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Augurzky, Petra. "Attaching relative clauses in German : the role of implicit and explicit prosody in sentence processing /." Leipzig : MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015683075&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Becker, Tabea. "Kinder lernen erzählen : zur Entwicklung der narrativen Fähigkeiten von Kindern unter Berücksichtigung der Erzählform /." Baltmannsweiler : Schneider-Verl. Hohengehren, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014920880&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Schimke, Sarah. "Les fautes d'accord en nombre entre le sujet et le verbe en français et e allemand." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11611902.
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Patterson, Clare. "The role of structural and discourse-level cues during pronoun resolution." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/7128/.
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Pronoun resolution normally takes place without conscious effort or awareness, yet the processes behind it are far from straightforward. A large number of cues and constraints have previously been recognised as playing a role in the identification and integration of potential antecedents, yet there is considerable debate over how these operate within the resolution process. The aim of this thesis is to investigate how the parser handles multiple antecedents in order to understand more about how certain information sources play a role during pronoun resolution. I consider how both structural information and information provided by the prior discourse is used during online processing. This is investigated through several eye tracking during reading experiments that are complemented by a number of offline questionnaire experiments.
I begin by considering how condition B of the Binding Theory (Chomsky 1981; 1986) has been captured in pronoun processing models; some researchers have claimed that processing is faithful to syntactic constraints from the beginning of the search (e.g. Nicol and Swinney 1989), while others have claimed that potential antecedents which are ruled out on structural grounds nonetheless affect processing, because the parser must also pay attention to a potential antecedent’s features (e.g. Badecker and Straub 2002). My experimental findings demonstrate that the parser is sensitive to the subtle changes in syntactic configuration which either allow or disallow pronoun reference to a local antecedent, and indicate that the parser is normally faithful to condition B at all stages of processing. Secondly, I test the Primitives of Binding hypothesis proposed by Koornneef (2008) based on work by Reuland (2001), which is a modular approach to pronoun resolution in which variable binding (a semantic relationship between pronoun and antecedent) takes place before coreference. I demonstrate that a variable-binding (VB) antecedent is not systematically considered earlier than a coreference (CR) antecedent online. I then go on to explore whether these findings could be attributed to the linear order of the antecedents, and uncover a robust recency preference both online and offline. I consider what role the factor of recency plays in pronoun resolution and how it can be reconciled with the first-mention advantage (Gernsbacher and Hargreaves 1988; Arnold 2001; Arnold et al., 2007). Finally, I investigate how aspects of the prior discourse affect pronoun resolution. Prior discourse status clearly had an effect on pronoun resolution, but an antecedent’s appearance in the previous context was not always facilitative; I propose that this is due to the number of topic switches that a reader must make, leading to a lack of discourse coherence which has a detrimental effect on pronoun resolution.
The sensitivity of the parser to structural cues does not entail that cue types can be easily separated into distinct sequential stages, and I therefore propose that the parser is structurally sensitive but not modular. Aspects of pronoun resolution can be captured within a parallel constraints model of pronoun resolution, however, such a model should be sensitive to the activation of potential antecedents based on discourse factors, and structural cues should be strongly weighted.Pronomenauflösung erfolgt normalerweise scheinbar mühelos und ohne bewusste Anstrengung. Jedoch ist die Verarbeitung von pronominalen Referenzen aus linguistischer Sicht ein hochkomplexer Prozess. Durch unterschiedliche wissenschaftliche Studien wurden bereits zahlreiche Faktoren ermittelt, die bei der Pronomenauflösung eine Rolle spielen, allerdings herrscht weitgehend noch keine Einigkeit darüber, wie genau diese Faktoren die Verarbeitung von Pronomen beeinflussen. Ziel dieser Dissertation ist es zu untersuchen, wie der Leser/Hörer mit Pronomen umgeht, denen mehrere Antezedenten zugeordnet werden können, um zu verstehen, welche Rolle bestimmte Informationsquellen in der Verarbeitung von Pronomen spielen. Besondere Beachtung findet dabei, wie strukturelle Eigenschaften sowie Informationen aus dem vorangegangenen Diskurs für die Suche nach einem passenden Antezedenten benutzt werden. Die angewandte Untersuchungsmethode der vorliegenden Dissertation ist Eye-tracking during reading, ergänzt mit verschiedenen offline-Fragebögen. Die Experimente erforschen die Rolle der folgenden Aspekte in der Verarbeitung von Pronomen: Prinzip B der Bindungstheorie (Chomsky 1981; 1986), Koreferenz und Variablenbindung laut der Primitives of Binding Hypothese (Reuland 2001, Koornneef 2008), Antezedentenreihenfolge im Satz, und Diskursstatus des Antezedents. Obwohl es zeigt sich, dass der Hörer/Leser sensibel für subtile Veränderungen in der syntaktischen Konfiguration ist, wie z.B. für die Reihenfolge der Antezedenten im Satz und für den Diskursstatus des Antezedenten, gibt es keinen Nachweis dafür, dass Variablenbindung zeitlich vor Koreferenz erfolgt. Einige Aspekte der Auflösung pronominaler Referenzen können in einem parallel constraints model erfasst werden, allerdings sollte so ein Modell strukturelle Informationen stark gewichten und sensitiv sein für die Aktivierung potenzieller Antezedenten aufgrund von Diskursfaktoren.
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Köster, Dirk. "Morphology and spoken word comprehension : electrophysiological investigations of internal compound structure /." Leipzig ; München : MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 2004. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013183589&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Berkum, Johannes Josephus Augustinus van. "The psycholinguistics of grammatical gender : studies in language comprehension and production /." Nijmegen : Max Planck Instituut voor Psycholinguïstiek, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37535829z.
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Özdil, Erkan. "Codeswitching im zweisprachigen Handeln sprachpsychologische Aspekte verbalen Planens in türkisch-deutscher Kommunikation." Münster New York München Berlin Waxmann, 2009. http://d-nb.info/999920332/04.
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Forsberg, Fanny. "Le langage préfabriqué formes, fonctions et fréquences en français parlé L2 et L1." Oxford Bern Berlin Bruxelles Frankfurt, M. New York, NY Wien Lang, 2006. http://d-nb.info/990413144/04.
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Jescheniak, Jörg D. "Sprachproduktion : der Zugriff auf das lexikale Gedächtnis beim Sprechen /." Göttingen [u.a.] : Hogrefe, Verl. für Psychologie, 2002. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/340884029.pdf.
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Jedynak, Małgorzata. "Critical period hypothesis revisited the impact of age on ultimate attainment in the pronunciation of a foreign language." Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2009. http://d-nb.info/992818036/04.
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Pagonis, Giulio. "Kritische Periode oder altersspezifischer Antrieb was erklärt den Altersfaktor im Zweitspracherwerb? ; eine empirische Fallstudie zum ungesteuerten Zweitspracherwerb des Deutschen durch russische Lerner unterschiedlichen Alters." Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2007. http://d-nb.info/991682696/04.
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Winter-Heider, Christiane E. "Mutterland Wort Sprache, Spracherwerb und Identität vor dem Hintergrund von Entwurzelung." Frankfurt, M. Brandes & Apsel, 2007. http://d-nb.info/991683188/04.
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Trompelt, Helena. "Production of regular and non-regular verbs : evidence for a lexical entry complexity account." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4212/.
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The incredible productivity and creativity of language depends on two fundamental resources: a mental lexicon and a mental grammar. Rules of grammar enable us to produce and understand complex phrases we have not encountered before and at the same time constrain the computation of complex expressions. The concepts of the mental lexicon and mental grammar have been thoroughly tested by comparing the use of regular versus non-regular word forms. Regular verbs (e.g. walk-walked) are computed using a suffixation rule in a neural system for grammatical processing; non-regular verbs (run-ran) are retrieved from associative memory. The role of regularity has only been explored for the past tense, where regularity is overtly visible.
To explore the representation and encoding of regularity as well as the inflectional processes involved in the production of regular and non-regular verbs, this dissertation investigated three groups of German verbs: regular, irregular and hybrid verbs. Hybrid verbs in German have completely regular conjugation in the present tense and irregular conjugation in the past tense. Articulation latencies were measured while participants named pictures of actions, producing the 3rd person singular of regular, hybrid, and irregular verbs in present and past tense. Studying the production of German verbs in past and present tense, this dissertation explored the complexity of lexical entries as a decisive factor in the production of verbs.Regularität spielt eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Produktion von Verben. Zweiroutenmodelle nehmen an, dass regelmäßige Formen aus Stamm und Suffixen zusammengesetzt werden und unregelmäßige Verben als ganze Form im mentalen Lexikon gespeichert sind. Ziel der Dissertation war eine ausführliche Untersuchung der Repräsentation von regelmäßigen und unregelmäßigen Verben im Deutschen sowie der morphologischen Prozesse bei ihrer Produktion. Dazu wurden drei Typen von Verben im Deutschen untersucht: Regelmäßige Verben (z.B. lachen) haben nur einen Stamm, irreguläre Verben (z.B. graben) haben mehrere Stämme und ihre Formen sind daher unvorhersagbar. Hybride Verben (z.B. singen) haben regelmäßige Formen im Präsens und unregelmäßige, unvorhersagbare im Präteritum. Besondere Berücksichtigung fand daher das Tempus bei der Generierung von Verben. Artikulationszeiten in einer Serie von Bild-Wort-Interferenzexperimenten lassen vermuten, dass Regularität nicht durch abstrakte generische Knoten repräsentiert ist wie es z.B. für Genus angenommen wird. Die Artikulationszeiten von allen drei Typen von Verben in einem weiteren Bildbenennungsexperiment haben gezeigt, dass Regularität eine Eigenschaft des gesamten Lexikoneintrags eines Verbs ist und nicht von individuellen Wortformen. Die präsentierten Daten sind eine Herausforderung für das Zweiroutenmodell (Pinker, 1999), sie sind jedoch mit einem Ansatz vereinbar, der komplexe Lexikoneinträge für unregelmäßige Verben annimmt.
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Rodríguez, Ronderos Camilo. "The Processing of Non-nominal Metaphors." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22503.
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Zwei Theorien über die Verarbeitung von Metaphern postulieren die Beteiligung unterschiedlicher kognitiven. Die erste, die „Implicit Comparison View“, behauptet, dass Metaphern durch einen Prozess des analogen Denkens verstanden werden (z. B. Gentner et al., 2001; Gentner & Bowdle, 2008). Eine zweite Ansicht, die „Category Inclusion View“, sieht das Verstehen einer Metapher als einen Prozess, bei dem die lexikalische Bedeutung des metaphorischen Vehikels spontan moduliert wird, um eine ad-hoc, zielorientierte Kategorie zu schaffen (z. B. Glücksberg, 2008; Sperber & Wilson, 2008).
Obwohl es eine große Anzahl an Experiment gibt, die die Vorhersagen dieser beiden Theorien testen (z. B. Bowdle & Gentner, 2005; Gernsbacher et al., 2001; Jones & Estes, 2005; Jones & Estes, 2006; McGlone & Manfredi, 2001; Wolff & Gentner, 2011) ist es bis jetzt nicht möglich gewesen, das Problem der Metaphernverarbeitung zu lösen zugunsten einer der beiden Theorien. Diese Dissertation versucht genau das zu tun, indem die Verarbeitung von zwei Arten deutscher nicht-nominaler Metaphern untersucht werden: verbale Metaphern und Verb-Objekt-Metaphern. Dies wurde gemacht durch eine Untersuchung der Rolle des Kontexts während der Verarbeitung von nicht-nominalen Metaphern. Dabei wurde auf die Literatur zur situierten und inkrementellen Sprachverarbeitung zurückgegriffen (siehe Huettig et al., 2011; Huettig et al., 2012; Kamide, 2008; Knoeferle & Guerra, 2016).
Insgesamt die Ergebnisse von 14 verschiedenen Experimeten als besser zu vereinbaren mit der „Category Inclusion View“ als mit der „Implicit Comparison View“.Two main sets of theories of metaphor comprehension posit the involvement of different cognitive mechanisms. The first one, the Implicit Comparison View, claims that metaphors are understood through a process of analogical reasoning in which the elements of a metaphoric expression (in the example above my cat, which is known as the ‘topic’ and princess, which is known as the ‘vehicle’) are scanned for relational similarities (e.g. Gentner et al., 2001; Gentner & Bowdle, 2008). A second view, the Category Inclusion View, sees metaphor comprehension as a process in which the lexical meaning of the metaphoric vehicle is spontaneously changed to represent a newly created, goal-oriented category (e.g. Glucksberg, 2008; Sperber & Wilson, 2008). Despite there being a large body of experimental data testing the predictions made by these theories (e.g. Bowdle & Gentner, 2005; Gernsbacher et al., 2001; Jones & Estes, 2005; Jones & Estes, 2006; McGlone & Manfredi, 2001; Wolff & Gentner, 2011), it has not been possible to settle this debate and tip the scale in favor of one or the other view. This dissertation attempts to do just that by examining the processing of two types of German non-nominal metaphors: Verbal metaphors and verb-object metaphors. This was done by investigating the role of context during metaphor comprehension in order to further specify the available theories, and, more generally, by drawing on the literature on situated and incremental language processing (see Huettig et al., 2011; Huettig et al., 2012; Kamide, 2008; Knoeferle & Guerra, 2016, for reviews). Overall the results of 14 experiments are interpreted as being more consistent with the Category Inclusion View than with the Indirect Comparison View.
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Vorwerg, Constanze. "Raumrelationen in Wahrnehmung und Sprache : Kategorisierungsprozesse bei der Benennung visueller Richtungsrelationen /." Wiesbaden : Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2001. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009577964&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Leising, Daniel, Joachim Scharloth, Oliver Lohse, and Dustin Wood. "What Types of Terms Do People Use When Describing an Individual’s Personality?" Sage, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35383.
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An important yet untested assumption within personality psychology is that more important person characteristics are more densely reflected in language. We investigated how ratings of importance and other term properties are associated with one another and with a term’s frequency of use. Research participants were asked to provide terms that described individuals they knew, which resulted in a set of 624 adjectives. These terms were independently rated for importance, social desirability, observability, stateness versus traitness, level of abstraction, and base rate. Terms rated as describing more important person characteristics were in fact used more often by the participants in the sample and in a large corpus of online communications (close to 500 million words). More frequently used terms and more positive terms were also rated as being more abstract, more traitlike, and more widely applicable (i.e., having a greater base rate). We discuss the implications of these findings with regard to person perception in general.
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Wörrlein, Marion. "Der Simultandolmetschprozess : Eine empirische Untersuchung." München Meidenbauer, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2950775&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.
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Roth, Rainer. "Verarbeitung von personbeschreibenden Texten : Auswirkungen von online vs. gedächtnisbasierter Urteilsbildung auf Informationsverarbeitung und Gedächtnis /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2006. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/3-8300-2330-8.htm.
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Junker, Martina. "Der verflixte Akkusativ : Altersunterschiede und Altersinvarianz beim Verstehen von Sätzen mit unterschiedlich komplexer syntaktischer Struktur." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2005/378/.
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In dieser Arbeit wird in mehreren Experimenten untersucht, wie gut junge und alte Erwachsene Sätze mit unterschiedlich komplexer syntaktischer Struktur verstehen können. Zentrales Thema dabei sind die Schwierigkeiten, die ältere Erwachsene mit der Objekt-vor-Subjekt-Wortstellung haben. Untersucht wird, inwiefern diese beobachteten Altersunterschiede durch eine reduzierte verbale Arbeitsgedächtniskapazität der älteren Erwachsenen erklärt werden können. Dabei stellt sich die Frage, ob die Defizite ein generelles verbales Arbeitsgedächtnis betreffen oder ob es ein eigenes Verarbeitungs-system für syntaktische Informationen gibt, dessen Kapazität mit dem Alter abnimmt.
Es wurde versucht, die postulierte reduzierte Arbeitsgedächtniskapazität der älteren Erwachsenen an jungen Erwachsenen zu simulieren, indem deren Arbeitsgedächtniska-pazität durch eine Zusatzaufgabe künstlich eingeschränkt wurde. Weiterhin wurden die Altersunterschiede bei syntaktisch komplexen zentraleingebetteten Relativsätzen mit denen bei syntaktisch einfacheren koordinierten Hauptsätzen verglichen. Um die Studienteilnehmer mit den seltenen objektinitialen Strukturen zu konfrontieren und ihre Erfahrung mit solchen Sätzen zu verändern, wurden schließlich sowohl junge als auch alte Erwachsene mit Sätzen mit Objekt-vor-Subjekt-Wortstellung trainiert.In this paper several experiments about age differences in comprehension of sentences with different syntactical structure are reported. The main focus is on the difficulties old adults experience when a sentence starts with an object. Can the age differences be explained by differences in working memory capacity? Have old adults less working memory capacity, or does there exist a separate working memory for syntactic information which declines with age? In an age simulation, young adults working memory capacity was reduced by an additional digit load. Age differences in comprehension of syntactical complex sentences were compared with age differences in sentences with less complex syntactical structure. To change their experience with the rare object initial word order participants were trained with object initial sentences.
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Lex, Ulrike. "Sprachlateralisierung bei Rechts- und Linkshändern mit funktioneller Magnetresonanztomographie /." Leipzig : MPI, 2003. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=010574818&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Shin, Hong-Im. "Ersparniseffekte beim Wiederlesen von Texten : die Rolle von Situationsmodellen bei der Textverarbeitung /." Hamburg : Verlag Dr. Kovac, 2006. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/3-8300-2060-0.htm.
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Bunk, Oliver. ""Aber immer alle sagen das" The Status of V3 in German: Use, Processing, and Syntactic Representation." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22085.
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Für das Deutsche wird gemeinhin eine strikte V2-Beschränkung angenommen, die für deklarative Hauptsätze besagt, dass sich vor dem finiten Verb genau eine Konstituente befinden muss. In der Literatur werden häufig Beispiele angeführt, in denen sich zwei Konstituenten vor dem finiten Verb befinden und die somit gegen die V2-Beschränkung verstoßen. Diese syntaktische Konfiguration, so das Argument, führt zu Ungrammatikalität:
(1) *Gestern Johann hat getanzt. (Roberts & Roussou 2002:137)
Die Bewertung in (1) fußt jedoch nicht auf empirischer Evidenz, sondern spiegelt ein introspektives Urteil der Autor*innen wider. Daten zum tatsächlichen Sprachgebrauch zeigen, dass Sätze wie in (2) im Deutschen durchaus verwendet werden:
(2) Aber immer alle sagen das. [BSa-OB, #16]
Die Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit dem Status dieser V3-Deklarativsätze im Deutschen. Der Status wird aus drei einander ergänzenden Perspektiven auf Sprache untersucht: Sprachverwendung, Akzeptabilität und Verarbeitung. Hierzu werden Daten, die in einer Korpus-, einer Akzeptabilitäts- und einer Lesezeitstudie erhoben wurden, ausgewertet. Basierend auf den empirischen Befunden diskutiere ich V3-Modellierungen aus generativer Sicht und entwickle einen Modellierungsvorschlag aus konstruktionsgrammatischer Sicht.
Die Arbeit zeigt, dass die Einbeziehung von nicht-standardsprachlichen Mustern wichtige Einblicke in die sprachliche Architektur gibt. Insbesondere psycholinguistisch gewonnene Daten als empirische Basis sind essenziell, um mentale sprachliche Prozesse zu verstehen und abbilden zu können. Die Analyse von V3 zeigt, dass solche Ansätze möglich und nötig sind, um Grammatikmodelle zu prüfen und weiterzuentwickeln. Untersuchungen dieser Art stellen Grammatikmodelle in Frage, die oft einer standardsprachlichen Tradition heraus erwachsen sind und nur einen Ausschnitt der sprachlichen Realität erfassen. V3-Sätze entpuppen sich nach dieser Analyse als Strukturen, die fester Bestandteil der Grammatik sind.German is usually considered to follow a strict V2-constraint. This means that exactly one constituent must precede the finite verb in declarative main clauses. There are many examples for sentences that exhibit two preverbal constituents in the literature, illustrating a violation of the V2-constraint. According to the literature, these configurations lead to ungrammatical structures. (1) *Gestern Johann hat getanzt. (Roberts & Roussou 2002:137) However, the evaluation in (1) is not based on empirical evidence but is introspective and thus might not reflect the linguistic reality. Empirical data from actual language use show that German speakers indeed use these kinds of sentences. (2) Aber immer alle sagen das. [BSa-OB, #16] The dissertation explores the status of these V3 declaratives in German, with ‘status’ comprising three complementary perspectives on language: language use, acceptability, and processing. To this end, I analyze data from three studies: a corpus study, an acceptability judgment study, and a reading time study. Based on the empirical evidence, I discuss existing analyses of V3 and V3-modeling from the generative perspective and develop an analysis taking a construction-based approach. The dissertation shows that including patterns from non-standard language allows for valuable insights into the architecture of language. In particular, psycholinguistic data as an empirical basis are essential to understand and model mental linguistic processes. The analyses presented in the dissertation show that it is possible to follow such an approach in the field of syntactic variation, and it is indeed necessary in order to challenge and further develop existing grammatical theories and our understanding of grammar. Most grammatical models strongly rely on standard language, which is why they only capture a snippet of the linguistic reality. Taking empirical evidence into account, however, V3 sentences turn out to form an integral part of the German grammar.
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Bohle, Hannah. "Cognitive conflicts in the Stroop paradigm." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät II, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17586.
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Kognitive Kontrolle wird besonders in solchen Momenten deutlich, wenn eine geplante Handlung gestört wird. Weil zwei widerstreitende Verhaltenstendenzen gleichzeitig bestehen oder anlaufen, entsteht ein Konflikt. Experimentell können kognitive Konflikte beispielsweise mit dem Stroop-Paradigma hergestellt und untersucht werden (Stroop, 1935). Es ist dabei eine aktuelle Frage, wie Konflikte zeitlich verarbeitet werden und wo im Gehirn diese Verarbeitung geschieht. Zeitlich können Konflikte beispielsweise dann entstehen, wenn die Informationen des Stimulus abgerufen werden oder auch erst dann, wenn die intendierte Antwort tatsächlich für die Artikulation ausgewählt werden muss. Eine weiterführende Frage ist, ob sich die entsprechenden Ergebnisse für verschiedene Stroop-Varianten unterscheiden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden diese Fragen systematisch für die Verarbeitung von Objekten und Zahlen mit zwei Varianten des Stroop-Paradigmas untersucht. In der vorliegenden Dissertation präsentiere ich Ergebnisse von Reaktionszeitstudien und fMRT-Experimenten zum zeitlichen Ablauf und zu neuronalen Substraten kognitiver Konflikte während der Verarbeitung von Objekten und Zahlen. Um die Konflikte zeitlich und räumlich lokalisieren zu können, wird die Abrufphase und die Antwortphase separat modelliert. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Konflikte eher während des Abrufs als bei der Antwortauswahl stattfinden. Außerdem wird geschlussfolgert, dass die Konflikte für Zahl- und Objektrepräsentationen nicht auf gemeinsamen neuronalen Substraten basieren. Die Ergebnisse meiner Reaktionszeitstudien und der MRT-Studien deuten also darauf hin, dass Konflikte bei der Verarbeitung von Objekten und Zahlen zwar einem ähnlichen zeitlichen Verlauf folgen, aber offenbar in unterschiedlichen neuronalen Netzwerken verarbeitet werden.In daily life, we constantly have to adjust our goals and plans to changing task demands and internal needs. Our ability to balance the initiation and inhibition of our actions, and to solve resulting conflicts between them, is referred to as cognitive control. To study the processes of cognitive control, the Stroop Paradigm has become a popular tool (Stroop,1935). The Stroop Paradigm is frequently used to address central questions of cognitive control. It is, for instance, an open issue, where and when in the processing stream cognitive conflicts arise. Do they arise early, for example, during the retrieval of target and distractor? Or do they occur late, when the response is prepared for execution? Another debate is concerned with the question whether the findings agree for different Stroop variants (Van Maanen et al., 2009). In this dissertation I present research on the temporal characteristics and the neural substrates of cognitive conflicts during the processing of objects and numbers. To better understand the locus of the conflict, the retrieval phase and the response phase are modelled separately. The results from several reaction time studies and from two fMRI experiments speak to the issue that processing costs occur during retrieval, i.e., early in the processing stream, for both, object and number representations. The results further indicate that the processing of the conflict between target and distractor for number and object representations do not rely on common neural substrates. I will thus present the results from behavioural and functional imaging experiments, showing similar temporal patterns for the conflicts in both systems, but distinct underlying neural networks.
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Mankin, Jennifer Lauren. "The psycholinguistics of synaesthesia." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/76640/.
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To most people, a question like “What colour is the letter A?” may seem nonsensical, but to a grapheme-colour synaesthete, each letter and word has an automatically evoked colour sensation associated with it. This thesis asks whether the synaesthetic colours for letters and words are shaped by the same influences that inform the typical use of language – that is, if grapheme-colour synaesthesia is fundamentally psycholinguistic in nature. If this is the case, the colour experiences of synaesthetes for letters and words can also be used to investigate long-standing questions about how language acquisition and processing work for everyone. This thesis addresses two aspects of the psycholinguistic roots of synaesthesia: structure/morphology and meaning/semantics. The first two studies on word structure collected colour responses from synaesthetes for compound words (e.g. rainbow), the constituent morphemes of those words separately (e.g. rain and bow), and the letters that in turn form those words (e.g. R, A, B, etc.). These studies showed that synaesthetic word colouring does indeed encode linguistic properties such as word frequency and morphological structure. Furthermore, both linguistic and colour elements of words were important in determining their synaesthetic colour. The second two studies turned to the semantic aspect of language, asking how the meanings associated with words (e.g. red, fire) and even individual letters (e.g. A, Q) can influence the colours that a synaesthete experiences for them. The first of these studies indicated that the synaesthetic colour for a word like red or fire was measurably influenced by the colour that word typically evokes (e.g. the red of red and the orange of fire). The second showed that trends in letter-colour associations in large-scale studies (e.g. A is typically red) may be rooted in connections to particular words (e.g. A is red because A is for apple and apples are red). Overall, this thesis shows that both word structure and meaning have a systematic, measureable effect on synaesthetic colour, which allows these colours to then be used as a new tool to investigate psycholinguistic questions.
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Горлатова, О. М. "Psycholinguistics, development, modern issues." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2020. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/15234.
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Bordag, Denisa. "Psycholinguistische Aspekte der Interferenzerscheinungen in der Flexionsmorphologie des Tschechischen als Fremdsprache /." Hildesheim : Olms, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41142784w.
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Grommes, Patrick. "Prinzipien kohärenter Kommunikation." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät II, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15615.
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Die Dissertation zeigt, dass die Prinzipien kohärenter Kommunikation auf psycholinguistisch begründete Prinzipien der Textproduktion zurückzuführen sind. Die gemeinsame Basis von Text- und Dialogproduktion ist die Quaestio, die als leitende Frage Vorgaben für den Aufbau eines Textes, aber auch einer einzelnen Äußerung macht. Im Text sichert die Quaestio Kohärenz, indem die Textbausteine auf der konzeptuellen Ebene – und nicht allein durch lexikalische oder grammatische Mittel – verknüpft werden. Das bedeutet, dass Kohärenzherstellung eine kognitive Leistung ist, die nicht allein rezeptiv zu erbringen ist, sondern auch bei der Sprachproduktion die Beachtung von Planungsvorgaben verlangt. Zunächst werden die Begriffe Kohärenz und Kohäsion und verschiedene Ansätze zu ihrer Beschreibung diskutiert. Außerdem werden Methoden der Dialoganalyse einander gegenüber gestellt. In dieser Diskussion werden unter anderem Rhetorical Structure Theory und Centering-Theorie behandelt. Da die Arbeit eher strukturelle mit qualitativen Analysen verbindet, werden methodische Zugänge zur Dialoganalyse wie die Konversationsanalyse, aber auch Clark’s sozialpsychologischer Ansatz der joint actions und joint activities sowie Pickering’s und Garrod’s alignment-Theorie aufgegriffen. Letztlich wird auf das Quaestio-Modell von Stutterheim zurückgegriffen, da es aus psycholinguistischer Perspektive den weitesten Erklärungsrahmen bietet. Der Hauptteil der Dissertation ist der Modell-Entwicklung anhand authentischer Gesprächsdaten gewidmet. Schließlich werden Prinzipien der Quaestio-Bearbeitung im Dialog entwickelt. Da unterschiedliche Gesprächssituationen untersucht werden, liefert diese Arbeit ein Inventar an Kohärenzprinzipien samt ihrer charakteristischen Merkmale, das nicht nur die Analyse beliebiger weiterer Gespräche erlaubt, sondern beispielsweise auch zur Entwicklung von Kommunikationsroutinen eingesetzt werden kann. So werden Anwendungsperspektiven psycholinguistischer Forschung erkennbar.This doctoral thesis shows in how far principles of coherent communication can be traced back to psycholinguistically founded principles of text production. The so-called quaestio forms the common basis of text and dialogue production. As an implicit underlying question it sets preferences for the structure of a whole text as well as a single utterance. The quaestio ensures coherence of texts on a conceptual basis rather than merely through the use of lexical or grammatical means. Thus, the production of coherence can be seen as cognitive achievement not only by listeners, but also by speakers who have to follow planning constraints. The thesis discusses the terms coherence and cohesion as well as descriptive approaches dealing with these terms. Additionally, methods of dialogue analysis are confronted with each other. This discussion treats for example Rhetorical Structure Theory and Centering-Theory. The thesis discusses diverse methodological approaches, because it combines structural with qualitative analyses. Thus approaches such as Conversation Analysis, Clark’s concept of joint actions and joint activities, but also Pickering’s and Garrod’s alignment-theory are being treated. In the end the quaestio approach by Stutterheim is chosen, because it offers the widest explanatory framework from a psycholinguistic point of view. The main part of the thesis is dedicated to detailed analyses of real-life dialogue. In conclusion, principles of quaestio management in dialogues are proposed. Because the study treats a wide variety of interaction settings, it delivers a set of principles of coherence and their typical features that allows not only for analyses of any other set of dialogues, but may also support the development of communication routines. Therefore, this thesis hints on application scenarios of psycholinguistic research.
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Rausch, Philip. "Predicate-induced semantic prominence in online argument linking: experiments on affectedness and analytical tools." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19305.
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Teil I dieser Arbeit untersucht Effekte einer semantischen Eigenschaft von syntaktisch transitiven Prädikaten auf die Satzverarbeitung: den Grad der Affiziertheit, den solch ein Prädikat für eines seiner Argumente impliziert, also das Ausmaß in dem ein Teilnehmer eine Zustandsveränderung während des ausgedrückten Ereignisses erfährt. Drei Experimente (zu Akzeptabilitätsurteilen, Lesezeiten & ereigniskorrelierten Potentialen [EKP]) überprüften den Einfluss von Affiziertheit auf die lexikalisch-semantische Verarbeitung des Prädikats und die Integration folgender Argument-Nominalphrasen (NPn) beim Satzlesen. Um den Effekt von Affiziertheit auf Verarbeitungsprozesse beim Argumentlinking zu maximieren, machten die Experimente Gebrauch von deverbalen, eventiven, deutschen -ung-Nominalisierungen, die von Verben mit verschiedenem Affiziertheitsgrad abgeleitet sind. Hierbei wurde der Einfluss der Affiziertheit ausgenutzt, folgende Objekts- oder Subjektsgenitive als Argument zu lizensieren. Während sich keine klaren Effekte bei der Verarbeitung der Nominalisierungen ergaben, zeigten die Ergebnisse zur Integration der Genitiv-NPn eine spezifische Interaktion zwischen dem Grad der Affiziertheit und der Akzeptabilität, einen Objekts- bzw. Subjektsgenitiv zu verwirklichen. Dieser Befund wurde von übereinstimmenden Lesezeiten- und EKP-Interaktionseffekten begleitet. Die EKP-Ergebnisse legen eine zentrale Rolle von zwei späten Positivierungen bei der Integration der Genitivargumente nahe. Diese Befunde werden im Kontext theoretischer Modelle von abgestufter Affiziertheit und von Satzverarbeitungsmodellen diskutiert, mit Fokus auf der möglichen Rolle der Prototypikalität von Argumenten und Unterschieden zwischen prädikatsinduzierter und argumentinhärenter semantischer Argumentprominenz. Teil II stellt zwei Softwarepakete für die statistische Umgebung R vor, die Schnittstellen für die zur Analyse der EKP-Daten verwendeten WFMM Software (Morris & Carroll, 2006) bieten.Part I of this thesis investigates the effects of a semantic feature of syntactically transitive predicates on online sentence processing: the degree of affectedness such a predicate implies for one of its arguments, taken to indicate the extent to which an event participant undergoes a change of state during the event expressed. Three experiments (using acceptability judgements, reading times & event-related potentials [ERPs]) probed the effects of affectedness on the processing of the predicate and on the integration of following argument noun phrases (NPs), thus assessing the impact of affectedness on lexical-semantic processing and its influence on processes related to online argument linking. Maximising the effects of affectedness on linking-related processes, the experiments used German -ung nominalisations derived from verbs implying different degrees of affectedness, exploiting a paradigm involving the linking of either object or subject genitive argument NPs to deverbal, eventive nominalisations. While no clear effects of affectedness emerged for the processing of the nominalisations, results related to the integration of genitive NPs revealed a specific interaction between the degree of affectedness and the acceptability of realising either object or subject genitives. This pattern was accompanied by consistent reading time and ERP interaction effects. ERP results suggest a prominent role of two late positivities with different spatial foci in the integration of the genitive arguments. These findings are discussed in the context of theoretical models of graded affectedness and sentence processing models, considering possible roles of argument prototypicality and differences between predicate-induced and argument-inherent semantic argument prominence. Part II introduces two software packages for the statistical platform R, offering interfaces for the WFMM software (Morris & Carroll, 2006) used for the analysis of the ERP data in part I.
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Yang, Wei. "Speech errors in Chinese : a psycholinguistic study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ32774.pdf.
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Ikemoto, Yu. "Psycholinguistic studies of derivational morphology in Japanese." Thesis, University of Essex, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542337.
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Avrutin, Sergey. "Psycholinguistic investigations in the theory of reference." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11652.
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Hamlett, Laura E. "Common Psycholinguistic Themes in Mass Murderer Manifestos." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3493.
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Mass murder in the United States is increasing, yet understanding of mass murderers is still relatively limited. Many perpetrators compose manifestos, which include journals, blogs, letters, videos, and other writings. Previous research has indicated that personal messages are of great social and psychological importance; however, there remains an important gap in the current literature regarding studies specific to these manifestos. As such, the purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to provide greater understanding of mass murderers' motives and mindsets through psycholinguistic analysis of their recorded words. The constructivist conceptual framework enabled gathering, analyzing, interpreting, and reporting thematic language from a purposeful sample of 12 American mass murderer manifestos, all of which were freely available online. The 6 research questions aligned with 6 psycholinguistic themes: ego survival and revenge; pseudocommando mindset: persecution, envy, obliteration; envy; nihilism; entitlement; and heroic revenge fantasy. Descriptive and analytical coding allowed for the identification of sentences and passages representative of each theme. Findings revealed a high degree of support for nihilism and ego survival and revenge, moderate support for heroic revenge fantasy and pseudocommando mindset, and limited support for entitlement and envy. These findings contribute to the existing literature, enhancing social change initiatives through increased understanding of mass murderers' communications and prompting further needed research. With greater awareness comes the potential for early identification and intervention, which may favorably impact psychology and law enforcement professionals and at-risk individuals.
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BENEDETTINI, Valentina. "Multimodal Event Knowledge. Psycholinguistic and Computational Experiments." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/108472.
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Czypionka, Anna. "The interplay of object animacy and verb class in representation building." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät II, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16999.
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Bei der Verarbeitung transitiver Sätze verwendet der Parser verschiedene Informationen, wie die Wortstellung, die Belebtheit und die Kasusmarkierung der Argumente, um eine Repräsentation der im Satz beschriebenen Situation aufzubauen. Frühere psycholinguistische Arbeiten zeigen, dass zwei belebte Argumente in einem Satz zusätzliche Verarbeitungskosten verursachen, außer wenn andere Informationen die Zuweisung der grammatischen und thematischen Rollen an die Argumente erlauben. In kasusmarkierenden Sprachen wie Deutsch ist einer dieser Hinweise die morphologische Kasusmarkierung. Die meisten zweistelligen deutschen Verben weisen ihren Argumenten das kanonische Nominativ-Akkusativ-Kasusmuster zu. Eine kleine Gruppe von zweistelligen Verben weist jedoch das nichtkanonische Nominativ-Dativ-Muster zu. Diese Verben unterschieden sich in ihrer Syntax und Semantik von kanonisch transitiven Verben und verursachen beim Satzverstehen höhere Verarbeitungskosten. In dieser Dissertation wird untersucht, wie die Verarbeitung von Argumentbelebtheitskontrasten während der Satzverarbeitung vom verbalen Kasuszuweisungsmuster moduliert wird. Ich stelle die Ergebnisse vier verschiedener Experimente vor (selbstgetaktetes Lesen, Blickbewegungsmessungen und EKP-Messungen). Alle experimentellen Methoden zeigen, dass der Effekt der Argumentbelebtheitskonstraste mit dem Effekt des verbalen Kasuszuweisungsmusters interagiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen ein detaillierteres Bild der Satzverarbeitung und tragen zur Vereinigung der Transitivätsbegriffe in theoretischer Linguistik und Psycholinguistik bei.During the comprehension of transitive sentences, the parser uses different kinds of information like word order, the arguments'' animacy status and case marking to build a representation of the situation the sentence describes. Previous research in psycholinguistics has shown that two animate arguments in a sentence cause additional processing costs, unless other cues allow the assignment of grammatical and thematic roles to the arguments. In case-marking languages like German, one of these cues is morphological case marking. While most German verbs assign the canonical nominative-accusative case pattern to their arguments, a small group of verbs assign noncanonical nominative-dative. These verbs differ from standard transitive verbs both in their syntax and their semantics, and are known to cause higher processing cost during comprehension. This dissertation examines how the processing of argument animacy contrasts during sentence comprehension is modulated by the verbal case marking pattern. I report the results of four different experiments, using self-paced reading time measurements, eyetracking and ERP measurements. All experimental methods show that the effect of argument animacy contrasts interacts with the effects of the verbal case marking pattern. The findings add further details to the existing knowledge about sentence comprehension, and combine perspectives on transitivity from theoretical linguistics and psycholinguistics.
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Doughty, Catherine, and Michael Long. "Optimal psycholinguistic environments for distance foreign language learning." Graduate School of International Development. Nagoya University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6283.
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Williams, Darrell N. "The psycholinguistic determinants of displaced subjects and objects." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ60209.pdf.
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Reid, Agnieszka. "The combinatorial lexicon : psycholinguistic studies of Polish morphology." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246900.
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The goal of this thesis is to add a typologically distinct data point to the investigation of access and representation of words in the mental lexicon, which until recently has been biased towards English. We concentrated on Polish, which contrasts with English in the richness of its inflectional and derivational morphology and its morpho-phonological alternations. Using immediate cross-modal and delayed auditory-auditory priming, parallel issues to those examined in English are investigated, as well as questions which cannot be addressed in English, because of differences in morphological properties. Four main findings are reported. First, the representation of morphologically complex Polish words is combinatorial, similar to English; This is supported by: (a) robust priming for items which share the same stem; (b) affix priming for morphologically complex items; (c) suffix-suffix interference for items competing for the same stem; Second, the results on Polish highly and moderately semantically transparent compounds suggest that the former may be represented in a combinatorial format and the latter as full forms. This contrasts with English where both types of compound are claimed to be stored as full forms. Third, initial investigations of the role of semantic transparency in determining how morphologically complex words are represented, suggest that transparent items are stored decompositionally whereas opaque items are stored as full forms. This conforms to the English findings, but contrasts with Semitic languages. Further investigations indicate that semantic compositionality may be more important that transparency, although more research is needed here. Finally, the results suggest that phonological alternants of the same stem, whether regular or irregular, are stored in a single lexical entry, and, in the auditory modality, map directly onto the same abstract underlying representation. Overall the results support the claim that the Polish lexicon IS organised morphemically in a combinatorial, phonologically abstract format
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Ayers, Gayle Marie. "Nuclear Accent Types and Prominence: Some Psycholinguistic Experiments /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487931993467133.
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Pascoe, Michelle. "Investigating intervention : phonological therapy in a psycholinguistic framework." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414667.
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Morgan, J. Arianna. "Explorations into the Psycholinguistic Validity of Extended Collocations." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2005.
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This study tests the hypothesis that frequency and collocational association make independent contributions to the processing time of English multiword collocational, phrases for L1 and L2 English speakers. The results suggest that these constructs do play a role in the processing of 4-word, corpus-extracted phrases. In this sample, L1 speakers demonstrated reduced processing time for both highly frequent and highly associated phrases, while L2 speakers demonstrated reduced processing time for highly frequent phrases. Evidence exists in the data that highly proficient L2 speakers may develop similar patterns of reduced processing time as L1 speakers. Additionally, some L1 speakers did not show the sensitive to higher levels of association typical of this group. Understanding these contributions has the potential to elucidate the most useful targets of phrasal instruction for ESOL students and the psychological mechanisms of associative learning.
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Blohm, Stefan [Verfasser]. "Literary Psycholinguistics and the Poem / Stefan Blohm." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1204388660/34.
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Boyd, Jeremy Kenyon. "Comparatively speaking a psycholinguistic study of optionality in grammar /." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3273558.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed August 31, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 172-181).
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Plemmenou, Evangelica A. "Grammatical gender in language production: psycholinguistic evidence from Greek." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492981.
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Featherston, Sam. "Empty categories in sentence processing : psycholinguistic evidence from German." Thesis, University of Essex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285849.
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Bailes, Rachael Louise. "An evolutionary psycholinguistic approach to the pragmatics of reference." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22978.
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Pragmatics concerns the material function of language use in the world, and thus touches on profound questions about the relationship between our cognition and the environments in which we operate. Both psycholinguistics and evolutionary linguistics have afforded greater attention to pragmatics in recent years. Though the potential of evolutionary psycholinguistics has been noted for over twenty-five years (e.g. Tooby & Cosmides, 1990; Scott-Phillips, 2010a), there has arguably been little dialogue between these two fields of study. This thesis explicitly acknowledges and investigates the adaptationist nature of functional claims in psycholinguistics, and attempts to demonstrate that psycholinguistic inquiry can provide evidence that is relevant to theories of how the cognitive architecture of linguistic communication evolved. Chapter two reviews a broad polarisation in the pragmatic and psycholinguistic literature concerning the relative roles of linguistic convention and contextual information in comprehension. It makes explicit the theoretical approaches that reliably give rise to these polar positions across scholarly domains. It goes on to map each model of comprehension to the adaptationist particulars it may entail, and in doing so illustrates two different pictures of how linguistic cognition has developed over phylogeny. The Social Adaptation Hypothesis (SAH) holds that linguistic comprehension is performed by relevance-oriented inferential mechanisms that have been selected for by a social environment (i.e. inference-using conspecifics). In particular, the SAH holds that linguistic conventions are attended to in the same way as other ostensive stimuli and contextual information, and because of their relevance to communicative interactions. The Linguistic Adaptation Hypothesis (LAH) holds that linguistic comprehension is performed by specialised cognition that has been selected for by a linguistic environment (i.e. language-using conspecifics) that was established subsequent to, and as a consequence of, the emergence of inferential communication. In particular, the LAH holds that linguistic conventions are a privileged domain of input for the comprehension system. The plausibility and congruence of both accounts with the current state of knowledge about the evolutionary picture necessitates empirical psycholinguistic evidence. The remainder of the thesis presents a series of experiments investigating referential expressions relevant to the contrastive predictions of these two adaptationist accounts. The broad question that covers all of these experiments is: how sensitive is the comprehension process to linguistic input qua linguistic input, relative to various other grades of relevant contextual information? Chapter three presents a reaction time experiment that uses speaker-specific facts about referents as referring expressions, in a conversational precedent paradigm. The experiment measures the relative sensitivity of comprehension processing to the knowledge states of speakers and the consistent use of linguistic labels, and finds greater sensitivity to linguistic labels. Chapter four introduces a further contextual variable into this paradigm, in the form of culturally copresent associations between labels and referents. The experiment presented in this chapter compares the relative sensitivity of processing to culturally copresent common ground, the privileged knowledge state of speakers, and the consistent use of linguistic labels. The results indicated greater sensitivity to linguistic labels overall, and were consistent with the LAH. Chapter five turns to visual context as a constraint on reference, and presents two pairs of experiments. Experiments 3 and 4 investigate the comprehension of referring expressions across congruous, incongruous, and abstract visual contexts. The experiments measured reaction time as subjects were prompted to identify constituent parts of tangram pictures. The results indicated a sensitivity to the visual context and the linguistic labels, and are broadly consistent with the SAH. If comprehension is characterised by particular sensitivities, we may expect speakers to produce utterances that lend themselves well to how hearers process them. Experiments 5 and 6 use a similar tangram paradigm to elicit referring expressions from speakers for component parts of tangrams. The experiments measure the consistency of produced labels for the same referents across visual contexts of varied congruity. The results indicated some methodological limitations of the tangram paradigm for the study of repeated reference across contexts. Lastly, the thesis concludes by considering the SAH and LAH in light of the empirical evidence presented and its accompanying limitations, and argues that the evidence is generally consistent with the assumptions of the LAH.
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Twist, Alina Evelyn. "A Psycholinguistic Investigation of the Verbal Morphology of Maltese." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194996.
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This dissertation focuses on the unique aspects of Maltese morphology brought about by its genetic and geographic history. The experiments conducted and described here build on past research in Indo-European languages and new research in other Semitic languages to determine how different word formation systems function. Applying experimental techniques to the study of Maltese is crucial for two reasons. First, though Maltese is a Semitic language, recent extensive contact with English has greatly impacted its vocabulary and the structure of its verbs. Though the effects of persistent language contact is pervasive, clear and systematic differences may be observed between native Semitic verbs and those borrowed from English. Secondly, unlike other Semitic languages, the Maltese writing system uses the Roman alphabet. This allows for tests that require the reading of written stimuli to be performed in the same writing system as previous studies in Indo-European languages, eliminating a number of confounding factors.A masked priming experiment asked Maltese speakers to judge whether or not test items were words of their language. The test items included real and nonce verbs of both Semitic and English origin. Accuracy rates and reaction time were recorded and compared across speakers. The results of this experiment support the psychological salience of the consonantal root as a unit of lexical organization.An elicitation experiment asked native speakers of Maltese to provide a verb form that corresponded to a given noun or adjective. The test items were nouns of Semitic and English origin and non-words constructed to resemble such nouns. Responses were broadly transcribed and analyzed for their similarity to the expected patterns. The results show that speakers are able to use two morphological strategies to form new words. The factors affecting the choice between morphological systems include linguistic structure and social variables.Collectively, this pair of experiments indicate that the consonantal root is a viable morphological and psychological unit of lexical organization, supporting a search-based approach to lexical access. Furthermore, speakers are able to form new words on the basis of whole words, showing that this level of organization must also be present to facilitate lexical access.
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Keuleers, Emmanuel, Marc Brysbaert, and Boris New. "An evaluation of the Google Books ngrams for psycholinguistic research." Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2012/6233/.
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Silva, Renita Helena. "Morphological processing in a second language : evidence from psycholinguistic experiments." Thesis, University of Essex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495773.
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Niepelt, R. T. "Psycholinguistic speech processing assessment for adults : development and case series." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20387/.
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In educational institutions there are a significant number of young adults with speech, language and literacy problems. Nevertheless, due to a lack of assessment tools, difficulties are often not recognised which in turn limits access to possible supports. The specific objective of this study was to develop a comprehensive speech processing skills assessment battery for native English-speaking adults, taking psycholinguistics into account. The assessment tool consists of subtests that assess auditory discrimination of non-words and non-word repetition, reading and spelling of non-words, and spoonerisms with non- and real words. Normative data from 101 English-speaking adults (age 18-35 years) were collected and analysed in terms of general psychometric properties. Further in depth analyses look at the nature of mistakes and reaction time of participants. Moreover, a case series of participants who stammer (N=6) was conducted to test the speech processing assessment in regards to profiling existing speech difficulties and comparing these profiles to norm data. Results support the establishment of objectivity, validity and reliability of the assessment tool, but also highlight important factors which need to be investigated in more detail. Results concerning the case studies showed individual differences of performances compared to the norm data which can be explained by theoretical knowledge about stammering. Outcomes encourage the usage of the assessment tool for research (e.g. comparison of speech processing profiles in adults with speech disorders) as well as the possibility of further development for clinical and educational settings (e.g. the development of specific disability support). A next step of this programme of work could be to modify the assessment tool based on analysed outcomes. Moreover, deeper investigation of people experiencing speech difficulties could follow to support the profiling of adults with persistent developmental speech difficulties in, for example, higher education.
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Rees, Rachel Isabel. "Deaf children's acquisition of speech skills : a psycholinguistic perspective through intervention." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1348395/.
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This study set out to explore the nature of deaf children’s lexical representations and how these may be updated as new speech skills are acquired, through an investigation of speech processing skills and responses to intervention in three deaf children. A computer-based psycholinguistic profiling procedure was developed to examine the relationships between input skills, lexical representations and output skills for a range of consonant contrasts, with the expectation that input skills were important in determining output skills. Using this procedure, consonants or consonant clusters that were not accurately realised by the participants were classified according to responses to real word and nonword input testing in audio-visual and audio-alone conditions. By comparing how the differently classified consonants responded to intervention, the role of input skills in the updating of lexical representations was discovered to be less important than other sources of information, including phonological awareness and knowledge of orthography and grapheme-phoneme links. There was some evidence that articulatory knowledge, acquired through phonetic instruction and tactile feedback, was enriching segments of input representations so that the corresponding segments became easier to detect in input tasks. This questions the assumption that output representations depend on input representations for their specification. Further intervention involving repeated practice of new motor patterns and use of feedback from the therapist to encourage motor planning facilitated generalisation of the acquired speech skills to a wide range of speaking tasks. There was evidence that one of the participants was accessing the orthography of what he was about to say in order to generalise his speech skills and that he could eventually do this, even when conversing at an acceptable rate of speech. The implications for combining the teaching of phonics with speech production training for deaf children are discussed.