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Journal articles on the topic 'Psoas, muscle'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Ion, Daniel, Bogdan Socea, Alexandra Bolocan, Dan Nicolae Paduraru, and Octavian Andronic. "Psoas Muscle Abscess." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 1 (February 7, 2020): 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.1.7849.

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Psoas muscle abcesses are a pathological entity, with very low incidence, and a lot of diagnosis and management discussions.Our paper aims to assess the presence of this pathology in literature as a short introductive narrative review and to present a series of cases from our experience.The research was retrospective, descriptive and enrolled a total of 14 patients.Specialty literature is poor regarding this pathology, with no agreement on the correct diagnosis and treatment algorithm. Future studies may offer diagnostic scores to facilitate rapid diagnosis.

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2

Stewart, I. C., K. J. Blaikie, and H. M. MacLeod. "Adenocarcinoma of Unknown Primary Site (Acups) Presenting as a Psoas Abscess." Scottish Medical Journal 34, no. 3 (June 1989): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003693308903400310.

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The presentation of a psoas abscess is commonly seen in conjunction with infection, especially tuberculous. Involvement of the psoas muscles with tumour, however, is extremely rare. We present a case in which adenocarcinoma of unknown primary site infiltrated the psoas muscle, thus mimicking a psoas abscess. A review of this unusual tumour type is discussed.

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3

Tsai, S. H., and S. J. Chu. "Outlined psoas muscle shadow." Emergency Medicine Journal 24, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj.2006.041970.

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4

Tubbs, R. Shane, W. Jerry Oakes, and E. George Salter. "The psoas quartus muscle." Clinical Anatomy 19, no. 7 (2006): 678–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.20288.

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5

Tsai, S. H., and S. J. Chu. "Outlined psoas muscle shadow." Case Reports 2009, jan08 1 (January 8, 2009): bcr2006041970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr.2006.041970.

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6

Nègre, Isabelle. "Syndrome du muscle psoas." Douleurs : Évaluation - Diagnostic - Traitement 20, no. 5 (October 2019): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.douler.2019.07.001.

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7

Gharaibeh, Kamel A., Arnaldo Lopez-Ruiz, and Tauqeer Yousuf. "Psoas Muscle Infiltration Masquerading Distant Adenocarcinoma." Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/986453.

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Malignant metastasis to the psoas muscle is rare. We report a case that clinically mimicked psoas abscess that was subsequently proven to be from metastatic disease secondary to adenocarcinoma of the duodenum. A 62-year-old male presented with a seven-month history of right lower quadrant abdominal pain and progressive dysphagia. CT scan of abdomen-pelvis revealed a right psoas infiltration not amenable to surgical drainage. Patient was treated with two courses of oral antibiotics without improvement. Repeated CT scan showed ill-defined low-density area with inflammatory changes involving the right psoas muscle. Using CT guidance, a fine needle aspiration biopsy of the right psoas was performed that reported metastatic undifferentiated adenocarcinoma. Patient underwent upper endoscopy, which showed a duodenal mass that was biopsied which also reported poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. In this case, unresponsiveness to medical therapy or lack of improvement in imaging studies warrants consideration of differential diagnosis such as malignancy. Iliopsoas metastases have shown to mimic psoas abscess on their clinical presentation and in imaging studies. To facilitate early diagnosis and improve prognosis, patients who embody strong risk factors and symptoms compatible with underlying malignancies who present with psoas imaging concerning for abscess should have further investigations.

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8

Choi, Jae-Ki, and Jae-Cheol Kwon. "Bilateral Psoas Muscle Abscess Associated with Emphysematous Cystitis." Case Reports in Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/285652.

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Psoas muscle abscess associated with emphysematous urinary tract infection is very rare. There were very few reports about urinary tract infections such as renal abscess, perinephric abscess, and emphysematous pyelonephritis complicated with psoas muscle abscess; however, psoas muscle abscess associated with emphysematous cystitis has not yet been reported. Here, we report a case of bilateral posas muscle abscess following emphysematous cystitis in an 81-year-old nondiabetic man, who was treated successfully with prolonged antibiotic therapy and supportive care. Early recognition of psoas muscle abscess can prevent aggressive interventional procedure and warrant good prognosis.

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9

PECKHAM, M., and D. C. S. WHITE. "Mechanical Properties of Demembranated Flight Muscle Fibres from a Dragonfly." Journal of Experimental Biology 159, no. 1 (September 1, 1991): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.159.1.135.

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The mechanical properties of demembranated muscle fibres of synchronous flight muscle from a dragonfly Libellula quadrimaculata, asynchronous flight muscle from the giant waterbug Lethocerus indicus and synchronous psoas muscle from rabbit were compared in relaxed, active and rigor conditions. The properties were compared to the known structure and protein compositions of these muscles. We found that active tension of L. indicus flight muscles was stretch-activated (tension was low and was significantly increased following a rapid stretch of 1 % of muscle length), whereas both dragonfly flight muscle and rabbit psoas muscle were not (active tension was high and did not significantly increase following a rapid stretch of 1%). Three different properties have been suggested to give rise to stretch activation in asynchronous muscles: (1) a matching of the helix periodicities of actin target sites to myosin crossbridge heads, (2) a special form of troponin subunit called troponin-H, and (3) the high resting stiffness of these muscles inducing strain in the thick filaments. Rabbit psoas muscle has none of these properties. Dragonfly flight muscles do not have the helix matching, but they do have a form of troponin-H and a high resting stiffness. It seems most likely that dragonfly flight muscles are not stretch-activated because they do not have the helix matching. Note: Present address: Department of Biophysics, King's College London, 26–29 Drury Lane, London, WC2B 5RL, UK.

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10

Lee, Donggyu, and Minsoo Kang. "Correlation between Psoas Muscle Index and Degeneration of Spinal Back Muscle in Patients with Back Pain." Healthcare 9, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): 1189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091189.

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Sarcopenia is characterized by a decline in systemic muscle mass and physical performance. Disc degeneration also causes back muscle atrophy. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the influence of systemic muscle mass decline on back muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration compared to disc degeneration. We included 127 patients (65.54 ± 14.93 years) with back pain who underwent lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Axial T2-weighted MRI data of the L4–5 and L5-S1 levels were used to measure the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the psoas and spinal muscles. The psoas index (cm2/m2) was used as a surrogate for systemic muscle mass. The Pfirrmann grading system was used to evaluate intervertebral disc degeneration. The functional area of the back muscles was calculated by subtracting the fat infiltration area from the CSA; the functional CSA ratio was calculated by dividing the functional CSA by the CSA. Image-processing software (ImageJ; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA) was used for analysis. Psoas index and aging significantly affected CSA and the ratio of functional CSA of the back muscles and multifidi. Disc degeneration did not significantly affect the back muscles beyond aging in patients with back pain. Males showed substantially higher CSA of the back muscles and multifidi than females; however, sex did not affect the functional CSA ratio of these muscles. Systemic muscle mass decline showed a more powerful influence on back muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration than disc degeneration. Therefore, proper evaluation of sarcopenia is needed for patients with chronic back pain and back muscle degeneration.

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11

Patzelt, Lisa, Daniela Junker, Jan Syväri, Egon Burian, Mingming Wu, Olga Prokopchuk, Ulrich Nitsche, et al. "MRI-Determined Psoas Muscle Fat Infiltration Correlates with Severity of Weight Loss during Cancer Cachexia." Cancers 13, no. 17 (September 2, 2021): 4433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13174433.

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Purpose: To evaluate the suitability of psoas and erector spinae muscle proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and fat volume as biomarkers for monitoring cachexia severity in an oncological cohort, and to evaluate regional variances in muscle parameters over time. Methods: In this prospective study, 58 oncological patients were examined by a 3 T MRI receiving between one and five scans. Muscle volume and PDFF were measured, segmentation masks were divided into proximal, middle and distal muscle section. Results: A regional variation of fat distribution in erector spinae muscle at baseline was found (p < 0.01). During follow-ups significant relative change of muscle parameters was observed. Relative maximum change of erector spinae muscle showed a significant regional variation. Correlation testing with age as a covariate revealed significant correlations for baseline psoas fat volume (r = −0.55, p < 0.01) and baseline psoas PDFF (r = −0.52, p = 0.02) with maximum BMI change during the course of the disease. Conclusion: In erector spinae muscles, a regional variation of fat distribution at baseline and relative maximum change of muscle parameters was observed. Our results indicate that psoas muscle PDFF and fat volume could serve as MRI-determined biomarkers for early risk stratification and disease monitoring regarding progression and severity of weight loss in cancer cachexia.

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12

Wani, Imtiaz, RaufA Wani, and KhusrheedAlam Wani. "Primary hydatid of psoas muscle." Urology Annals 2, no. 2 (2010): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-7796.65112.

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13

Cristescu, C., C. Bistran, D. Mihalea, C. Stǎnescu, Ş. Cadariu, and A. R. M. Chirculescu. "Variante de muscle petit psoas." Morphologie 89, no. 287 (December 2005): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1286-0115(05)83294-1.

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14

Louchi, A., H. Chtata, M. Araoui, and A. Zizi. "Kyste hydatique du muscle psoas." Annales de Chirurgie 126, no. 8 (October 2001): 820–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3944(01)00613-7.

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15

Lee, J. K., and H. S. Glazer. "Psoas muscle disorders: MR imaging." Radiology 160, no. 3 (September 1986): 683–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.160.3.3737906.

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16

Parkkola, R., A. Alanen, H. Kalimo, I. Lillsunde, M. Komu, and M. Kormano. "Mr Relaxation Times and Fiber Type Predominance of the Psoas and Multifidus Muscle." Acta Radiologica 34, no. 1 (January 1993): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519303400104.

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MR relaxation times, fiber composition, nonmyofiber space, water content, and fat content of human psoas and multifidus muscle samples of 10 male cadavers were studied in vitro. The T1 and T2 relaxation times of multifidus muscle were significantly longer than those of the psoas muscle. On average, type 1 fibers (slow fibers with a small cross-sectional diameter) predominated in both muscles. There was no correlation between the relative mass of type 1 or 2 fibers (fast fibers with a large cross-sectional diameter) or nonmyofiber space and the relaxation times. The quantity of fat in the muscle did not correlate with the relaxation times either.

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17

Xue, Yan, Sailin Dai, Jiexian Liang, and Wenjin Ji. "Effect of reactive oxygen species of the psoas major muscle in complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain in rats." Molecular Pain 16 (January 2020): 174480692092924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744806920929246.

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Lower limb pain is a common clinical disease that affects millions of people worldwide. It is found in previous studies that reactive oxygen species is closely related to neuropathic, cancer, chemotherapy, and inflammatory pain, which can be relieved by reactive oxygen species scavengers. Furthermore, acupuncture or electroacupuncture on the psoas major muscle has a great effect on adjuvant-induced arthritis and lower back pain. In our study, we investigated the function of reactive oxygen species scavengers locally injecting into the ipsilateral psoas major muscle on complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain. Our results demonstrated that in the development of complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain, early local continuous application of N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN, 1 and 5 mg/kg/0.2 ml) on the ipsilateral psoas major muscle effectively reduced mechanical and cold hyperalgesia. However, intraperitoneal injection of PBN (1 and 5 mg/kg) or local injection of PBN (1 and 5 mg/kg/0.2 ml) into contralateral psoas major muscle, ipsilateral quadratus lumborum, and ipsilateral erector spinae showed limited effect. In the developed inflammatory pain model, local injection of PBN into the ipsilateral psoas major muscle also alleviated pain and paw edema. In addition, reactive oxygen species level increased in ipsilateral psoas major muscle at seven days after complete Freund’s adjuvant injection. In general, PBN reduces complete Freund’s adjuvant-evoked inflammatory pain by inhibiting reactive oxygen species in the psoas major muscle.

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18

Jung, Boris, Stephanie Nougaret, Matthieu Conseil, Yannaël Coisel, Emmanuel Futier, Gerald Chanques, Nicolas Molinari, Alain Lacampagne, Stefan Matecki, and Samir Jaber. "Sepsis Is Associated with a Preferential Diaphragmatic Atrophy." Anesthesiology 120, no. 5 (May 1, 2014): 1182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000000201.

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Abstract Background: Diaphragm and psoas are affected during sepsis in animal models. Whether diaphragm or limb muscle is preferentially affected during sepsis in the critically ill remains unclear. Methods: Retrospective secondary analysis study including 40 patients, comparing control (n = 17) and critically ill patients, with (n = 14) or without sepsis (n = 9). Diaphragm volume, psoas volume, and cross-sectional area of the skeletal muscles at the third lumbar vertebra were measured during intensive care unit (ICU) stay using tridimensional computed tomography scan volumetry. Diaphragm strength was evaluated using magnetic phrenic nerve stimulation. The primary endpoint was the comparison between diaphragm and peripheral muscle volume kinetics during the ICU stay among critically ill patients, with or without sepsis. Results: Upon ICU admission, neither diaphragm nor psoas muscle volumes were significantly different between critically ill and control patients (163 ± 53 cm3vs. 197 ± 82 cm3 for the diaphragm, P = 0.36, and 272 ± 116 cm3vs. to 329 ± 166 cm3 for the psoas, P = 0.31). Twenty-five (15 to 36) days after admission, diaphragm volume decreased by 11 ± 13% in nonseptic and by 27 ± 12% in septic patients, P = 0.01. Psoas volume decreased by 11 ± 10% in nonseptic and by 19 ± 13% in septic patients, P = 0.09. Upon ICU admission, diaphragm strength was correlated with diaphragm volume and was lower in septic (6.2 cm H2O [5.6 to 9.3]) than that in nonseptic patients (13.2 cm H2O [12.3 to 15.6]), P = 0.01. Conclusions: During the ICU stay, both diaphragm and psoas volumes decreased. In septic patients, the authors report for the first time in humans preferential diaphragm atrophy compared with peripheral muscles.

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Akkoc, Ibrahim, Mehmet Toptas, Mazhar Yalcin, Eren Demir, and Yasar Toptas. "Psoas Muscle Area Measured with Computed Tomography at Admission to Intensive Care Unit: Prediction of In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Pulmonary Embolism." BioMed Research International 2020 (March 7, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1586707.

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Aim. Sarcopenia, a core component of physical frailty, is an independent risk factor for suboptimal health outcomes in hospitalized patients, especially in the intensive care patients. Psoas muscle areas can be assessed to identify sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic value of psoas muscle area measured with CT for the prediction of in-hospital mortality in patients with pulmonary embolism at admission to the intensive care unit. Methods. Patients with an admission abdominal computed tomography scan and requiring intensive care unit (ICU) stay were reviewed. Selected clinical data of patients admitted to intensive care unit for the management of pulmonary embolism were collected. Using CT scan images at the level of L3 vertebra, the psoas muscle area value was obtained by dividing the sum of the right and left psoas muscle areas into the body surface area. Results. In-hospital mortality rate was 22.5% in 89 patients. The pulmonary embolism patients with in-hospital mortality had higher PESI and lower value of psoas muscle area, in addition to the lower systolic blood pressure and arterial oxygen saturation at admission. The increase in the value of psoas muscle area is associated with a decrease in the rate of in-hospital mortality. In patients with in-hospital mortality related to pulmonary embolism, the higher PESI and the lower value of psoas muscle area were considered in accordance with the outcome of patients. Conclusions. For the prediction of in-hospital mortality risk in patients with pulmonary embolism managed in intensive care unit, the psoas muscle area value has a merit to be used among the routine diagnostic procedures after further studies conducted with different severity of pulmonary embolism.

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Pate, E., M. Lin, K. Franks-Skiba, and R. Cooke. "Contraction of glycerinated rabbit slow-twitch muscle fibers as a function of MgATP concentration." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 262, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): C1039—C1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1992.262.4.c1039.

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We have measured the isometric tension and force-velocity relationships of glycerinated rabbit slow-twitch semimembranosus muscle as a function of MgATP concentration ([MgATP]) and have compared the results with those obtained previously from fast-twitch psoas muscle. We find that isometric tension decreases as [MgATP] increases. The magnitude of the decrease is not as great as observed in psoas. Maximum shortening velocity (Vmax) exhibits classical Michaelian saturation behavior with respect to [MgATP] with a Michaelis constant (Km) for half-maximal velocity of 18 microM and a value at saturating [MgATP] of 0.6 muscle lengths/s. Similar values were observed in fibers from soleus, another slow-twitch muscle. The corresponding values in rabbit psoas muscle are 150 microM and 1.6 lengths/s. Compared with psoas, in semimembranosus muscle Km decreases by a factor of approximately 10, whereas Vmax decreases by about a factor of 3. Thus, although in a nonphysiological regime, at low [MgATP], a "fast" muscle actually has a lower shortening velocity than a "slow" muscle.

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Nosek, T. M., J. H. Leal-Cardoso, M. McLaughlin, and R. E. Godt. "Inhibitory influence of phosphate and arsenate on contraction of skinned skeletal and cardiac muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 259, no. 6 (December 1, 1990): C933—C939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1990.259.6.c933.

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It has been widely observed that Pi decreases maximum calcium-activated force (Fmax) and calcium sensitivity of skinned skeletal and cardiac muscle. However, whether a particular ionic species of Pi (i.e., H2PO4-) is responsible for these effects is controversial. To clarify this issue, we examined the influence of Pi and its structural analogue arsenate (Asi) on contraction of skinned rabbit psoas (fast twitch), soleus (slow twitch), and cardiac papillary muscle. Asi decreased Fmax of all three muscles types to a greater extent than Pi. Both Pi and Asi decreased calcium sensitivity of psoas and cardiac muscles, with Asi having the greater effect. The effect of the protonated form of Pi and Asi on Fmax was evaluated by measuring the response to 30 mM total Pi or Asi at pH 7.4, 7.0, 6.6, and 6.2. In psoas fibers we found that both Pi and Asi were more effective in decreasing Fmax as the pH was lowered (i.e., as the concentration of the diprotonated forms increased). On the contrary, soleus and cardiac fibers did not exhibit this behavior. These differences in the effects of Pi and Asi on Fmax in psoas vs. cardiac and soleus muscles may be related to differences in their myosin heavy chains other than the binding site for the gamma-phosphate of ATP which appears to be conserved for all myosins.

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Voyadzis, Jean-Marc, Daniel Felbaum, and Jay Rhee. "The rising psoas sign: an analysis of preoperative imaging characteristics of aborted minimally invasive lateral interbody fusions at L4–5." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 20, no. 5 (May 2014): 531–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.1.spine13153.

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Minimally invasive lateral interbody fusion for the treatment of degenerative disc disease, spondylolisthesis, or scoliosis is becoming increasingly popular. The approach at L4–5 carries the highest risk of nerve injury given the proximity of the lumbar plexus and femoral nerve. The authors present 3 cases that were aborted during the approach because of pervasive electromyography responses throughout the L4–5 disc space. Preoperative imaging characteristics of psoas muscle anatomy in all 3 cases are analyzed and discussed. In all cases, the psoas muscle on axial views was rising away from the vertebral column as opposed to its typical location lateral to it. Preoperative evaluation of psoas muscle anatomy is important. A rising psoas muscle at L4–5 on axial imaging may complicate a lateral approach.

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Vaskoska, Rozita, Minh Ha, Zahra Batool Naqvi, Jason David White, and Robyn Dorothy Warner. "Muscle, Ageing and Temperature Influence the Changes in Texture, Cooking Loss and Shrinkage of Cooked Beef." Foods 9, no. 9 (September 14, 2020): 1289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9091289.

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This study aimed to quantify the effect of muscle, ageing and cooking temperature on the texture, cooking loss and shrinkage of cooked beef. Cuboids from unaged (1 day post mortem) and aged (14 days post mortem) semitendinosus, biceps femoris and psoas major muscles, from both sides of five beef carcasses, were cooked at four different cooking temperatures (50, 60, 70 and 80 °C) for 30 min. and their Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBSF), cooking loss and shrinkage (longitudinal and transverse) were quantified. The WBSF was reduced by ageing in the muscles at the specific cooking temperatures: psoas major (cooked at 50, 60 and 80 °C), semitendinosus (70 and 80 °C) and biceps femoris (80 °C). The cooking loss was 3% greater in aged compared to unaged muscles. The longitudinal shrinkage was greatest in psoas major at 80 °C amongst the muscle types and it was reduced by ageing in psoas major (70 and 80 °C) and biceps femoris (80 °C). The transverse shrinkage was reduced by ageing only in biceps femoris, across all temperatures; and the diameter of homogenized fibre fragments from semitendinosus and biceps femoris was reduced more by cooking at 50 °C in unaged compared to aged condition. WBSF was related to transverse shrinkage, and cooking loss was related to longitudinal shrinkage. The effect of muscle type on the physical changes occurring during cooking of beef is dependent on ageing and cooking temperature.

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Kameyama, Kyoko Nakao, Aki Kido, Yuki Himoto, Yusaku Moribata, Sachiko Minamiguchi, Ikuo Konishi, and Kaori Togashi. "What is the most suitable MR signal index for quantitative evaluation of placental function using Half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo compared with T2-relaxation time?" Acta Radiologica 59, no. 6 (September 1, 2017): 748–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185117727786.

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Background Half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) imaging is now widely used for placental and fetal imaging because of its rapidity and low sensitivity to fetal movement. If placental dysfunction is also predicted by quantitative value obtained from HASTE image, then it might be beneficial for evaluating placental wellbeing. Purpose To ascertain the most suitable magnetic resonance (MR) signal indexes reflecting placental function using HASTE imaging. Material and Methods This retrospective study included 37 consequent patients who had given informed consent to MR imaging (MRI) examinations. All had undergone MRI examinations between February 2014 and June 2015. First, the correlation between T2-relaxation time of normal placenta and gestational age (GA) was examined. Second, correlation between signal intensity ratios (SIRs) using HASTE imaging and placental T2-relaxation time were assessed. The SIRs were calculated using placental signal intensity (SI) relative to the SI of the amniotic fluid, fetal ocular globes, gastric fluid, bladder, maternal psoas major muscles, and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue. Results Among the 37 patients, the correlation between T2-relaxation time of the 25 normal placentas and GA showed a moderately strong correlation (Spearman rho = –0.447, P = 0.0250). The most significant correlation with placental T2-relaxation time was observed with the placental SIR relative to the maternal psoas major muscles (SIRpl./psoas muscle) (Spearman rho = −0.531, P = 0.0007). Conclusion This study revealed that SIRpl./psoas muscle showed the best correlation to placental T2-relaxation time. Results show that SIRpl./psoas muscle might be optimal as a clinically available quantitative index of placental function.

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Lenchik, Leon, Kristin M. Lenoir, Josh Tan, Robert D. Boutin, Kathryn E. Callahan, Stephen B. Kritchevsky, and Brian J. Wells. "Opportunistic Measurement of Skeletal Muscle Size and Muscle Attenuation on Computed Tomography Predicts 1-Year Mortality in Medicare Patients." Journals of Gerontology: Series A 74, no. 7 (August 16, 2018): 1063–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gly183.

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Abstract Background Opportunistic assessment of sarcopenia on CT examinations is becoming increasingly common. This study aimed to determine relationships between CT-measured skeletal muscle size and attenuation with 1-year risk of mortality in older adults enrolled in a Medicare Shared Savings Program (MSSP). Methods Relationships between skeletal muscle metrics and all-cause mortality were determined in 436 participants (52% women, mean age 75 years) who had abdominopelvic CT examinations. On CT images, skeletal muscles were segmented at the level of L3 using two methods: (a) all muscles with a threshold of −29 to +150 Hounsfield units (HU), using a dedicated segmentation software, (b) left psoas muscle using a free-hand region of interest tool on a clinical workstation. Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and muscle attenuation were measured. Cox regression models were fit to determine the associations between muscle metrics and mortality, adjusting for age, sex, race, smoking status, cancer diagnosis, and Charlson comorbidity index. Results Within 1 year of follow-up, 20.6% (90/436) participants died. In the fully-adjusted model, higher muscle index and muscle attenuation were associated with lower risk of mortality. A one-unit standard deviation (SD) increase was associated with a HR = 0.69 (95% CI = 0.49, 0.96; p = .03) for total muscle index, HR = 0.67 (95% CI = 0.49, 0.90; p < .01) for psoas muscle index, HR = 0.54 (95% CI = 0.40, 0.74; p < .01) for total muscle attenuation, and HR = 0.79 (95% CI = 0.66, 0.95; p = .01) for psoas muscle attenuation. Conclusion In older adults, higher skeletal muscle index and muscle attenuation on abdominopelvic CT examinations were associated with better survival, after adjusting for multiple risk factors.

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Wagner, Scott C., Arjun S. Sebastian, James C. McKenzie, Joseph S. Butler, Ian D. Kaye, Patrick B. Morrissey, Alexander R. Vaccaro, and Christopher K. Kepler. "Severe Lumbar Disability Is Associated With Decreased Psoas Cross-Sectional Area in Degenerative Spondylolisthesis." Global Spine Journal 8, no. 7 (March 27, 2018): 716–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2192568218765399.

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Study Design: Retrospective cohort. Objectives: Alterations in lumbar paraspinal muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) may correlate with lumbar pathology. The purpose of this study was to compare paraspinal CSA in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis and severe lumbar disability to those with mild or moderate lumbar disability, as determined by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 101 patients undergoing lumbar fusion for degenerative spondylolisthesis. Patients were divided into ODI score ≤40 (mild/moderate disability, MMD) and ODI score >40 (severe disability, SD) groups. The total CSA of the psoas and paraspinal muscles were measured on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results: There were 37 patients in the SD group and 64 in the MMD group. Average age and body mass index were similar between groups. For the paraspinal muscles, we were unable to demonstrate any significant differences in total CSA between the groups. Psoas muscle CSA was significantly decreased in the SD group compared with the MMD group (1010.08 vs 1178.6 mm2, P = .041). Multivariate analysis found that psoas CSA in the upper quartile was significantly protective against severe disability ( P = .013). Conclusions: We found that patients with severe lumbar disability had no significant differences in posterior lumbar paraspinal CSA when compared with those with mild/moderate disability. However, severely disabled patients had significantly decreased psoas CSA, and larger psoas CSA was strongly protective against severe disability, suggestive of a potential association with psoas atrophy and worsening severity of lumbar pathology.

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Domaschko, D. W., R. E. Edelmann, and E. B. Kahle. "Ulrtrastructural analysis of satellite cells in skeletal muscle of obese and lean LA/N-facp rats." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 914–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100140944.

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The biochemical phenomena associated with obesity have been studied extensively. Hollands and Cawthorn have reported that the back postural muscle in the ob/ob obese mouse model are responsible for nearly as much fatty acid production as the liver. The hindlimb musculature has been shown to produce higher levels of fatty acids in venous return blood when compared to the arterial blood. These studies have shown the ability of obese muscle to serve as major sites of fatty acid synthesis in the obese animals. This study has sought to identify any ultrastructural variations in red skeletal muscle from the hindlimb and back postural muscles. These studies have revealed aberrations in the satellite cells between the obese and lean phenotypes as well as the presence of lipid droplets in the capillaries of the obese animals’ psoas major muscle.Samples were taken from the bellies of the psoas major representing the back postural muscles and the gastrocnemeius and soleus muscles representing the hindlimb muscle.

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Benedek, Zalán, Szabolcs Todor-Boér, Loránd Kocsis, Orsolya Bauer, Nicolae Suciu, and Marius Florin Coroș. "Psoas Muscle Index Defined by Computer Tomography Predicts the Presence of Postoperative Complications in Colorectal Cancer Surgery." Medicina 57, no. 5 (May 11, 2021): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57050472.

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Background and Objectives: Sarcopenia is a recognized prognostic factor for both complications and survival in cancer patients. This study aims to analyze the relationship between sarcopenia measured by psoas muscle index on computer tomography scans and the presence of postoperative complications in colorectal cancer surgery. Materials and Methods: In a prospective study we recorded data from 51 patients who underwent colorectal cancer surgery in the Mures County Clinical Hospital, Romania. Total psoas muscle area and psoas density were measured at the level of the third lumbal vertebra (L3) for further index calculation. We also evaluated the general characteristics and laboratory analyses to obtain more information about status of the patients. Short-term postoperative complications were scored according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Results: The majority of the 51 patients were male (61%) and the median age was 65 years. More than half of the cancer was located in the rectum (56.9%), a quarter in the right colon (25.5%), the rest in the sigmoid (11.8%), and the left colon (5.9%). Twenty-one patients (41.2%) developed a complication, five (9.8%) of these were Clavien-Dindo grade 3, 4 or 5 (high grade) and sixteen (31.3%) grade 1 or 2 (low grade). The low- and high-grade groups showed a significantly lower right psoas muscle area, left psoas muscle area, total psoas muscle area, and psoas muscle index (p < 0.001 in all cases). Among laboratory analyses, a significantly lower perioperative hematocrit, hemoglobin, and albumin level were found in patients who developed complications. Furthermore we observed that an elevated serum C-reactive protein level was associated with a higher grade of complication (p < 0.043). Conclusions: The psoas muscle index (PMI) influence on the postoperative outcome is an important factor in our single center prospective study and it appears to be a good overall predictor in colorectal surgery. A lower PMI is directly associated with a low or high grade complication by Clavien-Dindo classification. Perioperative inflammatory and nutritional status evidenced by serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin level influences the presence of postoperative complications.

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Shelton, Tiffani Dawn, Jan Franko, Charles David Goldman, and Shawna Grimm. "Interobserver correlation of morphometric data obtained from routine preoperative abdominal CT scans in pancreatic surgery." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e20714-e20714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e20714.

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e20714 Background: Quantification of frailty is necessary for estimation of therapy tolerance. Sarcopenia is a recognized measure of frailty and predicts long-term survival in both non-surgical and surgical cohorts. Here we set to evaluate interobserver agreement for certain sarcopenia parameters on routine abdominal CT scans among patients undergoing Whipple procedure for suspicion of neoplasm. Methods: Two observers using a standardized protocol for measurements of linear and surface morphometric parameters independently reviewed thirty abdominal CT scans. Results: Mean morphometric data for the entire group were: total psoas area 2237±868 mm2, mean psoas muscle density 46±9 HU, mean psoas antero-posterior diameter 40±8mm, mean psoas latero-lateral diameter 36±8 mm, mean rectus muscle thickness 9.2±2.6 mm, mean distance between anterior vertebral L4 surface and linea alba 115±28 mm (L4-alba distance), mean subcutaneous fat thickness 23.7 ±11.5mm, mean L4 vertebra antero-posterior diameter 37.6±5.2 mm. Excellent inter-observer correlation was observed for total psoas area is R2=0.788, p<0.001. Similarly good correlation was detected between observers for rectus muscle thickness (R2=0.6019, p<0.001), subcutaneous fat thickness (R2=0.731, p<0.001), and L4-alba distance (R2=0.601, p<0.001). Poor correlation was observed for L4 diameter (R2=0.392,p=0.0014). No interobserver correlation was observed for psoas muscle density (R2=0.005, p=0.743). Conclusions: Excellent degree of interobserver correlation was observed for the following morphometric data obtained from abdominal CT scans: Total psoas muscle area, L4-alba distance, rectus muscle and subcutaneous fat thickness. Further studies are needed to evaluate utility of morphometric parameters for prediction of surgical outcomes.

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Velotto, S., E. Varricchio, M. R. Di Prisco, T. Stasi, and A. Crasto. "Skeletal Myocyte Types and Vascularity in the Black Sicilian Pig." Acta Veterinaria Brno 76, no. 2 (2007): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200776020163.

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The objective of this study was to verify the presence of giant fibres in the Black Sicilian pig skeletal muscle and to evaluate the effect of sex on histochemical and morphometric characteristics of the myocytes (myofibres) as well as vascularity of the muscle. Twenty Black Sicilian pigs (10 males, 10 females) from a farm in Sicily (Italy) were slaughtered at two years of age. Muscle tissues were obtained from three muscles: psoas major, longissimus dorsi, and trapezius. Myofibres were stained for myosin ATPase, succinic dehydrogenase, and α-amylase-PAS. For all fibre types, area and perimeter were measured. Slow-twitch oxidative fibres, fast-twitch glycolytic fibres and fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic fibres were histochemically differentiated; an image-analyzing system was used. The results showed no differences between males and females in percentage of the fibre types, but there were significant differences between sexes in size of all the three fibre types. Psoas major muscle had a high percentage of slow-twitch oxidative fibres and contained more capillaries per fibre and per mm2 than trapezius and longissimus dorsi, in which fast-twitch glycolytic fibres dominated. The cross-sectional area of all fibres types was larger in longissimus dorsi than in trapezius and psoas major muscles; the giant fibres were absent in all the muscles studied. Fibre type composition may contribute to the variation of meat quality.

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Acosta, Frank L., Doniel Drazin, and John C. Liu. "Supra-psoas Shallow Docking in Lateral Interbody Fusion." Operative Neurosurgery 73, suppl_1 (January 28, 2013): ons48—ons52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e318288a202.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: Lateral interbody fusion techniques have been linked with considerable postoperative morbidity, often the outcome of direct psoas trauma. The most common neurological postoperative complications are transient motor weakness/palsy and sensory dysesthesia, which can be permanent. It appears that these neural complications are a result of passing through the psoas muscle where the potential for nerve injury is significant. The supra-psoas shallow docking method may be a safer alternative and may help minimize morbidities by eliminating or reducing direct psoas injury. OBJECTIVE: To describe the operative technique of performing lateral interbody fusion using supra-psoas retractor docking. METHODS: The authors describe the surgical technique including side selection, positioning, and patient outcomes. RESULTS: Fifteen patients were treated with the supra-psoas shallow docking method. Specifically, no patient reported weakness, numbness, and/or pain on the side that underwent the surgery. In these cases, performing lateral transpsoas interbody fusion using supra-psoas shallow docking appeared to minimize the most common neurological postoperative complications of the surgery, motor weakness/palsy and sensory dysesthesia, which may be a result of dilation of the psoas muscle. CONCLUSION: The shallow docking technique may decrease postoperative morbidities by docking on top of psoas muscle instead of passing through it. An important potential benefit of this approach is direct visualization of the lumbosacral plexus, which may potentially minimize the postoperative neurological morbidity often encountered in patients after this surgery.

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Pereira-Neves, António. "Impact of sarcopenia in aortoiliac occlusive disease in Mediterranean population." Turkish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 28, no. 4 (October 22, 2020): 615–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5606/tgkdc.dergisi.2020.20146.

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Background: This study aims to validate the psoas muscle area and psoas muscle density as morphometric predictors in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular endpoints in patients with extensive aortoiliac peripheral arterial disease. Methods: A total of 57 patients (55 males, 2 females; mean age 60±8.2 years; range, 35 to 83 years) with Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus type D lesions who underwent revascularization at two Portuguese tertiary hospitals between January 2013 and July 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients with a recent (<6 months) computed tomography scan prior to the revascularization procedure were included in the study. Both centers offered to their patients open and endovascular repair of aortoiliac peripheral arterial disease. Major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and major adverse limb events were evaluated. Results: The median follow-up was 20 months. The mean survival rate was 93±3.4% at 30 days and 62.7±8.6% at 48 months. The discriminative thresholds found in this population were 2,175.8 mm2 for total psoas area and 51.75 Hounsfield unit for psoas muscle density. There was a statistically significant difference in the one-year survival rate (p=0.003 and p=0.291, respectively) and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (p=0.005 and p=0.206, respectively) for total psoas area compared to psoas muscle density. Conclusion: Total psoas area shows a prognostic value for survival and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in this patient population.

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Wojtysiak, Dorota. "Myosin Heavy Chain Composition, Rate of Dystrophin and Integrin Degradation and Meat Quality of Pig Longissimus thoracis and psoas major Muscles During Postmortem Aging." Annals of Animal Science 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2019-0062.

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AbstractThis study evaluated myosin heavy chain composition and the effect of aging time (45 min, 24 h, 96 h and 168 h) on meat quality parameters and dystrophin and integrin degradation pattern in longissimus thoracis and psoas major muscles of 24 Polish Landrace fatteners slaughtered at 100 kg body weight. It was found that m. longissimus thoracis had a greater percentage of MyHC-IIB (P≤0.05) and a significantly lower percentage of type I and IIA/IIX (P≤0.05) compared with the m. psoas major. Moreover, psoas major muscle had significantly higher (P≤0.05) pH45, pH24 and lower drip loss values for 45 min to 24 h, 45 min to 96 h and 45 min to 168 h than m. longissimus thoracis. Muscle type also had a significant effect on the rate of dystrophin and integrin degradation postmortem, which were significantly (P≤0.05) more rapidly degraded in the m. longissimus thoracis compared to the m. psoas major. It is concluded from the obtained results that the muscles with a greater percentage of MyHC-IIB show lower pH values, which translates into more rapid rate of integrin and dystrophin degradation. Ultimately, this may contribute to higher drip loss values during refrigerated storage.

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Karaman, Ibrahim, Ibrahim Halil Kafadar, Murat Kahraman, and Mehmet Halici. "Primary Cystic Echinococcosis in Psoas Muscle." Erciyes Tıp Dergisi/Erciyes Medical Journal 37, no. 1 (May 14, 2015): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/etd.2015.7832.

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Lee, Yoon Jung, Min Ji Lee, and Jong Kyun Lee. "Actinomycosis in Pancreas and Psoas Muscle." Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 60, no. 1 (2012): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4166/kjg.2012.60.1.61.

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Morjana, N. A., and T. G. Flynn. "Aldose reductase from human psoas muscle." Journal of Biological Chemistry 264, no. 5 (February 1989): 2906–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(19)81698-8.

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Morjana, N. A., C. Lyons, and T. G. Flynn. "Aldose reductase from human psoas muscle." Journal of Biological Chemistry 264, no. 5 (February 1989): 2912–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(19)81699-x.

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Margulies, Daniel R., and Francis W. Teng. "Psoas Muscle Hematoma from Blunt Trauma." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 45, no. 1 (July 1998): 155–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199807000-00033.

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Agichani, Sonali, Yogesh Sontakke, Joshi S.S., and Joshi S.D. "MORPHOLOGY OF PSOAS MINOR MUSCLE - REVIEWED." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental sciences 2, no. 31 (August 5, 2013): 5867–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/1072.

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Kirchmair, Lukas, Philipp Lirk, Joshua Colvin, Gottfried Mitterschiffthaler, and Bernhard Moriggl. "Lumbar Plexus and Psoas Major Muscle." Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 33, no. 2 (March 2008): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00115550-200803000-00004.

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Melis, Marcovalerio, Luigi Marongiu, Francesco Scintu, Michele Pisano, Fabio Capra, Luigi Zorcolo, and Giuseppe Casula. "Primary hydatid cysts of psoas muscle." ANZ Journal of Surgery 72, no. 6 (June 2002): 443–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1445-2197.2002.02420.x.

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Asakura, Yusuke. "Micro Air Bubble in Psoas Muscle." Anesthesiology 130, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000002539.

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Seo, Jun Gue, Joo Chul Yang, Tae Wan Kim, and Kwan Ho Park. "Intramuscular hematoma on the psoas muscle." Korean Journal of Neurotrauma 15, no. 2 (2019): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.13004/kjnt.2019.15.e29.

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SWANSON, Amy, Kenneth K. LAU, Tony KORNMAN, Euan M. WALLACE, and Alex POLYAKOV. "Primary psoas muscle abscess in pregnancy." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 48, no. 6 (December 2008): 607–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-828x.2008.00921.x.

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Pillet, J., J. M. Chevalier, D. Rasomanana, B. Enon, Ph Mercier, F. Lescalie, F. Moreau, and P. Cronier. "L'artère principale du muscle grand psoas." Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 11, S1 (March 1989): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02177370.

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Ramia, José Manuel, Roberto de la Plaza, Soledad Alonso, Luis Gijón, and José Valenzuela. "“Ancient” Schwannoma in the Psoas Muscle." Cirugía Española (English Edition) 94, no. 2 (February 2016): e37-e39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cireng.2015.01.009.

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Kashiwagi, Eiji, Masaki Shiota, Kenjiro Imada, Keisuke Monji, Ario Takeuchi, Junichi Inokuchi, Katsunori Tatsugami, and Masatoshi Eto. "Relationship between body composition and hormone sensitivity for androgen deprivation therapy in metastatic prostate cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e16500-e16500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e16500.

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e16500 Background: Obesity has been reported to have an influence on prostate cancer incidence and its aggressive phenotype but this remains controversial. Body mass index (BMI) is useful marker of obesity but it does not represent body fat percentage precisely. The relationship between body composition and the efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has not well been studied. Here, we investigated whether body composition features including the psoas muscle may be predictive factors of ADT. Methods: This study enrolled hormone-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer patients who were treated with primary ADT from April 2006 to August 2009 in Kyushu University Hospital, and who underwent a CT scan prior to primary ADT for calculating body fat percentage, psoas muscle ratio (psoas muscle, cm3/height, cm2), and BMI. Results: Of the 178 patients enrolled, 60 patients died during follow-up. Median follow-up was 32 months, and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 28 and 80 months, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that the psoas muscle ratio was correlated with OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.448; 95% CI = 0.206–0.922; P= 0.028). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that higher psoas muscle ratio predicts longer OS among non-localized prostate cancer patients treated with primary ADT. [Table: see text]

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Ouchi, Kotaro, Yohei Oki, Toru Sakuma, and Hiroya Ojiri. "Risk of Psoas Muscle Atrophy After Endovascular Aneurysm Repair Assessed by Cross-Sectional Psoas Muscle Area." CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology 43, no. 7 (May 15, 2020): 981–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00270-020-02500-x.

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Lin, Bixuan, and Poonam Beniwal-Patel. "CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PSOAS MUSCLE COMPOSITION IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 27, Supplement_1 (January 1, 2021): S8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izaa347.020.

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Abstract Background Total psoas muscle cross sectional area, as identified with computed tomography (CT), has been associated with clinical outcomes in various disease states. Unfortunately, total psoas CSA does not differentiate muscle density nor fat, both of which may be abnormal in obesity. Using a novel CT method to partition psoas muscle into low and high density muscle, recent studies have demonstrated low and high attenuating psoas muscle may be superior to total psoas CSA in identifying sarcopenic obesity. The impact of varying muscle composition in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is unknown. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of IBD patients from a tertiary care center. Psoas muscle composition was determined using a novel and validated CT method. High and low attenuating bilateral psoas muscle was measured at the level of the 3rd lumbar vertebra. Clinical remission, surgery, hospitalization, and corticosteroid use were stratified by low and high density muscle and evaluated 6 weeks from the index CT. Results We identified 115 consecutive patients with a routine CT scan. Majority of patients had a greater quantity of low-density muscle (LDM), 95% had CD and 71% were not in clinical remission at the time of baseline CT. Of those with a greater quantity of LDM, 68% had history of IBD surgery and 60% were current/former smokers. The mean pre-CT body mass index (BMI) for the greater quantity LDM was significantly higher (p=0.002) than the mean pre-CTE BMI for those with low LDMC. Seventy percent with greater quantity of low-density muscle were either overweight or obese and 20% had a normal range BMI. Six months after the baseline CT, 53% in the lower quantity LDM had clinical remission, whereas 33.3% had remission in the high LDMC (p=0.05). Patients with greater quantity LDM were more likely to require corticosteroids in the 6 months after index CT, as compared to those with lower quantity LDM (p=0.02). Conclusion This observational study showed an association between greater quantity of LDM and obesity and worse IBD-related outcomes. This is the first study to evaluate the impact of muscle composition on IBD outcomes and our results offer a novel tool to risk stratify patients with IBD. Our study is limited by the retrospective nature, limited sample size, and narrow longitudinal follow-up. Larger prospective studies with greater longitudinal follow-up are needed to confirm our retrospective findings.

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Izumoto, Yoka, Toshiyuki Kurihara, Sumiaki Maeo, Takashi Sugiyama, Hiroaki Kanehisa, and Tadao Isaka. "Relationship between Trunk Muscularity and Club Head Speed in Male Golfers." International Journal of Sports Medicine 41, no. 06 (February 11, 2020): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1087-2332.

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AbstractThis study examined how the volume of trunk muscles and its bilateral asymmetry are related to club head speed in golfers. Fourteen right-handed male golfers performed five driver shots, and the club head speed for each trial was calculated from a three-dimensional reflective marker position of the club head immediately before impact. The volume of each side of the rectus abdominis, erector spinae, psoas major, quadratus lumborum, lateral abdominal wall muscle, and multifidus was determined using magnetic resonance imaging. For each muscle, the ratio of the larger to smaller side in muscle volume was calculated to assess bilateral asymmetry. The club head speed correlated positively with the volume of each side of the rectus abdominis and erector spinae, left quadratus lumborum, and the asymmetric ratio of the psoas major (r=0.595–0.747), but negatively with the asymmetric ratio of the quadratus lumborum (r=−0.641). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the right erector spinae volume and the asymmetric ratio of the psoas major were significant contributors for the club head speed (R2=0.797). These results indicate that the variation in the club head speed can be strongly explained by the absolute volume and bilateral asymmetry of specific trunk muscles.

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