Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pslr'

The Portable Satellite Laser Ranger (PSLR) is a light weight, highly portable satellite laser ranging system which employs many of the techniques and equipment types of larger fixed systems. It has a primary telescope aperture of 62 cm and uses a 150 ps pulse of 130 mJ at the second harmonic wavelength of 532 nm. The system is designed to use as little ancillary equipment as possible and only requires one small instrument rack and one PC based control computer. All of the control features of the system are based or installed in the control computer.The PSLR project at Curtin University was concerned with repairing and u p grading the PSLR to return the system to operational capacity. This involved the replacement of missing control components, repair of some hardware, modifications to the control program, and several calibration and operational tests. These tests showed that the PSLR system was capable of a ranging accuracy to fixed targets of 8.5 mm with an average accuracy of 23 mm. They showed that the PSLR was capable, in selective conditions, to track star ephemerides to less than 54. The mount error (standard deviation) over several orientations was shown to be 0.253° in elevation and 0.337° in azimuth.This dissertation will discuss; i) the operation of the equipment used with the PSLR and similar systems, the steps taken to repair or replace the necessary equipment, ii) the tests required to calibrate or evaluate various sub-systems of the PSLR and, iii) the results and conclusions drawn as a result.

The Portable Satellite Laser Ranger (PSLR) is a light weight, highly portable satellite laser ranging system which employs many of the techniques and equipment types of larger fixed systems. It has a primary telescope aperture of 62 cm and uses a 150 ps pulse of 130 mJ at the second harmonic wavelength of 532 nm. The system is designed to use as little ancillary equipment as possible and only requires one small instrument rack and one PC based control computer. All of the control features of the system are based or installed in the control computer.The PSLR project at Curtin University was concerned with repairing and u p grading the PSLR to return the system to operational capacity. This involved the replacement of missing control components, repair of some hardware, modifications to the control program, and several calibration and operational tests. These tests showed that the PSLR system was capable of a ranging accuracy to fixed targets of 8.5 mm with an average accuracy of 23 mm. They showed that the PSLR was capable, in selective conditions, to track star ephemerides to less than 54. The mount error (standard deviation) over several orientations was shown to be 0.253° in elevation and 0.337° in azimuth.This dissertation will discuss; i) the operation of the equipment used with the PSLR and similar systems, the steps taken to repair or replace the necessary equipment, ii) the tests required to calibrate or evaluate various sub-systems of the PSLR and, iii) the results and conclusions drawn as a result.

Aujourd’hui, les systèmes MSPSR (Multi-Static Primary Surveillance Radar) passifs se sont installés de manière durable dans le paysage de la surveillance aérienne [1]. L’intérêt que suscitent ces nouveaux systèmes provient du fait qu’en comparaison aux radars mono-statiques utilisés actuellement, les systèmes MSPSR reposent sur une distribution spatiale d’émetteurs et de récepteurs offrant des avantages en termes de fiabilité (redondance), de coûts (absence de joints tournants et émetteurs moins puissants) et de performances (diversité spatiale). Toutefois, le défaut majeur du MSPSR passif réside en l’absence de formes d’ondes dédiées due à l’exploitation d’émetteurs d’opportunités tels que les émetteurs de radio FM (Frequency Modulation) et/ou de DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial) [2]. Afin de pallier à ce défaut, il est envisagé d’utiliser des émetteurs dédiés permettant l’emploi de formes d’ondes optimisées pour une application radar, on parle alors de MSPSR actif. Cette thèse se place dans ce cadre et a pour objectif d’étudier et de définir la ou les formes d’ondes ainsi que les traitements associés permettant d’atteindre de meilleurs performances : une meilleure flexibilité sur la disposition du système (positionnement des émetteurs libres), une continuité de service (non dépendance d’un système tiers) et de meilleurs performances radars (e.g. en terme de précision des mesures, détections, …). Dans ce but, cette thèse étudie : - Les critères de sélection des codes : comportement des fonctions d’ambiguïtés, PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio), efficacité spectrale, etc... ; - Les formes d’ondes utilisées en télécommunication (scrambling code, OFDM) afin d’identifier leur possible réemploi pour une application radar ; - L’utilisation d’algorithmes cycliques pour générer des familles de séquences adaptées à notre problème ; - Une approche basée sur une descente de gradient afin de générer des familles de codes de manière plus efficiente ; - Et l’évaluation des performances de ces différents algorithmes à travers l’établissement d’une borne supérieure sur le niveau maximum des lobes secondaires et à travers le dépouillement des données enregistrées suite à des campagnes d’essais
Nowadays, MSPSR (Multi-Static Primary Surveillance Radar) systems are sustainably settled in air surveillance program [1]. Compared to mono-static radar currently in use, an MSPSR system is based on a sparse network of transmitters (Tx) and receivers (Rx) interconnected to a Central Unit and offers advantages in terms of reliability, cost and performance.Two kinds of MSPSR systems exist: the Passive form and the Active one. While the Passive MSPSR uses transmitters of opportunity such as radio Frequency Modulation (FM) transmitters and/or Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T) transmitters [2], the Active MSPSR uses dedicated transmitters, which emit a waveform that is controlled and designed for a radar application. Each receiver processes the signal coming from all transmitters and reflected on the targets; and the Central Unit restores the target location by intersecting “ellipsoids” from all (transmitter, receiver) pairs. Compared to passive MSPSR, the main advantages of the active MSPSR are the use of dedicated waveforms that allow reaching better performances (like a better association of the transmitters’ contributions at the receiver level); more flexibility in the deployment of transmitters and receivers station (in order to meet the requirements in localisation accuracy and in horizontal and altitude coverages); and the guarantee of having a service continuity. On this purpose, this thesis analyses the differents codes criteria such as the ambiguity function behaviour, the PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio), the spectrum efficiency, etc... . Then, in order to find dedicated waveforms for MSPSR systems, one solution is to find easily-constructed families of sequences. Thus building on the works carried out by the Telecommunication field for solving multi-user issues, this document investigates the application of spreading codes and OFDM signals in MSPSR concept. Besides, another solution is to directly generate a set of sequences. Based on cyclic algorithms in [3] we derive a new algorithm that allows to optimize sets of sequences. Similarly, using a gradient descent approach, we develop a more efficient algorithm than the cyclic one. Finally, in order to evaluate the performances of the different algorithms, this thesis generalizes the Levenshtein Bound, establishes new lower bounds on the PSLR (Peak Sidelobe Level Ratio) in mismatched filter case, and studies real data recorded during some trials

Aujourd’hui, les systèmes MSPSR (Multi-Static Primary Surveillance Radar) passifs se sont installés de manière durable dans le paysage de la surveillance aérienne [1]. L’intérêt que suscitent ces nouveaux systèmes provient du fait qu’en comparaison aux radars mono-statiques utilisés actuellement, les systèmes MSPSR reposent sur une distribution spatiale d’émetteurs et de récepteurs offrant des avantages en termes de fiabilité (redondance), de coûts (absence de joints tournants et émetteurs moins puissants) et de performances (diversité spatiale). Toutefois, le défaut majeur du MSPSR passif réside en l’absence de formes d’ondes dédiées due à l’exploitation d’émetteurs d’opportunités tels que les émetteurs de radio FM (Frequency Modulation) et/ou de DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial) [2]. Afin de pallier à ce défaut, il est envisagé d’utiliser des émetteurs dédiés permettant l’emploi de formes d’ondes optimisées pour une application radar, on parle alors de MSPSR actif. Cette thèse se place dans ce cadre et a pour objectif d’étudier et de définir la ou les formes d’ondes ainsi que les traitements associés permettant d’atteindre de meilleurs performances : une meilleure flexibilité sur la disposition du système (positionnement des émetteurs libres), une continuité de service (non dépendance d’un système tiers) et de meilleurs performances radars (e.g. en terme de précision des mesures, détections, …). Dans ce but, cette thèse étudie : - Les critères de sélection des codes : comportement des fonctions d’ambiguïtés, PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio), efficacité spectrale, etc... ; - Les formes d’ondes utilisées en télécommunication (scrambling code, OFDM) afin d’identifier leur possible réemploi pour une application radar ; - L’utilisation d’algorithmes cycliques pour générer des familles de séquences adaptées à notre problème ; - Une approche basée sur une descente de gradient afin de générer des familles de codes de manière plus efficiente ; - Et l’évaluation des performances de ces différents algorithmes à travers l’établissement d’une borne supérieure sur le niveau maximum des lobes secondaires et à travers le dépouillement des données enregistrées suite à des campagnes d’essais
Nowadays, MSPSR (Multi-Static Primary Surveillance Radar) systems are sustainably settled in air surveillance program [1]. Compared to mono-static radar currently in use, an MSPSR system is based on a sparse network of transmitters (Tx) and receivers (Rx) interconnected to a Central Unit and offers advantages in terms of reliability, cost and performance.Two kinds of MSPSR systems exist: the Passive form and the Active one. While the Passive MSPSR uses transmitters of opportunity such as radio Frequency Modulation (FM) transmitters and/or Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T) transmitters [2], the Active MSPSR uses dedicated transmitters, which emit a waveform that is controlled and designed for a radar application. Each receiver processes the signal coming from all transmitters and reflected on the targets; and the Central Unit restores the target location by intersecting “ellipsoids” from all (transmitter, receiver) pairs. Compared to passive MSPSR, the main advantages of the active MSPSR are the use of dedicated waveforms that allow reaching better performances (like a better association of the transmitters’ contributions at the receiver level); more flexibility in the deployment of transmitters and receivers station (in order to meet the requirements in localisation accuracy and in horizontal and altitude coverages); and the guarantee of having a service continuity. On this purpose, this thesis analyses the differents codes criteria such as the ambiguity function behaviour, the PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio), the spectrum efficiency, etc... . Then, in order to find dedicated waveforms for MSPSR systems, one solution is to find easily-constructed families of sequences. Thus building on the works carried out by the Telecommunication field for solving multi-user issues, this document investigates the application of spreading codes and OFDM signals in MSPSR concept. Besides, another solution is to directly generate a set of sequences. Based on cyclic algorithms in [3] we derive a new algorithm that allows to optimize sets of sequences. Similarly, using a gradient descent approach, we develop a more efficient algorithm than the cyclic one. Finally, in order to evaluate the performances of the different algorithms, this thesis generalizes the Levenshtein Bound, establishes new lower bounds on the PSLR (Peak Sidelobe Level Ratio) in mismatched filter case, and studies real data recorded during some trials

Cette thèse considère de nouvelles architectures prometteuses des métamatériaux plasmoniques pour biosensing, comprenant: (I) des réseaux périodiques 2D de nanoparticules d'Au, qui peuvent supporter des résonances des réseaux de surface couplées de manière diffractive; (II) Reseaux 3D à base de cristaux plasmoniques du type d'assemblage de bois. Une étude systématique des conditions d'excitation plasmonique, des propriétés et de la sensibilité à l'environnement local dans ces géométries métamatérielles est présentée. On montre que de tels réseaux peuvent combiner une très haute sensibilité spectrale (400 nm / RIU et 2600 nm / RIU, ensemble respectivement) et une sensibilité de phase exceptionnellement élevée (> 105 deg./RIU) et peuvent être utilisés pour améliorer l'état actuel de la technologie de biosensing the-art. Enfin, on propose une méthode de sondage du champ électrique excité par des nanostructures plasmoniques (nanoparticules uniques, dimères). On suppose que cette méthode aidera à concevoir des structures pour SERS (La spectroscopie du type Raman à surface renforcée), qui peut être utilisée comme une chaîne d'information supplémentaire à un biocapteur de transduction optique
This thesis consideres novel promissing architechtures of plasmonic metamaterial for biosensing, including: (I) 2D periodic arrays of Au nanoparticles, which can support diffractively coupled surface lattice resonances; (II) 3D periodic arrays based on woodpile-assembly plasmonic crystals, which can support novel delocalized plasmonic modes over 3D structure. A systematic study of conditions of plasmon excitation, properties and sensitivity to local environment is presented. It is shown that such arrays can combine very high spectral sensitivity (400nm/RIU and 2600 nm/RIU, respectively) and exceptionally high phase sensitivity (> 105 deg./RIU) and can be used for the improvement of current state-of-the-art biosensing technology. Finally, a method for probing electric field excited by plasmonic nanostructures (single nanoparticles, dimers) is proposed. It is implied that this method will help to design structures for SERS, which will later be used as an additional informational channel for biosensing

Since the discovery of the phosphotyrosine binding SH2 domain, many classes of phospho-recognition domains have been described which mediate many of the diverse cellular functions of protein kinases. Among those, FHA domains are unique in their ability to exclusively recognise pThr epitopes. The genome of the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis encodes 5 FHA domains, along with 11 Ser/Thr protein kinases. In the first part of this thesis, it is shown that Ser/Thr protein kinase PknB phosphorylates a threonine residue in an intrinsically unstructured region of protein FhaA. FhaA contains an FHA domain through which it interacts with and presumably inhibits MviN, a muropeptide flippase essential for cell-wall synthesis. Upon phosphorylation, the FHA domain binds the pThr epitope in an intra-molecular interaction occluding the MviN binding surface and alleviating its inhibition. Although the pThr-FHA interaction is relatively weak and nonspecific, the phosphorylated molecule nonetheless assumes a ‘closed’ conformation 99% of the time and is therefore able to outcompete the 2 orders of magnitude stronger bimolecular FHA-MviN interaction. In the second part, the phospho-binding capabilities of the human PIH1D1 protein were characterised. PIH1D1 has been shown to interact with a central chaperone assembly comprising the R2TP complex and Hsp90. It has also been shown to interact with co-factor Tel2 in a phospho-dependent manner essential for the stability of the ‘giant’ PI3-kinase-like kinases mTOR and SMG1. PIH1D1 is shown to function as a novel phospho-reader domain with a consensus binding sequence of D-pS-D-D, agreeing well with the substrate specificity of casein kinase 2. A mutant that abolishes phospho-binding was identified and used in binding experiments which showed that PIH1D1 interacts with the chaperone complex phospho-independently and that its phospho-binding capacity is utilised to recruit a subset of CK2 substrates to the chaperone complex.

Tutkielmassa on perehdytty lineaarisiin ryhmiin ja erityisesti astetta kaksi olevan projektiivisen erityisen lineaarisen ryhmän kunnan K suhteen, eli ryhmän PSL(2,K), yksinkertaisuuteen. Olennaisena osana tutkielmassa on siis yksinkertaisuus ja ryhmä on määritelmän mukaan yksinkertainen, mikäli sillä on ainoastaan triviaalit normaalit aliryhmät, eli neutraalialkio ja ryhmä itse. Alussa esitellään ryhmäteorian olennaisia peruskäsitteitä ja tarpeellisia peruslauseita, sekä valaistaan hieman matriisiteoriaa 2 x 2 -matriiseille. Näille lauseille ei kuitenkaan esitetä todistuksia, sillä nämä käsitellään enemmänkin perustietona, joihin lukija voi halutessaan perehtyä lähdemateriaalin avulla tarkemmin. Seuraavaksi määritellään tutkielmassa tarpeelliset kolme erilaista lineaarista ryhmää 2 x 2 -matriiseilla. Lineaariset ryhmät ovat matriiseista matriisien välisellä kertolaskulla muodostettuja ryhmiä ja matriisin alkiot ovat kunnan K alkioita. Lineaarisia ryhmiä koskevat lemmat todistetaan käyttäen hyväksi alussa esitettyjä tietoja. Tutkielmassa määriteltävää astetta kaksi olevaa yleistä lineaarista ryhmää kunnan K suhteen, eli ryhmää GL(2,K), ei käsitellä tarkasti. Se on kuitenkin hyödyllinen astetta kaksi olevan erityisen lineaarisen ryhmän kunnan K suhteen, eli ryhmän SL(2,K), määrittelyyn. Ryhmä SL(2,K) muodostuu matriiseista, joiden determinantti on kunnan K ykkösalkio. Pääpainona tutkielmassa on kuitenkin ryhmän SL(2,K) tekijäryhmässä, eli ryhmässä PSL(2,K). Tekijäryhmä muodostetaan ryhmän SL(2,K) keskuksen avulla. Tämän jälkeen keskitytään tutkimaan ryhmän PSL(2,K) yksinkertaisuutta. Aluksi osoitetaan, että mikäli kunnan K kertaluku on 2 tai 3, niin PSL(2,K) ei ole yksinkertainen. Kun kunnan K kertaluku on 2, käytetään hyväksi sopivaa syklistä aliryhmää ja kun kunnan K kertaluku on 3, tehdään ryhmälle PSL(2,K) konjugointiluokkatarkastelu. Tämän jälkeen tehdään merkittävästi laajemmat konjugointiluokkatarkastelut, joiden avulla havaitaan, että ryhmä PSL(2,K) on yksinkertainen, kun kunnan K kertaluku on 4 tai 5. Lopuksi tutkitaan yleistä tapausta käyttäen hyväksi transvektioita ja havaitaan, että ryhmä PSL(2,K) on yksinkertainen, jos ja vain jos kunnan K kertaluku on suurempi kuin kolme. Lopuksi valaistaan ryhmän PSL(m,K) yksinkertaisuutta, kun m. Nyt ei kuitenkaan todisteta enää varsinaisesti mitään, vaan tuloksia esitellään kerronnallisessa muodossa. Esimerkin avulla osoitetaan, miksi ryhmien PSL(2,K) ja PSL(m,K) yksinkertaisuuden osoittaminen ei onnistu samalla metodilla ja siten nämä tulee käsitellä erillisinä tapauksina. Lopussa tavoitteena ei ole perehdyttää lukijaa yleisen tapauksen todistuksiin, vaan valaista, mitä aiheeseen enemmän perehtyvä voi olettaa löytävänsä edestään.

We present an updated analysis of pulse profiles and their arrival-times from PSR B1534+12, a 37.9-ms pulsar that is orbiting a neutron star. Such “double-neutron-star” systems are expected to undergo various relativistic effects, such as orbital decay and precession, due to the strong-field nature of the local gravitational field (Damour & Taylor, 1992). A high-precision timing model is derived that accounts for all astrophysical processes that systematically affect pulse arrival-times. In the process of generating this model, we constrain parameters that characterize the interstellar environment, relative motion of the pulsar, its spin properties, and binary parameters. We measure five “post-Keplerian” parameters that represent relativistic corrections to the standard Keplerian quantities that describe a binary orbit. These relativistic parameters are then used to test general relativity by comparing the measured values with those predicted by Einstein’s grav- itational theory. We conclude that general relativity is confirmed to within ∼ 0.35% of its predictions. The measurement of orbital decay contains a bias due to relative acceleration in the Galactic potential, and cannot be corrected for at this time due to an unreliable measure of distance; however, we can use this bias as a means to constrain the distance the pulsar should be from Earth in order for general relativity to be the correct theory of gravity. We find this distance to be d_GR = 1.037 ± 0.012 kpc. We also present evidence for pulse “jitter” in PSR B1534+12, which indicates short-term magnetospheric activity and has significant implications for the long-term improvement of timing precision. In a separate study, we present an analysis on pulse-profile evolution that has been previously linked to relativistic spin precession (Stairs et al., 2004). The current results of our precession analysis cannot confirm general relativity using this relativistic effect, but future studies and observations are needed to constrain the precession rate of PSR B1534+12.

Dans ce mémoire de thèse, on étudie le morphisme de monoïde $mu$du monoïde libre sur l'alphabet des entiers $nb$,`a valeurs dans le groupe modulaire $PSL_2(zb)$,considéré comme monoïde, défini pour tout entier $a$ par $mu(a)=begin{pmatrix} 0 & -1 1 & a+1 end{pmatrix}.$Les nombres de Catalan apparaissent naturellement dans l'étudede sous-ensembles du noyau de $mu$.Dans un premier temps, on met en évidence deux systèmes de réécriture, l'un sur l'alphabet fini ${0,1}$, l'autresur l'alphabet infini des entiers $nb$ et on montreque ces deux systèmes de réécriture définissent des présentations de monoïde de $PSL_2(zb)$ par générateurs et relations.Par ailleurs, on introduit le morphisme d'indice associé `a l'abélianisé du rev^etement universel de $PSL_2(zb)$,le groupe $B_3$ des tresses `a trois brins. Interprété dans deux contextes différents,le morphisme d'indice est associé au nombre de "demi-tours".Ensuite, dans les quatrième et cinquième parties, on dénombre des sous-ensembles du noyau de $mu_{|{0,1}}$ etdu noyau de $mu$, bigradués par la longueur et l'indice. La suite des nombres de Catalan et d'autres diagonales du triangle de Catalan interviennentsimplement dans les résultats.Enfin, on présente l'origine géométrique de cette étude : on explicite le lien entre l'objectif premier de la thèse qui était l'étudedes polygones convexes entiers d'aire minimale et notre intéret pour le monoïde engendré par ces matrices particulières de $PSL_2(zb)$
In this thesis, we study a morphism of mono"id $mu$ between the free mono"id on the alphabet of integers $nb$and the modular group $PSL_2(zb)$ considered as a mono"id, defined for all integer $a$by $mu(a)=begin{pmatrix} 0 & -1 1 & a+1 end{pmatrix}.$ The Catalan Numbers arised naturally in the study ofsubsets of the kernel of the morphism $mu$.Firstly, we introduce two rewriting systems, one on the finite alphabet ${0,1}$, and the other on the infinite alphabet of integers $nb$. We proove that bothof these rewriting systems defines a mono"id presentation of $PSL_2(zb)$ by generators and relations.On another note, we introduce the morphism of loop associated to the abelianised of the universal covering group of $PSL_2(zb)$, the group $B_3$ ofbraid group on $3$ strands. In two different contexts, the morphism of loop is associated to the number of "half-turns".Then, in the fourth and the fifth parts, we numerate subsets of the kernel of $mu_{|{0,1}}$ and of the kernel of $mu$,bi-graduated by the morphism of lengthand the morphism of loop. The sequences of Catalan numbers and other diagonals of the Catalan triangle come into the results.Lastly, we present the geometrical origin of this research : we detail the connection between our first aim,which was the study of convex integer polygones ofminimal area, and our interest for the mono"id generated by these particular matrices of $PSL_2(zb)$

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Matemática, 2008.
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Os grupos de Bianchi Γd = PSL2(Od) com d > 0 inteiro livre de quadrados, onde Od é o anel de inteiros do corpo Q(p√(-d)), são importantes devido as suas aplicações em Geometria e Teoria dos Números. A propriedade de separabilidade sob conjugação é importante pois foi notado por Mal´cev em 1958 que o problema da conjugação para grupos finitamente apresentados separáveis sob conjugação é solúvel. Em 1998, Wilson e Zalesski demonstraram que Γd é separável sob conjugação para d = 1; 2; 7; 11 e conjecturaram que todos Γd são separáveis sob conjugação. Nesta tese foi provado que 3 é separável sob conjugação. Combinando com o resultado acima, fica mostrado que todos os grupos de Bianchi Euclideanos são separáveis sob conjugação. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
TThe Bianchi groups Γd = PSL2(Od) with d > 0 square-free integer, where Od is the ring of integers of the field Q(p√(-d)), are important because their applications in Geometry and Number Theory. The conjugacy separability property is important because as noted by Mal´cev in 1958, the conjugacy problem for finitely presented conjugacy separable groups is soluble. In 1998, Wilson and Zalesski showed that d is conjugacy separable for d = 1; 2; 7; 11 and they conjectured that all Γd are conjugacy separable. In the thesis was proved that Γ3 is conjugacy separable. Combining with previous results this shows that all Euclidean Bianchi groups are conjugacy separable.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Ayazi, Farrokh, Committee Member ; Rincon-Mora, Gabriel, Committee Chair ; Bhatti, Pamela, Committee Member ; Leach, W. Marshall, Committee Member ; Morley, Thomas, Committee Member.

PSR B1259-63 ist ein Binärsystem in welchem ein Pulsar um einen massereichen Be-Stern kreist. Dieses System weist variable, nicht thermische Strahlung um den Periastron herum auf, welche vom Radiobereich bis zu sehr hohen Energien (engl. very-high-energy VHE; E > 100 GeV) sichtbar ist. Die vorliegende Dissertation präsentiert VHE Daten des Systems, gemessen in den Jahren 2005, 2006 b.z.w. vor und kurz nach dem Periastron im Jahr 2007. Diese Daten erweitern das Wissen um die Lichtkurve dieses Objektes über alle Phasen der Umlaufbahn. Diese Daten wurden mit den H.E.S.S. Teleskopen gewonnen. Gamma-Strahlung in einem Energiebereich von 0.5-70 TeV wurde gemessen. Von PSR B1259-63 wurde, unter Verwendung von 55 h Detektorzeit im Jahr 2007, VHE Strahlung mit einer Gesamtsignifikanz von 9.5 Sigma detektiert. Der monatliche Photonen-Fluss wurde vermessen was erstmals zu VHE Lichtkurvendaten noch weit vor dem Periastron führte. PSR B1259-63 wurde auch in den Jahren 2005 und 2006, weit weg vom Periastron, ueberwacht. Hierbei war kein signifikanter Ueberschuss an gamma-Strahlung über Untergrund zu verzeichnen. Die signifikante Detektion von VHE Photonen, die bei einer wahren Anomalie von -0.35 , also bereits 50 Tage vor dem Periastron, ausgesendet wurden, schliesst ein Szenario mit stellarer Scheibe als Zielmaterial für hadronische Wechselwirkungen als Hauptemissionsmechanismus eher aus. Weiters konnten innerhalb einer phänomenologischen Studie Hinweise gefunden werden, dass PSR B1259-63 ein periodischer VHE Strahler ist. Darüber hinaus wurden Modellrechnungen, die auf inverser Comptonstreuung (IC) von schockbeschleunigten Pulsarwindelektronen basieren, durchgeführt. Das dargestellte Modell berücksichtigt strahlungsfreie Verluste, die möglicherweise im Bereich, in dem der Pulsarwind terminiert wird, eine Rolle spielen. Die gefundenen Ergebnisse zeigen ein eigentümliches nicht radiatives Kühlverhalten um den Periastron, das die VHE Emission in PSR B1259-63 dominiert.
PSR B1259-63 is a binary system where a 48 ms pulsar orbits a massive Be star. The system exhibits variable, non-thermal radiation around periastron visible from radio to very high energies (VHE; E>100 GeV). This thesis presents VHE data from PSR B1259-63 as taken during the years 2005, 2006 and before as well as shortly after the 2007 periastron passage. These data extend the knowledge of the lightcurve of this object to all phases of the binary orbit. Observations of VHE gamma-rays with the H.E.S.S. telescope array were performed. Gamma-ray events in an energy range of 0.5-70 TeV were recorded. VHE gamma-ray emission from PSR B1259-63 was detected with an overall significance of 9.5 standard deviations using 55 h of exposure, obtained in 2007. The monthly flux of gamma-rays during the observation period was measured, yielding VHE lightcurve data for the early pre-periastron phase of the system for the first time. PSR B1259-63 was also monitored in 2005 and 2006, far from periastron passage, comprising 8.9 h and 7.5 h of exposure, respectively. No significant excess of gamma-rays is seen in those observations. The firm detection of VHE photons emitted at a true anomaly of -0.35 of the pulsar orbit, i.e. already ~50 days prior to the periastron passage, disfavors the stellar disc target scenario as a primary emission mechanism, based on current knowledge about the companion star''s disc inclination, extension, and density profile. In a phenomenological study indirect evidence that PSR B1259-63 could in fact be a periodical VHE emitter is presented using the TeV data discussed in this work. Moreover, model calculations based on inverse compton (IC) scattering of shock accelerated pulsar wind electrons were performed. The model presented accounts for non-radiative losses possibly at work in the region where the pulsar wind is shocked by stellar outflows. The presented results show a peculiar non-radiative cooling profile around periastron dominating the VHE emission.

Thesis (M. S.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Rincón-Mora, Gabriel; Committee Member: Ghovanloo, Maysam; Committee Member: Leach, W. Marshall.

In this diploma thesis an algorithm for the evaluation of picture quality of H.264-coded video sequences is introduced and applied. As a measure of picture quality objective metric the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) is used. While the computation of the PSNR usually requires a reference signal and compares it to the distorted video sequence, this algorithm is able to evaluate PSNR following the coded transform coefficients. Thus, no reference signal is needed.

Pulsars are neutron stars (NS) that produce beamed radio-frequency emission. Due to their rapid, steady rotation rate, this signal is detected as a series of pulses whose integrated profile is unusually stable over time. Pulsars in double neutron star (DNS) binary systems are a rare, but extremely useful, astronomical tool and have been used in tests of gravity theories in the strong-gravitational field limit. Rarer still are DNS systems in which both objects have been detected as pulsars; only one such system has been found thus far -- PSR J0737-3039A/B. Discovered over a decade ago, this system consists of one recycled pulsar, PSR J0737-3039A, and its companion, PSR J0737-3039B, which has since become undetectable. In any pulsar-related research, precise timing is necessary to produce meaningful results. The pulse time of arrivals (TOAs) are greatly affected by the medium through which the electromagnetic (EM) signal travels in both frequency-dependent and -independent ways. Even after accounting for such effects, many pulse profiles still exhibit frequency-dependent shape changes, which can greatly affect the precision of the timing results. Traditionally, corrections are applied to the TOAs after calculation in an ad hoc manner. In contrast to this, we explored the wideband timing algorithm developed by Timothy T. Pennucci and collaborators which accounts for frequency-dependent profile changes through a two-dimensional Gaussian pulse portrait model implemented in the TOA calculations. It was found that the portrait model is well-representative of the pulse profile shape over a wide frequency range. This method is also able to produce a robust set of wideband TOAs. The subsequent timing model, determined with TEMPO timing software, was found to be comparable to those produced from subbanded TOAs derived though more traditional methods. Some inconsistencies between the timing model astrometric and spin parameters of the wideband and subbanded data of this well-studied pulsar imply potential difficulties in achieving precise timing results not only for this pulsar, but for others, such as those used in pulsar timing arrays aiming to detect gravitational waves.
Science, Faculty of
Physics and Astronomy, Department of
Graduate

This thesis reports on the recent results of a continuing, high-precision pulsar timing project, currently focused on the nearby, binary millisecond pulsar, PSR J0437_4715. Pulse arrival time analysis has yielded a remarkable series of constraints on the physical parameters of this system and evidence for the distortion of space-time as predicted by the General Theory of Relativity. Owing to the proximity of the PSR J0437_4715 system, relative changes in the positions of the Earth and pulsar result in both annual and secular evolution of the line of sight to the pulsar. Although the changes are miniscule, the effects on the projected orbital parameters are detectable in our data at a high level of significance, necessitating the implementation of an improved timing model. In addition to producing estimates of astrometric parameters with unparalleled precision, the study has also yielded the first three-dimensional orbital geometry of a binary pulsar. This achievement includes the first classical determination of the orbital inclination, thereby providing the unique opportunity to verify the shape of the Shapiro delay and independently confirm a general relativistic prediction. With a current post-fit arrival time residual RMS of 130 ns over four years, the unrivaled quality of the timing data presented herein may eventually contribute to the most stringent limit on the energy density of the proposed stochastic gravitational wave background. Continuing the quest for even greater timing precision, a detailed study of the polarimetry of PSR J0437_4715 was undertaken. This effort culminated in the development of a new, phase-coherent technique for calibrating the instrumental response of the observing system. Observations were conducted at the Parkes 64-m radio telescope in New South Wales, Australia, using baseband recorder technologies developed at York University, Toronto, and at the California Institute of Technology. Data were processed off-line at Swinburne University using a beowulf-style cluster of high-performance workstations and custom software developed by the candidate as part of this thesis.

Hadwiger's conjecture is one of the deepest open questions in graph theory, and Cayley graphs are an applicable and useful subtopic of algebra. Chapter 1 will introduce Hadwiger's conjecture and Cayley graphs, providing a summary of background information on those topics, and continuing by introducing our problem. Chapter 2 will provide necessary definitions. Chapter 3 will give a brief survey of background information and of the existing literature on Hadwiger's conjecture, Hamiltonicity, and the isoperimetric number; in this chapter we will explore what cases are already shown and what the most recent results are. Chapter 4 will give our decomposition theorem about PSL2 (R). Chapter 5 will continue with corollaries of the decomposition theorem, including showing that Hadwiger's conjecture holds for our Cayley graphs. Chapter 6 will finish with some interesting examples.

ALICE is one of four major experiments of particle accelerator LHC installed in the European laboratory CERN. The management committee of the LHC accelerator has just approved a program update for this experiment. Among the upgrades planned for the coming years of the ALICE experiment is to improve the resolution and tracking efficiency maintaining the excellent particles identification ability, and to increase the read-out event rate to 100 KHz. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to update the Time Projection Chamber detector (TPC) and Muon tracking (MCH) detector modifying the read-out electronics, which is not suitable for this migration. To overcome this limitation the design, fabrication and experimental test of new ASIC named SAMPA has been proposed . This ASIC will support both positive and negative polarities, with 32 channels per chip and continuous data readout with smaller power consumption than the previous versions. This work aims to design, fabrication and experimental test of a readout front-end in 130nm CMOS technology with configurable polarity (positive/negative), peaking time and sensitivity. The new SAMPA ASIC can be used in both chambers (TPC and MCH). The proposed front-end is composed of a Charge Sensitive Amplifier (CSA) and a Semi-Gaussian shaper. In order to obtain an ASIC integrating 32 channels per chip, the design of the proposed front-end requires small area and low power consumption, but at the same time requires low noise. In this sense, a new Noise and PSRR (Power Supply Rejection Ratio) improvement technique for the CSA design without power and area impact is proposed in this work. The analysis and equations of the proposed circuit are presented which were verified by electrical simulations and experimental test of a produced chip with 5 channels of the designed front-end. The measured equivalent noise charge was <550e for 30mV/fC of sensitivity at a input capacitance of 18.5pF. The total core area of the front-end was 2300?m × 150?m, and the measured total power consumption was 9.1mW per channel.
ALICE é um dos quatro grandes experimentos do acelerador de partículas LHC (Large Hadron Collider) instalado no laboratório europeu CERN. Um programa de atualizações desse experimento acaba de ser aprovado pelo comitê gestor do acelerador LHC. Dentro das atualizações planejadas para os próximos anos do experimento ALICE, está melhorar a resolução e eficiência de rastreamento de partículas produzidas em colisões entre íons pesados, mantendo a excelente capacidade de identificação de partículas para uma taxa de leitura de eventos significativamente maior da atual. Para se alcançar esse objetivo, entre outras ações, é preciso atualizar os detectores Time Projection Chamber (TPC), modificando a eletrônica de leitura de eventos, a qual não é adequada para esta migração. Para superar esta limitação tem sido proposto o projeto, simulação, fabricação, teste experimental e validação de um ASIC protótipo de aquisição de sinais e de processamento digital chamado SAMPA, que possa ser usado na eletrônica de detecção dos sinais no cátodo do TPC, que suporte polaridades negativas de tensão de entrada e leitura continua de dados, com 32 canais por chip, com menor consumo de potência comparado com a versão anterior do chip. Este trabalho tem como objetivo o projeto, fabricação, e teste experimental de um readout front-end em tecnologia CMOS 130nm, com polaridade configurable (positiva/ negativa), peaking time e sensibilidade, de forma que o novo SAMPA ASIC possa ser usada em ambos detectores. Para obter um ASIC integrando 32 canais por chip, o projeto do front-end proposto precisa ter baixa área e baixo consumo de potência, mas ao mesmo tempo requer baixo ruido. Neste sentido, uma nova técnica para melhorar a especificação de ruido e o PSRR (Power Supply Rejection Ratio) sem impacto no consumo de área e potência é proposta neste trabalho. A análise e as equações do circuito proposto são apresentadas as quais foram validadas por simulação e teste experimental de um circuito integrado com 5 canais do front-end projetado. O Equivalent Noise Charge medido foi <550e para uma capacitance do detector de 18.5pF. A área total do front-end foi de 2300?m × 150?m, e o consumo total de potencia medido foi de 9.1mW por canal.

Public Safety Cognitive Radio (PSCR) is a Software Defined Radio(SDR) developed by the Center for Wireless Telecommunications (CWT) at Virginia Tech. PSCR can configure itself to interoperate with any public safety waveform it finds during the scan procedure. It also offers users the capability to scan/classify both analog and digital waveforms. The current PSCR architecture can only run on a general purpose processor and hence is not deployable to the public safety personnel. In the first part of this thesis an Android based control application for the PSCR on a Beagle Board(BB) and the GUI for the control application are developed. The Beagle Board is a low-cost, fan- less single board computer that unleashes laptop-like performance and expandability. The Android based Nexus One connected to the Beagle Board via USB is used to control the Beagle Board and enable operations like scan, classify, talk, gateway etc. In addition to the features that exist in the current PSCR a new feature that enables interoperation with P25 (CPFSK modulation) protocol based radios is added. In this effort of porting the PSCR to Beagle Board my contributions are the following (i) communication protocol between the Beagle Board and the Nexus One (ii) PSCR control application on the Android based Nexus One (iii) detection/classification of P25 protocol based radios. In the second part of this thesis, a prototype testbed of a Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) broker that uses the Beagle Board PSCR based sensor/classifier is developed. DSA in simple terms is a concept that lets the user without license (secondary user) to a particular frequency access that frequency, when the licensed user (primary user) is not using it. In the proposed testbed we have two Beagle Board based sen- sor/classifiers that cooperatively scan the spectrum and report the results to the central DSA broker. The DSA broker then identifies the frequency spectrum with- out primary users and informs the secondary users about the free spectrum. The secondary users can then communicate among each other using the frequency band allocated by the DSA broker. When the primary user enters the spectrum occupied by the secondary user, the DSA broker instructs the secondary user to use a different spectrum. Based on the experiments conducted on the testbed setup in the CWT lab environment, the average time taken by the DSA broker to detect the presence of primary user is 0.636 secs and the average time taken for the secondary user to leave the frequency band that interferes with the primary user is 0.653 secs.
Master of Science

An eleven-year series of radio timing observations of 0833- 45 (Vela) and PSR 1641- 45 is presented. During this time, five large spin-ups ("glitches") were observed in 0833- 45 and one in 1641-45. The stellar response to these events is investigated, and the three relat ively long complete inter-glitch intervals in 0833-45 are modeled. The results are of relevance to studies of the interiors of neutron stars. The initial aim of the project - to obtain good observational coverage of large glitches in the Vela pulsar - was successfully achieved, and high quality observations of the periods between glitches were obtained as a by-product. The results of the analysis presented here provide support for the existence of both linear and non-linear coupling in the Vela pulsar, and put a limit on the former in PSR 1641- 45. The recently observed existence of a rapidly recovering component of part of a glitch in Vela was verified in the subsequent glitch, although there is now evidence to contradict the suggestion that this component involves a particular region of the star that is implicated in every glitch. Observations of a recent glitch in the same pulsar have resolved a small component of the spin-up; such a component has not been reported for any other large glitch.

This study explores the potential use of PSL as a standard language for process information exchange between software applications in construction. The applicability of PSL in construction was investigated and the impact of the language on software interoperability was evaluated. To investigate the applicability of PSL in construction, the construction process information representations (data types) within the pre-construction stages were identified through a technical analysis of the supporting software applications.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
INTRODUCTION: Psoriasis, chronic inflammatory skin disease, Characterized by pink or reddish lesions, covered by whitish and dry scales,Its plaque format is the most common type.In all forms of psoriasis, nail involvement may be present in about 50% of cases.Individuals with psoriasis have nail deformities and a tendency to develop psoriatic arthritis.Psoriatic arthritis inflammatory disease of the joints in a divergent way involves the spine and peripheral joints, can affect up to 30% of people with psoriasis between 5 to 12 years after their development as dactylitis, enthesitis and peripheral joints.This complicates the diagnosis because the involvement of the skin can affect before the joint involvement. There is an immunological development in the pathogenesis of this disease immunized by Th1 and Th17 cells.Recently there is evidence that plays a crucial role in the pathology of psoriatic arthritis.The prevalence of 06% to 42% of patients with psoriasis develop a joint disease. Some studies have been analyzing these items in detail, thus giving rise to methods for measuring quality of life, since to obtain a quality life it is necessary to evaluate the individual as a whole in psychological, social and physical aspects. The questionnaires are instruments, in which they collect information and characterize a composite research technique, in the objective form of questions presented in writing in the research, in application of the knowledge of the researcher.PASE-P: developed as a screening tool for PAs more effectively in individuals with Ps and validated by Husni, et al.2007. Its sensitivity is 76% and specificity is 82%. NAPSI instrument that evaluates each nail by dividing them into four quadrants, to be evaluated for the presence of any alteration coming from both the nail matrix and nail bed. PASI: An instrument developed in 1978 to quantify the severity of Ps in order to evaluate the body surface and was segmented into 04 regions of the head, trunk, lower limbs and upper limbs evaluated on a scale of 0 to 72.DLQI: Questionnaire aiming to obtain detailed data on the quality of life of patients with psoriasis.And it consists of 10 questions about symptoms and feelings, daily activities, leisure, work and school, personal relationships and treatment. CASPAR: Investigates the presence of joint manifestations, dermatological diseases or family history, typical nail changes, the existence of joint swelling and radiological changes. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the presence of arthritis in male and female patients with Ps, aged between 18 and 80 years using a specific questionnaire to evaluate the severity of psoriasis, using PASE-P, NAPSI, PASI, DLQI AND CASPAR. And determine by means of laboratory variables the PCR and FR. OBJECTIVE: To compare and correlate the severity parameters of psoriasis PASE-P, NAPSI, PASI, DLQI and CASPAR in a screening with patients from the dermatology outpatient clinic to identify psoriatic arthritis, seeking correlations with literature content.METHOD: The study used a cross-sectional, longitudinal and prospective study, approved by the Research Ethics Committee (CEP) of the Celso Pierro Hospital and Maternity Hospital (HMCP) in Campinas-SP. RESULTS: During the study, 63 patients did not present withdrawal, 57.1% were men and 42.9% were women. We obtained a statistically significant correlation between PASE-B, which depicts the functionality and the CRP that characterizes the inflammatory activity.Patients with a PASE-P score greater than 44, defined as suspected APs, 15.9% of arthritis. Correlations for PASE-P greater than 44 obtained the following statistically significant correlations PASE-B with PASI r = 0.736, p = 0.037, DLQI with PCR r = 0.900, p = 0.037, PASE-B with PCR; R = 0.360, p-0.021, PASI with NAPSI ML, r = 0.353. There was a statistically significant correlation between PASE-B which depicts functionality and the CRP that characterizes inflammatory activity. DISCUSSION: The choice of PASE-P, NAPSI, DLQI, PASI and CASPAR instruments in psoriasis was to evaluate their applicability in clinical practice. PASE-P has proved to be relevant, since it is a simple and quick and practical resource, and so far there are few studies with the publication in the Portuguese language version. The questionnaire PASS a recent tool to evaluate psoriatic arthritis, developed by Husni, et al, 2007. CONCLUSION: PASE-P as a specific instrument has been shown to be effective in the detection of some PA patients in a group of patients with psoriasis, as seen in the literature. Each case should be individualized and treated according to the association of disease severity parameters. It can be emphasized, therefore, that the association of PASE, CASPAR, NAPSI and DLQI can be of great assistance in clinical practice for both evolutionary follow-up and therapeutic decision-making. Taking into account that according to what was shown in this study the PASE-P is a specific instrument and that in a dynamic and effective way when detecting PAs in patients.
INTRODU??O: Psor?ase doen?a inflamat?ria cr?nica da pele, caracterizada por les?es r?seas ou avermelhadas, recobertas por escamas esbranqui?adas e secas, seu formato em placas ? o tipo mais comum. Em todas as formas de psor?ase o envolvimento ungueal pode estar presente em cerca de 50% dos casos. Os indiv?duos com psor?ase apresentam deformidades nas unhas e tend?ncia a desenvolver artrite psori?sica. A artrite psori?sica doen?a inflamat?ria das articula??es de maneira divergente envolve a coluna vertebral e articula??es perif?ricas, pode afetar at? 30% das pessoas portadoras da psor?ase entre 5 a 12 anos ap?s seu desenvolvimento como dactilite,entesite e articula??es perif?ricas. O que dificulta o diagn?stico pois os envolvimento cut?neo pode acometer antes do comprometimento articular. Existem um desenvolvimento imunol?gico na patog?nese desta doen?a imunodiada por c?lulas Th1 e Th17. Recentemente h? evidencias que desempenham um papel crucial na patologia da artrite psori?sica. A preval?ncia de 06% a 42% dos pacientes com psor?ase desenvolvem uma doen?a articular. Alguns estudos vem analisando minuciosamente estes itens, surgindo assim m?todos para mensurar a qualidade de vida, pois para obter uma vida com qualidade ? necess?rio avaliar o indiv?duo como um todo em aspectos psicol?gicos, social e f?sico. Os question?rios s?o instrumentos, nos quais coletam informa??es e caracterizam uma t?cnica de investiga??o composta, na forma objetiva de quest?es apresentadas por escrito na pesquisa, em aplica??o do conhecimento do pesquisador. PASE-P: desenvolvidos como uma ferramenta de triagem para APs de forma mais eficaz em indiv?duos com Ps e validados por Husni, et al.2007.Sua sensibilidade e de 76% e especificidade de 82%. NAPSI instrumento que avalia cada unha dividindo as em quatro quadrantes, para ser avaliada quanto a presen?a de qualquer altera??o provenientes tanto da matriz da unha quanto leito ungueal. PASI: Instrumento desenvolvido em 1978, para quantificar a gravidade da Ps, com o objetivo de avaliar a superf?cie corporal e para isto foi segmentado em 04 regi?es cabe?a, tronco, membros inferiores e membros superiores, avaliado em uma escala de 0 a 72.DLQI: Question?rio com intuito em obter dados de forma detalhada sobre a qualidade de vida dos portadores da psor?ase. E composto por 10 quest?es sobre sintomas e sentimentos, atividades di?rias, lazer, trabalho e escola, rela??es pessoais e tratamento. CASPAR: Investiga a presen?a de manifesta??es articulares, doen?as dermatol?gicas ou hist?rico familiar, mudan?as ungueais de forma t?pica, exist?ncia de incha?o articular e altera??es radiol?gicas. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a presen?a da artrite em pacientes do g?nero masculino e feminino com Ps, com idade entre 18 a 80 anos atrav?s de question?rio espec?fico para avalia??o da gravidade da psor?ase, atrav?s de instrumentos de avalia??o e classifica??o PASE-P, NAPSI, PASI, DLQI E CASPAR. E determinar por meio de vari?veis laboratoriais o PCR e FR. OBJETIVO ESPECIFICO: Comparar e correlacionar os par?metros de gravidade da psor?ase PASE-P, NAPSI, PASI, DLQI E CASPAR em uma triagem com pacientes do ambulat?rio de dermatologia afim de identificar a artrite psori?sica, buscando correla??es com conte?do da literatura. M?TODO: A pesquisa utilizou um estudo transversal, longitudinal e prospectivo, aprovado pelo Comit? de ?tica em Pesquisa (CEP) do Hospital e Maternidade Celso Pierro (HMCP) em Campinas-SP. RESULTADOS: Durante a pesquisa fizeram parte da popula??o 63 pacientes n?o havendo desist?ncia, sendo 57,1% eram homens e 42,9% eram mulheres. Obtivemos correla??o estatisticamente significativa entre o PASE-B, que retrata a funcionalidade e o PCR que caracteriza a atividade inflamat?ria. Pacientes com escore de PASE-P maior que 44, definiram se como suspeita de APs, 15,9% de artrite. Correla??es para o PASE-P maior que 44 obtivemos as seguintes correla??es estatisticamente significativas PASE-B com PASI r= 0,736, p=0,037, DLQI com PCR r=0,900, p=0,037, PASE-B com PCR; r=0,360, p- 0,021, PASI com NAPSI ML, r=0, 353.Houve correla??o estatisticamente significativa entre PASE-B que retrata funcionalidade e o PCR que caracteriza atividade inflamat?ria. DISCUSSAO: A escolha dos instrumentos PASE-P, NAPSI, DLQI, PASI E CASPAR, na psor?ase foram para avaliar suas aplicabilidades na pratica cl?nica. O PASE-P mostrou se relevante, pois e um recurso simples r?pido e pr?tico, e at? o momento h? poucos estudos com a publica??o na vers?o da l?ngua portuguesa. O question?rio PASE uma ferramenta recente em avaliar a artrite psori?sica, desenvolvido por Husni, et al,2007. CONCLUS?O: O PASE-P como instrumento especifico se mostrou eficaz na detec??o de alguns pacientes com APs em um grupo de pacientes com psor?ase, como visto na literatura. Cada caso deve ser individualizado e tratado de acordo com a associa??o dos par?metros de gravidade da doen?a. Pode-se ressaltar, portanto, que a associa??o do PASE, CASPAR, NAPSI e DLQI pode servir de grande aux?lio na pr?tica cl?nica tanto para o acompanhamento evolutivo, quanto para a tomada de decis?es terap?uticas. Levando em considera??o que de acordo com o que foi mostrado neste estudo o PASE-P ? um instrumento espec?fico e que de forma din?mica e eficaz ao detectar a APs em pacientes.

ABSTRACT – ITALIANO Lo strumento principale con cui la Commissione Europea interviene sui temi di politica agricola , e in molti casi ambientale, è la PAC (Politica Agricola Comune) attraverso gli strumenti del primo e del secondo pilastro. Nel presente lavoro ci si soffermerà esclusivamente sulle politiche relative al secondo pilastro della PAC: il FEASR (Fondo europeo agricolo per lo sviluppo rurale), fondo dedicato alle politiche di sviluppo rurale, strumento attraverso il quale l’Unione Europea e gli stati nazionali (e nel caso dell’Italia e di alcuni altri stati Europei le regioni) operano, e il PSR (Piano di Sviluppo Rurale). Tale analisi non può prescindere da un’analitica verifica degli effetti delle precedenti politiche, sia sui territori nel loro complesso che sulle singole aziende o su comparti omogenei. Tale verifica va effettuata valutando con attenzione le varie tipologie di impatti e miglioramenti ottenuti con l’impiego delle risorse da parte del decisore politico e degli stakeholder sulle varie regioni e nei vari paesi. Ad oggi esistono numerose metodologie di valutazione che permettono quest’analisi e che spaziano da valutazioni estremamente superficiali, ma che permettono di avere risultati immediati, veloci e poco costosi, a valutazioni estremamente analitiche e approfondite. La necessità diventa quindi quella di riuscire a trovare un giusto compromesso fra costi, tempistica e risultati. In questo lavoro si cerca di proporre una metodologia di valutazione che non vuole essere esaustiva e con un grado di precisione assoluto ma che vuole cercare di coniugare le differenti esigenze del decisore politico. Attraverso la metodologia proposta si vuole dimostrare che è possibile fornire alla politica uno strumento di analisi analitica , e quindi quantitativa, sufficientemente preciso ma dai costi non eccessivamente elevati e con delle tempistiche di attuazione relativamente contenute. All’interno del lavoro si cercherà di dare un quadro sufficientemente preciso dello stato attuale della scienza della valutazione ,con gli ovvi limiti posti sia da questioni di spazio che di tempo, e allo stesso tempo fornirà un breve quadro degli strumenti fino ad ora utilizzati per la valutazione dei PSR in Italia. In ultima analisi si presenterà la proposta metodologica per la valutazione dei PSR cercando di fornire un quadro chiaro e puntuale sui suoi limiti e sulle possibilità eventualmente sfruttabili dalla sua applicazione. ABSTRACT – ENGLISH The main tool by which the European Commission intervenes on issues of agricultural policy, and in many cases environmental policy, is the CAP (Common Agricultural Policy): through the tools of the first and second pillar. In this paper we will focus exclusively on policies related to the second pillar of the CAP: the EAFRD (European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development), fund dedicated to rural development policies, instrument through which the EU and the States work (in Italy’s case and some other European State, the regions work too), and the RDP (Rural Development Plan). This analysis is not possible without an analytical verification of the effects of previous policies, on the territories in their entirety as on single companies or homogeneous sections. This check must be done carefully evaluating the various types of impacts and improvements resulting from the use of resources by the policy-maker and stakeholders on the different regions and in different countries. Today there are many evaluation methods that allow this analysis: extremely superficial assessments, but that allow to have instant results, fast and inexpensive, or extremely analytical and in-depth assessments. The need becomes to be able to find a good compromise between cost, schedule and results. This paper tries to propose an evaluation methodology that does not want to be exhaustive and with a degree of precision absolute but who wants to try to combine the different needs of the policy maker. Through the proposed methodology will be to demonstrate that is possible to provide to the policy an analytical analysis tool, quantitative, and therefore, sufficiently precise but does not have disproportionately high costs and timing of implementation relatively contained. Within the work will try to give a sufficiently precise framework of the current state of the science of assessment, with the obvious limits imposed both by questions of space and time, and at the same time will provide a brief overview of the tools used up to now for evaluation of RDP in Italy. Ultimately will be presented the methodological proposal for the evaluation of RDP, trying to provide a clear and accurate framework on its limitations and possibilities that its application can create.

Orientadores: Karina Gonzales Silvério Ruiz, Cristiane Ribeiro Salmon
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: As doenças periodontais são doenças inflamatórias crônicas que afetam os tecidos periodontais de suporte do dente podendo ser destrutivas ou não. A identificação dessas doenças em estudos epidemiológicos é feita com o uso de índices periodontais que visam simplificar a coleta dos dados e possibilitar a identificação da doença em grandes populações. O presente estudo teve como objetivos avaliar as condições de saúde bucal da população do Município de Jundiaí, SP, determinando a prevalência das condições periodontais em indivíduos adultos e idosos comparando o Índice Periodontal Comunitário (CPI) e o Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR), descrever o perfil demográfico, socioeconômico, o acesso a serviços odontológicos e os hábitos de higiene bucal e verificar a associação entre condições socioeconômicas, demográficas, hábitos de higiene bucal, utilização de serviço odontológico e tabagismo com a doença periodontal. Este estudo transversal foi realizado no Município de Jundiaí, Estado de São Paulo, entre o período de abril a setembro/2014. Foram estudados 372 indivíduos adultos (35 a 44 anos de idade) e 162 idosos (65 a 74 anos de idade) residentes no Município de Jundiaí e visitados em suas residências. Participaram da coleta de dados 5 Cirurgiões-Dentistas que passaram por calibração, apresentando concordância para os índices CPI e PSR de 63 a 91%, com Kappa variando de 0,63 a 0,76. Para as características demográficas e socioeconômicas, hábitos de higiene bucal, informações sobre saúde bucal, utilização de serviço odontológico e condições periodontais, foi realizada a análise descritiva dos dados para a população adulta e idosa, apresentada como valores absolutos (n) e prevalência (%). A diferença entre a média de sextantes afetados com cada condição periodontal para os índices CPI e PSR foi avaliada pelo teste T pareado. Verificou-se que 68% dos adultos e 60,5% dos idosos examinados eram do sexo feminino, 46% e 37% têm renda familiar de 4 salários mínimos ou mais, respectivamente. 57,3% dos adultos e 64,2% dos idosos afirmaram desconhecer o que é a doença periodontal. 58,6% dos adultos com profundidade de bolsa ?4mm afirmaram ter vivido uma infância pobre ou muito pobre e 73,9% afirmaram que a situação econômica atual estava melhor que a da infância. Comparando-se os índices CPI e PSR, houve diferença estatística significativa para o diagnóstico de sextantes saudáveis, presença de bolsa rasa (código 3, bolsa periodontais de 4mm a 5mm) e bolsa profunda (código 4, bolsas com profundidade de sondagem ?6mm), sendo que o índice CPI subestimou a periodontite e superestimou os sextantes saudáveis quando comparado aos resultados de PSR. Escolaridade, situação econômica na infância, frequência de visita ao dentista, uso de fio dental e tabagismo, estiveram associados a maior prevalência de doença periodontal na população adulta. Por outro lado, somente o intervalo de tempo desde a última consulta odontológica e o fato do indivíduo ser ex-fumante estiveram associados a maior prevalência de doença periodontal nos indivíduos idosos
Abstract: Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory diseases that affect the periodontal tissues of tooth support and can be destructive or not. The identification of these diseases in epidemiological studies is made with the use of periodontal index to simplify data collection and enable the identification of disease in large populations. This study aimed to evaluate the oral health status of the population of the city of Jundiaí, SP. Determinate the prevalence of periodontal conditions in adults and elderly subjects by comparing the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and the Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR). Describe the demographic and socioeconomic profile, access to dental services and oral hygiene habits. Determinate the association between socioeconomic and demographic conditions, oral hygiene, dental service use and smoking habits with periodontal disease. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Jundiaí, São Paulo, between the period April to September / 2014. 372 adults (35-44 years old) were studied and 162 elderly (65-74 years old) residing in the city of Jundiaí and visited in their homes. Participated in data collection 5 dentists who pass through calibration, with agreement for the CPI and PSR rates 63-91%, with kappa ranging from 0.63 to 0.76. For demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, oral hygiene habits, information on oral health, dental service utilization and periodontal conditions, the descriptive analysis of data was performed for adult and elderly population, presented as absolute (n) and prevalence (%). It was found that 68% of adults and 60.5% of elderly participants were female, 46% and 37% have household income of R$3000,00 or more, respectively. 57.3% of adults and 64.2% of the elderly said unaware of what is periodontal disease. 58.6% of adults with pocket probing depth ?4mm said they lived a poor or very poor children and 73.9% said that the current economic situation was better than that of childhood. Comparing the CPI and PSR levels, there was statistically significant difference for the diagnosis of healthy sextants, presence of shallow pocket (code 3, periodontal pocket 4mm to 5mm) and deep pocket (code 4, probing depth ?6mm), where CPI index underestimated periodontitis and overestimated healthy sextants when compared to the PSR results. Education, economic status in childhood, frequency of dental visits, use of dental wire and smoking were associated with a higher prevalence of periodontal disease in the adult population. On the other hand, only the time interval since the last dental visit and the fact that the former smokers were associated with higher prevalence of periodontal disease in the elderly
Mestrado
Periodontia
Mestra em Clínica Odontológica

The fundamental theoretical techniques of image compression are considered. Their comparative analysis was performed. Approaches of images compression level increasing presented in JPEG format will be investigated. In the practical part, there will be a software implementation of the investigated approaches and a comparative characteristic.

Cette thèse se situe dans le contexte de la vérification fonctionnelle des circuits intégrés complexes. L’objectif de ce travail est de créer un flot de vérification conjoint au flot de conception basé sur une technique appelée "vérification basée sur les assertions(ABV)". Le concept de base du flot est le raffinement automatique des spécifications formelles données sous la forme d’assertions PSL du niveau TLM au niveau RTL. La principale difficulté est la disparité des deux domaines : au niveau TLM, les communications sont modélisées par des appels de fonctions atomiques. Au niveau RTL, les échanges sont assurés par des signaux binaires évoluant selon un protocole de communication précis. Sur la base d’un ensemble de règles de transformation temporelles formelles, nous avons réalisé un outil permettant d’automatiser le raffinement de ces spécifications. Comme le raffinement des modèles, le raffinement des assertions n’est pas entièrement automatisable : des informations temporelles et structurelles doivent être fournies par l’utilisateur. L’outil réalise la saisie de ces informations de façon ergonomique, puis procède automatiquement à la transformation temporelle et structurelle de l’assertion. Il permet la génération d’assertions RTL mais aussi hybrides. Les travaux antérieurs dans ce domaine sont peu nombreux et les solutions proposées imposent de fortes restrictions sur les assertions considérées. À notre connaissance, le prototype que nous avons mis en oeuvre est le premier outil qui réalise un raffinement temporel fondé sur la sémantique formelle d’un langage de spécification standard (PSL)
The context of this thesis is the functional verification of complex integrated circuits.The objective of our work is to create a seamless verification flow joint to the design flowand based on a proved technique called Assertions-Based Verification (ABV). The mainchallenge of TLM to RTL refinement is the disparity of these two domains : at TLM,communications are modeled as atomic function calls handling all the exchanged data.At RTL, communications are performed by signals according to a specific communicationprotocol. The proposed temporal transformation process is based on a set of formaltransformation rules. We have developed a tool performing the automatic refinement ofPSL specifications. As for design refinement assertion refinement is not fully automated.Temporal and structural information must be provided by the user, using an ergonomicinterface. The tool allows the generation of assertions in RTL but also hybrid assertions.Little work has been done before in this area, and the proposed solutions suffer from severerestrictions. To our knowledge, our prototype is the first tool that performs a temporaltransformation of assertions based on the formal semantics of a standard specificationlanguage (PSL)

L'obiettivo di questa tesi è realizzare il gruppo PSL(2,7) come gruppo di Galois di un polinomio a coefficienti razionali. Si studiano i generatori di PSL(n,q) e la sua semplicità. Si dimostra che PSL(2,7) è isomorfo a GL(3,2), che è il gruppo degli automorfismi del piano di Fano. Un ruolo notevole è svolto dalla caratterizzazione di PSL(2,7) come l'unico sottogruppo proprio del gruppo alterno su 7 elementi che contiene un 7-ciclo e una permutazione prodotto di due trasposizioni disgiunte.

Cette thèse a pour objet la reconversion, en Pologne, d'un ancien "parti satellite", le ZSL (Zjednoczone Stronnictwo Ludowe, Parti Paysan Unifié) en parti paysan adapté au jeu politique démocratique post-communiste. Le nouveau parti, le PSL (Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe, Parti paysan polonais) proclame sa filiation avec les partis paysans ayant existé en Pologne jusqu'en 1945 et en reprend l'un des sigles. Une première partie vise à étudier les diverses formes, pratiques ou symboliques, prises par le mouvement paysan sous le régime communiste en Pologne. . . Une deuxième partie porte ensuite sur les changements démocratiques de 1989 à proprement parler. .
This thesis deals with the political conversion of a former "satellite party" in Poland, the ZSL (Zjednoczone Stronnictwo Ludowe, Unified Peasant Party), into a peasant party adapted to the democratic rules of postcommunism. The new party, the PSL (Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe, Polish Peasant Party), claims to be in direct line with the peasant parties that had existed until 1945,and takes up one of their acronyms. The aim of the first part is to study the various forms, either practical or symbolical, taken on by the peasant movement in Poland during the communist regime. . . The second part is precisely about the democratic changes that occurred in 1989. .

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INTRODUCTION: Psoriasis affects 1-2% of world population. From 7% to 40% of patients with psoriasis develop arthropathy. Nail psoriasis is present in up to 50% of patients with psoriasis, while more than 80% of patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have nail abnormalities. Nail clipping is a recent microscopical method, and its usefulness in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis is yet to be defined. OBJECTIVE: To describe the microscopic findings of nail clipping in patients with psoriasis and PsA in comparison to controls. METHODS: Individuals with psoriasis and PsA (with or without onychodystrophy ) and controls were evaluated in a cross-sectional design. All patients were evaluated for NAPSI (Nail Psoriasis Severity Index). The clipping fragments were obtained from the distal nail plate (5 mm-length and 2 mm-width). Fragments were analysed by an expert Dermatopathologist. The chi-square and Fisher tests were used to compare categorical variables, while the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare quantitative variables. Significance level was 5%. RESULTS: Twenty patients with psoriatic arthritis and onychodystrophy (APO), 21 patients with psoriatic arthritis and normal nails (AP), 30 patients with psoriasis and onychodystrophy (PO), 25 patients with psoriasis and normal nails (P) and 22 healthy controls were studied. Mean age did not differ among groups (P=0,06). Females predominated in all groups, except for patients in group PO (P<0.01). The first fingers were the most affected in APO and PO groups. Methotrexate was used in 64.29% of patients with psoriatic arthritis and 16.36% of patients with psoriasis (P<0.01). The subungual width was higher in patients with psoriasis and PsA when compared to controls, even after adjustment for methotrexate intake (P=0.04). All patients had a higher rectified subungueal region compared to controls, even after adjustment (P<0.01). Hypereosinophily of nail plate was a relevant characteristic of control group, as confirmed after adjustment (P=0.02). Neutrophils were higher in PO group compared to the other groups, when evaluated in the adjusted estimate (P=0.04). Serous lakes were significantly more present in all groups compared to controls, a finding confirmed after adjustment (P<0.01). The adjusted estimate revelead more Civatte bodies in APO group than in the others (P<0.01). Blood cells were more frequent in PO group than in the others (P=0.05). More bacteria were seen in all groups of patients compared to controls, even after adjustment (P<0.01) while fungi were more frequent in PO group in the adjusted estimate (P=0.04). Clipping variables did not discriminate PsA from psoriasis, nevertheless (P>0.05). There was no significant correlation of variables of nail clipping with the modified NAPSI (rs<0.20, P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Nail clipping clearly distinguished patients with PsA and psoriasis from controls, but not PsA from psoriasis.
INTRODU??O: A psor?ase acomete 1 a 2% da popula??o mundial. De 7% a 40% dos pacientes com psor?ase desenvolvem artropatia. A doen?a ungueal afeta at? 50% dos pacientes com psor?ase e mais de 80% daqueles com artrite psori?tica. O clipping, abordagem histol?gica recente em onicopatias, foi pouco utilizado em pacientes com psor?ase e artrite psori?tica at? o momento. OBJETIVO: Descrever os achados microsc?picos do clipping ungueal em pacientes com psor?ase com e sem onicopatia e artrite psori?tica com e sem onicopatia, comparativamente a controles sadios. METODOLOGIA: Neste estudo, transversal e controlado, foram inclu?dos pacientes com artrite psori?tica, psor?ase (com ou sem onicodistrofia) e controles saud?veis. Todos os pacientes foram avaliados para o NAPSI (Nail Psoriasis Severity Index). Um fragmento da por??o distal da l?mina ungueal com cinco mil?metros de comprimento e dois mil?metros de largura foi obtido para o clipping. Os fragmentos foram preparados, corados e avaliados por uma ?nica dermatopatologista experiente. O teste do qui-quadrado e o teste de Fischer foram utilizados para a compara??o das vari?veis categ?ricas, enquanto o teste de Kruskal-Wallis e o teste de Mann-Whitney foram empregados na compara??o das vari?veis quantitativas. A correla??o de Spearman foi utilizada para avaliar a correla??o do NAPSI com as vari?veis do clipping. O n?vel de signific?ncia para estes testes foi de 5%. RESULTADOS: Vinte pacientes com artrite psori?tica e onicodistrofia (APO), 21 pacientes com artrite psori?tica e unhas normais (AP), 30 pacientes com psor?ase e onicodistrofia (PO), 25 pacientes com psor?ase e unhas normais (P) e 22 controles sadios foram estudados. A m?dia de idade n?o diferiu entre os grupos (P=0,06). O sexo feminino predominou em todos os grupos, com exce??o de pacientes do grupo PO (P<0,01). Os primeiros quirod?ctilos foram os dedos mais acometidos em pacientes dos grupos APO e PO. Metotrexate foi utilizado em 64,29% dos pacientes com artrite psori?tica e em 16,36% dos pacientes com psor?ase (P<0,01). A largura subungueal foi significativamente maior em todos os grupos comparativamente aos controles, mesmo ap?s ajuste para uso de metotrexate (P=0,04). Todos os pacientes tiveram maior retifica??o da regi?o subungueal comparativamente aos controles, mesmo ap?s ajuste (P<0,01). Hipereosinofilia da l?mina ungueal foi caracter?stica relevante do grupo controle, dado confirmado ap?s ajuste (P=0,02). O n?mero de neutr?filos foi maior no grupo PO em rela??o aos outros grupos, quando avaliado na estimativa ajustada (P=0,04). Lagos serosos foram significativamente mais presentes em todos os grupos em rela??o aos controles, achado confirmado ap?s ajuste (P<0,01). A estimativa ajustada revelou mais corp?sculos de Civatte no grupo APO do que nos demais grupos (P<0,01). A presen?a de sangue foi mais freq?ente no grupo PO do que nos outros grupos, de acordo com a estimativa ajustada (P=0,05). Bact?rias foram mais vistas em todos os grupos de pacientes em rela??o aos controles, mesmo ap?s ajuste (P<0,01). Fungos, por sua vez, foram mais freq?entes no grupo PO do que nos outros grupos na estimativa ajustada (P=0,04). Nenhuma das vari?veis do clipping foi diferencial na compara??o de pacientes com psor?ase e artrite psori?tica (P>0,05). N?o houve correla??o significativa entre NAPSI alterado e vari?veis do clipping ungueal (rs<0,20, P>0,05). CONCLUS?O: O clipping ungueal procedido em pacientes com psor?ase e artrite psori?tica evidenciou, para a maioria das vari?veis, achados claramente distintos dos observados em controles. Entretanto, o m?todo n?o exibiu vari?veis que estatisticamente diferenciassem pacientes com artrite psori?tica e psor?ase per si.

Diese Arbeit berichtet über die Suche nach gepulster und ungepulster hochenergetischer (VHE) Gammastrahlung mit dem High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) im Energiebereich von 100 GeV bis 100 TeV von drei Pulsaren. Gepulste VHE Gammastrahlung wurde bisher nur fuer den jungen Krebspulsar gefunden. Eine besondere Gruppe von Pulsarwindnebeln (PWN) sind die zusammengesetzten Supernovaüberreste (SNR), bei denen sich ein PWN im Zentrum einer expandierenden SNR Schale befindet. Die Resultate der Suche nach gepulster und ungepulster VHE Gammastrahlung von zwei Millisekundenpulsaren, PSR J0437-4715 und PSR J1824-2452, werden im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit vorgestellt. Teile der Beobachtungen wurden in einer speziellen Triggerkonfiguration (dem Topologischen Trigger mit konvergenter Ausrichtung) durchgeführt, um die Energieschwelle des Instruments zu senken. Kein Hinweis auf gepulste oder ungepulste Emission wurde gefunden und obere Grenzen auf den gepulsten und ungepulsten Fluss wurden bestimmt. Die oberen Grenzen auf den gepulsten Fluss werden mit bestehenden Modellvorhersagen verglichen und erlauben für PSR J1824-2452 den Bereich möglicher Geometrien in einigen Modellen einzuschränken. Die Resultate der Suche nach gepulster und ungepulster VHE Gammastrahlung aus der Richtung des zusammengesetzten SNR Kes 75 werden im zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit präsentiert. Der PWN im Zentrum von Kes 75 wird von einem sehr jungen und energiereichen Pulsar, PSR J1846-0258, angetrieben, der ein aussergewöhnlich starkes Magnetfeld besitzt. Während kein Hinweis auf gepulste Strahlung gefunden wurde, konnte ungepulste Emission von VHE Gammastrahlung von einer Punktquelle mit einer statistischen Signifikanz von 10 sigma nachgewiesen werden. Die VHE Gammastrahlung ist räumlich koinzident mit dem PWN und mit der SNR Schale. Beide werden als mögliche Quelle für die beobachtete Emission diskutiert. Der Pulsar von Kes 75 wäre der jüngste bisher bekannte Pulsar, der einen Pulsarwindnebel antreibt.
This work reports on the search for pulsed and steady very-high energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission in the energy range extending from 100 GeV up to 100 TeV from the direction of three pulsars with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.). Pulsed gamma-ray radiation from pulsars with energies beyond 100 GeV was found thus far only for the young and energetic Crab pulsar. A special class of pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) is associated with composite supernova remnants (SNRs) where the PWN is centered in an expanding SNR shell. In the first part of this thesis, the results on the search for pulsed and steady VHE gamma-ray emission from the two millisecond pulsars, PSR J0437-4715 and PSR J1824-2452, are presented. Parts of the observations were conducted in a special trigger setup (the topological trigger with convergent pointing) to reduce the energy threshold of the instrument. No signal of pulsed or steady emission is found and upper limits on the pulsed and steady gamma-ray flux are derived. The upper limits on the pulsed gamma-ray flux are compared to existing model predictions and, in the case of PSR J1824-2452, allow the range of possible viewing geometries in some models to be constrained. In the second part of this work, results on the search for pulsed and steady VHE gamma-ray emission from the direction of the composite SNR Kes 75 are presented. The PWN in the center of Kes 75 is powered by a very young and powerful pulsar, PSR J1846-0258, that has an exceptionally high magnetic field. While no hint for pulsed emission is found, steady VHE gamma-ray emission is detected with a statistical significance of 10 sigma from a point-like source. The VHE gamma-ray emission is spatially coincident with the PWN and the SNR shell. Both are discussed as a possible origin for the observed emission. The pulsar of Kes 75 would be the youngest pulsar known to date to power a VHE PWN.

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The Theory of Financial Decision Making tries to understand and explain how individuals and their agents make choices among alternatives that have uncertain payoffs over multiple time periods. The theory that explains how and why these decisions are made allows serveral models, presented in this thesis. However, the ortodox theory does not recognize the qualitative importance and quantitative implications of the interactions among irriversibility, uncertainty, and optimal point in time for investment. Decision making involves almost always three important characteristics; the investment is partially or completely irreversible, there is uncertainty about the stream of future cash flows, and there is a window of time for the decision to be made. These characteristics have to be taken into consideration in determining the optimal time for investment, because flexibility has value. The objective of this thesis is to demonstrate that the real options approach to uncertainty in resource allocation and investment decision making is able to capture the value of managerial flexibility properly and produces better results in modeling the optimal time to cut a stand of trees in a forestry investment project. The theory of real options is used to model the optimal tree harvesting decision. The linear complementarity partial differential inequalities were solved using the numerical method known as fully implicit finite difference method, with the projected over relaxation (PSOR) algorithm, using a software developed specially for this purpose.
A Teoria das Decisões Financeiras procura entender e explicar como indivíduos e seus agentes tomam decisões de consumo, poupança e investimento dentre as alternativas disponíveis. O estudo do consumo e de decisões de investimento, feitas por indivíduos e empresas, permite diversos modelos, apresentados neste trabalho. Entretanto, a teoria de investimento ortodoxa não reconhece a importância qualitativa e as implicações quantitativas da interação entre irreversibilidade, incerteza e a decisão ótima do ponto no tempo. A maioria das decisões de investimento compartilha em maior ou menor grau três características importantes, o investimento é parcialmente ou completamente irreversível, há incerteza quanto aos fluxos de caixa futuros do investimento, há alguma margem de tempo para que a decisão seja tomada. Estas três características têm que ser levadas em conta na determinação da decisão ótima de investimento, pois a flexibilidade tem valor. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar que a abordagem das opções reais é capaz de quantificar adequadamente a flexibilidade gerencial na avaliação de um projeto de investimento de capital sob incerteza e produz melhores resultados na modelagem da decisão ótima de corte de um povoamento de árvores em um projeto de reflorestamento. A decisão ótima de colheita foi modelada como uma opção real do tipo americano, as inequações diferencias do problema de complementaridade linear foram resolvidas pelo método das diferenças finitas totalmente implícitas e o sistema linear de equações simultâneas foi resolvido por meio de uma técnica interativa denominada projected over relaxation (PSOR), com a ajuda de um software especialmente desenvolvido para este fim.

In this present world, there is a huge requirement of portable devices for that the analysis of low-dropout or LDO regulators have been on high priority. So, for every respective device, there is a power budget that acts as the main constraint to design an LDO. The LDO design aims to suppress the noise and supply noise-free or low noise output. This thesis paper illustrates several designs of output capacitor-less LDO architecture to enhance Power Supply Rejection (PSR) and optimization of the ideas from different literature to achieve the low quiescent current, stability with fast transient response while the input voltage is low over a wide range of load current. Differ-ent types of transistor schematic designs under definite specifications of the LDOs, which are mostly integrated by major components like Error Amplifier (EA) and pass transistor, feedback resistors, and relatively small output capacitor have mostly considered for the designs. However, some buffer attenuation techniques which can improve the PSR have also been shown with a proper diagram. The design of LDOwith the components and how to design the pass device and their trade off’s have been has been discussed. Different techniques of PSR enhancement among which some of the techniques have been implemented have been illustrated with respective diagrams. A study of executed techniques under the specifications with comparative results has been shown with their trade-off with the other architecture. The contribution is an LDO that has been simulated in Cadence specter and designed in CMOS FinFET process node atVdd= 0.95 V with a load current of 50 mA -75 mA and an output voltage of 0.75 V with a small output capacitor of 200 pF, a PSR of−25 dB at 100 MHz has been achieved whereas the current consumption at the load is 245μA, while meeting the targeted stability analysis of gain margin and phase margin of 47 dB and 63◦respectively. A small voltage droop of 36. 6mV for rising edge and−15.99 mV for falling edge over a 100μA to 75 mA step-change in10 ns has been observed.
I dagens värld finns det stora behov av bärbara enheter och krav på analys avregulatorer (LDO). För varje typ av enhet finns det en energibudget som fungerarsom huvudsaklig begränsning för att utforma en LDO. LDO-konstruktion syftar tillatt leverera brusfri eller lågbrusig utspänning. Detta examensarbete visar på flerakonstruktioner av utgångskondensatorfria LDO-arkitekturer för att förbättra PowerSupply Rejection (PSR). Optimering av idéer från olika litteraturkällor görs för attuppnå låg viloström och stabilitet med snabb respons med låg ingångsspänning överett brett intervall av lastström. Olika typer av konstruktioner schemanivå för precisa LDO-specifikationer, mestadelsintegrerade med de viktigaste komponenter såsom felförstärkare (Error Amplifier,EA) och passtransistor, återkopplingsmotstånd och relativt små utgångskonden-satorer, har studerats. Buffertdämpningstekniker som kan förbättra PSR har ocksåinkluderats. Konstruktion av LDO:er på komponentnivå och man utformar pass-enheten och dess kompromisser diskuteras också. Implementering av några olikatekniker för PSR-förbättring illustreras med schema. En studie av utförda teknikerenligt specifikationerna med jämförande resultat ingår också. Resultat är en LDO som har simulerats i Cadence Spectre i en CMOS FinFETprocess med en matningsspänning på 0,95 V, en belastningsström på 50 mA - 75mA, en utspänning på 0,75 V och med en liten utgångskondensator på 200 pF. PSRpå−25 dB vid 100 MHz har uppnåtts medan strömförbrukningen vid belastningenär 245μA, samtidigt som kraven på marginal för förstärkning på 47 dB och fas 63°har uppnåtts.  Ett litet spänningsfall på 36,6 mV för stigande signal och−15,99 mV för fallande signal under en förändring från 100 μA till 75 mA på 10 ns harobserverats.

ISY 

Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Mathematics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

Cherenkov-Teleskope sind in der Lage, das schwache Cherenkovlicht aus Teilchenschauern zu detektieren, die von kosmischen Teilchen mit Energien von ca. 100 GeV bis 100 TeV in der Erdatmosphäre initiiert werden. Das Ziel ist die Detektion von Cherenkovlicht aus Schauern, die von Gammastrahlen erzeugt wurden, der größte Teil der Schauer stammt jedoch von geladenen Teilchen. Im Jahr 2012 wurde das H.E.S.S.-Observatorium in Namibia, bis dahin bestehend aus vier Teleskopen mit 100 m²-Spiegeln, um ein fünftes Teleskop mit einer Spiegelfläche von ca. 600 m² ergänzt. Aufgrund der großen Spiegelfläche besitzt dieses Teleskop die niedrigste Energieschwelle aller Teleskope dieser Art. In dieser Dissertation wird ein schneller Algorithmus namens MonoReco präsentiert, der grundlegende Eigenschaften der Gammastrahlen wie ihre Energien und Richtungen rekonstruieren kann. Dieser Algorithmus kann weiterhin unterscheiden, ob Schauer von Gammastrahlen oder von geladenen Teilchen der kosmischen Strahlung initiiert wurden. Diese Aufgaben werden mit mithilfe von künstlichen neuronalen Netzwerken erfüllt, welche ausschließlich die Momente der Intensitätsverteilungen in der Kamera des neuen Teleskops analysieren. Eine Energieschwelle von 59 GeV und Richtungsauflösungen von 0.1°-0.3° werden erreicht. Das Energiebias liegt bei wenigen Prozent, die Energieauflösung bei 20-30%. Unter anderem mit dem MonoReco-Algorithmus wurden Daten, die in der Zeit um das Periastron des Binärsystems PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 im Jahre 2014 genommen wurden, analysiert. Es handelt sich hierbei um einen Neutronenstern, der sich in einem 3,4-Jahres-Orbit um einen massereichen Stern mit einer den Stern umgebenden Scheibe aus Gas und Plasmen befindet. Zum ersten Mal konnte H.E.S.S. das Gammastrahlenspektrum dieses Systems bei Energien unterhalb von 200 GeV messen. Weiterhin wurde bei erstmaligen Beobachtungen zur Zeit des Periastrons ein lokales Flussminimum gemessen. Sowohl vor dem ersten als auch nach dem zweiten Transit des Neutronensterns durch die Scheibe wurden hohe Flüsse gemessen. Im zweiten Fall wurden Beobachtungen erstmals zeitgleich mit dem Fermi-LAT-Experiment durchgeführt, das wiederholt sehr hohe Flüsse in diesem Teil des Orbits messen konnte. Ein Vergleich der gemessenen Flüsse mit Vorhersagen eines leptonischen Modells zeigt gute Übereinstimmungen.
Cherenkov telescopes can detect the faint Cherenkov light emitted by air showers that were initiated by cosmic particles with energies between approximately 100 GeV and 100 TeV in the Earth's atmosphere. Aiming for the detection of Cherenkov light emitted by gamma ray-initiated air showers, the vast majority of all detected showers are initiated by charged cosmic rays. In 2012 the H.E.S.S. observatory, until then comprising four telescopes with 100 m² mirrors each, was extended by adding a much larger fifth telescope with a very large mirror area of 600 m². Due to the large mirror area, this telescope has the lowest energy threshold of all telescopes of this kind. In this dissertation, a fast algorithm called MonoReco is presented that can reconstruct fundamental properties of the primary gamma rays like their direction or their energy. Furthermore, this algorithm can distinguish between air showers initiated either by gamma rays or by charged cosmic rays. Those tasks are accomplished with the help of artificial neural networks, which analyse moments of the intensity distributions in the camera of the new telescope exclusively. The energy threshold is 59 GeV and angular resolutions of 0.1°-0.3° are achieved. The energy reconstruction bias is at the level of a few percent, the energy resolution is at the level of 20-30%. Data taken around the 2014 periastron passage of the gamma-ray binary PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 were analysed with, among others, the MonoReco algorithm. This binary system comprises a neutron star in a 3.4 year orbit around a massive star with a circumstellar disk consisting of gas and plasma. For the first time the gamma-ray spectrum of this system could be measured by H.E.S.S. down to below 200 GeV. Furthermore, a local flux minimum could be measured during unprecedented measurements at the time of periastron. High fluxes were measured both before the first and after the second transit of the neutron star through the disk. In the second case measurements could be performed for the first time contemporaneously with the Fermi-LAT experiment, which has repeatedly detected very high fluxes at this part of the orbit. A good agreement between measured fluxes and predictions of a leptonic model is found.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Neste trabalho foi realizado o estudo da fragilização pelo hidrogênio em um tubo de aço API 5L X65 de alto grau de limpidez para uso em dutos de condução para aplicação em ambientes que contém gás sulfídrico. Ensaios normalizados foram realizados com o objetivo de caracterizar as propriedades do material em estudo, através de análise química, análise microestrutural, ensaios mecânicos - dureza, tração, impacto e drop weight (DWTT), ensaios de corrosão - ensaios de HIC e SSC - e ensaios eletroquímicos - curvas de polarização potenciodinâmica, voltametria cíclica e medições de corrente de permeação de hidrogênio. Os resultados apresentaram: a) microestrutura refinada predominante de ferrita acicular, b) caracterização mecânica com resultados dentro do especificado pela norma de fabricação, c) análise química e ensaios de corrosão com resultados superando os requisitos da norma de fabricação e d) nos ensaios eletroquímicos foi evidenciado que o aço em estudo apresentou uma baixa corrente de permeação e uma maior resistência à corrosão em meio de NaCl 3,5% em relação a um aço padrão. Os resultados indicam que o material em estudo atende os critérios da norma de fabricação do tubo (API 5L), sendo evidenciado que o mesmo é adequado para utilização ao ambiente que lhe é proposto
In this paper, it was carried out a study of a hydrogen embrittlement in a pipe API 5L X65 with high level of cleanness for linepipe used in sour service environment.. It was performed standardized testing in order to perform an assessment of the material properties, through the chemical analysis and microstructural analysis, mechanical tests – hardness, tensile, impact and drop weight tear test (DWTT), corrosion tests - HIC and SSC tests - and electrochemical tests - potentiodynamic polarization curves, cyclic voltammetry and hydrogen permeation current measurements. The results presented: a) refined microstructure predominant of acicular ferrite, b) mechanical characterization with results that fulfilled with the pipe fabrication standard, c) chemical analysis and corrosion tests with results exceeding the requirements of the standard and d) electrochemical tests showing the studied steel presenting a low permeation current and a higher corrosion resistance in a environment of NaCl 3,5% in relation of standard steel. The results indicate that the studied material complies with the acceptance criteria of the pipe fabrication standard (API 5L), and it was evidenced that the material is suitable for use in sour service environment

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Fundamentos: A psor?ase ? uma doen?a inflamat?ria cr?nica imunomediada, multifatorial, podendo estar associada a comorbidades, interferindo na qualidade de vida4,5. Nas placas erit?mato-escamosas psori?sicas ocorre ativa??o de linf?citos Th1 e Th17 que liberam citocinas pr?-inflamat?rias como TNF-? e Interleucinas8. Objetivos: Avaliar o perfil e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes tratados com os imunobiol?gicos Infliximabe, Adalimumabe, Etanercepte e Ustekinumabe. M?todos: O levantamento de dados cl?nicos epidemiol?gicos, terap?uticos e o impacto na qualidade de vida dos 61 pacientes foram realizados atrav?s de avalia??es cl?nicas, aplica??o de question?rios, entrevistas, depoimentos e an?lise dos prontu?rios do Ambulat?rio de Dermatologia do Hospital Universit?rio Onofre Lopes, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte de mar?o de 2014 a mar?o de 2015. Os pacientes inclu?dos no estudo foram tratados com imunobiol?gicos de mar?o de 2008 a mar?o de 2015. Resultados: Dos pacientes estudados, 17 iniciaram o tratamento com Adalimumabe, 15 com Infliximabe e 5 com Etanercepte. Os resultados mostraram que 37 pacientes (60,7%) controlaram a psor?ase com um ?nico imunobiol?gico; 15 pacientes (24,6%) com um segundo imunobiol?gico; 6 pacientes (9,8%) com o terceiro imunobiol?gico e apenas 3 pacientes (4,9%) precisaram utilizar o quarto imunobiol?gico, o Ustequinumabe, para obter efetiva resposta terap?utica. Conclus?es: Os imunobiol?gicos representam recurso terap?utico importante para as formas graves de psor?ase. A perda de resposta terap?utica pode requerer mudan?as desses medicamentos. Neste estudo, constatou-se, em rela??o a todos os pacientes, excelente resultado terap?utico, com escassos efeitos adversos e elevado ?ndice de ades?o ao tratamento, proporcionando-lhes reabilita??o pessoal, reintegra??o familiar, social e profissional.

Resumo: Neste trabalho foi realizado o estudo da fragilização pelo hidrogênio em um tubo de aço API 5L X65 de alto grau de limpidez para uso em dutos de condução para aplicação em ambientes que contém gás sulfídrico. Ensaios normalizados foram realizados com o objetivo de caracterizar as propriedades do material em estudo, através de análise química, análise microestrutural, ensaios mecânicos - dureza, tração, impacto e drop weight (DWTT), ensaios de corrosão - ensaios de HIC e SSC - e ensaios eletroquímicos - curvas de polarização potenciodinâmica, voltametria cíclica e medições de corrente de permeação de hidrogênio. Os resultados apresentaram: a) microestrutura refinada predominante de ferrita acicular, b) caracterização mecânica com resultados dentro do especificado pela norma de fabricação, c) análise química e ensaios de corrosão com resultados superando os requisitos da norma de fabricação e d) nos ensaios eletroquímicos foi evidenciado que o aço em estudo apresentou uma baixa corrente de permeação e uma maior resistência à corrosão em meio de NaCl 3,5% em relação a um aço padrão. Os resultados indicam que o material em estudo atende os critérios da norma de fabricação do tubo (API 5L), sendo evidenciado que o mesmo é adequado para utilização ao ambiente que lhe é proposto
Abstract: In this paper, it was carried out a study of a hydrogen embrittlement in a pipe API 5L X65 with high level of cleanness for linepipe used in sour service environment.. It was performed standardized testing in order to perform an assessment of the material properties, through the chemical analysis and microstructural analysis, mechanical tests - hardness, tensile, impact and drop weight tear test (DWTT), corrosion tests - HIC and SSC tests - and electrochemical tests - potentiodynamic polarization curves, cyclic voltammetry and hydrogen permeation current measurements. The results presented: a) refined microstructure predominant of acicular ferrite, b) mechanical characterization with results that fulfilled with the pipe fabrication standard, c) chemical analysis and corrosion tests with results exceeding the requirements of the standard and d) electrochemical tests showing the studied steel presenting a low permeation current and a higher corrosion resistance in a environment of NaCl 3,5% in relation of standard steel. The results indicate that the studied material complies with the acceptance criteria of the pipe fabrication standard (API 5L), and it was evidenced that the material is suitable for use in sour service environment
Orientador: Roberto Zenhei Nakazato
Coorientador: Eduardo Norberto Codaro
Banca: Marcelo dos Santos Pereira
Banca: Danieli Aparecida Pereira Reis
Mestre

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
De maneira geral, nas gramáticas tradicionais de Língua Portuguesa, as conjunções / locuções conjuntivas concessivas são expostas em uma lista sem qualquer observação sobre suas condições de uso e seus aspectos semânticos, como se pudessem ser utilizadas de forma aleatória. Isso dificulta o ensino de Português, principalmente como segunda língua. Como há construções intrínsecas aos usuários nativos da língua, essas precisam ser mais bem detalhadas para que o falante não nativo consiga atingir um nível relevante de competência linguística. Para isso, baseando-nos na perspectiva funcionalista da linguagem, que entende que as escolhas gramaticais dependem do contexto em que estão inseridos os enunciados, este trabalho tem o objetivo de verificar as estruturas morfossintáticas em que ocorrem as orações concessivas e de observar os diferentes sentidos secundários que cada conjunção ou locução conjuntiva concessiva pode trazer ao enunciado. Com isso, faremos um estudo que tentará facilitar o ensino das conjunções / locuções conjuntivas concessivas, visando à aprendizagem dos falantes não nativos de português.
In an ordinary way, in Portuguese traditional grammars, the concessive conjunctions are exposed on a list without any observation about their conditions of use and their semantic aspects, as if they could be used in an interchangeable manner. This makes difficult the teaching of Portuguese, especially as second language. There are constructions that are intrinsic to the native speakers of the language, so they need to be well detailed so that the non-native speaker achieve a relevant level of linguistic competence. For this propose, we based ourselves on the functionalist perspective of language, which understands that the grammatical choices depend on the context where the phrases are placed. Our goal is to verify the morphosyntatic structures where the concessive sentences appear and to observe the different secondary senses that each concessive conjunction can have in a sentence. Then, we will do a work that will facilitate the teaching of concessive conjunctions, aiming the learning of non-native speakers of Portuguese.

In questo lavoro riportiamo un'analisi dettagliata dei singoli impulsi, provenienti da PSR B0823+26. Le osservazioni qui analizzate sono state effettuate a bassissime frequenze radio con una stazione di antenne chiamata NenuFAR (New Extension in Nancay Upgrading loFAR), che opera in una banda compresa tra 10 MHz e 85 MHz. Per alcune di queste osservazioni è stato possibile condurre uno studio multi-frequenza in simultanea a 138 MHz con LOFAR (LOw-Frequency ARray) e a 1484 MHz con NRT (Nancay Radio Telescope). Infine è stata condotta un'analisi a banda larga con NRT nella banda di frequenze compresa tra 1260 MHz e 1708 MHz. Dal nostro studio è emerso che B0823+26 si mantiene in modalità B per circa il 70\% del tempo. Non sono state osservate chiare transizioni da una modalità B a Q ma abbiamo rilevato il passaggio da una modalità nulling, ad una Q, che è durata $\sim 5$ minuti. Lo studio multi-frequenza ha mostrato la presenza di una componente di postcursor (PC) e interpulse (IP) oltre alla componente principale di mainpulse (MP). Il PC non è stato rilevato alle frequenze di NenuFAR ed emerge nelle osservazioni con LOFAR e NRT. L'IP ha un andamento opposto e diventa quasi non rilevabile con NRT. Uno dei risultati più interessanti è emerso dallo studio a banda larga condotto con NRT. Il profilo integrato mostra una componente compresa tra il MP e l'IP che si osserva solo a 1260 MHz. A frequenze superiori ai 1580 MHz emerge un'altra componente, che segue il MP, mai rilevata prima. Inoltre questa componente, che emerge a circa metà durata delle osservazioni, si separa gradualmente nel tempo, in termini di fase rotazionale, rispetto al MP.