Dissertations / Theses: 'PSHT'

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Carvalho, Ana Cristina Saraiva de. "Identificação e avaliação de riscos da "Casa de Frangos de Portugal." Master's thesis, Escola Superior de Tecnologia do Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/3881.

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Pós-Graduação em Segurança e Higiene no Trabalho
O presente relatório surge no âmbito da componente pratica da Pós-Graduação de Segurança e Higiene no Trabalho- nível VI promovido pelo Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal. Nesta componente prática (estágio) são aplicados os conhecimentos teóricos e técnicos adquiridos ao longo da formação (426 horas) e de todo o trabalho desenvolvido na mesma. O estágio teve duração de 120 horas (três semanas) tendo sido realizado numa empresa de serviços externos situada em Odivelas e que tem como nome ForSaude. O projecto foi baseado num take-away “Casa de Frangos de Portugal” nome fictício que lhe atribui, devido ao facto de o cliente em questão não querer expor o seu serviço. Foi realizada uma avaliação de risco através do método W.T.Fine e por consequente, definiram-se as possíveis medidas preventivas e correctivas a implementar, necessárias ao cumprimentos da legislação em vigor e com vista à eliminação/redução dos riscos profissionais identificados e avaliados. Para efectuar esta avaliação tiveram-se em conta alguns aspectos, tais como a observação do local de intervenção com recolha de informação e o envolvimento dos colaboradores nas questões da higiene e segurança no trabalho. Verifica-se que nesta área de actividade é dada bastante ênfase ao sistema de HACCP descurando o de HST, não sendo relevante para a maioria das organizações. A segurança e higiene no trabalho deve ser encarada de duas perspectivas, a segurança dos trabalhadores e a segurança dos clientes, pois nesta actividade os clientes, frequentadores do espaço também estão sujeitos a alguns riscos.

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Ubisse, Albino Virgílio. "Comparison of DigSILENT, Matlab PST and PSAT for steady state and stability studies on HVAC-HVDC systems." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12273.

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Includes abstract.
Includes bibliographical references.
It is said that the electric power system is the most complex system ever built by mankind. Over the past few decades, many software packages focusing on the study of this complex system have been developed. These software packages range from academic/ research based to industrial/commercial based software. Before any component/device is installed in the power system, it undergoes rigorous research, simulation and testing.

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Giacomoni, John Anthony. "PShm: High-rate packet manipulation in user-space." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1433511.

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JARA, HEREDIA DANIEL. "DNB and Void FractionTRACE Model Validation with PSBT Experiments." Thesis, KTH, Kärnkraftsäkerhet, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-33553.

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Tesař, Jan. "Koordinace provozu PST transformátorů v propojeném regionu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377063.

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This master’s thesis deals with phase-shifting transformers (PST) and coordination of electrically close devices in an interconnected region. Theoretical research is performed in the work, describing methods of power control, function and design of PST, as well as actual methods of PST coordination in the rest of the world. Based on the research there is an optimalisation algorithm designed in MATLAB, which computes recommended tap petting of PST based on the network configuration. In the second part of this thesis there are described components of this algorithm and also presented the results of three demonstrative scenarios. Algorithm is able to solve minor problems in the network; more complex problems are beyond its solving ability. For an improved functionality there is a necessity to further expand this algorithm by a network redispatch solving algorithm.

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Aguena, Meire. "Análise transcricional do operon pst de Escherichia coli." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42132/tde-30012008-094907/.

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O operon pst de Escherichia coli é formado pelos genes pstS, pstC, pstA, pstB e phoU. Os quatro primeiros genes codificam proteínas que compõem um sistema de transporte do tipo ABC denominado Pst. O sistema Pst, junto com a proteína PhoU participa da repressão dos genes do regulon PHO. A transcrição dos genes do operon pst é induzida pela carência de fosfato inorgânico (Pi). Neste trabalho, o padrão de transcrição do operon pst foi analisado. A existência de um transcrito primário instável foi comprovada através de uma nova técnica de RT-PCR. O papel da RNase E na degradação do mRNA de pst foi demonstrado. A análise das seqüências intergênicas do operon revelou a importância da seqüência REP (Repetitive Extragenic Palindrome) localizada na região intergênica entre pstS e pstC na estabilização da mensagem de pstS. As seqüências localizadas a 5\' dos genes pstC, pstB e phoU também foram analisadas e demonstraram uma atividade promotora fraca, que resulta na síntese de transcritos dos genes distais de pst.
The pst operon of Escherichia coli consists of the genes pstS, pstC, pstA, pstB and phoU. The four proximal genes of the operon encode the proteins of the ABC-type Pi phosphate (Pi) transporter Pst.The Pst system, together with the PhoU protein, also acts as a negative regulator of the PHO regulon. Transcription of the pst genes is induced by Pi starvation. The present study describes the transcription pattern of the pst operon. The existence of an unstable primary transcript was confirmed by using an improved RT-PCR protocol. The role of RNase E in pst transcript decay was demonstrated.Analysis of the operon intergenic regions revealed the role of a REP sequence (Repetitive Extragenic Palindrome) located between pstS and pstC in pst mRNA stability. The regions upstream of pstC, pstB and phoU displayed promoter activity. Transcription from these internal promoters resulted in a small amount of mRNAs corresponding to the pst distal genes.

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Wilson, Jonathan Robert. "Copper and zinc ligands of Pisum sativum and expression of psMT(_A)." Thesis, Durham University, 1995. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5320/.

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The gene, PsMT(_A) is highly expressed in the roots of the garden pea, Pisum sativum. The predicted primary structures of homologues of the PsMT(_A) gene from a range of plant species were compared. Common features are amino and carboxyl terminal domains of approximately 20 residues which are rich in cysteine residues many of which are arranged in the cysteine-Xaa-cysteine (Xaa is not a cysteine) motifs characteristic of metallothionein. The greatest degree of sequence conservation between these predicted gene products occurs within the cysteine rich domains. Two principal (most highly represented in the available sample) categories of sequence were identified on the basis of the arrangement of the cysteine residues within the amino termina domain. A secondary structure motif (β-strand) was predicted (using a computer algorithm) to occur in a conserved position in the central domain linking the two cysteine rich domains of these predicted proteins. This feature is not apparent in the structure of metallothioneins from other species. A recombinant GST-PsMT(_A) fusion protein was isolated from crude lysates of Escherichia coli. containing the plasmid pGEX3X with PsMT(_A) coding sequence. When isolated from Escherichia coli cells grown in zinc supplemented media it was demonstrated that zinc was associated with the PsMT(_A) moiety of the fusion protein. In aqueous solution the PsMT(_A) moiety of the fusion protein formed discreet degradation products. The fusion protein was insoluble at concentrations greater than 20 mg ml(^-1) which rendered it unsuitable for a structural study of the putative metal binding site(s) by (^113)Cd NMR. An antibody to the GST- PsMT(_A) fusion protein was characterised and the epitope was found to lie within the GST moiety. Comparison of the arrangement of cysteines in the amino terminal domains with the different domains of mammalian metallothionein suggested that the two principal categories of predicted plant metallothionein- like gene products may have different affinities for zinc. The predicted products of the metallothionein-like gene highly expressed in the leaves of Arabidopsis thali ana (AtMT-t2) and the PsMT(_A) gene are representative of the two principal categories identified by sequence analysis. The AtMT-t2 coding sequence was amplified from an Arabidopsis thaliana leaf cDNA library and cloned into the pGEX3X plasmid to allow expression of the protein as a fusion to GST in Escherichia coli. Zinc was associated with the AtMT-t2 moiety of the fusion protein. The pH of 50 % displacement for the GST-AtMT-t2 fusion protein with respect to zinc was 0.25 pH units lower than that for the GST-PsMT(_A) fusion protein indicating that putative metallothionein-like protein from Arabidopsis thaliana may have a higher affinity for zinc. It is feasible that this difference allows AtMT-t2 to compete with endogenous ligands of zinc more effectively than PsMT(_A). Expression of the AtMT-t2 gene in a zinc metallothionein deficient strain of Synechococcus (in collaboration with Dr. J.S. Turner) partially restored zinc tolerance to the transformed cells. The similarity of the cysteine rich domains of the predicted metallothionein-like proteins with metallothionein and the demonstration of metal binding in vitro suggested that these genes may be metal regulated. The effect of variations in the exogenous concentration of the trace metals copper zinc and iron on the expression of the PsMT(_A) gene in the roots of Pisum sativum seedlings was investigated by northern analysis. Induction of PsMT(_A) expression was seen with increasing iron concentrations up to 2.0 µM iron chelate. At this concentration of iron chelate, and above, expression of PsMT(_A), decreased. At concentrations of copper above 100 nM induction of PsMT(_A) expression was seen. Below 100 nM copper PsMT(_A) expression increased with decreasing copper concentrations. This response has not been reported for metallothioneins from other species and may be significant for the role of PsMT(_A) in root tissue. In the presence of 2.0 µM iron zinc concentrations above 5.0 µM induced expression of PsMT(_A). The response to changes in exogenous metal concentrations was rapid. Complete repression of PsMT(_A) transcription occurred within 1 h of transfer to media supplemented with 2.0 µM iron. To date no translational products of plant metallothionein-like genes (excluding the E(_c) protein from Tritticum aestivum) have been identified in plant tissue. Two copper and one zinc complex were identified following ion exchange chromatography of soluble extracts from roots of Pisum sativum. The quantity' of the zinc complex eluted from the matrix was reduced by the addition of iron chelate to the growth media. There was no consistent change in the quantity of copper complex recovered in response to iron. Two copper and one zinc component of low molecular weight were identified following gel filtration chromatography of the above complexes. Following polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of extracts from roots of Pisum sativum, labelled in vivo with (^35)S cysteine, a band was identified with the characteristics predicted for the product of the PsMT(_A) gene. On two dimensional polyacrylamide gels a doublet of spots was identified (migrating to a low pH as predicted for PsMT(_A)) in an extract from roots of seedlings grown in media not supplemented with iron which were not observed on gels of extracts from seedlings grown in media supplemented with iron. The identity of these polypeptides was not established by sequence analysis.

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Parviainen, Emmi. "Psst, Wish Me Luck : Speculating Whispering as an Interaction Modethrough Design Fiction." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-258801.

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The voice technology today is limited to explicit interaction and does not take advantage of the connotation of voice modalities. Research has shown that it is possible to sense emotions and feelings as well as the context of information based on the tone of voice. Building on existing theory and Research through Design, this thesis aims to speculate the use of whispering in human-computer interaction. It also discusses how this might lead to a more preferred future or cause tensions within addictive technology and the politics of voice assistants. The results argue that whispering has an impact on the relationship and trust between a human and a machine and that it could be used as an active interaction mode with voice assistants. Further research is needed to identify the effect of whispering on different users and the influence of different voice modalities.
Röstteknologin idag är begränsad till explicit interaktion och utnyttjar inte konnotationen av röstmodaliteter. Forskning har visat att det är möjligt att identifiera känslor och sammanhang med information baserad på tonfallet. Med utgångspunkt i befintlig teori och Research through Design, syftar denna avhandling till att spekulera kring användningen av viskning i interaktion mellan människor och datorer. Det diskuteras hur detta kan leda till en mer gynnsam framtid alternativt orsaka konflikt inom beroendeframkallande teknik och röstassistenternas politik. Resultaten menar att viskning påverkar förhållandet och förtroendet mellan människa och maskin och att den kan användas som ett aktivt interaktionsläge hos röstassistenter. Ytterligare forskning behövs för att identifiera effekten av viskning på olika användare och påverkan av olika röstmodaliteter.

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Schwerin, Christine. "Pulsierende Signaltherapie (PST) ein komplementäres Verfahren zur Behandlung von craniomandibulären Dysfunktionen eine Doppelblinduntersuchung im Rahmen der Multicenterstudie zur Wirksamkeit von PST bei Kiefergelenkerkrankungen /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=965205541.

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Wilson, Eric Daryl. "Assessing the relationships among PSAT and TAKS scores in selected Texas high schools." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969/1212.

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Arruda, Alexandre Matos. "Abdução clássica e abdução probabilística: a busca pela explicação de dados reais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45134/tde-20102015-170210/.

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A busca por explicações de fatos ou fenômenos é algo que sempre permeou o raciocínio humano. Desde a antiguidade, o ser humano costuma observar fatos e, de acordo com eles e o conhecimento presente, criar hipóteses que possam explicá-los. Um exemplo clássico é quando temos consulta médica e o médico, após verificar todos os sintomas, descobre qual é a doença e os meios de tratá-la. Essa construção de explicações, dado um conjunto de evidências que o indiquem, chamamos de \\textit{abdução}. A abdução tradicional para a lógica clássica estabelece que o dado meta não é derivado da base de conhecimento, ou seja, dada uma base de conhecimento $\\Gamma$ e um dado meta $A$ temos $\\Gamma ot \\vdash A$. Métodos clássicos de abdução buscam gerar um novo dado $H$ que, juntamente com uma base de conhecimento $\\Gamma$, possamos inferir $A$ ($\\Gamma \\cup H \\vdash A$). Alguns métodos tradicionais utilizam o tableaux (como em \\cite) para a geração da fórmula $H$. Aqui, além de lidarmos com a abdução baseada em corte, através do KE-tableaux, que não necessita assumir que o dado meta não seja derivado da base de conhecimento, lidaremos também com a lógica probabilística, redescoberta por Nilsson, em \\cite, onde temos a atribuição de probabilidades a fórmulas. Dizemos que uma instância em lógica probabilística é consistente se existe uma distribuição probabilística consistente sobre as valorações. Determinar essa distribuição probabilística é que o chamamos de problema PSAT. O objetivo de nosso trabalho é definir e estabelecer o que é uma abdução em Lógica Probabilística (abdução em PSAT) e, além disso, fornecer métodos de abdução para PSAT: dada uma instância PSAT $\\left\\langle \\Gamma, \\Psi ightangle$ na forma normal atômica \\cite e uma fórmula $A$ tal que existe uma distribuição probabi bylística $\\pi$ que satisfaz $\\left\\langle \\Gamma, \\Psi ightangle$ e $\\pi(A) = 0$, cada método é capaz de gerar uma fórmula $H$ tal que $\\left\\langle \\Gamma \\cup H , \\Psi ightangle \\!\\!|\\!\\!\\!\\approx A$ onde $\\pi(A) > 0$ para toda distribuição $\\pi$ que satisfaça $\\left\\langle \\Gamma \\cup H , \\Psi ightangle$. Iremos também demonstrar que alguns dos métodos apresentados são corretos e completos na geração de fórmulas $H$ que satisfaçam as condições de abdução.
The search for explanations of facts or phenomena is something that has always permeated human reasoning. Since antiquity, the human being usually observes facts and, according to them and his knowledge, create hypotheses that can explain them. A classic example is when we have medical consultation and the doctor, after checking all the symptoms, discovers what is the disease and the ways to treat it. This construction of explanations, given a set of evidence, we call \\textit. In traditional abduction methods it is assumed that the goal data has not yet been explained, that is, given a background knowledge base $\\Gamma$ and a goal data $A$ we have $\\Gamma ot \\vdash A$. Classical methods want to generate a new datum $H$ in such way that with the background knowledge base $\\Gamma$, we can infer $A$ ($\\Gamma \\cup H \\vdash A$). Some traditional methods use the analytical tableaux (see \\cite) for the generation of $H$. Here we deal with a cut-based abduction, with the KE-tableaux, which do not need to assume that the goal data is not derived from the knowledge base, and, moreover, with probabilistic logic (PSAT), rediscovered in \\cite, where we have probabilistic assignments to logical formulas. A PSAT instance is consistent if there is a probabilistic distribution over the assignments. The aim of our work is to define and establish what is an abduction in Probabilistic Logic (abduction for PSAT) and, moreover, provide methods for PSAT abduction: given a PSAT instance $\\left\\langle \\Gamma, \\Psi ightangle$ in atomic normal form \\cite and a formula $A$ such that there is a probabilistic distribution $\\pi$ that satisfies $\\left\\langle \\Gamma, \\Psi ightangle$ and $\\pi(A)=0$, each method is able to generate a formula $H$ such that $\\left\\langle \\Gamma \\cup H , \\Psi ightangle \\!\\!|\\!\\!\\!\\approx A$ where $\\pi(A) > 0$ for all distribution $\\pi$ that satisfies $\\left\\langle \\Gamma \\cup H , \\Psi ightangle$. We demonstrated that some of the our methods, shown in this work, are correct and complete for the generation of $H$.

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Ribeiro, S?nia Regina de Mac?do. "Responsabilidade social: vis?es e perspectivas de empres?rios do segmento industrial do Rio Grande do Norte." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12109.

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The theme Corporate Social Responsibility is relatively recent both in the academic field and in the business practice. Because of the lack of socialization of experiences and precision of concepts, there are gaps regarding the understanding of the subject and, also, how to conduct operations. This study just seeks to investigate such matter, focusing applications of social responsibility in business. It takes, as empirical field, winners of the PSQT - SESI Prize of Quality at Work in Rio Grande do Norte (2002-2007) in order to systematize the various approaches on the issue, aiming to reveal subjective visions and perspectives of the theme. It is characterized as a qualitative study, carried out by structured interview. The universe was composed by 15 companies. It was used analysis of content categorical as an axis for the interpretation of the information. Three approaches guided the analysis: Business Ethics, (normative); Business & Society (contractual); Social Issues Management (strategic). The findings are related in three ways: 1) reasons for the CSR practice; 2) the results obtained; 3) the means of CSR. It was found that the award participation occurs, mostly, linked to SESI invitations, so, as an articulated movement of industrial corporations in Brazil it occurs, also, because of the organizational commitment with the society and the possibility of internal and social growths and because of the importance attributed to the report as an instrument of consultancy. There are no indicators to check impacts of organizational interventions, in spite of the existence of planning for the actions. Social responsibility appears as a tool to reinforce the organizational image and to increase satisfaction of the employees. There is a tendency of large and medium firms to a contractual commitment while the small and the micros firms are on strategic or normative level. The analysis of the perspectives of social responsibility future revealed trends towards for strategic approach
O tema Responsabilidade Social Empresarial (RSE) ? relativamente recente no meio acad?mico nacional e no mundo dos neg?cios como pr?tica de gest?o. Pela car?ncia de socializa??o de experi?ncias e de clareza de conceitos, ocorrem desvios no entendimento do tema e na condu??o das interven??es. Procurou-se averiguar, nesta pesquisa, aplica??es da Responsabilidade Social como construto nas empresas ganhadoras do PSQT Pr?mio SESI de Qualidade no Trabalho no Rio Grande do Norte (2002-2007), objetivando compreender o conceito de Responsabilidade Social, no cotidiano organizacional, tomando como refer?ncia concep??es subjetivas de gestores e empres?rios. Caracterizou-se por uma abordagem qualitativa de car?ter descritivo, realizada atrav?s de entrevistas estruturadas numa amostra de 10 empresas em um universo composto por 15 empresas. Utilizou-se da an?lise de conte?do categorial, tendo como eixo para a interpreta??o dos dados as escolas de pensamento: Business Ethics (normativa); Business & Society (contratual); e Social Issues Management (estrat?gica). Os resultados obtidos foram relacionados (1) aos motivos, (2) aos resultados da participa??o no PSQT e (3) ao significado da Responsabilidade Social e sua aplicabilidade. Foi encontrado que o incentivo ? participa??o no PSQT ocorre, com maior freq??ncia, vinculado a convites do SESI, como um movimento articulado de corpora??es industriais no Brasil. Constatou-se que a participa??o ? motivada pelo compromisso com o p?blico interno e pelo incentivo ao compromisso social. ? considerado como uma consultoria e importante ferramenta de gest?o, utilizado para melhoria do desempenho da organiza??o. N?o existem indicadores para verifica??o de impactos no resultado da empresa, apesar de haver planejamento para as a??es. A Responsabilidade Social ? evidenciada como fortalecimento da imagem e satisfa??o do p?blico interno. Na categoriza??o, h? uma tend?ncia das grandes e m?dias empresas para a abordagem contratual; as pequenas e micros para a abordagem estrat?gica e normativa. A an?lise da perspectiva de futuro da Responsabilidade Social apresentou-se como maior tend?ncia para a abordagem estrat?gica

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de, Andrade Pereira Arley. "Comportamento da albacora laje Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788) no Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2007. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/8790.

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A albacora laje (Thunnus albacares) é uma das principais espécies de atuns capturadas no Atlântico tropical. Para a frota atuneira brasileira que opera no Atlântico oeste tropical, esta espécie é um dos principais recursos pesqueiros explorados, principalmente após o descobrimento como zona de pesca, em 1988, do Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo (ASPSP 0o56 N/29º26 W), em conseqüência da elevada concentração da espécie nesta área, principalmente no primeiro e quarto trimestres do ano. Entretanto, pouco se conhece sobre os padrões de distribuição horizontal e vertical da albacora laje durante sua permanência nas adjacências do ASPSP, assim como sobre as influências das condições oceanográficas, principalmente da temperatura da água, na distribuição espaço-temporal de pequena escala efetuada pela espécie. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal estudar o comportamento da albacora laje através de experimentos de marcação (marcas eletrônicas Pop-up Satellite Archival Tag e telemetria acústica), os quais permitiram obter informações inéditas sobre os deslocamentos circadianos efetuados pela espécie. Os resultados obtidos com exemplares de 85, 120 e 141 cm de Comprimento Furcal (CF) marcados no ASPSP, mostraram que a espécie apresenta comportamentos similares para os diferentes tamanhos estudados. A albacora laje de 120cm, marcada com marcas PSAT, manteve-se na camada homogênea das 02:00h às 07:00h (profundidades < 50m e temperaturas > 26,0oC), descendo para águas mais profundas a partir deste horário. O exemplar de 141 cm apresentou o mesmo comportamento, nadando em águas superficiais da camada homogênea das 00:00h às 06:00h, mergulhando para águas mais profundas, na camada inicial da termoclina, com temperaturas em torno de 24,0oC, a partir deste horário e voltando a ocupar a camada superficial ao anoitecer, após as 18:00h. Entretanto, em duas ocasiões, estes dois exemplares realizaram mergulhos bastante profundos, em águas muito frias, raramente observados para espécie, mesmo por um curto período de tempo. A albacora laje de 120 cm desceu a 488 m, onde a temperatura da água foi de 7,3oC. Um outro exemplar, com 141 cm atingiu a profundidade de 408 m, onde a temperatura foi de 8,3oC. Este mesmo tipo de comportamento circadiano foi observado no exemplar marcado através da telemetria acústica, incluindo os rápidos mergulhos a grandes profundidades (969m) e temperatura de 4,3°C. No que se refere às distancias do ASPSP, aparentemente a albacora laje concentra-se nas suas proximidades à noite, para se alimentar do peixe voador (Cypselurus cyanopterus) na superfície, afastando-se provavelmente para águas mais profundas durante o dia. No período noturno foi possível observar a permanência de um exemplar de albacora laje (~85cm de CF) em um raio de cerca de 2mn do ASPSP por duas noites consecutivas. Espera-se que os resultados aqui apresentados contribuam para o desenvolvimento de uma pesca sustentável desse importante recurso pesqueiro, no entorno do ASPSP

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Thureen, Dean Richard. "The complete nucleotide sequence and characterization of the Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (PsHV-1) genome." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 129 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=1251898411&Fmt=7&clientId=79356&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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McKelvey, Susan P. "The Relationship Between the Virginia Standards of Learning Tests and the New PSAT/NMSQT." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/739.

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This study examined the relationships between the SOL End-of-Course Reading and Writing tests and the new PSAT/NMSQT Verbal and Writing tests. The PSAT/NMSQT Writing tests were administered for the first time in October 2004. Two linear regression analyses were utilized, with PSAT/NMSQT Verbal and writing scores, gender, race, and special education as the independent variables, and SOL End-of-Course Reading and Writing scores as the dependent variables. Additionally, two logistic regression analyses were employed with the same variables to predict whether or not a student would pass the SOL End-of-Course Reading and Writing tests. Results indicated that the PSAT/NMSQT Verbal and Writing scores accounted for the bulk of the variance in the SOL Reading and Writing scores. Special education students were predicted to have much lower scores than their non-special education counterparts. Gender and race contributed the least to the regression analyses. With the emphasis on scientifically-based research, this study could be utilized to develop remediation programs for students predicted to fail the SOL tests. Further research is warranted using additional variables, such as GPA, socio-economic status, and a wider variety of race.

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Mondeikienė, Jūratė. "AB “Panevėžio statybos trestas" įvaizdžio gerinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080828_093617-63293.

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Svarbiausias šio darbo uždavinys yra susisteminti užsienio literatūrą apie įvaizdį, remiantis ja sudaryti įvaizdžio dedamųjų ir elementų schemą, o atlikus tyrimą parengti AB „Panevėžio statybos trestas“ įvaizdžio gerinimo priemones Apžvelgus daugelį lieteratūros šaltinių apie marketingą, galime teigti, kad nėra vieningos teorijos apie įvaizdį ir jį formuojančius elementus. Šiame darbe buvo sudaryta atskira įvaizdžio dedamųjų schema tinkanti nagrinėjamai organizacijai. Pagrindiniai įvaizdžio elementai yra tokie kaip reklama, viešieji ryšiai,organizacijos stilius, vidinė komunikacija. Tyrimo tikslas yra sužinoti klientų, potencialių klientų bei darbuotojų nuomonę, atlikti žiniasklaidos, bei visų elementų analizę ir atskleisti PST realųjį įvaizdį. Remiantis analize suprojektuoti organizacijos įvaizdį, parengti priemonių ir darbų vykdymo planą bei sudaryti biudžetą.
The main piont of this work is to concentrate and systematize foreign literature about the image formation element, to perceive problems that have arisen from opinions and impressions, to prepare the image‘s components scheme. After the review of books about marketing, auhor can say that here no unifies theory of the image and it formation elements. We have preared a scheme of elements for company image. The object of the research is to get public opinion about the PST company real image. The metchods of this analysis are the review of literature sociology research – interview, analysis of all company image‘s elements.

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Pialot, Olivier. "L'approche PST comme outil de rationalisation de la démarche de conception innovante." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00429656.

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Le sujet traité concerne le processus d'innovation, si important aujourd'hui pour la compétitivité des entreprises. Après une relecture des travaux de la littérature sur la conception pour innover, les travaux de thèse se centrent précisément sur les prises méthodologiques du processus de conception en innovation. D'abord, après une précision sur la définition du livrable de ce processus, nommée innovation potentielle, sont identifiés deux indicateurs de résultat relatifs au potentiel de nouvelle proposition de valeur et à la faisabilité technologique ainsi que l'intérêt majeur de considérer un raisonnement de conception exploratoire. Pour pouvoir initier ce dernier, par l'énoncé d'une nouvelle intention, le modèle "multi-entrées" PST propose au travers des trois dimensions, Potentiel (P) - Système (S) - Techno (T), de nombreux angles d'attaque possibles. Ensuite, la thèse s'attache à préciser plus particulièrement le raisonnement de conception exploratoire en le présentant comme un jeu de questions "logique" au travers là aussi des trois dimensions P, S et T (modèle "multi-questions" PST). Le rôle majeur de l'activité de modélisation dans ce type de raisonnement (PST) et plus globalement en innovation est alors mis en exergue. Enfin, il est montré comment exploiter et affiner les résultats d'un raisonnement PST pour obtenir un livrable de conception satisfaisant au mieux les indicateurs de résultat identifiés, d'abord en utilisant des outils de comparaison permettant de préciser la définition de l'objet à concevoir tant en termes d'objectifs à satisfaire que de caractéristiques de solution, et ensuite en présentant différentes voies amenant à améliorer la nouvelle proposition de valeur du produit, afin que l'innovation potentielle devienne réelle. Les travaux se concluent sur leur apport (prises méthodologiques) dans la pratique de la conception pour innover et sur des perspectives portant sur l'intérêt d'un outil logiciel et sur la forme de l'organisation supportant le processus proposé.

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Munevar, Nicolas Federico Villamil. "Análise do metabolismo de polifosfato e do operon pst em Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42132/tde-10122015-101302/.

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O operon pst de P. aeruginosa codifica um transportador de fosfato de alta afinida-de e também a proteína PhoU que, em conjunto, atuam como repressores da ex-pressão do regulon Pho dessa espécie. A atividade de PhoU está também associada ao metabolismo de polifosfato (poliP), dado que mutantes phoU nulos apresentam um vasto acúmulo do biopolímero. Ensaios de β-galactosidase mostraram uma alteração na expressão dos genes ppk e ppx, envolvidos no metabolismo de poliP, no mutante phoU. Observou-se que na cepa selvagem, a transcrição de ppk e de ppx não responde às limitações de Pi ou de nitrogênio, sendo esses genes altamente expressos em condições normais de crescimento. Além disso, determinou-se que ppk é co-transcrito com o gene hemB, os quais formam, portanto, um operon. O operon pst também foi analisado. Foi identificado por ensaios de northern blot o transcrito do primeiro gene do operon, pstS, que codifica uma proteína periplasmática. Também, foi identificado um promotor imediatamente a montante de phoU, o gene mais distal do operon, que permitiria sua expressão em condições normais do crescimento bacteriano. Por fim, determinou-se por ensaios de EMSA que as duas sequências consenso Pho box presentes no operon pst são completamente funcionais.
The pst operon in P. aeruginosa encodes a high-affinity phosphate transporter and the PhoU protein, which together act as repressors of Pho regulon of this species. The PhoU activity is also related with polyphosphate (polyP) metabolism, since phoU null mutants have a large accumulation of the biopolymer. β-galactosidase assays allowed to confirm a change in the expression of ppk and ppx genes, in-volved in PolyP metabolism, in the phoU mutant. It was also evidenced that in the wild type strain, the ppk and ppx transcription does not respond to Pi or nitrogen starvation, and that these genes are highly expressed under conditions of normal growth. In addition, it was determined that ppk is co-transcribed with hemB, a gene involved in the synthesis of porphyrins, and they constitute therefore an operon. The pst operon was also examined. Was identified by northern blot the transcript of the first gene in the operon, pstS, which encodes a periplasmic protein. Also, a promoter was identified immediately upstream of phoU, the most distal gene in the operon, allowing its expression in normal conditions of bacterial growth. Finally, it was determined by EMSA that the two consensus sequences Pho box present in the pst operon are fully functional.

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Bousquet, Michel. "Etude immunopharmacologique de deux polysaccharides bêta 1-3, bêta 1-6 le PSAT et le scléroglucane /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376122269.

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Ferreira, Gislene Cristiane de Lima. "Análise da estabilidade de sistemas de potência via ATP e comparação dos resultados com o PSAT." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2012. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/14547.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This study had as main objective to perform the modeling and analysis of transient stability of a typical electric power system. The second goal, also important, was to assess the feasibility of using ATP (Alternative Transients Program) as a computer tool for simulation of transient stability. The system focused here is comprised of nine busses with three generators, one hydraulic and the other two with thermal characteristics. All the system machines were equipped with voltage regulators and speed governor in ATP software. The technical issues studied here refer to the analysis of system stability after a disturbance, such as: three-phase short-circuit, load loss and generation outage. The results show that ATP software performs satisfactorily the transient stability analysis. This fact can also be proved by comparing the results obtained from ATP with those from simulations with PSAT (Power System Analysis Toolbox). For this purpose some adjustments were necessary in the graphical results since ATP works in time domain while PSAT program operates in the frequency domain.
Este trabalho teve como principal objetivo realizar a modelagem e a análise da estabilidade transitória de um sistema elétrico de potência típico. O segundo objetivo, também importante, consistiu em avaliar a viabilidade de se utilizar o ATP (Alternative Transients Program) como uma ferramenta computacional para simulação de estabilidade transitória. O sistema aqui enfocado é composto por nove barramentos com três unidades geradoras, uma com característica hidráulica e as outras duas com características térmicas. Todas as máquinas do sistema foram equipadas com reguladores de tensão e velocidade no programa ATP. As questões técnicas estudadas aqui se referem à análise da estabilidade do sistema após uma perturbação, sendo elas: falta trifásica, perda de carga e saída de geração. Os resultados mostram que o software ATP realiza satisfatoriamente a análise de estabilidade transitória. Este fato pode também ser comprovado pela comparação dos resultados obtidos com o ATP com aqueles provenientes de simulações com o PSAT (Power System Analysis Toolbox). Para este propósito foi necessário realizar alguns ajustes nos resultados gráficos já que ATP trabalha no domínio do tempo enquanto que o programa PSAT opera no domínio da frequência, tais como: transformação de alguns gráficos fornecidos pelo ATP em pu.
Mestre em Ciências

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Bousquet, Michel. "Etude immunopharmacologique de deux polysaccharides [Beta] 1-3, [Beta] 1-6 : le PSAT et le scleroglucane." Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT006G.

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22

Mariniere, Judith. "Amélioration des modèles prédictifs de séismes pour le PSHA grâce aux données géodésiques : application en Equateur." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALU019.

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L'évaluation probabiliste de l’aléa sismique (PSHA) s'appuie sur des modèles de prédictions sismiques long terme et des modèles de mouvements du sol. Jusqu'à présent, les données géodésiques sont restées sous-utilisées dans le cadre du PSHA, bien qu'elles fournissent des informations uniques et sans précédent sur les taux de déformation des structures tectoniques, de l'échelle locale à l'échelle régionale. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'améliorer les modèles de récurrence des séismes en incluant quantitativement les informations dérivées des mesures géodésiques, avec une application à l'Équateur, un pays exposé à la fois aux séismes de faible profondeur de la croûte terrestre et aux mégathrusts de la zone de subduction. Le deuxième chapitre présente la construction d'un modèle probabiliste d'aléa sismique pour l'Équateur, en utilisant la sismicité historique et récente, les connaissances actuelles sur la tectonique active, la géodynamique et la géodésie. J'ai contribué à cet effort collectif de deux manières : 1) la création de catalogues sismiques à partir d'ensembles de données sismiques mondiales ; 2) l'établissement de taux de glissement moyens sur un ensemble de failles crustales simplifiées, à partir des vitesses GPS. Les calculs d'aléas effectués à l'échelle du pays indiquent que les incertitudes sont plus grandes pour les sites de la côte nord et le long des failles de la Cordillère. Le troisième chapitre de cette thèse se concentre sur la détermination du potentiel sismique du système de failles de Quito. La ville de Quito est traversée par une faille inverse de ∼60-km de long, représentant un risque important en raison de la forte densité de population. Nous contraignons l'accumulation actuelle des contraintes associées au système de failles avec les données GPS et l'analyse du radar à ouverture synthétique (PS-InSAR). Les modèles de blocage variables dans l'espace en 3D montrent qu'une grande partie de la faille subit actuellement un glissement à faible profondeur, réduisant ainsi l'énergie disponible pour les futurs séismes, ce qui a un impact significatif sur les calculs d'aléa. Dans le dernier chapitre de cette thèse, nous évaluons la capacité des données géodésiques à contraindre les modèles de récurrence des séismes pour la zone de subduction dans le nord de l'Équateur. À l'aide de modèles de couplage intersismique, nous mesurons le taux annuel d'accumulation du déficit de moment sur l'interface et identifions les incertitudes liées à la conversion en termes de relâchement du moment sismique total. Sur la base d'un catalogue de séismes nouvellement développé, nous proposons d'établir des modèles de récurrence qui correspondent à la fois aux taux de sismicité basés sur le catalogue et au budget du moment géodésique. Nous établissons un arbre logique pour explorer les incertitudes sur les taux de sismicité et sur le budget du moment géodésique à libérer lors des séismes. L'exploration de l'arbre logique conduit à une distribution des magnitudes maximales Mmax possibles délimitant le modèle de récurrence des séismes ; nous n'extrayons que les modèles qui fournissent des Mmax compatibles avec la longueur du segment interface. Cette nouvelle méthode permet 1) d'identifier quelle forme de modèle de récurrence est adaptée à la subduction équatorienne ; 2) de générer une distribution de modèles de récurrence équilibrés en termes de moments représentatifs des incertitudes et de propager cette incertitude jusqu'aux spectres à risque uniforme (UHS) ; et 3) d'évaluer une gamme de valeurs pour la composante sismique du glissement sur l'interface. Compte tenu de la disponibilité récente d'une quantité massive de données géodésiques, cette nouvelle approche pourrait être utilisée dans d'autres régions du monde pour développer des modèles de récurrence cohérents à la fois avec la sismicité passée et la déformation tectonique mesurée
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA) relies on long-term earthquake forecasts, and ground-motion models. Up to now, geodetic data has been rather under-used in PSHA, although it provides unique and unprecedented information on the deformation rates of tectonic structures from local to regional scales. The aim of this PhD thesis is to improve earthquake recurrence models by quantitatively including the information derived from geodetic measurements, with an application to Ecuador, a country exposed both to shallow crustal earthquakes and megathrust subduction events. The second chapter presents the building of a probabilistic seismic hazard model for Ecuador, using historical and contemporary seismicity, recent knowledges about active tectonics, geodynamics, and geodesy. I contributed to this collective effort in two ways: 1) the building of earthquake catalogs from global seismic datasets; 2) the establishment of average slip rates on a set of simplified crustal faults, from GPS velocities. The hazard calculations led at the country scale indicate that uncertainties are largest for sites on the northern coast and along the faults in the Cordillera. The second chapter of this PhD focuses on the determination of the seismic potential of the Quito fault system. Quito city lies on the hanging wall of this ∼60-km-long reverse active fault, representing significant risks due to the high population density. We constrain the present-day strain accumulation associated with the fault system with GPS data and Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR) analysis. 3-D spatially variable locking models show that a large part of the fault is presently experiencing shallow creep, hence reducing the energy available for future earthquakes, which has a significant impact for hazard calculation. In the third part of this PhD, we evaluate the ability of geodetic data to constrain earthquake recurrence models for the subduction zone in northern Ecuador. We quantify the annual rate of moment deficit accumulation at the interface using interseismic coupling models, and identify the uncertainties related to the conversion in terms of total seismic moment release. Based on a newly-developed earthquake catalog, we propose to establish recurrence models that match both the catalog-based seismicity rates and the geodetic moment budget. We set up a logic tree for exploring the uncertainties on the seismic rates and on the geodetic moment budget to be released in earthquakes. The exploration of the logic tree leads to a distribution of possible maximal magnitudes Mmax bounding the earthquake recurrence model; we extract only those models that lead to Mmax values compatible with the extent of the interface segment according to earthquake scaling laws. This new method allows 1) to identify which magnitude-frequency form is adapted for the Ecuadorian subduction; 2) to generate a distribution of moment-balanced recurrence models representative of uncertainties and propagate this uncertainty up to the uniform hazard spectra; and 3) to evaluate a range for the aseismic component of the slip on the interface. Considering the recent availability of massive quantity of geodetic data, this new approach could be used in other regions of the world to develop recurrence models consistent both with past seismicity and measured tectonic deformation

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VÉRAS, Dráusio Pinheiro. "Pesca e Historia Natural da Raia-roxa, Pteroplatytrygon violacea (Bonaparte, 1832), No Atlântico Ocidental." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2012. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/12176.

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CNPq
A raia-roxa, Pteroplatytrygon violacea (Bonaparte, 1832), é a única espécie da família Dasyatidae no ambiente pelágico. O objetivo geral do presente trabalho consistiu em agregar informações sobre a espécie, principalmente no que se refere a sua pesca, seu hábito alimentar, aspectos reprodutivos, distribuição, abundância relativa e preferências de uso do habitat no Oceano Atlântico Ocidental. Para determinar seu hábito alimentar, os estômagos de 106 espécimes foram analisados (69 machos, 26 fêmeas e 11 sem informação de sexo). A importância de cada item alimentar na dieta foi obtida pelo Índice de Importância Relativa (IIR). Foram observados teleósteos, cefalópodes, crustáceos e outras presas que incluíam tunicados, pterópodes e heterópodas. As observações sugerem que a P. violacea altera seus itens alimentares de acordo com sua localização geográfica e também mostra como a espécie, apesar de pertencer à família Dasyatidae, é adaptada ao ambiente pelágico. Os hábitos reprodutivos desta espécie são pouco conhecidos. Estudamos a sua biologia reprodutiva, examinando um total de 480 espécimes, 188 fêmeas (39,2%) e 292 machos (60,8%), e proporção sexual de 1,5 macho: 1 fêmea, capturados na pesca de espinhel comercial entre outubro de 2005 e março de 2010. Tamanhos, medidos pela largura do disco (LD), variaram de 28,0-66,0 cm para fêmeas e de 34,0-59,6cm para os machos. Fêmeas foram classificadas como juvenil (n = 42; 22,7%); em maturação (n = 67; 36,2%); pré-ovulatória (n = 28; 15,1%); prenhe estágio 1 (n = 17; 9,2%); prenhe estágio 2 (n = 13; 7,0%); prenhe estágio 3 (n = 2; 1,1%); pós-parto (n = 6; 3,2%) e repouso (n = 10; 5,4%). Fêmeas grávidas em estágios 1-3 (n =32, 17,3%) variaram entre 48,0-60,0cm LD. O tamanho da primeira maturação sexual foi estimado em 50,0cm LD para fêmeas e 42,0cm CD para os machos. A fecundidade do ovário, considerando-se apenas folículos maiores do que> 0,5 cm de diâmetro, variou de 1-17 folículos/fêmea e a fecundidade uterina de embriões em fêmeas prenhes em estágios 2 e 3 variou 1-5 embriões/fêmea. A proporção sexual entre os embriões foi igual (0,9 machos: 1 fêmea) e o tamanho ao nascer foi próximo de 19,0cm LD. A sua distribuição e abundancia relativa foram determinados analisando os dados de captura e esforço de 6.886 lances de espinhel, distribuídos em uma ampla área do Atlântico Ocidental, variando de 15°N e 40°S de latitude e a partir de 010°E a 050°W de longitude, o esforço de pesca atingiu o máximo de 1.200.000 anzóis e a área com a maior concentração de esforço foi localizado entre 5°N-25°S de latitude e 020°-040°W de longitude. A distribuição espacial do esforço de pesca por trimestre mostrou semelhança no primeiro e segundo trimestres, quando comparado com o terceiro e quarto e mostraram duas áreas distintas, com maior esforço, uma localizada entre 5°N-5°S e 025°-040°W e a segunda entre 10°-25°S e 025°-040°W. A distribuição espacial da CPUE mostrou a ocorrência de duas áreas com altos índices de captura (7,8-18,0 raias/1000 anzóis), um mais ao norte, variando de 10°N-10°S a 030°-045°W e outra mais para o sudeste, variando de 20°-35°S a 040°-045°W. Os valores mais baixos de CPUE foram observados entre 10°-20°S e correspondente a 0,8-1,6 raias/1000 anzóis. A distribuição espacial da CPUE por trimestre mostrou capturas elevadas ocorrendo no primeiro (10°N-00° a 030°-045°W), terceiro (25°-35°S a 040°-045°W) e quarto (05°-10°S a 030°-035°W) trimestres. Na distribuição espacial de machos e fêmeas, nenhuma evidência foi encontrada de uma segregação espacial por sexo, os machos não apresentaram padrão de segregação por estágio de maturidade sexual, as fêmeas apresentaram um leve padrão de segregação dos estádios de maturação sexual. Os dados aqui apresentados mostram que os espécimes de P. violacea capturados no sudoeste do Atlântico equatorial são compostos em sua maioria (98,8% machos e as fêmeas 79,0%) de indivíduos adultos. No presente estudo, para observações do uso do habitat, foi utilizada uma marca eletrônica, Pop-up Archival Tag (PAT). Uma fêmea de raia-roxa, medindo 56,5cm e 48,0cm de largura (LD) e comprimento (CD) de disco respectivamente, capturada em 30 de abril de 2010 foi marcada com uma MiniPAT. O espécime não mostrou nenhum padrão definido de movimento horizontal, movendo-se em muitas direções diferentes em uma área entre 03°-09°N de latitude e 036°-040°W de longitude. Durante os 60 dias com a marca, a raia-roxa moveu-se cerca de 535 km, com um deslocamento diária estimado de 8,92 km. A raia-roxa gastou apenas 9,8% do tempo em águas rasas entre 0- 50m de profundidade, com temperaturas entre 23,4 e 28,7°C. Em águas abaixo de 50m, passou 90,2% do tempo, desses, 70% foram em águas abaixo de 75m de profundidade, em temperaturas variando entre 13,0 e 24,5°C. Além disso, durante a maior parte do monitoramento (53%), o espécime ficou em águas entre 100- 150m de profundidade, com. A temperatura mínima experimentada pela raia-roxa foi de 10,4°C, correspondendo a 387,5 e 428,0m de profundidades, a última coincidindo com a atividade de mergulho mais marcante da raia-roxa. As diferenças entre o dia e a noite e preferências de profundidade pode indicar padrão de movimento circadiano, ou seja, migram diariamente, geralmente até águas rasas durante a noite e águas profundas durante o dia.

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Oliveira, Inês P. F. "Synthesis of inhibitors of polysialyltransferases PST and STX. Development of routes to synthesis, preparation and purification of carbohydrate and carbacycle-based potential inhibitors of the polysialyltransferase enzymes PST and STX." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/13484.

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PolySialic acid (polySia) is a linear carbohydrate homopolymer of α- 2,8-linked sialic acids and a posttranslational modification of NCAM (neural cell adhesion molecule), biosynthesized by combined action of two polysialyltransferase enzymes, ST8SiaIV(PST) and ST8SiaII(STX). PolySia alters NCAM-dependent cell adhesion that is crucial for the CNS development. In adulthood, polySia expression is largely absent persisting only in areas of the brain associated with neuronal plasticity. Significantly, a number of malignant tumours re-express polySia and there is considerable evidence that its presence is related to higher malignancy, invasion and metastasis. The hypothesis underpinning this project is that inhibition of polySia biosynthesis will prevent (or reduce) tumour cell migration and invasion, thereby reducing the incidence of metastasis, which will lead to higher patient survival. The work reported in this thesis describes efforts towards the synthesis polysialyltransferase inhibitors that are structural analogues of CMP-Neu5Ac, the natural substrate. Specifically, development of methodology to synthesise building blocks suitable for conjugation as inhibitors is described. Quinic acid-based substrate analogues were explored, with a focus on development of chemistry to achieve substitution of C1-OH. Several protected quinic acid-based compounds were synthesized, and deoxygenation of the C1-OH through the use of a Barton-McCombie reaction was accomplished successfully, allowing an attempt to introduce different aliphatic groups at C1 position using the Mukayiama reaction. Synthesis of a cytidine building block, suitable for conjugation to either quinic acid or sialic acid is also reported. In parallel, studies towards the development of sialoside disulfide analogues are described, with novel conditions identified for their synthesis.

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Fhon, Nuñez Jaime Wilfredo. "Simulación del sistema eléctrico de potencia en 138 kV Chimbote Uno – Casma aplicando el programa PSAT Matlab." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/2099.

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En los últimos años los sistemas de potencia han crecido enormemente y geográficamente se han expandido aún más. Actualmente en nuestro país, la transmisión de energía eléctrica se efectúa mediante el Sistema Eléctrico Interconectado Nacional (SEIN) y los Sistemas Aislados (SS. AA.) , los cuales según el Anuario Estadístico de Electricidad del MINEM cada año aumentan además, las empresas de distribución de energía eléctrica cada año atienden a mayor cantidad de clientes tanto regulados como libres, por esta razón la planeación apropiada, la operación y el control de estos sistemas a gran escala, requieren técnicas computacionales avanzadas, como la programación de métodos numéricos. Los estudios de flujo de potencia son de gran importancia en la planeación y diseño de la expansión futura de los sistemas eléctricos de potencia, así como también en la determinación de las mejores condiciones de operación de los sistemas existentes. Las empresas usan softwares comerciales muy buenos con resultados claros y precisos, pero tienen un problema, todos ellos trabajan con código cerrado, sin embargo, cuando los estudiantes están formándose en la universidad, no todas tienen laboratorios que cuenten con estos softwares, una buena alternativa es usar PSAT la cual es una herramienta de código abierto basada en MATLAB para análisis y control de sistemas de potencia. Su característica es de ser de código abierto, por esta razón permite modificar sus rutinas, en caso de que se pretendan desarrollar métodos alternativos para analizar sistemas de potencia. Para propósitos académicos y de investigación es más importante la flexibilidad que la eficiencia, allí radica la importancia de contar con herramientas computacionales de código abierto dentro de los cuales se encuentra el software libre PSAT. Los resultados obtenidos en un caso real son muy similares al software comercial Dig-Silent.
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26

Gebhard, Susanne, and n/a. "The Phn and Pst systems of Mycobacterium smegmatis : phosphate transport and gene regulation." University of Otago. Department of Microbiology & Immunology, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070502.112113.

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Phosphate is an essential but often growth-limiting nutrient for bacteria. At low concentrations of phosphate in the growth medium, bacteria induce high-affinity uptake systems for phosphate, and this is usually the ABC-type phosphate specific transport system Pst. In the fully sequenced genomes of pathogenic species of mycobacteria, several copies of the genes encoding for the Pst system (pstSCAB) have been identified and some of these genes have been shown to be virulence factors. The reasons for the presence of multiple copies of pst genes in pathogenic mycobacteria are not understood, and phosphate transport by these bacteria, as well as the gene regulation involved, is poorly characterised. The fast-growing M. smegmatis contains only a single copy of the pst operon, but we recently identified a gene locus containing three genes, phnDCE, which encode for a putative ABC-type phosphate/phosphonate transport system, and a gene, phnF, which encodes for a putative transcriptional regulator of the HutC subfamily of GntR like regulators. To identify a function for the PhnDCE transport system and to characterise high-affinity phosphate transport in M. smegmatis, we created allelic exchange mutants in phnD and pstS, as well as a phnD pstS double deletion mutant. All three mutants failed to grow in minimal medium containing 10 mM phosphate, while the wildtype was able to grow in the presence of micromolar phosphate concentrations. No differences were observed in complex growth medium. Steady-state levels of [��P]-phosphate uptake were approximately 25% lower in all mutant strains as compared to the wildtype. Kinetics of phosphate uptake in the wildtype strain when grown at low phosphate concentrations (50 [mu]M P[i]) were biphasic, suggesting the presence of two inducible transport systems with apparent K[m] values of 16 [mu]M P[i] and 64 [mu]M P[i], respectively. Analysis of the kinetics of phosphate transport in the mutant strains led us to the proposition that the Pst system has an apparent Km value of ca. 16 [mu]M P[i], and the Phn system has an apparent Km of ca. 60 [mu]M P[i]. A third inducible phosphate transport system, which was active in the double mutant strain, had an apparent K[m] of ca. 90 [mu]M P[i]. Uptake of phosphate in all strains was not inhibited by the presence of excess phosphonates or phosphite, suggesting that all three transport systems were specific for phosphate. The study of phosphate transport in the presence of various metabolic inhibitors revealed that uptake by the Phn and Pst systems is driven by ATP-hydrolysis, consistent with ABC-type transport, while the third, unidentified transport system may be driven by the proton motive force. We showed that phnDCE formed an operon, and that the promoter area of the operon lies within 200 bp of the start of phnD. To investigate the regulation of the phn and pst genes, β-galacosidase activities of strains carrying transcriptional lacZ-fusions of the pstSCAB, phnDCE and phnF promoter areas, and levels of mRNA of the phn and pst genes were studied. All genes were induced when phosphate concentrations fell below a threshold value of 30 [mu]M, which coincided with a shift in the growth characteristics of M. smegmatis. Expression of the pst operon appeared to be controlled directly by the PhoPR two-component regulatory system, while the phn operon may be under direct or indirect control by PhoPR. To identify a role for PhnF in the regulation of phn gene expression, we created a phnF deletion mutant. PhnF appeared to repress transcription of phnDCE and phnF under phosphate-replete conditions. We identified two putative binding sequences for PhnF in the intergenic region between phnD and phnF with the sequence TGGTATAGACCA, which is similar to the proposed recognition consensus for HutC-like transcriptional regulators. Using site-directed mutagenesis of these sequences, we demonstrated that they are required for the repression of phnDCE and phnF. To prove PhnF binding to these potential binding sites, we attempted to express the M. smegmatis PhnF protein in E. coli, but could not obtain soluble recombinant protein. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays of the phnDCE promoter fragment using cell-free crude extracts of M. smegmatis were not successful. We propose that Pst and Phn both constitute high-affinity phosphate specific transport systems of M. smegmatis, and that a third inducible phosphate transport system is present in this bacterium. PhnF is required for repression of phnDCE and phnF transcription under phosphate-replete conditions, while induction of the pst operon, and possibly the phn operon, under phosphate-limited conditions involves the PhoPR system.

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SAMIR, FATIMA. "Synthese et caracterisation de nouveaux composites de polymere conducteur : polystyrene-polybithiophene (pst-pbth)." Nantes, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NANT2088.

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Ce memoire decrit la preparation de composites polystyrene-(fecl#3)-polybithiophene et polystyrene-(cu(clo#4)#2 6h#2o)-polybithiophene par synthese chimique en faisant agir une solution de l'oxydant sur des films minces reticules de polystyrene initialement charge en 2-2' bithiophene. Les variations experimentales de la conductivite electrique et du pouvoir thermoelectrique ont ete mesurees en fonction de la temperature entre 80 et 300 k. Afin de caracteriser la structure des composites pst-pbth independamment de l'ordre cristallin, une etude de volume et de surface a ete effectuee par microscopie electronique a balayage equipe d'une microsonde et par spectroscopies de photoelectrons x (xps), infrarouge, raman et mossbauer. Les analyses xps confirment la reduction de l'oxydant associee a la polymerisation du bithiophene et permettent de suivre le vieillissement de ces composites en faisant apparaitre en surface une tendance renforcee a l'oxydation. Les cliches pris au meb montrent une structure poreuse avec une dispersion peu homogene du dopant. L'etude theorique des proprietes de transport montre que, pour les echantillons fortement et moyennement dopes, les resultats experimentaux de la conductivite electrique peuvent etre interpretes sur la base d'un mecanisme de conduction par sauts entre amas bipolaroniques au sein des domaines de polythiophene conducteur. Dans le cas des composites faiblement dopes, la contribution d'un mecanisme de conduction par effet tunnel assiste thermiquement entre domaines conducteurs en contact a ete introduite pour mieux rendre compte des resultats experimentaux. Les variations experimentales du pouvoir thermoelectrique sont correctement decrites par une relation lineaire

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28

Aldama, Bustos Guillermo. "An exploratory study of parameter sensitivity, representation of results and extensions of PSHA : case study - United Arab Emirates." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/6161.

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Despite the wide use of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) for the evaluation of seismic hazard, some degree of confusion and misunderstanding exists regarding how the hazard calculations should be performed as well as how the hazard results should be interpreted. In this thesis, different aspects of PSHA that are commonly misunderstood, as well as some new developments, are investigated. To this end, a comprehensive case study PSHA for three cities in the United Arab Emirates is carried out. Previous publications present contradictory interpretations of the earthquake threat in this country, creating confusion regarding appropriate seismic design levels. The results of this PSHA confirm low hazard levels in most of the country (UBC97, Zone 0) that increase as one moves northwards (UBC97, Zone 1). Using the case study as a point of reference, the mechanics and implications of performing hazard disaggregation when using multiple ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) within a logic-tree framework are investigated. Logic-tree approaches receive significant attention as different ways of representing hazard results from logic trees are discussed as well as issues associated with the identification of hazard-dominating scenarios and how these may influence the definition of scenario spectra for the selection of ground-motion records for seismic design. The sensitivity of the hazard results to key parameters in PSHA such as: the minimum magnitude deemed to be of engineering significance; the activity parameters of seismic sources; the use of alternative GMPEs and the standard deviations associated with these models; and the allocation of weights to logic-tree branches is investigated. Furthermore, recently proposed alternatives to the specification of a minimum magnitude as the criteria for identifying non-damaging earthquakes are studied. Finally, correlations between the hazard results obtained in terms of spectral accelerations and hazard results in terms of peak ground velocity and spectral intensity are explored.

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Yang, Yunjeong. "Work in later life examining the impact of psot-retirement work on econmic wellbeing and social inclusion in Korea." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527325.

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Yepes, Arostegui Hugo Alfonso. "Estimation de l'aléa sismique probabiliste de l'Equateur : modèles d'entrée, applications et communication." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAU020/document.

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Dans l'histoire de l'Equateur, les séismes ont causé beaucoup de victimes (~60 000) et de nombreux autres problèmes. Les événements récents de la fin du XXe siècle ont mis en évidence que les constructions existantes présentent une vulnérabilité physique importante et que l'impact économique des tremblements de terre pourrait être très élevé. Le risque sismique a trois composantes principales : l'aléa, la vulnérabilité et l'exposition. Par conséquent, pour réduire le risque en Equateur, il est primordial d'effectuer des évaluations probabilistes de l'aléa sismique (PSHA).La première étape du développement du PSHA fut de construire un catalogue sismique dans lequel la sismicité historique et instrumentale est homogène et complète. Les données de sismicité instrumentale ont été rassemblées à partir des catalogues locaux et internationaux. Les événements ont été identifiés et, par l'utilisation d'un régime de hiérarchisation des endroits les plus fiables et des estimations de magnitude, les événements ont été regroupés dans un catalogue unique, unifié et homogénéisé. La sismicité historique réévaluée a ensuite été ajoutée. Le catalogue des séismes en Equateur entre 1587 et 2009 comprend ainsi 10 823 événements instrumentaux et 32 séismes historiques, avec une gamme de magnitude Mw de 3,0 à 8,8.Un modèle de zonage des sources sismiques (SSZ) a ensuite été effectué. Dans le cadre de cette modélisation, une nouvelle vision de la géodynamique de l'Équateur a été conçue. Deux aspects des interactions des plaques à l'échelle continentale permettent d'expliquer plusieurs caractéristiques observées dans la génération des tremblements de terre observés, comme l'essaim sismique d'El Puyo, ainsi que le couplage inter-sismique : les différences de rhéologie des plaques Nazca et Farallon et la convergence oblique provoquée par la forme convexe de la partie nord-ouest de la marge continentale sud-américaine. La paléomarge en extension Grijalva (GRM) marque la frontière entre les deux plaques. La sismicité et le couplage inter-sismique sont faibles et peu profonds au sud de la GRM et augmente vers le nord, avec un modèle de couplage hétérogène associé localement à la subduction de la ride de Carnegie. De grands séismes de décrochement ont rompu l'interface entre la ride de Carnegie et le nord. Au niveau continental, la frontière entre le bloc NA et le bloc stable Amérique du Sud est constituée par le système CCPP de failles. Il concentre la majorité de la libération du moment sismique dans la croûte Equateur. 19 SSZ ont été modélisées : une tranche-externe, trois interfaces, six intra-plaques et neuf croûtes.Le catalogue sismique et une version préliminaire du modèle SSZ ont été appliqués pour déterminer le PSH à Quito et évaluer les incertitudes. La ville est construite sur le toit d'un système de failles inverses actif, qui se déplace de 4,3 à 5,3 mm/an. Les PSH ont montré que la contribution de la SSZ locale explique presque entièrement l'aléa correspondant à une période de retour (PR) de 475 ans. L'analyse a donc été concentrée sur cette zone. La source locale, la géométrie de la SSZ, la modélisation des distributions de fréquence-magnitude et/ou de taux de glissement avec des pourcentages de verrouillage variables, la sélection des GMPEs et l'intégration de l'effet du compartiment chevauchant ont apporté des accélérations avec cette PR avec une variabilité importante. Le PGA moyen obtenu sur un site au rocher est ~0,4g avec cette PR, avec une variabilité de 0,3 à 0,73g.La mise à disposition du PSHA est cruciale pour la gestion des risques mais est compliquée, car les probabilités et les incertitudes ne sont pas facilement assimilées par la société. Suite aux pratiques des sciences sociales et les expériences acquises des alertes précoces d'éruption, une approche participative a été exposée pour construire collectivement des connaissances sur le risque de séisme à Quito, qui pourrait prendre la forme d'un observatoire citoyen
Seismic hazard and risk are high in Ecuador. Earthquakes are notorious in history both for the number of victims (~60.000) and the hardships they have brought. Moreover, late 20th century events have highlighted evidences that the physical vulnerability of present-day buildings is considerable and that the economic impact of earthquakes could be devastating for Ecuador's sustained growth. Therefore, it is an important contribution for reducing the seismic risk to construct methodologically sound models for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment, which is the main objective of this dissertation.The first step was to construct a seismic catalog for the country where historical and instrumental seismicity is homogeneous and complete. The instrumental seismicity available in local and international catalogs since the beginning of the 20th century was collected. Events were singularized and, by means of a prioritizing scheme of most reliable locations and magnitude estimations, individual events were merged in a single, unified and homogenized catalog. Previously re-evaluated historical seismicity was appended. The 1587–2009 Ecuadorian earthquake catalog finally comprises 10,823 instrumental events plus 32 historical earthquakes with a Mw magnitude range from 3.0 to 8.8.Next a seismic source zones (SSZ) model for probabilistic seismic hazard analysis was worked out. In the course of modeling the SSZ, a new view of Ecuador's complex geodynamics was conceived. This view emphasizes two aspects of the plates' interactions at continental scale: the differences in rheology of Farallon and Nazca plates and the convergence obliquity resulting from the convex shape of the South American northwestern continental margin. Both conditions satisfactorily explain several characteristics of the observed earthquake generation –such as the El Puyo seismic cluster– as well as the interseismic coupling. The Grijalva rifted margin (GRM) marks the boundary between the two plates. Seismicity and interseismic coupling are weak and shallow south of the GRM and increases northward, showing a heterogeneous coupling pattern locally associated to Carnegie ridge's subduction. Great thrust earthquakes have ruptured the interface from Carnegie to the north, not breaking through Carnegie. In the continental realm the CCPP localized fault system constitutes the boundary between the NA block and stable South America. It concentrates most of the seismic moment release in crustal Ecuador. 19 SSZs have been modeled accounting for this new scheme: 1 outer-trench, 3 interface, six intraplate and 9 crustal.The catalog and a preliminary version of the SSZ model were applied in determining the PSH in Quito and assessing the uncertainties. The city is built on the hanging wall of an active reverse fault system that is moving at 4.3-5.3 mm/yr. PSH estimates showed that hazard levels at 475 years return period (RT) almost entirely proceed from the contribution of the local SSZ, therefore the analysis was concentrated on it. Significant variability in accelerations at that RT resulted from a variety of considerations: modeling the local source either as a zone or as fault source, the geometry of the SSZ, the way frequency-magnitude distributions and/or slip rates with variable locking percentages were modeled, the GMPEs selection and the inclusion of the hanging wall effect. The PGA mean value obtained for a rock site Quito is ~0.4 g in that RT with variability ranging from 0.3 to 0.73g.PSHA communication is crucial for risk management, but is difficult since probabilities and uncertainties are not easily assimilated by society. Following the practices of the social sciences and of experiences acquired in issuing eruption early warnings to rural communities, a participatory approach has been outlined to collectively build up knowledge about the earthquake risk in Quito that could take the form of a citizens' observatory for seismic risk awareness and reduction

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Chávez, Meza Gabriela, Tuppia Gressia Miranda, Mijail Garvich, and Medina Mary Ann Monteagudo. "El perfil profesional que los PST buscan en los traductores en Perú: un estudio exploratorio." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/620961.

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El siguiente artículo contiene un estudio exploratorio sobre el mercado laboral de la traducción en Lima, Perú. Este estudio contiene un enfoque innovador cuyos objetivos principales son revelar las necesidades del mercado laboral de la traducción en Perú a través de un perfil ideal esbozado como producto de esta investigación, evaluar el nivel de satisfacción de los PST respecto a los profesionales que contratan, y ampliar la perspectiva de la disciplina de la traducción desde el marketing de servicios. El perfil profesional de un traductor está conformado por el conjunto de habilidades blandas, habilidades duras generales y habilidades duras específicas. En primer lugar, identificamos las habilidades más valoradas por los PST (proveedores de servicios de traducción) en una situación ideal y, luego, las contrastamos con las habilidades más importantes con las que cuentan los traductores que ellos contratan en la situación real. El estudio incluye una muestra de 30 PST seleccionados bajo criterios específicos rígidos. Estos proveedores proporcionaron información de primera mano que recolectamos por medio de una encuesta autoaplicada individual. Entre los datos más reveladores de este estudio tenemos que las habilidades más valoradas por los PST son las habilidades blandas y las habilidades duras específicas, y que respecto a estas últimas, no se cumplen las expectativas del mercado, pues en ningún caso la situación real superó a la situación ideal.
Tesis

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32

Nguyen, Van Phuong. "Plant and bacterial functions required for morphological bacteroid differentiation in the Aeschynomene-Bradyrhizobium model." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT158/document.

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Les légumineuses sont capables de développer des organes symbiotiques, les nodules, qui hébergent des bactéries du sol appelées rhizobia. Au sein des nodules les rhizobia intracellulaires se différencient en bactéroïdes capables de réduire l'azote atmosphérique en ammonium au bénéfice de la plante. En contrepartie, la plante alimente la bactérie en sources de carbone. Des études récentes sur le modèle symbiotique Medicago/Sinorhizobium ont montré dans les nodules la forte présence d'une grande diversité de peptides appelés NCR qui sont similaires aux peptides antimicrobiens (AMP) impliqués dans l'immunité innée. Ces NCR sont responsables du maintien de l'homéostasie entre les cellules hôtes et la forte population bactérienne qu'elles contiennent. Bien que certains NCR sont de vrais AMP, capable de tuer des bactéries in vitro, dans les nodules ils induisent plutôt une différenciation terminale caractérisée par une élongation cellulaire, une amplification du génome, une perméabilité membranaire et une perte des capacités de division de la bactérie. Néanmoins le mode d'action des NCR reste à élucider. Au cours de ma thèse j'ai participé à la caractérisation des processus de différenciation dans le modèle Aeschynomene, une légumineuse tropicale, Bradyrhizobium.Dans un premier temps, une nouvelle classe de NCR a été identifiée chez différentes espèces d'Aeschynomene. Ces NCR sont responsables de la différenciation des Bradyrhizobium via un processus similaire à celui décrit chez Medicago. Ces résultats suggèrent une évolution convergente des processus de différenciation chez les Dalbergioïdes (Aeschynomene) et le clade des IRLC (Medicago).Ensuite, pour identifier les fonctions bactériennes requises lors de la différenciation, j'ai criblé 53 mutants Tn5 d'Aeschynomene indica fix- . Huit gènes bactériens dont la mutation inhibe ou affecte le processus de différenciation ont été identifiés. Parmi eux, je me suis focalisé sur la DD-CPase une enzyme de modification du peptidoglycane et sur 2 gènes impliqués dans l'homéostasie du phosphate.La caractérisation du gène DD-CPase1 a permis de démontrer que le remodelage du peptidoglycane est requis pour une différenciation correcte des bactéroïdes chez les plantes hôtes qui produisent des NCR, en général, et chez Aeschynomene en particulier. Ces résultats suggèrent une interaction possible entre DD-CPase1 et des NCR conduisant à l'endoréplication des bactéroïdes.Enfin, j'ai étudié les propriétés physiologiques et symbiotiques des mutants pstC et pstB. Les mutants Tn5 des gènes pstC et pstB de la souche ORS285 de Bradyrhizobium sont sévèrement affectés par la carence en phosphate en culture pure et leurs propriétés symbiotiques (différenciation, réduction de l'azote) sont fortement réduites. Des analyses fonctionnelles plus approfondies de l'opéron Pst devraient permettre une meilleure compréhension du lien entre l'homéostasie du phosphate et l'efficience symbiotique dans l'interaction Aeschynomene-Bradyrhizobium.Mes travaux ont permis d'élargir nos connaissances sur l'évolution de la symbiose en montrant que le modus operandi impliquant des peptides dérivés de l'immunité innée utilisée par certaines légumineuses pour maintenir leur population bactérienne intracellulaire sous contrôle est plus répandue et ancienne qu'on ne le pensait et a été utilisée par l'évolution à plusieurs reprises. De plus différentes cibles bactériennes pouvant participer au processus de différenciation ont également été identifiées
The legume species are able to form symbiotic organs, the nodules, that house soil bacteria called rhizobia. Within these nodules intracellular rhizobia differentiate into bacteroids, which are able to reduce atmospheric dinitrogen to ammonium for the benefit of the plants. In counterpart, the plants provide carbon sources to the bacteria. Recent studies on symbiotic model Medicago-Sinorhizobium showed that the nodules of M. truncatula produce a massive diversity of peptides called NCRs, which are similar to antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of innate immune systems. These NCRs are responsible in maintaining the homeostasis between the host cells in the nodules and the large bacterial population they contain. Although many NCRs are genuine AMPs, which kill microbes in vitro, in nodule cells they do not kill the bacteria but induce them into the terminally differentiated bacteroids characterized by cell elongation, genome amplification, membrane permeability and loss of cell division capacity. However, the action mode of NCRs is still an open question. During my PhD thesis I focused on the identification of plant and bacterial functions required for bacteroid differentiation in the Aeschynomene-Bradyrhizobium model.Firstly, a new class of cysteine rich peptides (NCR-like) was identified in tropical aquatic legumes of the Aeschynomene genus, which belong to the Dalbergioid clade. These peptides govern terminal bacteroid differentiation of photosynthetic Bradyrhizobium spp. This mechanism is similar to the one previously described in Medicago suggesting that the endosymbiont differentiation in Dalbergioid and ILRC legumes is convergently evolved.Secondly, in order to identify the bacterial functions involved in bacteroid differentiation, I screened 53 fix- Tn5 mutants of the ORS278 strain on Aeschynomene indica. This screening allowed identify 8 bacterial genes, which inhibit or disorder the bacteroid differentiation. Among these identified genes, I focused on DD-CPase encoding a peptidoglycan-modifying enzyme and two genes pstC and pstB belonging to Pst-system.The characterization of DD-CPase gene demonstrated that the remodeling peptidoglycan enzyme, DD-CPase1, of Bradyrhizobium is required for normal bacteroid differentiation in host legumes that produce NCRs, in general, and in Aeschynomene spp., in particular. This prompts a possibility of direct interaction of DD-CPase1 with NCRs leading to endoreduplication of the bacteroids.Finally, I have investigated the physiological and symbiotic properties of different mutants of pstC and pstB genes. The Tn5 mutants of pstC and pstB genes of Bradyrhizobium sp. strain ORS278 severely affected symbiosis on A. indica and A. evenia. Further functional studies on pst-operon will provide deeper understanding the correlation between phosphate homeostasis and nitrogen fixation efficiency in Aeschynomene-Bradyrhizobium symbiosis.This study broadens our knowledge on the evolution of symbiosis by showing that the modus operandi involving peptides derived from innate immunity used by some legumes to keep their intracellular bacterial population under control is more widespread and ancient than previously thought and has been invented by evolution several times

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Norris, Robert Brooke. "Winter Annual Cover Crops Interseeded into Soybean in Eastern Virginia: Influence on Soil Nitrogen, Corn Yield, and In-Season Soil Nitrogen Tests." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51173.

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The diverse cropping system of eastern Virginia's coastal plain offers limited opportunity to establish winter annual cover crops (WCC) for nitrogen (N) scavenging. The winter fallow niche after double-crop or full-season soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) encompasses the majority of acres left fallow. Our objective was to evaluate interseeded WCC N scavenging performance following soybean and N supplying capacity to subsequent corn (Zea mays L.). Field studies were conducted at four different locations in each of the two study years. The experimental design was split plot with cereal rye, hairy vetch, and RV mix WCC as main plots and ten fertilizer nitrogen (FN) rates in a factorial arrangement (0 and 45 kg FN ha-1 as starter; and 0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg FN ha-1 at sidedress) to corn as subplots. The highest N uptake for cereal rye at winter dormancy was 18 kg N ha-1, but the average was 6-7 kg N ha-1. At WCC termination average N uptake for cereal rye was 35 and 40 kg N ha-1 in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Average biomass dry matter (DM) at WCC termination for cereal rye, cereal rye + hairy vetch mix (RV mix), and hairy vetch was 2356, 2000, and 1864 kg ha-1 in 2013; and 2055, 2701, and 692 kg ha-1 in 2014, respectively. Average cereal rye N uptake was 35 kg N ha-1 in 2013 and 40 kg N ha-1 in 2014. Significant differences for residual soil nitrogen were most apparent for soil nitrate (NO3-N) at lower depths (15-30 and 30-60 cm) during WCC termination and in the upper 0-15 cm during corn growth stage (GS) V4 of both years. Corn grain yield plateau following hairy vetch WCC was 0.7 and 0.6 Mg ha-1 higher than when following cereal rye WCC at zero and 45 kg ha-1 starter FN, respectively. Average agronomic optimum FN rates (AONR) were 26 and 9 kg ha-1 lower following hairy vetch than cereal rye WCC at zero and 45 kg ha-1 starter FN, respectively. Estimated hairy vetch FN reductions by FN replacement and AONR difference methods were 48 and 18 kg FN ha-1 in plots receiving zero starter FN; and 58 and -43 kg FN ha-1 in plots receiving 45 kg ha-1 starter FN. In-season soil N tests did not offer adequate information in order to predict sidedress FN reductions. These findings suggest that cereal rye and RV mix have the potential to scavenge and conserve residual soil N and hairy vetch is more than capable to supply PAN to subsequent corn when interseeded into soybean.
Master of Science

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34

Bentley, Fiona K., and n/a. "Investigation into the roles of the PsbL, PsbM, PsbT and Psb27 subunits of Photosystem II in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803." University of Otago. Department of Biochemistry, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080627.151048.

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The PsbL, PsbM and PsbT subunits of photosystem II (PSII) are single-helix membrane-spanning proteins found at the monomer-monomer interface that may stabilize the dimeric complex. This study has characterised strains of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 where psbL, psbM and psbT have been interrupted by the insertion of antibiotic-resistance cassettes. The [Delta]PsbL strain exhibited slowed growth that correlated with a disruption in PSII assembly leading to an accumulation of CP43-less PSII monomers. Moreover, the [Delta]PsbL:[Delta]PsbM and [Delta]PsbL:[Delta]PsbT double mutants were not photoautotrophic. In contrast, the [Delta]PsbM and [Delta]PsbT strains grew photoautotrophically and supported oxygen evolution, albeit at reduced rates compared to wild type. S-state analyses showed that the removal of PsbM or PsbT did not affect the donor side reactions of PSII, which includes the oxidation of water, however, the removal of PsbT impaired electron flow between Q[A] and Q[B] on the acceptor side of PSII. Blue-Native PAGE revealed that removal of either PsbM or PsbT was insufficient to entirely disrupt dimer formation; however, the combined removal of PsbM and PsbT resulted in the predominance of monomeric forms of PSII in the [Delta]PsbM:[Delta]PsbT strain. Under high light (2 mE m⁻� s⁻� at 30�C), [Delta]PsbM and [Delta]PsbT cells were considerably more susceptible to photoinactivation than wild type; however, they were able to fully recover in a protein synthesis-dependent manner when returned to moderate light levels (0.03 mE m⁻� s⁻�). A requirement for Psb27 was found in the protein-synthesis-dependent recovery of photoinactivated [Delta]PsbT cells. More significantly, an absolute functional requirement was found for Psb27 in the [Delta]PsbM strain, where functional PSII complexes are not assembled in the absence of Psb27. These results suggest that Psb27 is critical for PSII assembly in the absence of PsbM, and also for the protein-synthesis-dependent recovery of PSII in the absence of PsbT. Moreover, in addition to Psb27, the PsbU subunit of the oxygen-evolving complex was also found to be an absolute functional requirement in the [Delta]PsbM strain, where functional PSII centres are not assembled when both PsbM and PsbU are absent. It appears, therefore, that PsbM has crucial functional interactions with specific extrinsic proteins located in the vicinity of the oxygen-evolving complex. Interestingly, the [Delta]PsbM strain was also found to have a high susceptibility to suppressor mutations, indicating it has important functional roles in the cyanobacterial cell.

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35

Penninckx, Denis. "Etude des liaisons numeriques sur fibres optiques dispersives : du codage duobinaire aux transmissions binaires a profil de phase controle (psbt)." Paris, ENST, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENST0024.

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L'augmentation des débits d'information véhicules par les fibres optiques monomodes nécessite de considérer plus directement certains phénomènes de propagation de la lumière. Parmi eux, la dispersion chromatique est une des principales sources de limitation car la plupart des fibres déjà posées sont fortement dispersives autour de 1550 nm. Cette longueur d'onde est imposée par la courbe de gain des amplificateurs optiques à fibre dopée a l'erbium apparus récemment. Dans ce mémoire de thèse, nous avons étudié les liaisons numériques sur fibres optiques dispersives sur des distances de 30 à 300 kilomètres. Le débit considère est de 10 gbit/s mais nous montrons comment étendre les résultats a d'autres débits. Dans un premier temps (chapitres b et c), nous avons recherche un critère pour évaluer correctement la propagation du signal. Ce critère est utilisé pour étudier l'influence des principaux paramètres des liaisons sur les performances du système. Ensuite (chapitres d et e), nous nous sommes intéresses aux possibilités offertes par deux modulateurs à base de matériaux iii-v : le modulateur a electroabsorption et le modulateur interférométrique de mach-zehnder avec lequel nous avons franchi 133 km de fibre standard à 10 gbit/s pour des longueurs d'onde entre 1530 et 1560 nm. Le chapitre suivant (f) traite du codage duo binaire et démontre que l'on peut réduire fortement les déphasages de symbole a symbole en diminuant légèrement le taux d'extinction. Nous montrons enfin (chapitres g et h) que la réduction de l'encombrement spectral est insuffisante pour expliquer les améliorations de propagation observées numériquement et expérimentalement avec un signal nr duo binaire. Nous proposons une nouvelle explication, vérifiée expérimentalement : les transmissions binaires à profil de phase contrôlent (psbt), qui permettent un accroissement sensible de la distance de propagation en créant des interférences destructives autour des impulsions lumineuses.

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Swarts, Isane C. (Isane Chjarl). "The effect of porcine somatotropin (pST) on production parameters, carcass and meat quality characteristics of pigs." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16446.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Porcine somatotropin (pST) is a naturally occurring protein (hormone), secreted by the pituitary gland of young pigs and is one of the major growth regulating factors. High levels of pST is found in circulating blood of young animals, resulting in the partitioning of nutrients into lean tissue and bone growth. Supplying an exogenous source of pST should increase the deposition of lean muscle and bone and decrease the deposition of fat in the older (above 60 kg) pig. To ascertain whether pST would have a positive influence on production- and meat characteristics in the South African scenario for pigs slaughtered at a high bodymass, a trail was conducted. For group housed animals pST had no significant effect on the following parameters: feed intake, calculated cumulatively on a weekly basis, ADG, live weight, carcass weight, carcass length, ham length or chest depth, intramuscular fat area, muscle depth and colour measured with a Hennessey probe and waterbinding capacity. However, when the FCR of pigs in this investigation were calculated, there was a significant (p<0.05) influence by sex and pST detected. Boars converted their feed to live weight better than barrows and gilts from week ten onwards. Boars had an increased FCR when treated with pST. A significant increase was found in muscle area and a significant decrease in extra muscular (back fat) area of boars and barrows. A significant pST (p< 0.05) effect (3 mm reduction) was seen for backfat depth measured by the Hennessey probe and the intrascope. Porcine somatotropin significantly (p<0.05) increased the muscle area of the loin-cut for all animals. The area covered by subcutaneous fat of boars and barrows were significantly (P<0.05) reduced by pST treatment, with no effect detected for gilts (p>0.05). Porcine somatotropin treatment increased the muscle percentage and decreased the extramuscular fat percentage in such a way that the differences between sexes was reduced. Thus, more uniform fat-muscle distribution between carcasses was obtained by pST treatment. Control animals had a significantly higher pH24 than pST treated animals (P=0.049). Lower values were found for animals receiving pST for L* (p=0.016), a* (p=0.002) and b* (P=0.016). The effect on b* (yellow-blue range) in the M longissimus thoracis of pST treated animals showed slightly (but significantly) less yellow and more green compared to control animals (p=0.016). This combined with the lower L* values (brightness) indicates that pST treated animals had a significantly darker colour meat compared to the control animals. Individually housed animals showed no significant differences for the following characteristics: live weight, carcass weight, head, trotters, shoulder, middle back, middle belly, loin belly, thigh, fillet, carcass fat and kidney. Whereas pST caused a significantly lower percentage of the middle back of boars and barrows, but not in gilts, pST could only precipitate a lower percentage (11.18%) loin back of treated animals (p=0.026) v.s. control animals (12.05%). A trend (p>0.1) was detected for percentage bone in the middle back, with the pST treated (14.17% vs. 13.18%) animals having more bone than that of control animals. pST animals had a higher percentage (p=0.024) skin (5.04%) than the control animals (4.28%). This study shows that there is no negative effect of pST on meat quality characteristics and carcass composition, in fact there is less variation between carcasses obtained from different sexes treated with pST. The producer can bring heavier animals to the market with a reduced backfat percentage and a greater percentage meat with the help of pST.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vark somatotropien (pST) is ‘n natuurlike hormoon wat deur die pituitêre klier in die brein afgeskei word by klein varkies en is een van die belangrikste hormone betrokke by groei regulering. Hoë vlakke van pST kom voor in die bloed van jong varkies, dit veroorsaak dan die verspreiding van nutriente in die liggaam van die varkie sodat dit meer vleis en beengroei toon en minder vet deponeer. Namate die varkie volwasse word neem die bloedvlakke van pST af en begin die liggam meer vet deponeer ten koste van proteien groei, terselfde tyd begin die seksuele kenmerke ontwikkel. Die toediening van ‘n eksterne bron van pST behoort die groei van been en vleis te bevoordeel in ouer diere (bo 60 kg). Vir die doeleindes van die ondersoek wou ons bepaal of pST ‘n positewe effek het op groei en vleiskwaliteitseienskappe van varke wat in Suid Afrikaanse kondisies gebruik word en teen ’n hoër liggamsmassa as gewoonlik geslag word. Vir varke wat in groepe behuis was was daar geen effek op die volgende eienskappe nie: voer inname weekliks bepaa, gemiddelde daaglikse toename, liggaamsmassa, karkasgewig, karkas lengte, ham lengte, bors diepte, intrmuskulêre vet en spierdikte bepaal met ‘n Hennessey sonde asook waterbindigs vermoë. Bere het egter ’n beter voeromsettings faktor gehat as burge en soggies, maar as pST toegedien is het hulle voeromsettingsfaktor toegeneem. ’n Betekenisvolle (p<0.05) toename in spier area van alle diere, met ’n gesamentlike afname in onderhuidse vet area van bere en burge (nie soggies nie) is gevind. ’n Betekenisvolle afname (3 mm) in rugvetdikte is gevind by diere wat met pST behandel is. Hierdie effekte is so in die lewe gebring dat die verskil tussen die geslagte minder prominent is en karkasse meer uniform is. Betekenisvolle hoër pH24 waardes is gevind by kontrole diere as by pST behandelde diere (p=0.049). L* (p=0.016), a* (p=0.002) en b* (p=0.016) waardes was betekenisvol laer vir pST behandelde diere as vir kontrole diere. Die effek op b* waardes (geel-blou reeks) in die M. longissimus thoracis van behandelde diere was in so ‘n mate dat die vleis ietwat minder geel en meer groen was in vergelyking met die kontrole diere (p=0.016), saam met laer L* waardes (helderheid) is ‘n indikasie van ietwat donkerder vleis van behandelde diere. Individueel behuisde diere het geen betekenisvolle effek getoon vir die volgende parameters nie: liggamsgewig, karkasgewig, kop, voete, skouer, middel rug, middel maag, lende maag, dy, haas en niere. ‘n Betekenisvolle laer persentasie middel rug is gevind in bere en burge, maar nie vir soggies nie, maar in die lende rug is ‘n betekenisvolle effek gevind vir alle diere (11.8% vir pST en 12.05% vir kontroe , p=0.026). ‘n Neiging (p>0,1) is gesien vir die hoeveelheid been in die middle rug van diere behandel met pST (14.17% vs. 13.18%) Dier met pSt behandel het’n betekenisvol hoer persentasie vel as kontrole diere gehat (5.04% vs. 4.28%, p=0.024. Die resultate van die ondersoek bewys dat daar geen negatiewe effekte van pST op vleis- en karkaseienskappe is nie, daar is self minder variasie tussen karkasse van verskillende geslagte. Die boer kan swaarder diere bemark met minder rugvet en meer vleis met behulp van pST.

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37

Bast, Laura E. "Evaluation of nitrogen recommendations for corn based on soil analysis and remotely sensed data." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243864743.

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Penninckx, Denis. "Étude des liaisons numériques terrestres sur fibres optiques dispersives : du codage duobinaire aux transmissions binaires à profil de phase contrôle : PSBT /." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36703849p.

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39

Arruda, Andréa Figueiredo. "O espaço \"concebido\" e o espaço \"vivido\" da morada rural: políticas públicas x modo de vida camponês." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16135/tde-19052010-094729/.

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O presente trabalho tem por objetivo, primeiramente, compreender e fazer o registro de duas questões fundamentais. A primeira é a territorialização do campesinato no Brasil, como se deu ao longo da história, e as políticas públicas que definiram e definem o desenho do espaço rural. O segundo registro insere-se num breve levantamento da demanda e produção habitacionais no país. A pesquisa parte também de uma experiência concreta de construção de moradias populares, em regime de mutirão e autogestão, no assentamento Fazenda Pirituba, Itapeva, São Paulo. A observação do modo de vida camponês, durante a implantação do Programa de Subsídio Habitacional Rural (PSH-Rural), aparece como um dos caminhos para entender os diversos ajustes e desajustes do mutirão. Por se tratar de um assentamento de mais de 20 anos, a Fazenda Pirituba se consolida como um território digno da manifestação camponesa, que se identifica desde a maneira como se espacializa o cotidiano dessas famílias, (re)definindo e (re)inventando o desenho do assentamento concebido via Estado, até a mediação com técnicos para organização do canteiro. A partir da observação do modo de vida do camponês, da relação dele com o trabalho, o tempo, a terra, a família e vizinhos e ainda a maneira como se espacializam essas relações, como a casa-quintal e o seu entorno, o sítio, é possível vislumbrar a formulação de políticas publicas condizentes com o seu modus vivendi.
The aim of this paper is at first, to understand and to register two fundamental issues. The first is the territorialization of the peasantry in Brazil as it happened through history, and the public policies which defined and define the design of the rural space. The second report is a brief survey of the housing demands and production in the country. The research is also based on a concrete experience of the construction of popular houses, in a kind of self management and getting together to build each others house in the settlement Fazenda Pirituba, Itapeva, São Paulo. The observation of the peasants way of life during the implantation of the Rural Housing Subsidy Program (PSH-Rural), appears as one of the ways to understand the several adjustments and disagreements of this method. Since it is a more than 20 years old settlement, the Fazenda Pirituba consolidates as a territory worthy of peasant manifestation that is identified from the way these families organize their daily activities redefining and reinventing the design of the settlement given by the state to the mediation with technicians for the organization of the place. Through the observation of the peasants way of life, their relation with the work, the time, the land, the family and neighbors and also how these relations happen, such as the house- backyard and its surroundings, the small farm; it is possible to visualize the formulation of public policies that are appropriate to their modus vivendi.

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Espinosa, Marcos Eduardo. "Direito à moradia e Ministério das Cidades: a Política de Subsídio à Habitação de interesse popular (PSH)." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2008. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1216.

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The present work describes the historical evolution of the urbanization in Brazil, the distinctive traces of the colonial exploration model as well as the disastrous consequences for the urban centers, due to uncontrolled and unplanned expansion. It points out the private domain on public areas and how the property market takes advantage of the state power to speculate on commercial prices. It outlines the concepts about habitation and the urban space habitability. It points to the main principles of the rights to the city and to the limits concerning the social use of private property and the social function of the city. It analyses the concepts of development of social State and the construction of citizenship in face of the globalization phenomenon. It emphasizes the legal prevision on the Federal Constitution of 1988 about the social rights and the arising of the housing right on the constitutional order. It discourses on the concept of citizenship, identifying its main aspects, stressing housing as an essential condition to human dignity. It also analyses what the public policies and the State social policies are and how they are structured. It tackles the housing policy development and the institutional role of the Cities Ministry in that meaning. It focuses at the policy of benefit to popular housing, delimiting its origins, definition and operation structure. It launches a comparative analysis between that public policy and a similar system promoted by the Spanish government. It shows the urban housing shortage on the main national centers, with government information on programs and projects that aim at the habitability of degraded and excluded areas. It concludes pointing to the category of elaboration and application of housing public policies, as well as the real effectiveness of benefit system and the influence of the economic sector on the management of public policies.
Este trabalho relata a evolução histórica da urbanização no Brasil, os traços distintivos do modelo de exploração colonial e as conseqüências nefastas nos centros urbanos, com expansão descontrolada e sem planejamento. Aponta para o domínio privado sobre os espaços e áreas públicos, e para como o setor imobiliário se aproveita do poder estatal para especular sobre valores comerciais. Delimita os conceitos referentes à habitação e à habitabilidade do espaço urbano. Aponta aos princípios formadores do direito à cidade e aos limites referentes ao uso social da propriedade privada e à função social da cidade. Analisa os conceitos de formação do Estado social e da construção da cidadania em face do fenômeno da globalização. Ressalta a previsão legal na Constituição Federal de 1988 sobre os direitos sociais e o aparecimento do direito à moradia na ordem constitucional. Traça considerações sobre o conceito de cidadania, identificando seus aspectos primordiais, destacando a moradia como condição de dignidade do ser humano. Analisa o que são as políticas públicas e as políticas sociais de Estado e como elas se estruturam. Aborda a elaboração da política habitacional e o papel do Ministério das Cidades neste sentido. Foca atenção à política de subsídio à habitação popular, delimitando sua origem, definição e estrutura de funcionamento. Apresenta análise comparativa entre essa política pública e o sistema assemelhado promovido pelo governo espanhol. Evidencia os dados sobre o déficit habitacional urbano dos principais centros nacionais, com dados governamentais sobre programas e projetos que visam à habitabilidade das áreas degradadas e excluídas. Conclui apontando para a modalidade de elaboração e aplicação das políticas públicas de habitação, à eficácia real do sistema de subsídio e sobre a influência do setor econômico no direcionamento das políticas públicas.

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JANISZEWSKI, Vanessa. "Um estudo referente à adoção do imposto sobre especulação imobiliária na cidade de Recife: o imposto predial e territorial urbano (IPTU) extra-fiscal como instrumento de auxílio ao orçamento municipal." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17485.

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Facepe
O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o mercado imobiliário do município de Recife, verificando se existe evidência de uma possível supervalorização desses ativos; ressaltar a importância da previsão das receitas públicas para fins orçamentários, estudando e propondo um modelo de previsão de arrecadação da receita do IPTU, e; simular a adoção do Imposto sobre Especulação Imobiliário (PST - Property Speculation Tax) no cálculo e cobrança do IPTU no município de Recife, avaliando possíveis efeitos no valor arrecadado. A abordagem adotada para a execução do estudo foi de natureza quantitativa e a estratégia de pesquisa foi exploratória, utilizando-se como fonte de informações o levantamento de dados - receita histórica de IPTU e ITBI, valor imobiliário do Zap imóveis, dentre outros. Assim como a realização de pesquisa bibliográfica em livros, leis, normas, teses, dissertações, artigos técnicos e pesquisa na Internet, com o objetivo de estabelecer uma fundamentação teórica referente à problemática do estudo. Como resultado alguns pontos merecem destaque: foi possível observar que não há reais indícios de especulação imobiliária em Recife; foi proposto um modelo auto regressivo para a previsão da Receita do IPTU de Recife, e; foi encontrado evidência de uma leve elevação na arrecadação desta receita com a introdução do PST - tendo como premissa alguns condições descritas no trabalho.
The objective of this study was to analyze the real estate market in the city of Recife, examining if there is evidence of a possible overvaluation of these assets, some sort of real state bubble; emphasizing the importance of forecasting in public revenues for budgetary purposes, studying and proposing a revenue forecasting model of property tax revenues and; simulate the adoption of the PST (Property Speculation Tax) in the calculation and collection of property tax in the city of Recife, assessing possible effects on the amount collected. The approach adopted for the execution of the study was quantitative and the search strategy was exploratory, using as source of information data collection - Historical property tax revenue and ITBI, real estate value of Zap database, among others. As well as carrying out bibliographic research in books, laws, standards, theses, dissertations, technical articles and research on the Internet, in order to establish a theoretical framework concerning the issue of study. As a result it was observed that there is no solid evidence of speculation in Recife; proposed an AR model for the prediction of the property tax revenue from Recife, and; evidence of a slight rise in revenue this recipe with the introduction of the PST - with the premise some conditions described in the work.

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Bona, Glauber De. "Satisfazibilidade probabilística." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45134/tde-02062011-181639/.

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Este trabalho estuda o problema da Satisfazibilidade Probabilística (PSAT), revendo a sua solução via programação linear, além de propor novos algoritmos para resolvê-lo através da redução ao SAT. Construímos uma redução polinomial do PSAT para o SAT, chamada de Redução Canônica, codificando operações da aritmética racional em bits, como variáveis lógicas. Analisamos a complexidade computacional dessa redução e propomos uma Redução Canônica de Precisão Limitada para contornar tal complexidade. Apresentamos uma Redução de Turing do PSAT ao SAT, baseada no algoritmo Simplex e na Forma Normal Atômica que introduzimos. Sugerimos modificações em tal redução em busca de eficiência computacional. Por fim, implementamos essas reduções a m de investigar o perl de complexidade do PSAT, observamos o fenômeno de transição de fase e discutimos as condições para sua detecção.
This work studies the Probabilistic Satisfiability problem (PSAT), reviewing its solution through linear programming, and proposing new algorithms to solve it. We construct a polynomial many-to-one reduction from PSAT to SAT, called Canonical Reduction, codifying rational arithmetic operations into bits, as logical variables. We analyze the computational complexity of this reduction and we propose a Limited Precision Canonical Reduction to reduce such complexity. We present a Turing Reduction from PSAT to SAT, based on the Simplex algorithm and the Atomic Normal Form we introduced. We suggest modifications in such reduction looking for computational eficiency. Finally, we implement these reductions in order to investigate the complexity profile of PSAT, the phase transition phenomenom is observed and the conditions for its detection are discussed.

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BEZERRA, Natalia Priscila Alves. "Biologia pesqueira dos tubarões martelo (SPHYRNA SPP.) no Oceano Atlântico Sudoeste e Equatorial." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2017. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/25159.

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O objetivo principal da presente tese consistiu em gerar informações a respeito das espécies de tubarões martelo do gênero Sphyrna, no que concernem as distribuições espaço-temporais de suas capturas, no uso de hábitats preferenciais e na capturabilidade dessas espécies no entorno dos montes submarinos no oceano Atlântico Sul e Equatorial. A fim de obter dados sobre as distribuições espaço-temporais das capturas do Sphyrna lewini, Sphyrna zygaena e Sphyrna mokarran para os anos de 2004 a 2011, foram avaliados 29.418 lançamentos oriundos da frota atuneira estrangeira e nacional que opera com espinhel pelágico no Atlântico Sudoeste e Equatorial. Nesse período, 6.172 tubarões martelo foram capturados, correspondendo a 0,4% do total das capturas da frota atuneira. A captura por unidade de esforço (CPUE) nominal calculada por trimestres apresentou uma tendência de maiores valores próximos as regiões equatorial e sul do Brasil. A média da CPUE nominal foi de 0,12 tubarões/1.000 anzóis. As observações sobre o uso do habitat foram concebidas através da implantação de sete marcas eletrônicas via satélite nos tubarões martelo (S. lewini) no entorno do arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo (ASPSP). Com as informações dos locais de soltura das marcas e as geolocalizações fornecidas, foi possível inferir que os tubarões monitorados permaneceram nas circunvizinhanças do ASPSP, sugerindo fidelidade ao local. O padrão diário de movimentação vertical dos tubarões indicou a preferência por águas mais aquecidas, superiores a 25° C, e por profundidades de até 150 m. Contudo, a espécie realizou incursões frequentes a maiores profundidades, e ainda todos os mergulhos realizados nas zonas abaixo dos 500 m foram registrados exclusivamente durante o período noturno. A máxima profundidade atingida foi de 728 m, onde a temperatura mínima registrada foi igual a 5,6° C. Assim, os padrões de movimentação vertical indicaram que a espécie frequenta uma grande amplitude de profundidade e temperatura na coluna d’água, entre as zonas epipelágicas e mesopelágicas. Durante os experimentos para a marcação dos tubarões, uma fêmea da espécie S. zygaena foi capturada no ASPSP, o que caracterizou uma nova ocorrência para a região e também ampliou a área de extensão para a espécie. Para avaliar a relação entre as capturas dos tubarões martelo e os montes submarinos com o uso de espinhel, foram mensuradas as distâncias dos pontos de capturas e esforços até os montes submarinos mais próximos para o período de 1981 a 2011 no oceano Atlântico Sul e Equatorial. Os tubarões martelo totalizaram 59.556 das capturas para toda a área analisada, com 9.519 indivíduos (16%) capturados em distâncias de até 40 km dos montes submarinos. Devido às espécies de tubarões martelo apresentarem indícios de agregações nos montes submarinos, foi calculada a CPUE nominal e padronizada para as distâncias de 0 a 40 km dos montes submarinos, com maior índice registrado a 10 km dessas formações, onde a CPUE nominal foi de 0,90 tubarões/1.000 anzóis. A medida que as capturas se afastaram dos montes submarinos, o valor da CPUE calculada decresceu, sugerindo que essas formações representam áreas de prováveis agregações para os tubarões martelo.
The aim of this thesis was to gather information about the species of hammerhead sharks of the genus Sphyrna focus focused on the spatial-temporal distributions of catches, habitat preferences and catchability of these species around seamounts in the South and Equatorial Atlantic Ocean. In order to obtain the spatial and temporal data of the Sphyrna lewini, Sphyrna zygaena e Sphyrna mokarran catches from 2004 to 2011 were analyzed 29,418 longline sets of foreign and national tuna longline vessels chartered in the Southwest and Equatorial Atlantic. In this period, 6,172 hammerhead sharks were caught representing 0.40% of catches. The spatial distribution of the mean catch per unit effort (CPUE) by quarters showed a trend of higher catches near the equatorial region and in southern Brazil. The CPUE mean was 0.12 sharks/1,000 hooks. Observations about habitat use were designed through the deployment of seven satellite electronic tags in the hammerhead shark (S. lewini) around of the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago (SPSPA). According to the release points and geolocations data hammerhead sharks stayed around SPSPA, suggesting local fidelity. The daily pattern of vertical movement of sharks indicates a preference for shallow waters higher than 25° C and for depths up to 150 m. However, the specimens made frequent dives at greater depths with all dives performed below 500 m depth during the night time period exclusively. The deepest diving recorded for 728 m where the minimum temperature was 5.6° C. Scalloped hammerhead sharks covered a wide extension of the water column ranging from the mixing layer to the mesopelagic zone. During the tagging experiments in SPSPA a female of the Sphyrna zygaena species was captured. This is the first confirmed occurrence of a smooth hammerhead shark in SPSPA that expanded the geographic range extension for the species. In order to evaluate the relationship between longline catches of hammerhead sharks and seamounts, the catch and effort distances to nearest seamounts were measured. From 1981 to 2011 in the South Atlantic Ocean and Equatorial 59,556 hammerhead sharks were captured in the total area with 9,519 (16 %) at a distance up to 40 km of the nearest seamount. Due to hammerhead shark species show signs of aggregation in seamounts, nominal and standardized CPUE were calculated for the 0-40 km distances of seamounts. The highest CPUE value (0.90 sharks/1,000 hooks) was calculated at 10 km from the seamount. As catches moved away from seamounts, the value of CPUE decreased, suggesting that formations probably like seamount aggregation for hammerhead sharks.

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Luz, Daniela Eleuterio da. "Estudo do papel do sistema de captação de fosfato inorgânico (Pst) na fisiologia e patogênese de Streptococcus mutans." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42132/tde-11082011-090439/.

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O fosfato inorgânico é um composto essencial por estar relacionado com diversos processos metabólicos e biossíntese de moléculas relevantes à sobrevivência celular. Em bactéria são conhecidos dois tipos principais de transportadores específicos de fosfato inorgânico, o sistema Pit, de baixa afinidade, e o sistema Pst de alta afinidade, um ABC transportador, ativado sob carência de fosfato extracelular. A interação deste sistema com a fisiologia e patogênese de Streptococcus mutans, o principal agente etiológico da cárie dental, foi estudada neste trabalho. Os genes que codificam o sistema Pst de S. mutans UA159, estão organizados em um óperon policistrônico (pstS, C1, C, B, smu.1134 e phoU). A análise das sequências de aminoácidos das proteínas do sistema Pst de S. mutans com ortólogos do gênero Streptococcus, demonstrou maior identidade com bactérias da cavidade oral. Análise de prevalência do gene pstS, que codifica a proteína ligadora, demonstrou conservação entre todas as cepas laboratoriais e clínicas avaliadas. A deleção de pstS reduziu a capacidade de incorporação de ortofosfato que se refletiu na diminuição da taxa de replicação celular em meios com diferentes concentrações de fosfato inorgânico. A mutação também reduziu a capacidade da bactéria em aderir à superfícies abióticas e diminuiu sua hidrofobicidade de superfície, além de aumentar a resistência intrínseca a ácido. No entanto, não houve alteração na eficiência de transformação bacteriana. Por fim, o gene pstS de S. mutans foi clonado, expresso e a proteína purificada utilizada para obter anticorpos que inibiram o crescimento de S. mutans in vitro. Deste modo, segere-se que o sistema Pst é relevante na fisiologia e patogênese de S. mutans.
Inorganic phosphate is an essential compound related to several metabolic process and biosynthesis of molecules relevant to cellular survival. Bacteria are known to posses two main types of specific inorganic phosphate transporters, the low-affinity Pit system, and the high affinity Pst system, an ABC transporter family constituent, activated by extracellular phosphate starvation. The aim of this work was to study the role of Pst system in physiology and pathogenesis of Streptococcus mutans, the main etiological agent of dental caries. The genes of the Pst system of S. mutans UA159, are organized in a polycistronic operon (pstS, C1, C, B, smu.1134 and phoU). The amino acid sequence analysis of Pst proteins of S. mutans related to orthologs of Streptococcus genus, showed the highest identity value when compared to oral cavity bacteria. The PstS binding protein was present in all tested clinical and laboratory strains of S. mutans. The pstS mutant showed a decreased capacity of ortophosphate uptake which leaded to growth deficiency in different phosphate concentrations. The mutation also reduced the bacteria adherence to abiotic surfaces and the hydrophobicity of the cell surface, diverging from the increase the intrinsic acid resistance. Otherwise, there was no change in the bacterial transformation eficiency. Finally, the S. mutans pstS gene was cloned, expressed and the purified protein was used to obtain antibodies that inhibited the growth of S. mutans in vitro. Taking together, these results suggesting that the Pst transport system is relevant to S. mutans physiology and pathogenesis.

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Rabassa, Viviane Rohrig. "Efeito da Somatotrofina Suína (pST) sobre o desenvolvimento testicular, idade à puberdade e qualidade espermática de machos suínos." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2477.

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The somatotropin (ST), which has its effects mediated by insulin-like growth factor I, has positive effects on gametogenesis and steroidogenesis, and can be used as an alternative treatment for infertile men. Exogenous somatotropin supplementation improves testicular development, gametogenesis and steroidogenesis, anticipating onset of puberty. However, no studies aiming to determine the mechanisms of action of this hormone on testicular function and age at puberty in healthy young boars were performed. Thus the hypothesis of this study were: 1) prepubertal male pigs receiving exogenous ST have accelerated testicular growth due to the mitogenic actions of IGF-I; 2) an increase in gametogenesis and teroidogenesis with consequent antecipation of age at puberty and 3) improvement of semen quality after the establishment of puberty. To confirm this hypothesis four experiments were performed. The Experiment 1 aimed to determine the interval between applications of porcine ST (pST), based on the determination of IGF-I. Experiment 2 aimed to measure the proliferation of testes cells in boars subjected to pST administration, as well as its effect on the metabolism. In Experiment 1, the mean concentration of serum IGF-I for pST Group was higher (P<0.05) than for Control Group, with differences between groups within the first three days after injection, determining the interval between injection to be used in the following experiments. In Experiment 2 there was a increase in the testicular weight (P=0.06) in pST Group, but a decrease in the number of seminiferous tubules and sertoli cells in this group (P<0.05). Experiment 3 aimed to determine the effect of pST administration during the prepubertal period on the metabolic profile, testicular development and anticipation of the sexual maturity. The pST Group had higher circulating concentration of testosterone after five months of age (P<0.05), which was concomitant with the onset of reproductive activity. These boars also had higher libido (P<0.05). The Experiment 4 aimed to determine the effect of pST on the semen quality after the establishment of puberty. It was observed an increase in vigor, volume, total sperm concentration and total number of inseminating doses (P<0.05). Still, the pST Group had a higher testicular weight at 12 months of age (P<0.05). In conclusion, the use of pST in young pigs is present positive effects on the testicular development, testosterone levels, libido and semen quality after the establishment of puberty. an alternative to increase reproductive efficiency, increasing the semen quality and the number of inseminating doses produced from one ejaculate.
A somatotrofina (ST), a qual tem muitos de seus efeitos mediados pelo fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina I (IGF-I), tem efeito positivo sobre a gametogênese e a esteroidogênese, sendo utilizada como alternativa de tratamento em homens com infertilidade. Quanto ao seu efeito sobre a idade à puberdade, em humanos com deficiência endógena, a sua suplementação causa maior desenvolvimento testicular, gametogênese e esteroidogênese e antecipação da puberdade. Porém, não há estudos que determinem os mecanismos de ação deste hormônio sobre a função testicular e idade à puberdade em suínos sadios. Dessa forma as hipóteses deste estudo foram: 1) machos suínos pré-púberes recebendo ST exógena tem seu crescimento testicular acelerado, devido à ação mitogênica do IGF-I; 2) incremento na gametogênese e esteroidogênese, com consequente antecipação da idade à puberdade; e 3) melhora da qualidade espermática após o estabelecimento da puberdade. Para confirmar estas hipóteses foram realizados quatro experimentos. O Experimento 1 teve o objetivo de determinar o intervalo entre aplicações de ST suína (pST), a partir da determinação dos níveis de IGF-I. O Experimento 2 teve o objetivo de avaliar a proliferação de células testiculares em animais submetidos à administração de pST, bem como seu efeito sobre o metabolismo de leitões. No Experimento 1, os níveis séricos médios de IGF-I do Grupo pST foram superiores (P<0,05) aos do Grupo Controle, com diferença entre grupos até o 3º dia após aplicação do hormônio, determinando o intervalo entre doses a ser utilizado nos próximos experimentos. No Experimento 2 houve um aumento no peso testicular (P=0,06) no Grupo pST, porém uma diminuição do número de túbulos seminíferos e células de Sertoli neste grupo (P<0,05). O Experimento 3 teve o objetivo de determinar o efeito da administração de pST durante o período pré-puberdade sobre o perfil metabólico, desenvolvimento testicular e início do desenvolvimento sexual de suínos jovens. O grupo pST apresentou maiores níveis circulantes de testosterona a partir dos cinco meses de idade (P<0,05), o qual coincidiu com o início da atividade reprodutiva destes animais, além de apresentar maior libido (P<0,05). O Experimento 4 teve o objetivo de determinar o efeito do pST sobre a qualidade espermática após o estabelecimento da puberdade. Na avaliação da qualidade espermática foi observado aumento do vigor, volume espermático, da concentração espermática total e do número de doses inseminantes no grupo pST (P<0,05). Ainda, o grupo pST apresentou maior peso testicular aos 12 meses de idade em relação ao grupo controle (P<0,05). Concluindo, o uso de pST em suínos jovens apresenta efeitos positivos sobre o desenvolvimento testicular, níveis de testosterona, libido e qualidade espermática após o estabelecimento da puberdade.

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46

Vorálek, Jan. "Telemetrický archiv družic." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413153.

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This thesis deals with a design of telemetry archive of PSAT, PSAT-2 and BRICSat sattelites. This telemetry data need to be extracted from SDR IQ records. The thesis contains a Doppler effect theory and description of structure of telemetry data. Then it presents a design of a program for Doppler effect correction, demodulation and decoding of these records and saving the data to telemetry archive. Thesis also deals with analysis of decoded data.

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47

Morais, Eduardo Menezes de. "Answer set programming probabilístico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45134/tde-20022013-001051/.

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Este trabalho introduz uma técnica chamada Answer Set Programming Probabilístico (PASP), que permite a modelagem de teorias complexas e a verificação de sua consistência em relação a um conjunto de dados estatísticos. Propomos métodos de resolução baseados em uma redução para o problema da satisfazibilidade probabilística (PSAT) e um método de redução de Turing ao ASP.
This dissertation introduces a technique called Probabilistic Answer Set Programming (PASP), that allows modeling complex theories and check its consistence with respect to a set of statistical data. We propose a method of resolution based in the reduction to the probabilistic satisfiability problem (PSAT) and a Turing reduction method to ASP.

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Ayres, Hugo Murici. "Aplicação do controlador UPFC para o amortecimento de oscilações eletromecanicas em sistemas eletricos de potencia." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261858.

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Orientador: Vivaldo Fernando da Costa
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Essa dissertação apresenta um estudo que avalia a e?ciência do controlador UPFC (Uni?ed Power Flow Controller) para o amortecimento de oscilações eletromecânicas sob condições de pequenas e grandes perturbações.Um modelo de injeção de potência utilizado para representar o UPFC é implementado no Modelo de Sensibilidade de Potência (MSP). As análises no domínio do tempo são realizadas com o programa PSAT (Power System Analysis Toolbox), no qual também são implementados os modelos do UPFC e do controlador POD (Power Oscillation Damping).Diversos controladores POD são projetados para a modulação de diferentes parâmetros do UPFC. A análise da estabilidade e o projeto dos estabilizadores são baseados em técnicas de resposta em freqüência e no tempo, assim como na técnica de análise modal. Os resultados obtidos revelam que o UPFC possui um grande potencial para a manutenção da estabilidade de ângulo de sistemas de potência quando equipado com controladores POD
Abstract: This dissertation presents a study assessing the effectiveness of the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) for damping electromechanical oscillation under small-signal and large disturbances. A UPFC power injection model is implemented in the Power Sensitivity Model (PSM). The time domain analysis is carried out with the Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) considering the UPFC and the POD controller models implemented. A number of Power Oscillation Damping (POD) controllers are designed in order to modulate different parameters of the UPFC. The stability analysis and the design of POD controllers are based on time and frequency response techniques. Modal analysis technique is also utilized. Results obtained reveal that the UPFC has a great potential to maintain the power system angle stability when it is equipped with POD controller
Mestrado
Energia Eletrica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

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49

Engelbrecht, Frank. "The comparison of AC and DC alternatives for sub-transmission networks." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52495.

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Thesis (MScEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Recent advances in semiconductor technology extended the economic power range for DC transmission to just a few MW. Network planners need tools to compare AC and DC alternatives in order to find the best technical and economic solution for a specific network. TESAT, a software analysis tool, is developed to determine the optimum conductor and line technology for a network. Voltage regulation problems are identified and can be solved with network devices which have the potential to solve network problems more effectively and economically than ever before. PSAT, another software analysis tool developed in previous research, is used to model networks and support technologies. Hence, with the aid of TESAT and PSAT, line and support technologies are combined in an attempt to find the most effective solution in terms of cost and technical performance. This is demonstrated with the aid of a case study. Furthermore, interfaces between PSAT and the real world are developed. This includes an extension to the input interface of PSAT that calculates the equivalent impedances of a transmission line automatically, as well as an interface to share data between ReticMaster and PSAT. A dispersed generation and support technology database is also developed as an extension to the output interface ofPSAT.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Onlangse vooruitgang in halfgeleiertegnologie het tot gevolg dat GS transmissie ekonomies is vir slegs 'n paar MW. Netwerkbeplanners benodig gevolglik pakette om WS en GS alternatiewe te vergelyk vir 'n spesifieke netwerk. In hierdie tesis is 'n analitiese sagteware-pakket (TESAT) dus ontwikkelom die optimale geleier en lyntegnologie VIr 'n netwerk te bepaal. Spanningsregulasie-probleme word geïdentifiseer en opgelos met netwerktoestelle wat die potensiaal het om netwerkprobleme meer doeltreffend en ekonomies as ooit tevore op te los. PSAT, 'n ander analitiese sagteware-pakket wat in vorige navorsing ontwikkel is, word dan ook gebruik om netwerke en steuningstegnologieë te modelleer. Dus word PSA T en TESA T gebruik om lyn- en steuningstegnologieë te kombineer. Die doel hiervan is om die mees doeltreffende oplossing in terme van kostes en tegniese werksverrigting te vind. Dit word met behulp van 'n gevallestudie gedemonstreer. Verder word koppelvlakke tussen PSA T en die eksterne wêreld ontwikkel. Dit sluit in: (a) 'n uitbreiding van die intreekoppelvlak van PSAT wat die ekwivalente impedansie vir 'n transmissielyn outomaties bereken; (b) die koppelvlak om data te deel tussen PSAT en ReticMaster. 'n Verspreide generasie- en steuningstegnologie databasis is uiteindelik ook ontwikkel as 'n uitbreiding van die uittreekoppelvlak van PSAT.

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Henz, Aline. "Diagnóstico da síndrome pré-menstrual : comparação de dois instrumentos - registro diário da intensidade dos problemas (DRSP) e instrumento de rastreamento de sintomas pré-menstruais (PSST)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/139773.

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Introdução: O diagnóstico da Síndrome Pré-menstrual (SPM) é um desafio. O uso de questionários estruturados está bem estabelecido, e a ferramenta mais aceita é o DRSP, um questionário prospectivo auto preenchido por ao menos dois meses. O PSST é um questionário retrospectivo de autoaplicação, preenchido em um único momento. Objetivo: comparar estes dois instrumentos (PSST e DRSP) para o diagnóstico da SPM. Método: Um estudo transversal com 127 mulheres entre 20 a 45 anos com queixas de SPM. As mulheres foram avaliadas quanto ao peso, altura, Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Após exclusão de casos de depressão através do Prime-MD, as pacientes completaram o PSST e foram orientadas a preencherem o DRSP durante dois meses. A concordância entre os dois questionários foi avaliado pelo cálculo de Kappa (k) e valores do coeficiente PABAK. Resultados: Do total de mulheres que atenderam ao chamado, 282 (74%) preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade e responderam o PSST. Entre estas 282 mulheres, somente 127 (45%) completaram o questionário diário (DRSP) por dois ciclos. O percentual das mulheres com diagnóstico de SPM através do DRSP foi de 74,8%, e pelo PSST foi 41,7%. O percentual das mulheres com diagnóstico de TDPM pelo DRSP foi de 3,9%, e pelo PSST foi de 34,6%. Assim, verificou-se uma maior prevalência de SPM com o DRSP do que com o PSST. De outra parte a TDPM foi mais dignosticada pelo PSST do que com o DRSP. O número de pacientes consideradas “normais” foi semelhante com os dois instrumentos. Na avaliação entre os dois instrumentos verificou-se não haver nenhuma concordância (Kappa = 0,12) nos resultados do diagnóstico de SPM e TDPM (Coeficiente Pabak resultou = 0,39). Para a trigem de SPM/TDPM o PSST tem uma sensibilidade de 79% e especificidade de 33,3%. Conclusão: O PSST deve ser considerado como uma ferramenta de triagem diagnóstica. Conclui-se que os casos SPM/TDPM do PSST devem ser sempre melhor avaliados pelo DRSP.
Background: The diagnosis of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a challenge. The use of structured questionnaires is well established and the most accepted is the DRSP, a prospectively self-administered questionnaire that needs two months at least to be completed. The PSST is a retrospective self-scale questionnaire, filled at a single time. Aim: To compare these two instruments (PSST and DRSP) to diagnosis PMS. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 127 women between 20 and 45 years with PMS complaints. The women were evaluated about weight, high, Body Mass Index (BMI). After the exclusion of depression by the Prime-MD Questionnaire, the PSST was completed and the women were oriented to complete the DRSP for two months. The agreement between the two questionnaires was assessed by calculating the Kappa (k) and PABAK values. Results: 282 (74% of all the women) women met eligibility criteria and answered the PSST. Only 127 (45% of the 282 women) completed the daily questionnaire (DRSP) for two cycles. The percentual of women with PMS diagnosis by the DRSP was 74.8%, and by PSST was 41.7%. The percentual of women with PMDD diagnosis by the DRSP was 3.9%, and by the PSST was 34.6%. The number of patients considered “normal” (with the symptoms above the necessary for the diagnostic the PMS) was similar with both questionnaires. We found no agreement between the two instruments (Kappa = 0.12) in the diagnosis of PMS and PMDD (Pabak coefficient keep this result = 0.39). For screening PMS/PMDD the PSST has a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity 33.3%. Conclusion: The PSST should be considered as diagnostic screening tool. We concluded that positive PMD/PMDD cases of PSST should be ever better evaluated by DRSP.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'PSHT'

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