Academic literature on the topic 'Psychic gifts'

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Journal articles on the topic "Psychic gifts"

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Rieger, Hans-Martin. "Gesundheit als Kraft zum Menschsein." Zeitschrift für Evangelische Ethik 52, no. 3 (August 1, 2008): 183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14315/zee-2008-0305.

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Abstract What is health? This question figures prominently in several ethical, medicinal and (health-)psychological issues. Against this background the paper investigates the definition and the understanding of health in Karl Barth‘s dogmatics in its theological framework. The reconstruction provides a model of health, which allows treating contemporary issues, because it presents a dynamic and relational model with several dimensions, including the dimension of will. The will to health, though depending on somatic, psychic and social conditions, plays an important role in handling with diseases, in living with imperfections and in supporting healthy lifestyle and preventive measures. This will must be interpreted as the will and the power to be a human being with its gifts and limits
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Flores Jiménez, Alejandro. "La imaginación activa y las manifestaciones del Espíritu Santo en el Nuevo Testamento." Theoría. Revista del Colegio de Filosofía 34 (June 1, 2018): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ffyl.16656415p.2018.0.796.

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This paper aims to develop the thesis according to which both the psychic phenomena conceived as the manifestation of the active imagination by Carl Gustav Jung, and the manifestations and gifts of the Holy Spirit described in the New Testament, especially according to the Gospel of Pablo, are analogous phenomena whose enormous similarities authorize us to establish that both are diverse modes of manifestation of a same spiritual source that springs in the field of the human soul. To fulfill this objective, I use the amplificatio as a method, which, by searching for analogous or parallel phenomena, enriches the understanding of both, whether they are found in the texts or in the present experiences. In the present case, the assimilation of the active imagination to the Holy Spirit gives us light on the similar nature of both phenomena as phenomena of the soul.
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Setiawan, Wahyudi. "Reward and Punishment dalam Perspektif Pendidikan Islam." AL-MURABBI: Jurnal Studi Kependidikan dan Keislaman 4, no. 2 (December 24, 2017): 184–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.53627/jam.v4i2.3171.

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Realizing the nature of the purpose of education is our duty together. A variety of efforts in achieving the goal of education is carried out by all parties, ranging from models, devices, education/educators, and parents together. Reward and punishment is part of the model and strategy in education. A cornerstone in the application of reward and punishment found in the human psychic instincts will feel pleasure when accepting gifts and grieve while receiving punishment. In Islam, there are several verses of the Quran which explains about reward and punishment, and in the West, there is a psychological theory that explains the importance of reward and punishment. Reward aims to provide motivation and a new spirit for the children so that repetition of the conduct plus behaviour, while the punishment is given to give a deterrent effect to the child and deliver a message to other children so as not to do the violation of a rule.
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Aryanto, Aris, NFN Rochimansyah, Khabib Sholeh, and Herlina Setyowati. "SPIRITUALITAS DAN KEKUASAAN DALAM LAKON WAYANG ARJUNAWIWAHA KARYA KI NARTOSABDO: ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS MICHEL FOUCAULT." Widyaparwa 49, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/wdprw.v49i2.799.

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The Arjunawiwaha puppet play does not only convey discourse on Arjuna’s attempt to meditate on Mount Indrakila, but there is an ulterior motive behind it. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to describe the hidden motives contained in the Arjunawiwaha puppet play by Ki Nartosabdo. This research includes literary research in the form of qualitative descriptive with collection techniques, namely content analysis. Michel Foucault's theory of knowledge power discourse is applied in this study to see the implicit motives in the Arjunawiwaha story. In his hermitage, Arjuna received two divine gifts, first, the Pandavas would excel in the great war of Bharatayuda and the Pandavas would become rulers in the country of Astina; second, Arjuna received the gift of Batara Guru in the form of an arrow named Kyai Pasupati. The hidden motive in the Arjunawiwaha puppet play is due to the basic human psychic impulses that the researcher identifies as the motive for power hiding in the motive of spirituality. Arjuna's naivety who only asked for victory for the Pandavas had to be paid handsomely by the death of the Pandava children on the battlefield. Arjunawiwaha puppet plays can provide moral teaching on the importance of self-control in relation to the human ego or will.Lakon wayang Arjunawiwaha tidak sekadar menyampaikan wacana tentang usaha Arjuna melakukan tapa di Gunung Indrakila, tetapi ada motif tersembunyi dibaliknya. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan motif tersembunyi yang terdapat dalam lakon wayang Arjunawiwaha karya Ki Nartosabdo. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian sastra berbentuk kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data, yaitu kajian isi. Teori wacana kuasa pengetahuan Michel Foucault diterapkan dalam penelitian ini untuk melihat motif tersirat dalam cerita Arjunawiwaha. Dalam pertapaannya, Arjuna mendapat dua anugerah dewa, pertama, Pandawa akan unggul dalam perang besar Bharatayuda dan Para Pandawa akan menjadi penguasa di negara Astina; kedua, Arjuna mendapatkan anugerah Batara Guru berupa anak panah bernama Kyai Pasupati. Motif tersembunyi dalam lakon wayang Arjunawiwaha karena adanya dorongan dasar psikis manusia yang dapat ditengarai sebagai motif kekuasaan yang bersembunyi dalam motif spiritualitas. Kenaifan Arjuna yang hanya meminta kemenangan bagi Pandawa harus dibayar mahal dengan kematian anak-anak Pandawa di medan Perang. Lakon wayang Arjunawiwaha dapat memberikan pengajaran moral tentang pentingnya pengendalian diri kaitannya dengan ego atau kehendak manusia.
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Ciesielska, Ida. "Kompleks Wanga w Rupite jako sanktuarium religijne." Slavia Meridionalis 16 (October 21, 2016): 592–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sm.2016.028.

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Vanga complex in Rupite as a religious sanctuaryThe article addresses the Vanga complex that has been developed since 1994 in a Bul­garian village called Rupite. Due to its unique spatial arrangement as well as the ambiguity of the religious practises engaged at the complex, it at the same time effortlessly serves as an Orthodox, an esoteric and a folk sanctuary. The fact that its creators were influenced by the Marxist and esoteric system established in the twentieth century by Lyudmila Zhivkova as well as spatial categories of the centre and axis mundi, resulted in the occult tenor of this place. Simultaneously, mystification used by the originators together with ambivalent approach of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church towards syncretic religious phenomena, enabled St. Petka Church – constituting the axis of the complex being discussed – to become an official Orthodox church. Furthermore, the Rupite complex can justifiably be interpreted as an institutionalisa­tion of the cult of the local seer Vanga, dynamically developing in the south-west of Bulgaria. Binding psychic and healing spiritual gifts of Vanga with folk beliefs about St. Petka, made it possible to inscribe the seer into the paradigm of a Christian martyr and a prophetess. Moreover, it also allowed Vanga to enter the pantheon of saint healers, who are particularly popular in these areas. Kompleks Wanga w Rupite jako sanktuarium religijneTematem artykułu jest powstający od 1994 roku w bułgarskiej miejscowości Rupite – Kom­pleks Wanga. Dzięki swej wyjątkowości ,,przestrzennej” oraz niejednoznaczności wyzna­wanego kultu obiekt ten funkcjonuje jednocześnie jako sanktuarium prawosławne, ezo­teryczne oraz ludowe. Miejsce to zawdzięcza swój okultystyczny charakter odwołaniom jego twórców do marksistowsko-ezoterycznego systemu światopoglądowego, stworzonego w ubiegłym stuleciu przez Ludmiłę Żiwkową, oraz do przestrzennych kategorii centrum i axis mundi. Jednocześnie, dzięki zastosowanej przez pomysłodawców mistyfikacji oraz ambiwalentnej wobec synkretycznych zjawisk religijnych postawie Bułgarskiej Prawosław­nej Cerkwi, świątynia pw. św. Petki – stanowiąca oś omawianego kompleksu – stała się oficjalnie cerkwią prawosławną. Kompleks w Rupite ponadto interpretować można jako instytucjonalizację prężnie rozwijającego się w zachodnio-południowej Bułgarii kultu rodzi­mej jasnowidzki – Wangi. Powiązanie mediumicznych i leczniczych charyzmatów Wangi z ludowymi wyobrażeniami św. Petki pozwoliło na wpisanie jasnowidzki w paradygmat chrześcijańskiej męczennicy i prorokini oraz włączyło Wangę do panteonu – popularnych na tych terenach – tzw. świętych lekarzy.
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Simoglou, Vassiliki. "The Pain of Egg-Donation." Open Pain Journal 7, no. 1 (November 24, 2014): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876386301407010041.

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Contemporary body practices providing an answer to the subjects’ demand for assisted reproduction procedures, question the subjective experience of pain. The psychoanalytic approach of pain introduces the dimension of the unconscious in bodily experiences. Clinical field work and psychoanalytic psychotherapy with an infertile woman after failed egg-donation in vitro fertilization cycles, allows an understanding of psychic pain as analogous to somatic pain and considers the human body as a psychosomatic entity. In this case study, pain becomes a vector of subjectivation, allowing for the subject to negotiate acceptance of a gift impossible to receive.
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Li, Liping, and Aimei Li. "Evaluation of the Asymmetry of Preferences in Gifts: Characteristics, Psychological Mechanisms and Boundary Conditions." Psychology 10, no. 04 (2019): 539–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2019.104035.

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Düwell, Susanne. "Die schönen Künste als ‚Gesundheitsmittel‘ oder tödliches Gift. Empfindungsästhetik und Theaterkritik bei Sulzer und Rousseau." Studia Germanica Gedanensia 44 (October 12, 2021): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/sgg.2021.44.01.

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Der Beitrag untersucht die Verbindung von wirkungsasthetischen und theaterkritischen Diskursen. Begriffe wie Illusion oder Leidenschaft beschreiben in der zweiten Halfte des 18. Jahrhunderts sowohl Wirkungsziele einer anthropologischen Asthetik als auch Effekte, die als psychisch und sozial gefahrdend qualifiziert werden. Im Fokus steht die Thematisierung affektiver Wirkungen des Theaters bzw. der Kunst allgemein in ihrem heilsamen Potential durch Johann Georg Sulzer sowie die Theaterkritik Jean-Jacques Rousseaus, gegen die sich Sulzer dezidiert wendet. Ausgehend vom Konzept der ‚dunklen Vorstellungen‘ postuliert Sulzer, dass nur starke Empfindungen, nicht aber die Vernunft den Menschen sittlich und seelisch beeinflussen konnen. Vielmehr liefern extreme oder pathologische seelische Zustande ein Modell fur Kunstproduktion und -wirkung.
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Shildrick, Margrit. "Imagining the Heart: Incorporations, Intrusions and Identity." Somatechnics 2, no. 2 (September 2012): 233–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/soma.2012.0059.

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Surgical intervention into human corporeality relies on the Cartesian machine model of the body to justify such radical intrusion as the properly reasoned and informed actions and choices of essentially disembodied sovereign subjects. Both the surgical subject and the surgical team are engaged in a form of heroic, albeit supremely functional, medicine in which questions of self, embodiment, and intercorporeality are put to one side. This is especially evident in the field of heart transplantation. Nonetheless, of all the non-visible parts of the body, it is the heart that has been most clearly at the centre of both imagery and imagination in western culture. What is striking is the degree to which the heart is represented not as a merely functional part of the body that might be exchanged at will, but as an organ of immense personal significance. In socio-cultural terms the heart stands in for a range of inherently human attributes such as love, empathy, fear, guilt and so on that are at the core of selfhood. And as my current research on transplantation shows, both recipients and donors are troubled by not so much by biomedical risk, as by issues of identity and the vexed relation between self and other. How then does this cultural and personal understanding line up with the biomedical need to represent the organ as a mere pump, as an exchangeable depersonalised mass that can unproblematically take its place in ‘spare part surgery’? I shall review some contemporary representations of heart donation and transplantation that both re-enforce the supposed utility of the process while at the same time sliding away into the realm of psychic significance where the heart is figured as the gift of life. What are the implications for recipients of receiving such a gift that in the most substantive way crosses the boundary between self and other in a mode that leaves the categorical identity of both open to doubt. How can we reimagine the problematic in ways that would leave behind intimations of intrusion and acknowledge intercorporeality as a positive and desirable outcome?
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Kanduč, Zoran. "Duša, njene (stran)poti, družbeno nadzorstvo in kapitalizem." Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci 38, no. 3 (2017): 985–1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30925/zpfsr.38.3.3.

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The article deals initially with the relationship between the body and the soul or rather mental phenomena, for the soul as a metaphysical entity does not exist in objective and subjective world (what does exist is the concrete, continually changing stream of subjective experiences being something that is the most real for every person, although modern science still cannot explain how our consciousness emerges from the brain and what are its biological functions). Moreover, the existence of eternal, individual, immortal soul cannot be explained with the Darwinian theory of evolution. The soul, as the exclusive gift given to the humans by the God, exists only in the religious perspective, i.e. as „solely“ intersubjective, in the collective imagination and communication established and reproduced reality, still influencing thoughts and actions of considerable number of people (not only believers). Results of contemporary life sciences shake and tear up also the belief in free will and existence of one single, individual, authentic (or „true“) self which is in the perspective of liberal humanism (as dominant ideology) the most important source of meaning, economic decisions, and moral, political and legal judgements. The central part of the article deals with various cultural „constructions“ of human mind and their influence on the organisation of social control, execution of power, and justifications of hierarchies (that are at first almost always imagined, but in the course of time they become more and more empirical and ossified: just as sinister self-fulfilling prophecies existing until they are not questioned by the political struggles of supposedly inferior, exploited, and oppressed human beings, that is by successful rebellions that are surprisingly quite rare historical events). In that regard, we pay special attention to various meanings of the emotionally much burdened word „freedom“ (or „liberty“). The final part of the article focuses on troubled, disturbed, pathological and normal mental phenomena, particularly in connection with violent behaviour and coping with the „all too human“ problem of divers forms of suffering, as (probably not abolishable) sorrow being not just the effect of some sort of bad luck, evil destiny or bad constellation of stars and planets, but of the bare fact that you are alive and as a subject captured in the live organism and its natural urges, needs and mechanisms. What is more, these inevitable sources of human suffering are accompanied by socially, culturally and interpersonally generated woe. Boldly put: human existence equals psychic troubles. Nowadays, people try to „solve“ this hard problem mainly by means of commercial (consumer) goods and services (that promise much desired experience of pleasant feelings and eo ipso happiness), and by medical and (legal and illegal) drugs that directly change biochemical system of individuals. Yet, that has considerable effects on crime. Namely, most criminal behaviour is directly or indirectly connected to the human aspiration after happiness, i.e. striving after pleasant feelings and intolerance to unpleasant ones.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Psychic gifts"

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Hodgen, Jacob Michael. ""Boot Camp for the Psyche" : inoculative nonfiction and pre-memory structures as preemptive trauma mediation in fiction and film /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2506.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Psychic gifts"

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The everyday psychic: A practical guide to activating your psychic gifts. San Francisco, CA: Weiser Books, 2012.

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Ltd, Poolbeg Press, ed. Crystal balls. Dublin, Ireland: Poolbeg Press Ltd., 2011.

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Mandelbaum, Yitta Halberstam. Small miracles II: Heartwarming gifts of extraordinary coincidences. Holbrook, Mass: Adams Media Corp., 1998.

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BelindaGrace. You are clairvoyant: Simple ways to develop your psychic gifts. Woodbury, MN: Llewellyn Publications, 2011.

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Gifts of the gods?: Are UFOs alien visitorsor psychic phenomena? London: Virgin Books, 1994.

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Browne, Sylvia. Psychic children: Revealing the intuitive gifts and hidden abilities of boys and girls. New York, N.Y: Dutton, 2007.

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Lindsay, Harrison, ed. Psychic children: Revealing the intuitive gifts and hidden abilities of boys and girls. New York, N.Y: Dutton, 2007.

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Katz, Ginny. Gifts of the gemstone guardians: The mission, purpose, effects, and therapeutic applications of gemstones in their spherical form. Gresham, Or., USA: Golden Age Pub., 1989.

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Rosalyn, Chissick, ed. Mia's world: An extraordinary gift, an unforgettable journey. London: HarperElement, 2005.

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Gifts of the gemstone guardians: The mission, purpose, effects, and therapeutic applications of gemstones in their spherical form. 2nd ed. Portland, Or: Golden Age Institute, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Psychic gifts"

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Campbell, Matthew. "The Gift of George Yeats." In Letter Writing Among Poets. Edinburgh University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748681327.003.0010.

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Much scholarship has been devoted to the extraordinary experience of W.B. Yeats and his wife George on their honeymoon, when she acted as medium for the writing dictated by the spirits who came, they told Yeats, ‘to give you metaphors for poetry.’ Much has been made of Yeats’s adoption of the revealed symbolic system as it emerged into his subsequent poetry. And much has also been said about the sexual politics of the relationship between Yeats and George and the other women in his life, like Maud Gonne or Lady Gregory and their various functions from muse to patron. This chapter thinks again about these writers as correspondents with the poetry, as historical persons, amatory fantasies, spiritual personae and psychic practitioners. It focuses on George, though, and gives another version of Yeats the collaborator, the poet of correspondences: ‘Where got I that truth?’, the two-part lyric ‘Fragments’ asks: ‘Out of a medium’s mouth’ is the answer.
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Rashid, Tayyab, and Martin Seligman. "Session Fourteen: Altruism." In Positive Psychotherapy, 99–103. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190920241.003.0015.

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Altruism is helping others without being asked for it and without any financial reimbursement. In positive psychotherapy (PPT), meaning entails using one’s signature strengths to belong to and serve something that one believes is bigger than the self. One wants to make a life that matters to the world and create a difference for the better. The psychological benefits of altruism are significant. In Session Fourteen, clients learn how being altruistic helps both themselves and others. The central PPT practice covered in this session is the Gift of Time. The chapter provides a list of readings, videos, and websites that relate to the Gift of Time and offers a worksheet to practice the concepts learned in the chapter. The chapter also includes real-life case studies that illustrate giving the gift of time.
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Rashid, Tayyab, and Martin Seligman. "Session Fourteen: Altruism." In Positive Psychotherapy, edited by Tayyab Rashid and Martin Seligman, 230–37. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780195325386.003.0020.

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Altruism is benefitting others, at one’s own will, without being asked for it and without any financial reimbursement. In positive psychotherapy (PPT), meaning entails using one’s signature strengths to belong to and serve something that one believes is bigger than the self. One wants to make a life that matters to the world and create a difference for the better. The psychological benefits of altruism are significant. In Session Fourteen, clients learn how being altruistic helps both themselves and others. The central PPT practice covered in this session is the Gift of Time.
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Rashid, Tayyab, and Martin Seligman. "Session Six: Forgiveness." In Positive Psychotherapy, edited by Tayyab Rashid and Martin Seligman, 147–58. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780195325386.003.0012.

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Session Six teaches that forgiveness is a process for change rather than an event. This session explains what forgiveness is and what it is not. The central positive psychotherapy practices covered in this session are writing a Forgiveness Letter and REACH, which is an approach to forgiveness, as follows: Step One: R = Recall an event; Step Two: E = Empathize from the perpetrator’s point of view; Step Three: A = Altruistic gift of forgiveness; Step Four: C = Commit yourself to forgive publicly; and Step Five: H = Hold onto forgiveness. The chapter includes two related worksheets for clients to complete.
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Rashid, Tayyab, and Martin Seligman. "Session Six: Forgiveness." In Positive Psychotherapy, 48–54. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190920241.003.0007.

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Session Six teaches clients that forgiveness is a process for change rather than an event. This session explains what forgiveness is and what it is not. The central positive psychotherapy (PPT) practices covered in this session are writing a Forgiveness Letter and REACH, which is an approach to forgiveness, as follows: Step One: R = Recall an event; Step Two: E = Empathize from the perpetrator’s point of view; Step Three: A = Altruistic gift of forgiveness; Step Four: C = Commit yourself to forgive publicly; and Step Five: H = Hold onto forgiveness. The chapter provides a list of readings, videos, and websites that relate to forgiveness and offers two worksheets to practice the concepts learned in the chapter. The chapter also includes a real-life case study about forgiveness.
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S., Manjubasini, and Sulagna Mohanty. "Representation of Beggars in Tamil Cinema." In Handbook of Research on Social and Cultural Dynamics in Indian Cinema, 64–74. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3511-0.ch006.

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Begging, the practice of imploring others to grant a favour, a gift of money, with little or no expectation of reciprocation, has been prevalent since before the dawn of recorded history. It has been regarded with high esteem in ancient India, the profession of begging considered as an intricate societal concern in the present-day scenario. Religious understanding of people has its contribution to the acuteness of this complex problem. However, it is interesting to observe that with the evolution of society, the mendicants have moved from their traditional methods while adopting modern approaches for begging. As intricate research conducted in the impending theme, this chapter aims to expand the panorama and investigate the psycho-socio exploration of beggars reference to select Tamil films Pichaikaran and Naan Kadavul. It also carries out an extensive study in Coimbatore and Tirupur districts of Tamil Nadu. Furthermore, this research endeavours to scrutinise the comparison and differentiation of the beggars' narratives of survival in their reel and real lives.
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"clash between the beauty-loving Renaissance and the he [Spenser] was quickly swept overboard because of moral Reformation. In the light of the medieval reli-his inability to write like Donne, Eliot, and Allen gious tradition examined by Tuve, Guyon destroys Tate’ (1968:2). His extended interpretation of Book the Bower because he ‘looks at the kind of complete II, The Allegorical Temper (1957), followed by essays seduction which means the final death of the soul’ on the other books, traces the changing psycholo-(31). gical or psychic development of the poem’s major If the New Critics of the 1930s to the early 1950s characters by ‘reading the poem as a poem’ (9) rather had been interested in Spenser (few were), they than as a historical document. My own book, The would not have considered his intention in writing Structure of Allegory in ‘The Faerie Queene’ (1961a), The Faerie Queene because that topic had been dis-which I regard now as the work of a historical critic missed as a fallacy. For Wimsatt and Beardsley partly rehabilitated by myth and archetypal criticism, 1954:5 (first proclaimed in 1946), ‘The poem is not examines the poem’s structure through its patterns the critic’s own and not the author’s (it is detached of imagery, an interest shared with Alastair Fowler, from the author at birth and goes about the world Spenser and the Numbers of Time (1964), and by beyond his power to intend about it or control it)’. Kathleen Williams, Spenser’s ‘Faerie Queene’: The So much for any poet’s intention, conscious or World of Glass (1966). unconscious, realized or not. Not that it would have In any history of modern Spenser criticism – for a mattered much, for the arbiter of taste at that time, general account, see Hadfield 1996b – Berger may T.S. Eliot, had asked rhetorically: ‘who, except schol-serve as a key transitional figure. In a retrospective ars, and except the eccentric few who are born with glance at his essays on Spenser written from 1958 to a sympathy for such work, or others who have delib-1987, he acknowledges that ‘I still consider myself erately studied themselves into the right apprecia-a New Critic, even an old-fashioned one’ who tion, can now read through the whole of The Faerie has been ‘reconstructed’ by New Historicism Queene with delight?’ (1932:443). In Two Letters, (1989:208). In Berger 1988:453–56, he offers a per-Spenser acknowledges that the gods had given him sonal account of his change, admitting that as a New the gift to delight but never to be useful (Dii mihi, Critic he had been interested ‘in exploring complex dulce diu dederant: verùm vtile numquam), though representations of ethico-psychological patterns’ he wishes they had; and, in the Letter to Raleigh, he apart from ‘the institutional structures and discourses recognizes that the general end of his poem could be that give them historical specificity’. Even so, he had achieved only through fiction, which ‘the most part allowed that earlier historical study, which had been of men delight to read, rather for variety of matter, concerned with ‘historical specificity’, was ‘solid and then for profite of the ensample’ (10). As a conse-important’. For the New Historicist Louis Adrian quence, he addresses his readers not by teaching them Montrose, however, earlier historical scholarship didactically but rather through delight. It follows that ‘merely impoverished the text’ (Berger 1988:8), and if his poem does not delight, it remains a closed book. he is almost as harsh towards Berger himself, com-Several critics who first flourished in the 1950s and plaining that his writings ‘have tended to avoid direct 1960s responded initially to Spenser’s words and confrontations of sociopolitical issues’, though he imagery rather than to his ideas, thought, or histor-blames ‘the absence of a historically specific socio-ical context. One is Donald Cheney, who, in Spenser’s political dimension’ on the time they were written – Image of Nature (1966), read The Faerie Queene a time when ‘the sociopolitical study of Spenser was ‘under the intensive scrutiny which has been applied epitomized by the pursuit of topical identifications or in recent decades to metaphysical lyrics’, seeking the cataloguing of commonplaces’ (7). In contrast, out ‘ironic, discordant impulses’, ‘rapidly shifting the New Historicism, of which he is the most elo-allusions’, and the poet’s ‘constant insistence upon quent theorist, sees a work embedded – i.e. intrins-the ambiguity of his images’ (7, 17, 20). Another is ically, inextricably fixed – not in history generally, Paul Alpers, whose The Poetry of ‘The Faerie Queene’ and certainly not in ‘cosmic politics’ that Thomas (1967) demonstrated that individual stanzas of the Greene 1963:406 claims to be the concern of all epics, poem may be subjected to very intense scrutiny. A but in a historically specific sociopolitical context. third, the most influential of all, is Harry Berger, Jr, (For further comments on their clash, see Hamilton." In Spenser: The Faerie Queene, 25. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315834696-23.

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