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Journal articles on the topic 'PSPP decision'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 15 September 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Wendel, Mattias. "Paradoxes of Ultra-Vires Review: A Critical Review of the PSPP Decision and Its Initial Reception." German Law Journal 21, no. 5 (July 2020): 979–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/glj.2020.62.

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AbstractThis contribution explores paradoxes of ultra vires review with specific regard to the PSPP decision of the German Federal Constitutional Court in the light of the decision’s initial reception. While some of these paradoxes are inherent in the very nature of ultra vires review, others are specific to the PSPP judgment. They relate to the underlying doctrinal and theoretical premises, to key concepts such as proportionality or the scope of judicial review, to the overall context in which the decision is embedded, and even to the community which is addressed and affected by the decision. It is the sad irony that the Federal Constitutional Court, while accusing others of manifestly exceeding their competences, does not sufficiently adhere to its own standards and increasingly risks overstretching the boundaries of its mandate under the Basic Law.

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2

Walter, Christian. "Wohin steuern die Ultra-vires- und die Identitätskontrolle? Eine Zwischenbilanz anhand der Entscheidungen des Bundesverfassungsgerichts im PSPP-Verfahren." integration 44, no. 3 (2021): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0720-5120-2021-3-211.

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The article takes stock of the consequences which the decisions of the German Federal Constitutional Court (FCC) concerning the Public Sector Purchase Programme (PSPP) of the European Union (EU) have had on the relation between EU law and the German constitution. The interplay between the PSPP judgment of 5 May 2020 and a follow-up decision on its enforcement reveals a certain degree of back-paddling by the FCC. Irrespective of the infringement procedure, which the European Commission recently initiated against Germany, there are good chances for a respite for both the FCC and the Court of Justice of the EU. It is up to the FCC to use this period to clarify where it is headed with its jurisprudence on controlling the application of EU law in Germany.

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3

Egidy, Stefanie. "Proportionality and procedure of monetary policy-making." International Journal of Constitutional Law 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 285–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icon/moab015.

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Abstract In a highly controversial decision, the German Federal Constitutional Court (FCC) decided that the Public Sector Purchase Program (PSPP) of the European Central Bank (ECB) was ultra vires because it violated the principle of proportionality. The FCC took a procedural approach to proportionality, finding that the ECB had failed to substantiate its balancing assessment. Therefore, the Court considered itself unable to review whether PSPP was substantively proportionate, but announced that it might do so in a future case. The judgment raises the fundamental question of how courts should review monetary policy. The article begins by exploring the role of central banks between independence and accountability. Then, it analyzes, in three steps, what role the principle of proportionality should play in the realm of monetary policy. First, I argue that a traditional substantive balancing test as part of proportionality review is not applicable to monetary policy decisions and highlight the pitfalls of the FCC’s approach. Second, I claim that the imposed procedural “duty to substantiate” is not suitable to promote the democratic accountability of the ECB. Third, I contend that, therefore, the PSPP ruling creates an impetus for strengthening the ECB’s supranational accountability. I suggest that improving the monetary dialogue with the EU Parliament and establishing a comprehensive transparency regime for the ECB could further this goal. Ultimately, I propose that a narrow reading of the PSPP ruling could reconcile the current conflict between the FCC and the ECB and still provide a sufficient level of judicial accountability for the ECB’s monetary policy-making.

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4

Perkins, Andrew James. "The Legal and Economic Questions posed by the German Constitutional Court’s decision in the Public Sector Purchase Programme (PSPP) Case." ATHENS JOURNAL OF LAW 7, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 399–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajl.7-3-7.

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This paper seeks to explore the PSPP decision of the German Constitutional Court and its effect on the monetary policy decisions taken by central banks. It begins by exploring the decision and its effect in Germany, together with its wider implications for the European Monetary Union before moving onto consider the standard of review that should be applied by the Courts when they are required to review central banks actions. Conclusions are reached to show that any standard of review should be limited because of the unique economic and political circumstances in which central bank decision making takes place. Keywords: Central Banking; Judicial Review; Proportionality; European Law; European Monetary Union.

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5

Petersen, Niels. "Karlsruhe’s Lochner Moment? A Rational Choice Perspective on the German Federal Constitutional Court’s Relationship to the CJEU After the PSPP Decision." German Law Journal 21, no. 5 (July 2020): 995–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/glj.2020.54.

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AbstractOn May 5, 2020, the German Federal Constitutional Court issued the PSPP decision, sending shock waves through the European Union. This contribution analyzes the consequences of the PSPP decision for the future relationship between the German FCC and the CJEU and for European integration as a whole. The article consists of four parts. First, I will provide some context and model the interaction between domestic and international courts from a rational choice perspective. Second, I will recapitulate some core aspects of the relationship between the German Federal Constitutional Court and the CJEU in particular. I argue that the relationship between both courts had evolved into a strategic equilibrium in which it was costly not to respect the decision of the other party. The third section then looks for reasons why Karlsruhe nevertheless deviated from this equilibrium despite the significant costs involved. The fourth section, finally, considers the way ahead and analyzes what possible consequences for the future relationship between the Federal Constitutional Court and the CJEU.

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6

Börner, Achim-Rüdiger. "Das PSPP-Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts: Umfang der Übertragung von Souveränität und Überprüfung von Ermessensgebrauch." integration 44, no. 3 (2021): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0720-5120-2021-3-220.

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In its judgment of 5 May 2020, the German Federal Constitutional Court (FCC) has held that the Public Sector Purchase Programme (PSPP) of the European Central Bank (ECB), which started in 2015, and the relevant decision of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) of 11 December 2018, holding that the programme is compatible with European Union (EU) law, are ultra vires acts. Indeed, this decision is based on a French understanding of discretion which has previously been adopted in the European Treaties and according to which discretion is controlled only for undue, illegal influence. Today, the Treaties have adopted a review of discretion under the aspects of suitability, necessity, and appropriateness. Moreover, criticism at the decision of the FCC neglects that the accession to and the membership in the EU have to observe the thresholds of the respective national constitution, as its violation is not and may not be expected by the Union or any other Member State. Ultra vires acts of the Union, which remain uncorrected by the Union itself, are subject to disapproval and rejection by the constitutional court of any Member State.

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7

Mayer, Franz C. "The Ultra Vires Ruling: Deconstructing the German Federal Constitutional Court’s PSPP decision of 5 May 2020." European Constitutional Law Review 16, no. 4 (December 2020): 733–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019620000371.

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8

Blutman, László. "Red Signal from Karlsruhe: Towards a New Equilibrium or New Level of Conflict?" Central European Journal of Comparative Law 1, no. 2 (December 9, 2020): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47078/2020.2.33-48.

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In its PSPP decision, the German Constitutional Court for the first time declared an EU act ultra vires. The decision resulted in a flood of studies, blog posts, and comments. Most criticised the verdict raising a series of objections. We agree with some objections. However, the present study approaches the judgment from the other side. It seeks to understand the situation of the constitutional courts of Member States in the EU legal system, to examine their main dilemmas in relation to EU law, and to explore their possibilities regarding their main task, which is the protection of constitutions. The study highlights the fundamental structural tension that currently characterises the EU legal system concerning Member States’ sovereignty and examines how a balance can be struck in addressing this tension.

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9

Haltern, Ulrich. "Revolutions, real contradictions, and the method of resolving them: The relationship between the Court of Justice of the European Union and the German Federal Constitutional Court." International Journal of Constitutional Law 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 208–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icon/moab016.

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Abstract The German Federal Constitutional Court’s (FCC) PSPP ruling has met with criticism of unprecedented fierceness: its doctrine, its politics, and its authors have been attacked and ridiculed. While I agree that the ruling has its weaknesses, I also believe that many reactions to it, including the commentary by Basedow et al., are flawed. They frame the PSPP ruling as an abrupt break in time―a revolutionary narrative of old and new, with the decision splitting history into before and after. This frame alters the meaning of what happened. It throws the FCC alone into the spotlight, keeps other actors and narratives connected with them in the shadow, places a huge burden of legitimacy on the FCC, and makes the ruling appear not merely as bad law, but as a political action in the guise of law. I argue that none of this does justice to the ruling or to the politics behind it. This begs the deeper question of why the ruling has elicited such Mosaic wrath. My answer is that courts read “their” political communities rather than merely legal texts―they link law to imaginations of self-government and popular sovereignty. In this social practice, the FCC operates at the thicker end of constitutionalism, with a surplus of authority, legitimacy, and, ultimately, political identity, as compared to the Court of Justice of the European Union, which labors at the thinner end of constitutionalism and must view the FCC, like many commentators do, as an idolater. This, rather than doctrine or politics, is where the “real contradiction” lies. There is no resolving this contradiction through law or institution-building. But the preliminary ruling procedure under Art. 267 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union does provide a form for it to move around and resolve itself.

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10

Bröhmer, Jürgen. "Economic Constitutionalism in the EU and Germany – The German Constitutional Court, the European Court of Justice and the European Central Bank between Law and Politics." Law and Development Review 12, no. 3 (October 25, 2019): 761–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2019-0043.

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Abstract The relationship between the European Union (EU) and its member states has recently been the subject of several legal proceedings in the German Federal Constitutional Court (GFCC) and the European Court of Justice. The backdrop to the underlying controversies were policies instituted by the European Central Bank (ECB) dealing with the economic and monetary situation in various member states in the context of the sovereign debt crises to influence interest rates, combat deflationary tendencies and keep inflation under but close to the ECB’s 2% inflation target. Especially so-called outright monetary transactions (OMTs) and the corresponding OMT-program and a particular high volume public sector asset purchasing program (PSPP) announced by the ECB have been controversially discussed. Legally, the controversies are about the prohibition for the ECB to finance debt held by the EU or member states (Article 123 TFEU) and about the delineation of economic policy (Article 119 et seq. TFEU), which lies in the hands of the members states, and monetary policy (Article 127 et seq. TFEU), which is exclusively in the hands of the ECB. The GFCC in its decisions propagated a restrictive approach emphasizing the role of the member states and pointing to the doctrines developed by it around ultra vires acts and so-called identity review. This paper attempts to shed some light on this controversy and argues that beyond the legal controversy lies a deeper problem of the relationship between judicial and political decision-making that the GFCC should exercise restraint in exercising its functions and remember its own doctrine of “open constitutional norms” developed in a different context but applicable here as well.

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11

Nadezda, Jankelova, Ded Marian, and Kovacik Branislav. "Management of the bio-waste processing in crisis conditions in the municipal sector." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 64, No. 1 (January 18, 2018): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/232/2016-agricecon.

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Management of the bio-waste processing is a complex issue, which has not yet been elaborated for the municipal administration. Its importance can be seen in the synergic links of three key areas: the crisis in the energy, the bio-waste and its processing as the most prospective opportunity of crisis solution, and the management in the form of tool for the final solution. The main aim of the scientific paper is based on the theoretical knowledge and study of trends in the field of the renewable energy sources to create a universal exemplary model of decision-making for mayors in the process of the bio-waste management in the municipal sector. The necessary data were obtained using the questionnaire form and the data processing was carried out in the statistical program PSPP method Chi-Square, T-test and correlation. The main finding is that the energy crisis is understood as a significant shortage of supply of energy sources to the economy. The results confirm that the utilization rate of the municipal bio-waste for energy purposes is very low. An exemplary model was divided into two main groups, communes and towns. For a more relevant animation, the communes and towns were divided into three sub-categories according to the population. Recommendations are made regarding the collection, processing and use of the bio-waste for each group. Two of the three set out hypotheses were confirmed.

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12

Basedow, Jürgen, Jan Dietze, Stefan Griller, Manuel Kellerbauer, Marcus Klamert, Luigi Malferrari, Tibor Scharf, Dominik Schnichels, Daniel Thym, and Jonathan Tomkin. "European integration: Quo vadis? A critical commentary on the PSPP judgment of the German Federal Constitutional Court of May 5, 2020." International Journal of Constitutional Law 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 188–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icon/moab017.

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Abstract In its judgment of May 5, 2020, the Second Senate of the German Constitutional Court qualified for the first time a judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)—C-493/17 Weiss—as “arbitrary from an objective perspective” and declared the underlying European Central Bank (ECB) decisions regarding the Public Sector Purchase Programme (PSPP) to be ultra vires. It requested the German Government and the German Parliament to take steps against the PSPP in its current form and to ensure that the ECB conducts a proportionality assessment of its PSPP. The judgment also prohibits the German Central Bank from participating, after a grace period of three months, in the implementation and execution of the ECB decisions at issue, unless the ECB assesses and substantiates that the measures provided for in its decisions satisfy the principle of proportionality. The present article, which was written by academics, lawyers, and civil servants from five countries, casts a critical eye on the judgment of the German Constitutional Court. It identifies significant shortcomings from both a German constitutional and a European Union perspective.

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13

Ceci, Stephen J., and Robert A. Bjork. "Psychological Science in the Public Interest: The Case for Juried Analyses." Psychological Science 11, no. 3 (May 2000): 177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00237.

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The inaugural issue of Psychological Science in the Public Interest (PSPI), a new publishing initiative by the American Psychological Society, accompanies this issue of Psychological Science. The report it contains, “Psychological Science Can Improve Diagnostic Decisions,” by John Swets, Robyn Dawes, and John Monahan, represents a careful effort by those authors to summarize the potential of modern psychological science to enhance real-world diagnostic decisions. Such decisions (Is a cancer present? Will this individual commit violence? Will an impending storm strike? Will this applicant succeed?) are prevalent and crucial to the lives of individuals and to the well-being of our society. Subsequent issues of PSPI will address other important topics of public interest in areas where psychological science may have the potential to inform and improve public policy. Each of those reports will also represent the efforts of a distinguished team of scientists to report the available evidence, and the implications of that evidence, fairly and comprehensively. In this article, we describe the goals, procedures, and potential of PSPI.

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14

Chatjoulis, Athena, and Patrick Humphreys. "A Problem Solving Process Model for Personal Decision Support (PSPM-DS)." Journal of Decision Systems 16, no. 2 (January 2007): 213–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/jds.16.213-239.

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15

Baláž, Vladimir, Allan M. Williams, and Elena Fifeková. "Migration Decision Making as Complex Choice: Eliciting Decision Weights Under Conditions of Imperfect and Complex Information Through Experimental Methods." Population, Space and Place 22, no. 1 (April 24, 2014): 36–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psp.1858.

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16

Sacchetti, Lucia, Dionigio Cerasuolo, Marco Besozzi, Antonio D'Agostino, Carlo Franzini, and Francesco Salvatore. "Comparison of seven serum assays on four automatic analysers." Journal of Automatic Chemistry 11, no. 3 (1989): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1463924689000271.

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Serum enzyme assays used on four different analysers (Hitachi 737, Hitachi 705, Cobas-bio and RA-2X) were compared by determining the activity of seven different enzymes (AST, ALT, LD, ALP, GGT, CK and AMS). Performance checks (quality control procedure) and replications (the study of the total analytic imprecision and of its components) were conducted and the methods were compared by linear regression analysis with statistical inference on the curves following the protocols of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS: PSEP- 2, PSEP-3, PSEP-4). The correlation coefficients between the methods (r = 0.991-0.999), together with the other statistical parameters, indicated that the methods are well correlated on all the instruments. The total imprecision was good for all analytes, except ALT. Among the instruments tested, the RA-2X gave more variable results, although the total imprecision was acceptable.There was no relevant carry-over effect. The evaluation of performance claims indicated that the expected error did not substantially affect the results at the level of clinical decisions.

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17

Studer, Bettina, Benjamin Scheibehenne, and Luke Clark. "Psychophysiological arousal and inter‐ and intraindividual differences in risk‐sensitive decision making." Psychophysiology 53, no. 6 (February 29, 2016): 940–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12627.

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18

Kimura, Kenta, and Jun'ichi Katayama. "Outcome evaluations in group decision making using the majority rule: An electrophysiological study." Psychophysiology 50, no. 9 (June 12, 2013): 848–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12068.

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19

Theleritis, Christos, Ioannis Evdokimidis, and Nikolaos Smyrnis. "Variability in the decision process leading to saccades: A specific marker for schizophrenia?" Psychophysiology 51, no. 4 (January 8, 2014): 327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12178.

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20

Spapé, Michiel M., Eve E. Hoggan, Giulio Jacucci, and Niklas Ravaja. "The meaning of the virtual Midas touch: An ERP study in economic decision making." Psychophysiology 52, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 378–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12361.

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21

Hundrieser, Manuela, and Jutta Stahl. "How attitude strength and information influence moral decision making: Evidence from event-related potentials." Psychophysiology 53, no. 5 (January 28, 2016): 678–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12599.

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22

Liu, Hong-Hsiang, Yin-Dir Hwang, Ming H. Hsieh, Yung-Fong Hsu, and Wen-Sung Lai. "Misfortune may be a blessing in disguise: Fairness perception and emotion modulate decision making." Psychophysiology 54, no. 8 (April 19, 2017): 1163–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12870.

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23

Agren, Thomas, Philip Millroth, Peter Andersson, Måns Ridzén, and Johannes Björkstrand. "Detailed analysis of skin conductance responses during a gambling task: Decision, anticipation, and outcomes." Psychophysiology 56, no. 6 (January 23, 2019): e13338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13338.

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24

Clark, William A. V., Ricardo Duque-Calvache, and Isabel Palomares-Linares. "Place Attachment and the Decision to Stay in the Neighbourhood." Population, Space and Place 23, no. 2 (November 25, 2015): e2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psp.2001.

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25

Bushin, Naomi. "Researching family migration decision-making: a children-in-families approach." Population, Space and Place 15, no. 5 (December 16, 2008): 429–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psp.522.

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26

Kóbor, Andrea, Ádám Takács, Karolina Janacsek, Dezső Németh, Ferenc Honbolygó, and Valéria Csépe. "Different strategies underlying uncertain decision making: Higher executive performance is associated with enhanced feedback-related negativity." Psychophysiology 52, no. 3 (September 16, 2014): 367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12331.

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27

Tandonnet, Christophe, Michael I. Garry, and Jeffery J. Summers. "Decision making and action implementation: Evidence for an early visually triggered motor activation specific to potential actions." Psychophysiology 50, no. 7 (May 16, 2013): 701–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12052.

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28

López Castillo, Antonio. "Del tránsito presidencial en la Sala 2.ª del TCFA y de su reflejo en la superación de su disparatada sentencia Weiss, de 5 de mayo de 2020." Revista Española de Derecho Constitucional, no. 122 (August 17, 2021): 333–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18042/cepc/redc.122.10.

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En la sentencia Weiss/PSPP la Sala 2.ª del TCFA ha llevado la aplicación del control de ultra vires al extremo, hasta entonces inédito, de desautorizar, por arbitraria e infundada, la interpretación prejudicial del TJUE y, con ello, su inaplicación al caso; mediante un ejercicio exorbitante de interpretación alternativa del DUE (su alternativa interpretación competencial del principio de proporcionalidad confiere a su decisión un tinte arbitrista) al que se anuda la prescripción de tareas a los órganos políticos (que mediatamente apelan a la propia UE), de hacer y de no hacer. La reacción ante tal desatención de la divisoria jurisdiccional ha llevado, de inmediato, a la Sala 2.ª, de presidencia entrante, a modular el sentido y alcance de su remanente jurisdicción de control (no solo) de ultra vires, soltando el lastre-Weiss, en la pretensión de recuperar la congruencia iuseuropea de su función como juez de la aplicabilidad del DUE y de recuperar su prestigio como referente.

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29

Perales, Francisco, and Sergi Vidal. "Occupational Characteristics, Occupational Sex Segregation, and Family Migration Decisions." Population, Space and Place 19, no. 5 (July 31, 2012): 487–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psp.1727.

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30

Hadar, Aviad A., Paula Rowe, Steven Di Costa, Alexander Jones, and Kielan Yarrow. "Motor-evoked potentials reveal a motor-cortical readout of evidence accumulation for sensorimotor decisions." Psychophysiology 53, no. 11 (August 16, 2016): 1721–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12737.

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31

Schmidt, Barbara, Hannah Kanis, Clay B. Holroyd, Wolfgang H. R. Miltner, and Johannes Hewig. "Anxious gambling: Anxiety is associated with higher frontal midline theta predicting less risky decisions." Psychophysiology 55, no. 10 (June 20, 2018): e13210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13210.

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32

Ebrahim, Mohamed A., Fady Wadie, and Mousa A. Abd-Allah. "A wide area fault detection algorithm for transmission networks equipped with series compensation units." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 8, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v8.i1.pp49-60.

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In this paper, a wide area back-up protection (WABP) algorithm is presented based on phasor measurement units (PMUs) measurements placed across the transmission network. The proposed algorithm computes a selected index named as positive sequence power index (PSPI) to detect faults in the network. Firstly, the network is subdivided into back-up protection zones. For each zone, the PSPI index is computed as absolute the value of the difference between the positive sequence sent and received phasor powers across the terminals of the zone. For each zone, the PSPI is compared to a predefined threshold to detect faults. One of the contributions in this paper is the usage of mathematical formulation to set the threshold values for each zone rather than experimental trials usually used in previous literature. In addition, the algorithm doesn’t depend iterative solutions nor line parameters of the network as usually used in WABP schemes. These advantages enhance the degree of confidence in decisions of the algorithm and reduces computational burdens to trivial amount. The presented algorithm (Level-1) could be enhanced into (level-2) if PMUs are available on all buses and in such case, the faulty line could be detected directly in a single step. WSCC 9-bus system and NE 39-bus systems were considered to accomplish this study. Severe cases for series compensated lines were taken into consideration including voltage or current inversion. Simulation results emphasis on algorithm’s robustness and adaptability.

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33

Baláž, Vladimír, and Allan M. Williams. "Migration decisions in the face of upheaval: An experimental approach." Population, Space and Place 24, no. 1 (November 6, 2017): e2115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psp.2115.

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34

Kessler, Luisa, Johannes Hewig, Karina Weichold, Rainer K. Silbereisen, and Wolfgang H. R. Miltner. "Feedback negativity and decision-making behavior in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) in adolescents is modulated by peer presence." Psychophysiology 54, no. 2 (October 26, 2016): 260–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12783.

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35

Petzold, Knut. "Mobility experience and mobility decision-making: An experiment on permanent migration and residential multilocality." Population, Space and Place 23, no. 8 (March 17, 2017): e2065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psp.2065.

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36

Mussel, Patrick, Johannes Hewig, John J. B. Allen, Michael G. H. Coles, and Wolfgang Miltner. "Smiling faces, sometimes they don't tell the truth: Facial expression in the ultimatum game impacts decision making and event-related potentials." Psychophysiology 51, no. 4 (February 24, 2014): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12184.

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37

Eimermann, Marco. "Lifestyle Migration to the North: Dutch Families and the Decision to Move to Rural Sweden." Population, Space and Place 21, no. 1 (July 16, 2013): 68–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psp.1807.

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38

Halfacree, Keith. "A utopian imagination in migration'sterra incognita? acknowledging the non-economic worlds of migration decision-making." Population, Space and Place 10, no. 3 (May 2004): 239–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psp.326.

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39

Baldwin, Scott A., Michael J. Larson, and Peter E. Clayson. "The dependability of electrophysiological measurements of performance monitoring in a clinical sample: A generalizability and decision analysis of the ERN and Pe." Psychophysiology 52, no. 6 (January 7, 2015): 790–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12401.

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40

Lenoël, Audrey. "The “three ages” of left-behind Moroccan wives: Status, decision-making power, and access to resources." Population, Space and Place 23, no. 8 (May 9, 2017): e2077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psp.2077.

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41

Clerge, Orly, Gabriela Sanchez-Soto, Jing Song, and Nancy Luke. "‘I Would Really Like to Go Where You Go’: Rethinking Migration Decision-Making Among Educated Tied Movers." Population, Space and Place 23, no. 2 (October 6, 2015): e1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psp.1990.

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42

Nowacki, Dariusz. "Cały ten zgiełk. O wczesnych reakcjach na uhonorowanie Olgi Tokarczuk Literacką Nagrodą Nobla." Postscriptum Polonistyczne 25, no. 1 (July 21, 2020): 91–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/ps_p.2020.25.07.

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The paper discusses selected reactions to the Nobel Prize for Literature awarded to Olga Tokarczuk. The author focuses on the dispute about the legitimacy and justification of the Swedish Academy’s decision, highlighting the sceptical opinions, in some cases challenging the Academy’s members’ verdict. Referring to a book by James F. English on cultural prizes, the author recalls the role of public controversies as an essential tool of influencing the general public. He also compares the situation of two winners of the Nobel Prize in Literature (Olga Tokarczuk – for 2018, Peter Handke – for 2019), announced on the same day. Concluding, the author seeks to present the most important aspects of the dispute on the position and influence of Tokarczuk’s literary output.

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KOZLOV, D. V. "Results of the strategic analysis of the variants of design decisions on elimination of consequences of the technical incident at the Zagorskaya PSPP-2." Prirodoobustrojstvo, no. 4 (2017): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/1997-6011-2017-4-39-46.

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Aradhya, Siddartha, Finn Hedefalk, Jonas Helgertz, and Kirk Scott. "Region of Origin: Settlement Decisions of Turkish and Iranian Immigrants in Sweden, 1968-2001." Population, Space and Place 23, no. 4 (May 10, 2016): e2031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psp.2031.

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Clark, William A. V., and William Lisowski. "Extending the human capital model of migration: The role of risk, place, and social capital in the migration decision." Population, Space and Place 25, no. 4 (January 3, 2019): e2225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psp.2225.

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Raddad, E., MR Melhem, JS Sloan-Lancaster, JW Miller, SA Van Wart, and CM Rubino. "Pharmacometric Analyses to Support Early Development Decisions for LY2878735: A Novel Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor." CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology 2, no. 8 (August 2013): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/psp.2013.43.

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Sengupta, Debarka, Vaibhav Singh, Seema Singh, Dinesh Tewari, Mudit Kapoor, Debabrata Ghosh, and Shivam Sharma. "Patient-Specific Predictive Antibiogram in Decision Support for Empiric Antibiotic Treatment." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s521—s522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.1205.

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Background: The rising trend of antibiotic resistance imposes a heavy burden on healthcare both clinically and economically (US$55 billion), with 23,000 estimated annual deaths in the United States as well as increased length of stay and morbidity. Machine-learning–based methods have, of late, been used for leveraging patient’s clinical history and demographic information to predict antimicrobial resistance. We developed a machine-learning model ensemble that maximizes the accuracy of such a drug-sensitivity versus resistivity classification system compared to the existing best-practice methods. Methods: We first performed a comprehensive analysis of the association between infecting bacterial species and patient factors, including patient demographics, comorbidities, and certain healthcare-specific features. We leveraged the predictable nature of these complex associations to infer patient-specific antibiotic sensitivities. Various base-learners, including k-NN (k-nearest neighbors) and gradient boosting machine (GBM), were used to train an ensemble model for confident prediction of antimicrobial susceptibilities. Base learner selection and model performance evaluation was performed carefully using a variety of standard metrics, namely accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and Cohen κ. Results: For validating the performance on MIMIC-III database harboring deidentified clinical data of 53,423 distinct patient admissions between 2001 and 2012, in the intensive care units (ICUs) of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts. From ~11,000 positive cultures, we used 4 major specimen types namely urine, sputum, blood, and pus swab for evaluation of the model performance. Figure 1 shows the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves obtained for bloodstream infection cases upon model building and prediction on 70:30 split of the data. We received area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.88, 0.92, 0.92, and 0.94 for urine, sputum, blood, and pus swab samples, respectively. Figure 2 shows the comparative performance of our proposed method as well as some off-the-shelf classification algorithms. Conclusions: Highly accurate, patient-specific predictive antibiogram (PSPA) data can aid clinicians significantly in antibiotic recommendation in ICU, thereby accelerating patient recovery and curbing antimicrobial resistance.Funding: This study was supported by Circle of Life Healthcare Pvt. Ltd.Disclosures: None

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Simon, Sven, and Hannes Rathke. "“Simply not comprehensible.” Why?" German Law Journal 21, no. 5 (July 2020): 950–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/glj.2020.65.

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AbstractThe German Federal Constitutional Court’s ruling of May 5, 2020 on the ECB’s Public Sector Purchase Programme (PSPP) stated, for the first time ever, that some decisions by European institutions are not covered by the competence allocations of the European Treaties and cannot therefore take effect in Germany. This article argues that the judgment came as no surprise, as it is consistent with the principle of conferral of powers. According to this principle the EU and its institutions can only act within the limits of their competences. The German Basic Law prohibits any transfer of sovereign rights whose exercise would confer sua sponte additional competences to the supranational level. Against this background, the Federal Constitutional Court judgment does not seek to limit the ECB’s scope for appraisal and evaluation in the exercise of its monetary policy mandate. It focuses rather on the conditions which legitimize the ECB’s leeway. The issue in this case is not the applicability of the proportionality principle as a criterion governing the delimitation of powers, but the different reference points for the assessment of proportionality. In this regard the CJEU had failed to discuss whether monetary policy and the effects on economic policy are proportionate by themselves. Hence, in constitutional terms, the CJEU’s interpretation was found to be “arbitrary”, since the German Constitutional Court defined arbitrariness as jurisprudence that “in a reasonable reading … [appears] unintelligible and clearly untenable.” In other words, it is “simply not comprehensible.” Despite the harsh words of the German Constitutional Court, the authors argue that the judgement in the end can help to create a European legal culture that will strengthen the European Union in the long term if, in future, the CJEU engages more constructively with criticisms from Member State courts.

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Airoldi, C., V. Martire, M. S. Gálvez Elkin, P. Girard Bosch, V. Duarte, S. Scarafia, F. Sommerfleck, et al. "POS0933 TREATMENT ACCESS AND ADHERENCE DURING SOCIAL PREVENTIVE AND MANDATORY ISOLATION IN ARGENTINIAN PATIENTS WITH SPONDYLARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 730.1–730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3147.

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Background:Access to high-cost treatments is especially limited in low-resource countries. This issue is becoming stronger today given the health and economic crisis caused by the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. There are no reports in our country on limitations to access and adherence to treatment in patients with Spondyloarthritis (SpA) during social preventive and mandatory isolation.Objectives:Evaluate access and adherence to treatment in patients with Spondyloarthritis during social preventive and mandatory isolation.Methods:Patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) radiological (r-axSpA), non-radiological (nr-axSpA) and peripheral spondyloarthritis (pSpA), according to ASAS criteria and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) according to CASPAR criteria, were included. Sociodemographic data, comorbidities, disease activity and treatments were collected at baseline. Data on treatment discontinuation, medical attention for suspected COVID-19 disease, RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection and outcome of COVID-19 disease were collected from April to September 2020. Numerical variables were summarized as means and standard deviations (SD) or as medians and interquartiles 25-75 (IQ 25-75).Results:320 patients were included, 55% were male, with a mean age of 50 years (SD 13), 21.6% had diagnosis of r-axSpA, 6.9% nr-axSpA, 6.9% pSpA, and 64.7% PsA. Disease duration was 11 (IQ 5-16) years and activity parameters were as follow: BASDAI 3.65 (SD 3), BASFI 3 (1.5-9), PASI 0.3 (0-7), BSA 0.2 (0-6). 14 (4.4%) patients with COVID-19 disease were reported, 10 were confirmed by positive RT-qPCR and 4 by symptoms and history of close contact with SARS patients. 4 (28.6%) received anti TNF (3 adalimumab, 1 certolizumab), 4 (28.6%) anti IL17 (3 secukinumab and 1 ixekizumab), 8 (57%) methotrexate (MTX) and 2 (14%) leflunomide (LF). Among the 320 patients included, 59 (18.4%) discontinued at least one treatment during follow-up. The discontinued medications were: adalimumab (16), MTX (15), secukinumab (9), etanercept (6), certolizumab(4), ustekinumab (3), NSAIDs (2), apremilast (1), golimumab (1), ixekuzumab (1), LF (1), MTX plus LF (1). The main reason for treatment discontinuation was drug shortage: 36 (62%), followed by patient’s decision: 12 (21%) and medical indication: 11 (17%). Of the 36 patients who discontinued due to shortage, 11 received adalimumab, 8 secukinumab, 5 MTX, 3 etanercept, 3 certolizumab, 3 ustekinumab, 2 NSAIDs and 1 golimumab.Conclusion:In our Argentinian cohort of patients with SpA, drug shortage was the main reason for treatment discontinuation. The SARS-CoV2 pandemic exposed limitations to access to treatment for patients with SpA.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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"Consequences on Consumption of Packaged Drinking Water." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8, no. 4S3 (December 31, 2019): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.d1090.1284s319.

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This empirical study was conducted to examine the consequences on consumption of packaged drinking water among the consumers residing in Chennai city. Descriptive and empirical research design was adopted to gather primary information from the packaged drinking water consumers by employing non-probability convenience sampling. The primary data collected were analysed with the help of various statistical tools through PSPP software in present study. The results indicate that consumers are often exposed to various health issues due to the consumption of packaged drinking water in their day-to-day life. Fitness and Safety, Aid & Supply, Usefulness and Economic factors are the major components significantly influencing the consumer perception towards purchase decision and consumption behavior. To conclude, public health department should take the actions by visit the packaged drinking water plant area and also check the quality of water. It should be prevented to avoid the duplicate sachets of water which causes more health diseases to regular consumers.

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