in rabbits over a period of 2 months. The efficiency and persistence of AAV2-mediated gene expression in the human lung have yet to be determined, but it seems likely that readministration will be necessary over the lifetime of an individual. Unfortunately, we have found that transduction by a second administration of an AAV2 vector is blocked, presumably due

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Zhang, Jie, Glenn Randall, Adrian Higginbottom, Peter Monk, Charles M. Rice, and Jane A. McKeating. "CD81 Is Required for Hepatitis C Virus Glycoprotein-Mediated Viral Infection." Journal of Virology 78, no. 3 (2004): 1448–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.3.1448-1455.2004.

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ABSTRACT CD81 has been described as a putative receptor for hepatitis C virus (HCV); however, its role in HCV cell entry has not been characterized due to the lack of an efficient cell culture system. We have examined the role of CD81 in HCV glycoprotein-dependent entry by using a recently developed retroviral pseudotyping system. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pseudotypes bearing HCV E1E2 glycoproteins show a restricted tropism for human liver cell lines. Although all of the permissive cell lines express CD81, CD81 expression alone is not sufficient to allow viral entry. CD81 is required

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Sung, Vicky M. H., and Michael M. C. Lai. "Murine Retroviral Pseudotype Virus Containing Hepatitis B Virus Large and Small Surface Antigens Confers Specific Tropism for Primary Human Hepatocytes: a Potential Liver-Specific Targeting System." Journal of Virology 76, no. 2 (2002): 912–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.2.912-917.2002.

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ABSTRACT We have developed a system for producing murine leukemia virus (MLV) pseudotyped with human hepatitis B virus (HBV) large (L) and small (S) surface antigens (HBsAg) for targeting primary human hepatocytes. Using the MLV(HBV) pseudotype virus containing a β-galactosidase reporter gene, we demonstrated that this pseudotype virus exhibits strict tropism for primary human hepatocytes, similar to the natural target cell specificity of HBV. It does not infect any of the established tissue culture cell lines, including human hepatoma cell lines (HepG2 and Huh-7), or rat primary hepatocytes.

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Arai, Tohru, Kazuyuki Matsumoto, Kanako Saitoh, et al. "A New System for Stringent, High-Titer Vesicular Stomatitis Virus G Protein-Pseudotyped Retrovirus Vector Induction by Introduction of Cre Recombinase into Stable Prepackaging Cell Lines." Journal of Virology 72, no. 2 (1998): 1115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.2.1115-1121.1998.

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ABSTRACT We report here on stable prepackaging cell lines which can be converted into packaging cell lines for high-titer vesicular stomatitis virus G protein (VSV-G)-pseudotyped retrovirus vectors by the introduction of Cre recombinase-expressing adenovirus. The generated prepackaging cell lines constitutively express the gag-polgenes and contain an inducible transcriptional unit for the VSV-G gene. From this unit, the introduced Cre recombinase excised both a neomycin resistance (Neor) gene and a poly(A) signal flanked by a tandem pair of loxP sequences and induced transcription of the VSV-G

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Saha, Manujendra N., Atsushi Tanaka, Atsushi Jinno-Oue, et al. "Formation of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Pseudotypes Bearing Surface Proteins of Hepatitis B Virus." Journal of Virology 79, no. 19 (2005): 12566–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.19.12566-12574.2005.

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ABSTRACT It has been difficult to propagate and titrate hepatitis B virus (HBV) in tissue culture. We examined whether vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudotypes bearing HBV surface (HBs) proteins infectious for human cell lines could be prepared. For this, expression plasmids for three surface proteins, L, M, and S, of HBV were made. 293T cells were then transfected with these plasmids either individually or in different combinations. 293T cells expressing HBs proteins were infected with VSVΔG*-G, a recombinant VSV expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP), to make VSV pseudotypes. Culture

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Su, RuiJun, Rency L. Rosales, Martin Lochelt, and Neil C. Josephson. "Transduction of Primate Cells with Feline Foamy Virus Envelope Pseudotyped Prototype Foamy Virus Vectors." Blood 104, no. 11 (2004): 5276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.5276.5276.

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Abstract Because of their genetic and biological similarity to humans, non-human primates are the best pre-clinical models for testing the efficacy and safety of gene therapy systems. However, the presence of endogenous simian foamy virus infection in nearly all non-human primates kept in captivity complicates foamy virus (FV) vector stem cell transduction studies in these animals. A major concern is that repopulating cells exposed to FV vector stocks will elicit an immune response in non-human primate hosts. Though human serum does not inactivate prototype foamy virus (PFV) vectors, a one hou

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Basu, Arnab, Aster Beyene, Keith Meyer, and Ranjit Ray. "The Hypervariable Region 1 of the E2 Glycoprotein of Hepatitis C Virus Binds to Glycosaminoglycans, but This Binding Does Not Lead to Infection in a Pseudotype System." Journal of Virology 78, no. 9 (2004): 4478–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.9.4478-4486.2004.

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ABSTRACT The hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) E2 envelope glycoprotein is a 27-amino-acid sequence located at its N terminus. In this study, we investigated the functional role of HVR1 for interaction with the mammalian cell surface. The C-terminal truncated E2 glycoprotein was appended to a transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) G protein for generation of the chimeric E2-G gene construct. A deletion of the HVR1 sequence from E2 was created for the construction of E2ΔHVR1-G. Pseudotype virus, generated separately by infection of a

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Kang, Yubin, Colleen S. Stein, Jason A. Heth, et al. "In Vivo Gene Transfer Using a Nonprimate Lentiviral Vector Pseudotyped with Ross River Virus Glycoproteins." Journal of Virology 76, no. 18 (2002): 9378–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.18.9378-9388.2002.

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ABSTRACT Vectors derived from lentiviruses provide a promising gene delivery system. We examined the in vivo gene transfer efficiency and tissue or cell tropism of a feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-based lentiviral vector pseudotyped with the glycoproteins from Ross River Virus (RRV). RRV glycoproteins were efficiently incorporated into FIV virions, generating preparations of FIV vector, which after concentration attain titers up to 1.5 × 108 TU/ml. After systemic administration, RRV-pseudotyped FIV vectors (RRV/FIV) predominantly transduced the liver of recipient mice. Transduction effici

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Sampson, Alexander Thomas, Jonathan Heeney, Diego Cantoni, et al. "Coronavirus Pseudotypes for All Circulating Human Coronaviruses for Quantification of Cross-Neutralizing Antibody Responses." Viruses 13, no. 8 (2021): 1579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13081579.

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The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh identified human coronavirus. Understanding the extent of pre-existing immunity induced by seropositivity to endemic seasonal coronaviruses and the impact of cross-reactivity on COVID-19 disease progression remains a key research question in immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and the immunopathology of COVID-2019 disease. This paper describes a panel of lentiviral pseudotypes bearing the spike (S) proteins for each of the seven human coronaviruses (HCoVs), generated under similar conditions optimized for high titre production allowing a high-throughput inves

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Crawford, Katharine H. D., Rachel Eguia, Adam S. Dingens, et al. "Protocol and Reagents for Pseudotyping Lentiviral Particles with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein for Neutralization Assays." Viruses 12, no. 5 (2020): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12050513.

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SARS-CoV-2 enters cells using its Spike protein, which is also the main target of neutralizing antibodies. Therefore, assays to measure how antibodies and sera affect Spike-mediated viral infection are important for studying immunity. Because SARS-CoV-2 is a biosafety-level-3 virus, one way to simplify such assays is to pseudotype biosafety-level-2 viral particles with Spike. Such pseudotyping has now been described for single-cycle lentiviral, retroviral, and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) particles, but the reagents and protocols are not widely available. Here, we detailed how to effective

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Ito, Hiroshi, Shinji Watanabe, Ayato Takada, and Yoshihiro Kawaoka. "Ebola Virus Glycoprotein: Proteolytic Processing, Acylation, Cell Tropism, and Detection of Neutralizing Antibodies." Journal of Virology 75, no. 3 (2001): 1576–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.3.1576-1580.2001.

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ABSTRACT Using the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudotype system, we studied the functional properties of the Ebola virus glycoprotein (GP). Amino acid substitutions at the GP cleavage site, which reduce glycoprotein cleavability and viral infectivity in some viruses, did not appreciably change the infectivity of VSV pseudotyped with GP. Likewise, removal of two acylated cysteine residues in the transmembrane region of GP showed no discernible effects on infectivity. Although most filoviruses are believed to target endothelial cells and hepatocytes preferentially, the GP-carrying VSV show

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Zimmer, Gert, Samira Locher, Marianne Berger Rentsch, and Stefan J. Halbherr. "Pseudotyping of vesicular stomatitis virus with the envelope glycoproteins of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses." Journal of General Virology 95, no. 8 (2014): 1634–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.065201-0.

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Pseudotype viruses are useful for studying the envelope proteins of harmful viruses. This work describes the pseudotyping of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) with the envelope glycoproteins of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. VSV lacking the homotypic glycoprotein (G) gene (VSVΔG) was used to express haemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA) or the combination of both. Propagation-competent pseudotype viruses were only obtained when HA and NA were expressed from the same vector genome. Pseudotype viruses containing HA from different H5 clades were neutralized specifically by immune ser

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Westenberg, Marcel, Helen M. Soedling, Nisha Hirani, Linda J. Nicholson, Derek A. Mann, and Colin T. Dolphin. "Seamless replacement of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus gp64 with each of five novel type II alphabaculovirus fusion sequences generates pseudotyped virus that fails to transduce mammalian cells." Journal of General Virology 93, no. 7 (2012): 1583–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.041921-0.

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Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV), a member of the type I alphabaculoviruses, is able to transduce and deliver a functional gene to a range of non-host cells, including many mammalian lines and primary cells, a property mediated by the envelope fusion protein GP64. AcMNPV is non-cytopathic and inherently replication deficient in non-host cells. As such, AcMNPV represents a possible new class of gene therapy vector with potential future clinical utility. Whilst not a problem for in vitro gene delivery, the broad tropism displayed for non-host cells is less desirable

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Wright, Edward, Nigel J. Temperton, Denise A. Marston, Lorraine M. McElhinney, Anthony R. Fooks, and Robin A. Weiss. "Investigating antibody neutralization of lyssaviruses using lentiviral pseudotypes: a cross-species comparison." Journal of General Virology 89, no. 9 (2008): 2204–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.2008/000349-0.

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Cross-neutralization between rabies virus (RABV) and two European bat lyssaviruses (EBLV-1 and -2) was analysed using lentiviral pseudotypes as antigen vectors. Glycoprotein (G-protein) cDNA from RABV challenge virus standard-11 (CVS-11) and EBLV-1 and -2 were cloned and co-expressed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or murine leukemia virus (MLV) gag–pol and packageable green fluorescent protein (GFP) or luciferase reporter genes in human cells. The harvested lentiviral (HIV) vector infected over 40 % of baby hamster kidney (BHK) target cells, providing high-titre pseudotype stocks. Tes

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Kitagawa, Yoshinori, Hideki Tani, Chang Kwang Limn, Tomoko M. Matsunaga, Kohji Moriishi, and Yoshiharu Matsuura. "Ligand-Directed Gene Targeting to Mammalian Cells by Pseudotype Baculoviruses." Journal of Virology 79, no. 6 (2005): 3639–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.6.3639-3652.2005.

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ABSTRACT The baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) can infect a variety of mammalian cells, as well as insect cells, facilitating its use as a viral vector for gene delivery into mammalian cells. Glycoprotein gp64, a major component of the budded AcMNPV envelope, is involved in viral entry into cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis and subsequent membrane fusion. We examined the potential production of pseudotype baculovirus particles transiently carrying ligands of interest in place of gp64 as a method of ligand-directed gene delivery into target cells. Du

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Lasickienė, Rita, Alma Gedvilaite, Milda Norkiene, et al. "The Use of Recombinant Pseudotype Virus-Like Particles Harbouring Inserted Target Antigen to Generate Antibodies against Cellular Marker p16INK4A." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/263737.

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Protein engineering provides an opportunity to generate new immunogens with desired features. Previously, we have demonstrated that hamster polyomavirus major capsid protein VP1-derived virus-like particles (VLPs) are highly immunogenic and can be employed for the insertion of foreign epitopes at certain surface-exposed positions. In the current study, we have designed pseudotype VLPs consisting of an intact VP1 protein and VP2 protein fused with the target antigen—cellular marker p16INK4A—at its N terminus. Both proteins coexpressed in yeast were self-assembled to pseudotype VLPs harbouring t

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Perez, Mar, Michiko Watanabe, Michael A. Whitt, and Juan Carlos de la Torre. "N-Terminal Domain of Borna Disease Virus G (p56) Protein Is Sufficient for Virus Receptor Recognition and Cell Entry." Journal of Virology 75, no. 15 (2001): 7078–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.15.7078-7085.2001.

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ABSTRACT Borna disease virus (BDV) surface glycoprotein (GP) (p56) has a predicted molecular mass of 56 kDa. Due to extensive posttranslational glycosylation the protein migrates as a polypeptide of 84 kDa (gp84). The processing of gp84 by the cellular protease furin generates gp43, which corresponds to the C-terminal part of gp84. Both gp84 and gp43 have been implicated in viral entry involving receptor-mediated endocytosis and pH-dependent fusion. We have investigated the domains of BDV p56 involved in virus entry. For this, we used a pseudotype approach based on a recently developed recombi

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Temperton, Nigel. "The Viral Pseudotype Unit: viral pseudotype R&D, dissemination and education." Future Virology 11, no. 2 (2016): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fvl.15.109.

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Meyer, Keith, Arnab Basu, Craig T. Przysiecki, et al. "Complement-Mediated Enhancement of Antibody Function for Neutralization of Pseudotype Virus Containing Hepatitis C Virus E2 Chimeric Glycoprotein." Journal of Virology 76, no. 5 (2002): 2150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.5.2150-2158.2002.

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ABSTRACT We previously reported a number of features of hepatitis C virus (HCV) chimeric glycoproteins related to pseudotype virus entry into mammalian cells. In this study, pseudotype virus was neutralized by HCV E2 glycoprotein-specific antibodies and infected human sera. Neutralization (50% reduction of pseudotype virus plaque formation) was observed with two human immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) at concentrations of between 2.5 and 10 μg/ml. A hyperimmune rabbit antiserum to an E2 hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) mimotope also exhibited an HCV E2 pseudotype virus neutralization

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Meyer, Keith, Malika Ait-Goughoulte, Zhen-Yong Keck, Steven Foung, and Ranjit Ray. "Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Hepatitis C Virus Infection." Journal of Virology 82, no. 5 (2007): 2140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01867-07.

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ABSTRACT Hepatitis C virus (HCV) often causes a persistent infection associated with hypergammaglobulinemia, high levels of antiviral antibody and circulating immune complexes, and immune complex disease. We previously reported that only a limited neutralizing activity to vesicular stomatitis virus or HCV pseudotype is generated in animals immunized with recombinant HCV envelope proteins and chronically infected HCV patient sera. Interestingly, when some of these neutralizing sera were diluted into a range of concentrations below those that reduced virus plaque number, an increase in pseudotyp

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Rothstein, L., JH Pierce, V. Klassen, and JS Greenberger. "Amphotropic retrovirus vector transfer of the v-ras oncogene to human hematopoietic and stromal cells in continuous bone marrow cultures." Blood 65, no. 3 (1985): 744–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v65.3.744.744.

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Abstract Human continuous bone marrow cultures were established from intraoperative marrow specimens and infected with amphotropic murine leukemia virus (Am-MuLV) pseudotypes of Kirsten or Harvey murine sarcoma virus, and the biologic effects were compared with mouse continuous bone marrow cultures. Cultures were tested for production of total nonadherent granulocytes and granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (GM-CFUc); virus replication by supernatant reverse transcriptase activity; percentage of adherent and nonadherent cells and GM-CFUc that released virus by infectious center assay; and

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Rothstein, L., JH Pierce, V. Klassen, and JS Greenberger. "Amphotropic retrovirus vector transfer of the v-ras oncogene to human hematopoietic and stromal cells in continuous bone marrow cultures." Blood 65, no. 3 (1985): 744–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v65.3.744.bloodjournal653744.

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Human continuous bone marrow cultures were established from intraoperative marrow specimens and infected with amphotropic murine leukemia virus (Am-MuLV) pseudotypes of Kirsten or Harvey murine sarcoma virus, and the biologic effects were compared with mouse continuous bone marrow cultures. Cultures were tested for production of total nonadherent granulocytes and granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (GM-CFUc); virus replication by supernatant reverse transcriptase activity; percentage of adherent and nonadherent cells and GM-CFUc that released virus by infectious center assay; and for synth

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Miletic, Hrvoje, Michael Bruns, Konstantinos Tsiakas, et al. "Retroviral Vectors Pseudotyped with Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus." Journal of Virology 73, no. 7 (1999): 6114–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.7.6114-6116.1999.

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ABSTRACT Pseudotyping can improve retroviral vector stability and transduction efficiency. Here, we describe a novel pseudotype of murine leukemia virus packaged with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). This pseudotype was stable during ultracentrifugation and infected several cell lines from different species. Moreover, LCMV glycoproteins were not cell toxic.

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Stitz, Jörn, Christian J. Buchholz, and Klaus Cichutek. "MLV-derived retroviral pseudotype vectors." Gene Therapy and Regulation 1, no. 2 (2000): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156855800744601.

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Schwegmann-Weßels, Christel, Jörg Glende, Xiaofeng Ren, et al. "Comparison of vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotyped with the S proteins from a porcine and a human coronavirus." Journal of General Virology 90, no. 7 (2009): 1724–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.009704-0.

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The surface proteins S of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) were compared for their ability to mediate infection of viral pseudotypes based on vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). The cell tropism of the respective pseudotypes corresponded to the tropism of the viruses from which the S protein was derived. Higher infectivity values were obtained with the SARS-CoV S protein than with the TGEV S protein. Differences were observed with respect to the importance of the cytoplasmic tail and the membrane anchor of the S proteins. In

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Kiem, Hans-Peter, Scott Heyward, Aaron Winkler, et al. "Gene Transfer into Marrow Repopulating Cells: Comparison Between Amphotropic and Gibbon Ape Leukemia Virus Pseudotyped Retroviral Vectors in a Competitive Repopulation Assay in Baboons." Blood 90, no. 11 (1997): 4638–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v90.11.4638.

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Abstract Many diseases might be treated by gene therapy targeted to the hematopoietic system, but low rates of gene transfer achieved in humans and large animals have limited the application of this technique. We have developed a competitive hematopoietic repopulation assay in baboons to evaluate methods for improving gene transfer and have used this method to compare gene transfer rates for retroviral vectors having an envelope protein (pseudotype) from amphotropic murine retrovirus with similar vectors having an envelope protein derived from gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV). We hypothesized

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46

Kiem, Hans-Peter, Scott Heyward, Aaron Winkler, et al. "Gene Transfer into Marrow Repopulating Cells: Comparison Between Amphotropic and Gibbon Ape Leukemia Virus Pseudotyped Retroviral Vectors in a Competitive Repopulation Assay in Baboons." Blood 90, no. 11 (1997): 4638–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v90.11.4638.4638_4638_4645.

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Many diseases might be treated by gene therapy targeted to the hematopoietic system, but low rates of gene transfer achieved in humans and large animals have limited the application of this technique. We have developed a competitive hematopoietic repopulation assay in baboons to evaluate methods for improving gene transfer and have used this method to compare gene transfer rates for retroviral vectors having an envelope protein (pseudotype) from amphotropic murine retrovirus with similar vectors having an envelope protein derived from gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV). We hypothesized that vect

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47

Christodoulopoulos, Ilias, and Paula M. Cannon. "Sequences in the Cytoplasmic Tail of the Gibbon Ape Leukemia Virus Envelope Protein That Prevent Its Incorporation into Lentivirus Vectors." Journal of Virology 75, no. 9 (2001): 4129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.9.4129-4138.2001.

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ABSTRACT Pseudotyping retrovirus and lentivirus vectors with different viral fusion proteins is a useful strategy to alter the host range of the vectors. Although lentivirus vectors are efficiently pseudotyped by Env proteins from several different subtypes of murine leukemia virus (MuLV), the related protein from gibbon ape leukemia virus (GaLV) does not form functional pseudotypes. We have determined that this arises because of an inability of GaLV Env to be incorporated into lentivirus vector particles. By exploiting the homology between the GaLV and MuLV Env proteins, we have mapped the de

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Goerner, Martin, Peter A. Horn, Laura Peterson, et al. "Sustained multilineage gene persistence and expression in dogs transplanted with CD34+ marrow cells transduced by RD114-pseudotype oncoretrovirus vectors." Blood 98, no. 7 (2001): 2065–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v98.7.2065.

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Previous studies have shown that the choice of envelope protein (pseudotype) can have a significant effect on the efficiency of retroviral gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells. This study used a competitive repopulation assay in the dog model to evaluate oncoretroviral vectors carrying the envelope protein of the endogenous feline virus, RD114. CD34-enriched marrow cells were divided into equal aliquots and transduced with vectors produced by the RD114-pseudotype packaging cells FLYRD (LgGLSN and LNX) or by the gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV)–pseudotype packaging cells PG13 (LNY). A to

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Basu, Arnab, Tatsuo Kanda, Aster Beyene, Kousuke Saito, Keith Meyer, and Ranjit Ray. "Sulfated Homologues of Heparin Inhibit Hepatitis C Virus Entry into Mammalian Cells." Journal of Virology 81, no. 8 (2007): 3933–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02622-06.

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ABSTRACT The mechanism of entry of hepatitis C virus (HCV) through interactions between the envelope glycoproteins and specific cell surface receptors remains unclear at this time. We have previously shown with the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)/HCV pseudotype model that the hypervariable region 1 of the HCV E2 envelope glycoprotein helps in binding with glycosaminoglycans present on the cell surface. In this study, we have examined the binding of HCV envelope glycoproteins with chemically modified derivatives of heparin. Furthermore, we have determined the functional relevance of the intera

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Hanika, Andrea, Birthe Larisch, Eike Steinmann, Christel Schwegmann-Weßels, Georg Herrler, and Gert Zimmer. "Use of influenza C virus glycoprotein HEF for generation of vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotypes." Journal of General Virology 86, no. 5 (2005): 1455–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.80788-0.

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Influenza C virus contains two envelope glycoproteins: CM2, a putative ion channel protein; and HEF, a unique multifunctional protein that performs receptor-binding, receptor-destroying and fusion activities. Here, it is demonstrated that expression of HEF is sufficient to pseudotype replication-incompetent vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) that lacks the VSV glycoprotein (G) gene. The pseudotyped virus showed characteristic features of influenza C virus with respect to proteolytic activation, receptor usage and cell tropism. Chimeric glycoproteins composed of HEF ectodomain and VSV-G C-termina

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