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Eckenrod, E. L. "Psychological/Emotional Trauma of Donor Families." Transplantation Proceedings 40, no. 4 (May 2008): 1061–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.03.048.
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Sijbrandij, Marit, Miranda Olff, Johannes B. Reitsma, Ingrid V. E. Carlier, and Berthold P. R. Gersons. "Emotional or educational debriefing after psychological trauma." British Journal of Psychiatry 189, no. 2 (August 2006): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.021121.
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BackgroundRecent studies show that individual single-session psychological debriefing does not prevent and can even aggravate symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).AimsWe studied the effect of emotional ventilation debriefing and educational debriefing v. no debriefing on symptoms of PTSD, anxiety and depression.MethodWe randomised 236 adult survivors of a recent traumatic event to either emotional ventilation debriefing, educational debriefing or no debriefing (control) and followed up at 2 weeks, 6 weeks and 6 months.ResultsPsychiatric symptoms decreased in all three groups over time, without significant differences between the groups in symptoms of PTSD (P=0.33). Participants in the emotional debriefing group with high baseline hyperarousal score had significantly more PTSD symptoms at 6 weeks than control participants (P=0.005).ConclusionsOur study did not provide evidence for the usefulness of individual psychological debriefing in reducing symptoms of PTSD, anxiety and depression after psychological trauma.
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Mankad, Aditi, Sandy Gordon, and Karen Wallman. "Perceptions of Emotional Climate Among Injured Athletes." Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 3, no. 1 (March 2009): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.3.1.1.
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The present study adopted a qualitative, exploratory approach to describe the underlying emotional climate among injured athletes within team sport environments. Nine elite athletes undergoing long-term injury rehabilitation (LTIR) participated in semi-structured interviews to describe their LTIR experience. A general inductive analysis extracted three higher-order themes: (a) emotional trauma, (b) emotional climate, and (c) emotional acting. Athletes reported experiencing emotional trauma throughout LTIR. To maintain in-group norms, they described engaging in avoidance behaviors and reported suppressing negative affect for fear of negative evaluation. They also reported frequently controlling emotions in public using acting strategies. Athletes perceived these emotionally inhibitive behaviors as encouraged within their team environment. These results have important implications for the identification and treatment of emotionally destructive behaviors that could potentially delay an athlete’s psychological rehabilitation from athletic injury.
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Padun, M. A., and E. A. Sorokko. "Emotion Regulation in Persons with an Increased Risk of Mental Trauma (on the example of the Internal Affairs officers)." Psychology and Law 9, no. 4 (2019): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2019090405.
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The article is devoted to the study of emotion regulation strategies in officers of Department of internal affairs (DIA) in comparison with persons whose activities are not associated with the risk of mental trauma. The hypothesis is that employment in activities related to the risk of psychological trauma is associated with specific patterns of emotion regulation, which are suppression of emotional expression and misrepresentation in their own emotional state. Along with questionnaire methods, the Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test - IPANAT was used. It is shown that police officers are more likely to deform answers in self-reporting methods than people not related to work in the police system. Police officers are likely to suppress emotions and less likely to resort to emotion regulation than persons whose profession is not associated with the risk of mental trauma. There is a significant subgroup of individuals among the police officers who are characterized by a mismatch of explicit and implicit assessments of emotional states. This group is characterized by dysfunctional strategies for emotion regulation associated with rumination and catastrophic significance of emotional situations.
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Helminen, Elisa, and Raija-Leena Punamäki. "Contextualized emotional images in children's dreams: Psychological adjustment in conditions of military trauma." International Journal of Behavioral Development 32, no. 3 (May 2008): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025408089267.
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This study examines the impact of military trauma on contextualized emotional images in children's dreams, and the function of the intensity and valence of the emotional images in protecting mental health from negative trauma impact. Participants were 345 Palestinian children and adolescents (aged 5—16 years) belonging to high trauma (Gaza) and non-trauma (Galilee) groups. They reported nocturnal dreams using a seven-night dream diary. The results show, as hypothesized, that the dreams of children exposed to severe military trauma incorporated more intense and more negative emotional images. High intensity and low negative, and high positive emotional images in dreams may protect children's mental health. Children in the trauma group showed relatively fewer post-traumatic symptoms if their dreams incorporated intensive and positive emotional images. Similarly, personal exposure to military trauma was not associated with anxiety and aggressiveness among children whose dreams had low negative valence, or with lower anxiety when dreams had intensive emotional images. The emotional qualities of dreams are discussed as possible indicators of children processing their traumatic experiences.
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Türk-Kurtça, Tuğba, and Metin Kocatürk. "The Role of Childhood Traumas, Emotional Self-Efficacy and Internal-External Locus of Control in Predicting Psychological Resilience." International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies 8, no. 3 (August 12, 2020): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.8n.3p.105.
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Psychological resilience is a broad concept that can be evaluated in the context of past experiences, emotional experiences and control mechanisms shaped by internal or external factors. In this study, the role of childhood traumas, emotional self-efficacy and the internal-external locus of control were investigated in predicting psychological resilience. The study included a total of 291 participants (208 females and 83 males) with average age of 20.29 (SD = 2.59). Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale, Internal-External Locus of Control Scale and Psychological Resilience Scale were used to collect data from participants. As a result of simple linear regression analysis, childhood traumas experiences, emotional self-efficacy and internal locus of control predicted resilience significantly among university students. Also, there was significant positive relationship between emotional self-efficacy, locus of control and resilience. On the other hand, resilience and childhood traumas were correlated negatively. The findings of the study are discussed at the end. The protective factors related to psychological resilience should be considered in a versatile way to understand its fundamental structure.
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Fakhry, Samir M., Pamela L. Ferguson, Jama L. Olsen, Jennifer J. Haughney, Heidi S. Resnick, and Kenneth J. Ruggiero. "Continuing Trauma: The Unmet Needs of Trauma Patients in the Postacute Care Setting." American Surgeon 83, no. 11 (November 2017): 1308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481708301137.
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Trauma care has traditionally focused on prehospital and hospital settings, yet many injured patients report emotional distress in the postacute care setting, which is known to impair recovery. The objective of this study was to assess postdischarge emotional recovery and communication preferences. An observational cohort of 100 adult patients from our Level 1 Trauma Center was surveyed one to two months postdischarge. Among those employed preinjury, 44 per cent had not returned to work. Nearly half screened positive for emotional issues (posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and/or psychological distress); of these, only 35 per cent considered getting professional help and only 10 per cent received help. The barrier most cited (58%) was cost; 42 per cent did not know how or where to get help. Most participants responded “no” or “I don't know” when asked if they had received information about coping with negative emotions after injury and how to seek help from a doctor to address these emotions. Two-thirds preferred to receive such information via phone call from a health care provider or by text. Eighty-nine per cent owned a cellphone. Our trauma systems are failing to provide comprehensive care or look at the ultimate outcomes of our patients, yet modern technology could provide needed resources to patients in novel ways.
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Church, Dawson, Crystal Hawk, Audrey J. Brooks, Olli Toukolehto, Maria Wren, Ingrid Dinter,, and Phyllis Stein. "Psychological Trauma Symptom Improvement in Veterans Using Emotional Freedom Techniques." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 201, no. 2 (February 2013): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nmd.0b013e31827f6351.
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Kidron, Carol A. "The politics of glocalised post-traumatic emotion worlds and the limits of Cambodian therapeutic subjectivity." Emotions and Society 3, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 133–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/263169021x16137268997795.
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This article traces the way in which a local Cambodian NGO disseminates psychological therapeutic discourse and practice in post-genocide Cambodia potentially laying the constitutive ground for a Cambodian therapeutic subject. Ethnographic interviews with Cambodian interlocutors allow for an examination of Cambodian perceptions of newly disseminated Euro-Western (EW) therapeutic practices and an evaluation of the potential friction between Buddhist Khmer ethnopsychological emotional styles and EW therapeutic emotional styles. Findings point to diverse mechanisms circulating therapeutic subjectivity including rural psychological pedagogy, testimony therapy and a hybrid local-global trauma construct – baksbat-trauma. baksbat (broken courage)-trauma syncretises Cambodian ethnopsychological and EW psychological understandings of fear, emotional distress and healing. Ethnographic lay Cambodian accounts present cultural friction between the EW therapeutic model and the Cambodian Buddhist/ethnopsychological model. Tacit Cambodian emotional styles include Buddhist avoidance of and resistance to EW emotional working through of and therapeutic talk about past suffering and public memory work. Compared with EW trauma-related fear, the semantic fields of baksbat cannot be disentangled from political and economic structural violence perceived as the root cause of distress nor from Buddhist acceptance and avoidance as a pragmatic and adaptive response. Implications are considered regarding the politicising and depoliticising potential of therapeutic practice and the globalisation of therapeutic subjectivity.
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Jeavons, Sue. "Long-term needs of motor vehicle accident victims: are they being met?" Australian Health Review 24, no. 1 (2001): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah010128.
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This paper uses the context of a longitudinal rural study, which examined the extent of psychological trauma andpredictors of that trauma following road accidents, to highlight issues for road accident survivors. It then outlines whatcounselling and psychological services are currently offered to road accident victims by the insurance companies andby a voluntary agency, the Road Trauma Support Team. Overall it appears that psychological and emotional needs ofsurvivors are not always acknowledged or provided for.
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McNulty, Kristy L. "Psychological and Emotional Recovery to Severe Burn Injury." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 33, no. 1 (March 1, 2002): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.33.1.7.
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Burn trauma is not only physically painful, but the experience of sustaining a severe burn, dealing with a lengthy hospital stay, and being faced with long-term consequences can be emotionally devastating. This paper describes common reactions to critical injury within the acute and post-acute rehabilitation phases, and reviews the psychologic adjustment of both pediatric and adult survivors. Rehabilitation counseling interventions focus on building a convoy of social support, coping with pain and incapacitation, fostering a positive self-concept and body image, and promoting overall acceptance of the disability. The role of the rehabilitation counselor in assessing vocational potential is also discussed.
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Ohoiwutun, Y. A. Triana, and Surjanti Surjanti. "URGENSI PEMERIKSAAN AHLI JIWA DALAM KASUS KEKERASAN PSIKIS DALAM RUMAH TANGGA." Jurnal Yudisial 11, no. 3 (December 26, 2018): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.29123/jy.v11i3.300.
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ABSTRAKPutusan Nomor 173/Pid.Sus/2014/PN.Lmj memutus perkara tindak pidana kekerasan psikis dalam rumah tangga yang tidak didasarkan pada keterangan ahli jiwa. Tindak pidana kekerasan psikis dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2004 tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga diformulasikan sebagai delik materiil, dan adanya hubungan kausal antara perbuatan pelaku yang berakibat pada trauma psikis korban itulah yang seharusnya dapat dibuktikan. Fokus permasalahan yang dikaji meliputi urgensi keterangan ahli jiwa dalam Putusan Nomor 173/Pid.Sus/2014/PN.Lmj, dan hubungan antara pemeriksaan ahli jiwa dengan tindak pidana kekerasan psikis dalam rumah tangga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif. Data penelitian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Putusan Nomor 173/Pid.Sus/2014/PN.Lmj tidak berbasis pada pemeriksaan ahli jiwa, padahal hanya ahli jiwa yang dapat menguji secara ilmiah kebenaran adanya trauma psikis. Pemeriksaan ahli jiwa dapat diberikan oleh psikolog atau psikiater untuk tujuan menemukan kebenaran materiil. Urgensi pemeriksaan ahli jiwa terhadap korban kekerasan psikis dalam rumah tangga, bertujuan untuk menentukan adanya hubungan kausal antara perbuatan terdakwa dengan trauma psikis korban, dan adanya hubungan kausal antara trauma psikis sebagai akibat perbuatan terdakwa itulah yang mengindikasikan adanya kesalahan yang berkorelasi dengan pertanggungjawaban pidana dalam kasus kekerasan psikis dalam rumah tangga.Kata kunci: ahli jiwa, kekerasan psikis, kekerasan rumah tangga. ABSTRACTDecision Number 173/Pid.Sus/2014/PN.Lmj proceeds a case of psychological domestic violence that are not based on information from psychologists. Crime of emotional abuse in Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence is formulated as substantive offense, and the causal relationship between the offender's conduct resulting in psychological trauma of the victim should be proven. The focus of the problem includes the urgency of the psychiatrist’s information in Decision Number 173/Pid.Sus/2014/PN.Lmj, and the correlation between the examination of psychiatrists and criminal acts of domestic emotional abuse. This is a normative juridical method research with qualitative data analysis. Decision Number 173/Pid.Sus/2014/PN.Lmj is not based on psychiatric examinations, whereas, only psychologists can scientifically examine the truth of psychological trauma. Psychiatric examination can be provided by a psychologist for the purpose of finding the substantial truth. The urgency of psychiatric examination on the victim of domestic emotional abuse aims to determine the causal relationship between the criminal act of the defendant and the psychological trauma of the victim; and the causal relationship between psychological traumas as a result of the defendant's crime indicates an error that correlates with criminal liability in such cases.Keywords: psychiatrist, emotional abuse, domestic abuse.
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Lumley, Mark A., Shoshana Krohner, Liyah M. Marshall, Torran C. Kitts, Howard Schubiner, and Brandon C. Yarns. "Emotional awareness and other emotional processes: implications for the assessment and treatment of chronic pain." Pain Management 11, no. 3 (May 2021): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/pmt-2020-0081.
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Emotional awareness (EA) is a key emotional process that is related to the presence and severity of chronic pain (CP). In this report, we describe primary and secondary emotions, discuss the distinction between emotional states and emotional regulation/processing, and summarize theory and research highlighting the significance of EA for CP. We describe ways to assess EA and diagnose centrally-mediated CP, for which emotional processes appear most relevant. We review several psychological interventions designed to enhance EA as well as several broader emotional processing treatments developed to address trauma and psychosocial conflicts underlying many patients’ pain. We conclude by offering our perspective on how future integration of emotional processing into pain care could promote recovery from CP.
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Stader, Sandra R., George R. Holmes, George F. McNulty, Angela Q. Forand, and deRosset Myers. "Comparison of Scores for Abused and Nonabused Young Adults on the Psychological Trauma and Resources Scale." Psychological Reports 94, no. 2 (April 2004): 687–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.2.687-693.
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The Psychological Trauma and Psychological Resources Scale has been developed to identify adolescents and adults who have experienced traumatic events, i.e., physical, sexual, or emotional abuse and neglect. The scale also attempts to identify the presence of compensatory or resource factors such as social support that may serve to ameliorate the effects of traumatic events. 98 college participants who reported a history of abuse were compared with 464 nonabused students on the seven subscales. As predicted, the abused participants reported significantly more incidents of abuse and neglect than the nontraumatized group. In addition, the abused group reported receiving less emotional support, and they were less likely to use positive self-talk as a way to decrease emotional distress. These results provide empirical support for using the Psychological Trauma and Psychological Resources Scale to identify individuals with a history of abuse. Findings underscore the importance of assessing resource variables that may moderate the effects of abuse.
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Ullmann, E., A. Barthel, S. Taché, A. Bornstein, J. Licinio, and S. R. Bornstein. "Emotional and psychological trauma in refugees arriving in Germany in 2015." Molecular Psychiatry 20, no. 12 (November 3, 2015): 1483–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mp.2015.164.
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Beilharz, Jessica Elise, Marlee Paterson, Scott Fatt, Chloe Wilson, Alexander Burton, Erin Cvejic, Andrew Lloyd, and Uté Vollmer-Conna. "The impact of childhood trauma on psychosocial functioning and physical health in a non-clinical community sample of young adults." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 54, no. 2 (October 21, 2019): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867419881206.
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Objective: Given the fundamental emotional, social and physical development that occurs during the early years of life, childhood experiences are formative in shaping a person’s life trajectory. Childhood trauma is a prevalent, multifaceted issue with well-documented long-term adverse health effects in clinical populations however; the impact of childhood trauma in the community is less clear. To address this, this study investigated how childhood trauma may impact physical and psychological health, sleep quality and autonomic function in a non-clinical community sample of adults. Method: Participants completed questionnaires, an in-laboratory autonomic assessment (including stress reactivity to mental and physical stressors) and overnight autonomic and sleep monitoring. Overall childhood trauma and its subtypes (e.g. physical abuse, emotional neglect) were defined using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Results: We identified 22 childhood trauma cases (total score > 36) and, of the 89 non-childhood trauma cases, some individuals also experienced significant levels of trauma in one or more of the childhood trauma subtypes. Childhood trauma and some trauma subtypes were significantly correlated with a myriad of negative physiological and physical health outcomes including elevated psychological distress, increased sleep disturbances, reduced emotional wellbeing and lower perceived social support. Autonomic dysregulation was found in those with high levels of childhood trauma, which was reflected in an increased stress response to laboratory tasks. Notably, the experience of physical abuse in childhood was significantly associated with alterations in nocturnal heart rate and heart rate variability. Conclusion: Together, these results highlight that childhood trauma can have lasting detrimental consequences on an individual’s emotional and physical health, sleep quality and stress reactivity.
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Speri, Leonardo. "Affrontare l’emergenza tra paura, trauma, regressione." QUADERNI ACP 28, no. 2 (2021): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.53141/qacp.2021.84-87.
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The pandemic represents a stress test for a community and its health services. For NICU for example a there has been a widespread withdrawal towards parental closures, in contrast with the available guidelines and despite the consolidated evidence regarding the health outcomes of their role as caregivers. The different choices of the various working groups can be explained by the different abilities to deal with internal emotional disturbances, to the extent of the solidity of the process of construction and deep interiorization of inclusive care models. The main psychological dynamics revealed and emphasized by the pandemic are analyzed, in particular the defensive detachment from emotionally involving relationships, and how individual emotional responses find resonance in organizational structures, working groups, services and in various institutional levels. Understanding which elements the resilient and non-regressive responses to collective trauma in emergencies rest on, allows us to identify which paths must be activated to re-establish constructive bonds between professionals and with the “caregiver” parents, strengthening group cohesion towards the primary goal of care.
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Nickerson, Angela, Benjamin Garber, Belinda J. Liddell, Brett T. Litz, Stefan G. Hofmann, Anu Asnaani, Ola Ahmed, et al. "Impact of Cognitive Reappraisal on Negative Affect, Heart Rate, and Intrusive Memories in Traumatized Refugees." Clinical Psychological Science 5, no. 3 (May 2017): 497–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702617690857.
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While cognitive reappraisal represents a promising emotion regulation strategy to assist refugees with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in managing responses to trauma reminders, there has been no experimental research investigating its efficacy in reducing intrusions and negative affect in this group. In this study, 76 refugees and asylum-seekers with varying levels of PTSD received instructions in cognitive reappraisal or emotional suppression before viewing emotional images depicting trauma-related scenes. Findings indicated that cognitive reappraisal led to fewer subsequent image-related intrusions in refugees high in PTSD symptoms. Trait suppression moderated the efficacy of cognitive reappraisal such that participants high in PTSD who had low levels of trait suppression reported significantly lower levels of negative affect when using cognitive reappraisal compared to emotional suppression. These findings highlight the potential utility of cognitive reappraisal when assisting individuals with PTSD to manage responses trauma reminders and for informing the treatment of the psychological effects of the refugee experience.
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Papadopoulos, Irena, and Sue Shea. "European refugee crisis: psychological trauma of refugees and care givers." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 14, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-08-2016-0032.
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Purpose In recent years, the number of refugees and migrants entering Europe has increased dramatically. Such trauma may affect not only refugees themselves, but also care givers and rescue workers. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the intensity and psychological impact of the refugee crisis, with a view to suggesting ways of moving forward. Design/methodology/approach Based on recent literature, this paper briefly looks at the importance of attention to health and social issues, before discussing the psychological trauma of refugees and potential emotional trauma of those involved in rescue operations. Findings The provision of psychological support which is both compassionate and culturally competent should be viewed as essential. Furthermore, the development of resources and tools to assist with the current refugee crisis could enable care givers, rescue workers, and healthcare professionals to provide psychological support to migrants and refugees. Such resources could also encourage, and support, frontline responders in caring for their own personal psychological well-being. Originality/value The content of this paper could help to encourage further research in this field, including research into the emotional trauma of rescue workers. Furthermore, it is intended that this paper could contribute to an on-line knowledge base when considering the development of tools and resources to assist with the current refugee crisis.
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Simões, Gisela, and Rita Silva. "The emerging role of acceptance and commitment therapy as a way to treat trauma and stressor related disorders." BJPsych Open 7, S1 (June 2021): S290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.770.
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AimsThe aim of this work is to gather and evaluate scientific evidence about the clinical effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in the treatment of patients with trauma-related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).MethodA literature search was conducted on PubMed platform, starting from the following MeSH terms: “Acceptance and Commitment Therapy”, “Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders”, “Psychological Trauma”. Studies obtained were analysed, corresponding to investigations based on an adult population with trauma and stressor related disorders.ResultThe search provided 13 results, of which 12 met the defined criteria. Different types of studies with variable samples were considered, including randomised clinical trials, longitudinal observational studies, narrative reviews and an analysis of case reports.Globally, ACT has been showing a crescent role in the treatment of individuals with trauma histories by enhancing positive outcomes and by being associated with greater psychological flexibility. It is increasingly considered to be well-suited to the treatment of trauma by targeting avoidance, coping strategies with emotional disengagement and persistent dissociation, aspects associated with greater PTSD symptom severity and related psychopathology.Furthermore, research suggests that acceptance-based treatments are helpful in promoting emotional, behavioural, and neural changes in psychological disorders characterised by disgust, shame and guilt that commonly co-occur with PTSD.Among the various exposure factors, we found a growing production of recent literature in which ACT has been applied in the context of oncology life-threatening settings, demonstrating significant improvements in symptoms and quality of life, as well as reductions in emotional disturbances, physical pain and traumatic responses.However, little is known about implementation and results of ACT in situations of trauma and psychiatric comorbidities. Data suggest that, when applied to individuals with psychosis and history of trauma, there is an improvement in overall severity and anxiety symptoms, emotion regulation strategies and a greater sense of engagement in care; nevertheless, reduction of specific trauma symptoms remains controversial. More mention is made about the growth of literature evaluating the application of ACT as a conjunctial therapeutic method for trauma and simultaneous addictive disorders.ConclusionOverall, despite limited published research currently available, some evidence starts to support ACT's promising role as an effective psychotherapeutic approach to trauma and stressor related disorders. Its application in situations where organic diseases represent stress factors has been growing. Future research should focus on clarifying the role of ACT in psychiatric comorbidity scenarios, allowing this psychotherapy to help individuals find a meaningful and valuable life beyond trauma.
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Joseph, Stephen, and P. Alex Linley. "Positive Adjustment to Threatening Events: An Organismic Valuing Theory of Growth through Adversity." Review of General Psychology 9, no. 3 (September 2005): 262–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.9.3.262.
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A positive psychological theory of growth through adversity is proposed. The organismic valuing theory of growth through adversity posits an intrinsic motivation toward growth, showing how this leads to the states of intrusion and avoidance that are characteristic of cognitive-emotional processing after trauma. The theory posits 3 possible outcomes of this cognitive-emotional processing, namely, assimilation, negative accommodation, and positive accommodation. The theory shows how the organismic valuing process will automatically lead to the actualization of positive changes in psychological well-being, through the positive accommodation of the new trauma-related information, provided that the social environment is able to support this positive accommodation process.
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Paquet, C., and J. Davis. "1070 An Examination of the Relationship Between Language Use in Post-Trauma Nightmares and Psychological Sequelae in a Treatment Seeking Population." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A407—A408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.1066.
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Abstract Introduction Studying language use in dreams and nightmares has become an increasingly used tool to understand underlying emotional and cognitive processes. Specifically, in regards to post-trauma nightmares (PTNMs), nightmare transcriptions can offer a lens to understand a survivor’s interpretation of their trauma. The current study will utilize a method of quantitative text analysis to analyze the relationship between specific psychological constructs and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and nightmare qualities. It is hypothesized that there will be a positive correlation between words related to perceptual processes and negative emotions in nightmares and PTSD symptom and nightmare severity. There will be a negative correlation between cognitive processes and positive emotion words, and PTSD symptom and nightmare severity. Methods Fifty-three nightmares were collected from participants that were recruited from the community in a Midwestern city as part of an ongoing investigation of the effectiveness of a brief cognitive-behavioral intervention for PTNM, Exposure, Relaxation, and Rescripting Therapy (ERRT). All participants were over the age of 18, have experienced a criterion A trauma, and have nightmares at least once weekly. Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) was utilized to analyze the nightmare transcriptions. The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for the DSM-5 (PCL-5) and the Trauma-related Nightmare Survey (TRNS) were used to measure symptom severity. A Pearson’s correlation analysis was used for this exploratory study. Results Words related to perceptual processes were significantly positively correlated with PTSD symptom and nightmare severity (p<.05) Neither negative nor positive emotion words were significantly related to PTSD and nightmare symptoms (p>.05). Cognitive processing words were significantly negatively correlated with PTSD and nightmare symptoms (p<.05). Conclusion The results of this study support the hypothesis that language use in nightmares reveals important information about underlying cognitive and emotional functioning. The results of this study may have an important impact on treatment considerations for those who have experienced trauma. Analyzing language use in PTNM may help to understand the etiology and maintenance of PTSD symptoms. Support Support for this study comes from the University of Tulsa Institute of Trauma, Adversity, and Injustice.
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Jin, Min Jin, Ji Sun Kim, Ho-Sung Lee, Young Joon Kwon, Se Hoon Shim, Bum-Sung Choi, Dong-Woo Lee, et al. "The Impact of Emotional Exhaustion on Psychological Factors in Workers with Secondary Traumatic Experiences: A Multi-Group Path Analysis." Psychiatry Investigation 17, no. 11 (November 25, 2020): 1064–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30773/pi.2019.0313.
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Objective The objective of the present study was to explore causal pathways to understand how second traumatic experiences could affect the development of emotional exhaustion and psychiatric problems.Methods A total of 582 workers who had jobs vulnerable to secondary traumatic experiences were enrolled for this study. Emotional exhaustion, secondary trauma, resilience, perceived stress, depression, anxiety, and sleep problems were evaluated. A model with pathways from secondary traumatic experience score to depression and anxiety was proposed. The participants were divided into three groups according to the resilience: the low, middle and high resilience group.Results Resilience was a meaningful moderator between secondary traumatic experiences and psychiatric problems. In the path model, the secondary trauma and perceived stress directly and indirectly predicted perceived stress, emotional exhaustion, depression, anxiety, and sleep problems in all three groups. Direct effects of perceived stress on depression and anxiety were the largest in the low resilience group. However, direct effects of secondary trauma on perceived stress and emotional exhaustion were the largest in the high resilience group.Conclusion Understanding the needs of focusing for distinct psychological factors offers a valuable direction for the development of intervention programs to prevent emotional exhaustion among workers with secondary traumatic experiences.
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Taylor, Stephen. "The long shadows cast by the field: violence, trauma, and the ethnographic researcher." Fennia - International Journal of Geography 197, no. 2 (December 9, 2019): 183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.11143/fennia.84792.
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As more geographers utilise ethnographic methods to explore pressing contemporary issues such as abandonment, precarity, and resilience, they enter into research environments often defined by social marginality and violence. There are emotional and psychological risks associated with embedded research in such contexts, however these challenges have largely been ignored in existing methodological literatures. A frank debate is needed about the emotional and psychological burden that ethnographic research can exact upon lone researchers and how these burdens interface with researcher identity and positionality. Drawing on a reflexive analysis of the author’s experience of fieldwork in South Africa, this paper highlights the emotional consequences of conducting ethnographic research with marginal groups in dangerous contexts. It specifically examines the ripple effect of exposure to traumatic events that culminated in the author’s diagnosis with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In so doing, the paper draws attention to the acute emotional and psychological consequences of ethnographic research, while also challenging prevalent professional attitudes within the neoliberal university that promote the downplaying or silencing of such repercussions. The paper concludes with a series of suggestions for how (early career) researchers, our discipline, and institutions might better promote and realise an ethic of collective care for field researchers.
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Cox, Daniel W., Erin E. Buhr, Jess J. Owen, and Erin Davidson. "Linking partner emotional support, partner negative interaction, and trauma with psychological distress." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 33, no. 3 (March 10, 2015): 303–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407515574467.
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Kurtić, Azra, and Nurka Pranjić. "Facial expression recognition accuracy of valence emotion among high and low indicated PTSD." Primenjena psihologija 4, no. 1 (March 9, 2011): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/pp.2011.1.5-11.
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Introduction: Emotional experience of stressful event reflects itself in form of inability to start and maintain social contact, to cope with stress and sometimes distorted cognitive outages. Aim: To test hypothesis that facially expressed emotions were useful monitor in practice as mediator for understanding nature of emotionally difficulties of traumatized forty-two individuals are facing with. Primary task was assessed whether psychologically traumatized individuals differ in facial recognition accuracy, and secondary, accuracy positive versus negative emotions among two studied groups. Subject and methods: The total sample of participants were divided in two groups based on score results of DSM- IV Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, Bosnia and Herzegovina version which was expressed perception of their PTSD symptoms self- assessed used of the score results of DSM- IV Harvard Trauma Questionnaire– Bosnia and Herzegovina version (the experimental group with high indicative PTSD and control group without moderate PTSD). Accuracy of recognition of seven facially expressed emotions was investigated. The authors presented results of significantly lower (p<.05) recognition accuracy in experimental group for all studied emotions with exception of emotion of sadness. Also, recognition of negative emotions are more accurate (p<.05). These findings suggest that emotional stress leads to a less accurate recognition of facially expressed emotions especially positive valence emotions.
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McBride, Hazel, and Carol Ireland. "The impact of coping style, self-efficacy, emotional reaction and resilience on trauma related intrusive thoughts." Journal of Forensic Practice 18, no. 3 (August 8, 2016): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfp-06-2015-0036.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of coping style, self-efficacy, resilience and emotional reaction of trauma-related intrusions in young offenders. Design/methodology/approach – This is a quantitative study using questionnaires. The sample was 152 young offenders in custody who were approached in their residential hall. Upon agreeing to participate they were given 24 hours to complete the questionnaire pack and returned these to the researcher at a designated time and place. Findings – Over 90 per cent of the sample indicated at least one traumatic event; 33.6 per cent indicated eight or more. Number of traumatic events did not impact on self-efficacy, resilience or coping strategy used. The type of coping strategy did not significantly impact on emotional reaction to intrusions across trauma groups. Participants with higher self-efficacy demonstrated greater problem-focused coping and less emotional reaction to intrusions. Participants with greater resilience scores utilised more problem and emotion-focused coping and experienced less emotional reaction to their intrusions. Resilience was predicted by self-efficacy and emotional reaction to intrusions. Practical implications – Professionals working with young offenders with trauma-related intrusions should focus on building strengths in the areas of problem-focused coping, self-efficacy and resilience. Originality/value – This paper adds to the literature on trauma in male young offenders by looking at psychological factors which could be developed upon to improve ability to manage intrusive thoughts.
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Orr, Elizabeth, Pamela Durepos, Vikki Jones, and Susan M. Jack. "Risk of Secondary Distress for Graduate Students Conducting Qualitative Research on Sensitive Subjects: A Scoping Review of Canadian Dissertations and Theses." Global Qualitative Nursing Research 8 (January 2021): 233339362199380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333393621993803.
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Qualitative research, in the methods employed and topics explored, is emotionally demanding. While it is common for ethics protocols to protect research participants from emotional distress, the personal impact of emotional work on the researcher can often go unaddressed. Qualitative researchers, in particular graduate student researchers studying sensitive topics, are at risk of psychological effects. It is unclear, however, how this impact on the researcher is discussed in graduate student work and/or the steps taken to address this risk. To provide an overview of how impact on the researcher is considered in Canadian graduate student research, a comprehensive scoping review of dissertations was conducted. Less than 5% ( n = 11) of dissertations reviewed included a plan to mitigate psychological risk to the researcher—suggesting a need for further guidance on minimizing risk of emotional distress. The application of trauma and violence-informed principles to graduate supervision policy and practice is discussed as a promising harm mitigation strategy.
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Goldsmith, Rachel E., James I. Gerhart, Samantha A. Chesney, John W. Burns, Brighid Kleinman, and Megan M. Hood. "Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms." Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine 19, no. 4 (May 7, 2014): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156587214533703.
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Mindfulness-based psychotherapies are associated with reductions in depression and anxiety. However, few studies address whether mindfulness-based approaches may benefit individuals with posttraumatic stress symptoms. The current pilot study explored whether group mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy reduced posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression, and negative trauma-related appraisals in 9 adult participants who reported trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress or depression. Participants completed 8 sessions of mindfulness-based stress reduction treatment, as well as pretreatment, midtreatment, and posttreatment assessments of psychological symptoms, acceptance of emotional experiences, and trauma appraisals. Posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression, and shame-based trauma appraisals were reduced over the 8-week period, whereas acceptance of emotional experiences increased. Participants’ self-reported amount of weekly mindfulness practice was related to increased acceptance of emotional experiences from pretreatment to posttreatment. Results support the utility of mindfulness-based therapies for posttraumatic stress symptoms and reinforce studies that highlight reducing shame and increasing acceptance as important elements of recovery from trauma.
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BOWER, GORDON H., and HEIDI SIVERS. "Cognitive impact of traumatic events." Development and Psychopathology 10, no. 4 (December 1998): 625–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579498001795.
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The impact of traumatic experiences on cognitive processes, especially memory, is reviewed. The major psychological sequelae of trauma (reexperiencing, avoidance, hypervigilance) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are noted and related to traditional views of fear conditioning. Evidence indicating enhanced memory for the gist of emotional events is reviewed as are psychological and neurophysiological mechanisms underlying this enhancement. This view is updated by introducing the distinction between explicit and implicit memory and its relevance to traumatic memory and PTSD. The central role of “the experiencing ego” in the storage and retrieval of episodic memories is postulated. This leads into discussion of dissociative experiences during traumas and the occasional amnesia for voluntary recall of the trauma accompanied by involuntary, uncontrollable flashbacks of it. The relationship of dissociative experiences to hypnotizability and to pathological reactions to traumas is discussed, although the interpretation of those correlations is questioned. The article concludes by noting that beyond conditioning of fear, traumas often violate and shake the victims' basic assumptions about the benevolence, justice, and meaningfulness of their physical and social worlds. Psychotherapy with trauma victims then needs to attend not only to extinguishing the victims' fear and feelings of extreme vulnerability, but also to rebuilding their basic beliefs about the relative benevolence of the world.
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Ouellet, Julie, Isabelle Rouleau, Raymonde Labrecque, Gilles Bernier, and Peter B. Scherzer. "Two Routes to Losing One’s Past Life: A Brain Trauma, an Emotional Trauma." Behavioural Neurology 20, no. 1-2 (2008): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/520328.
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Organic and psychogenic retrograde amnesia have long been considered as distinct entities and as such, studied separately. However, patterns of neuropsychological impairments in organic and psychogenic amnesia can bear interesting resemblances despite different aetiologies. In this paper, two cases with profound, selective and permanent retrograde amnesia are presented, one of an apparent organic origin and the other with an apparent psychogenic cause. The first case, DD, lost his memory after focal brain injury from a nail gun to the right temporal lobe. The second case, AC, lost her memory in the context of intense psychological suffering. In both cases, pre-morbid autobiographical memory for people, places and events was lost, and no feeling of familiarity was experienced during relearning. In addition, they both lost some semantic knowledge acquired prior to the onset of the amnesia. This contrasts with the preservation of complex motor skills without any awareness of having learned them. Both DD and AC showed mild deficits on memory tests but neither presented any anterograde amnesia. The paradox of these cases–opposite causes yet similar clinical profile–exemplifies the hypothesis that organic and psychogenic amnesia may be two expressions of the same faulty mechanism in the neural circuitry.
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Baikie, Karen A., and Kay Wilhelm. "Emotional and physical health benefits of expressive writing." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 11, no. 5 (September 2005): 338–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.11.5.338.
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Writing about traumatic, stressful or emotional events has been found to result in improvements in both physical and psychological health, in non-clinical and clinical populations. In the expressive writing paradigm, participants are asked to write about such events for 15–20 minutes on 3–5 occasions. Those who do so generally have significantly better physical and psychological outcomes compared with those who write about neutral topics. Here we present an overview of the expressive writing paradigm, outline populations for which it has been found to be beneficial and discuss possible mechanisms underlying the observed health benefits. In addition, we suggest how expressive writing can be used as a therapeutic tool for survivors of trauma and in psychiatric settings.
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Zhang, Lin, Xueyao Ma, Xianglian Yu, Meizhu Ye, Na Li, Shan Lu, and Jiayi Wang. "Childhood Trauma and Psychological Distress: A Serial Mediation Model among Chinese Adolescents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (June 24, 2021): 6808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136808.
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The consequence of childhood trauma may last for a long time. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of childhood trauma on general distress among Chinese adolescents and explore the potential mediating roles of social support and family functioning in the childhood trauma-general distress linkage. A total of 2139 valid questionnaires were collected from two high schools in southeast China. Participants were asked to complete the questionnaires measuring childhood trauma, social support, family functioning, and general distress. Pathway analysis was conducted by using SPSS AMOS 24.0 and PROCESS Macro for SPSS 3.5. Results showed that childhood trauma was positively associated with general distress among Chinese adolescents. Social support and family functioning independently and serially mediated the linkage of childhood trauma and general distress. These findings confirmed and complemented the ecological system theory of human development and the multisystem developmental framework for resilience. Furthermore, these findings indicated that the mental and emotional problems of adolescents who had childhood trauma were not merely issues of adolescents themselves, but concerns of the whole system and environment.
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Moran, Rebecca J., and Nicole L. Asquith. "Understanding the vicarious trauma and emotional labour of criminological research." Methodological Innovations 13, no. 2 (May 2020): 205979912092608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059799120926085.
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The psychological cost of exposure to traumatic events is receiving greater recognition in recent years, especially in terms of its impact in helping professions and emergency services. However, the costs to researchers remain relatively unexplored. In this article, we will discuss the nature and impact of vicarious trauma using two criminological research projects as case studies: one a qualitative project engaging with survivors of childhood sexual abuse, and the other, a quantitative analysis of police hate crime reports. In addition to considering the trauma elicited in fieldwork such as interviews, we interrogate the costs imposed on researchers during the coding and analysing processes. We suggest that the cost is potentially greater when the researcher has a personal connection with the issues being researched, but that this personal experience also provides the researcher with important skills for responding to new or compounded trauma. The costs of engagement with trauma may be compensated by the productive outputs and impact on policy and practice that this type of research may elicit. Understanding the impact and costs of engaging with close analyses of trauma is critical in developing more robust and ethical research processes to ensure that this trauma is appropriately managed so as to avert the long-term damage this work can inflict on researchers and participants.
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Kozhyna, Hanna, Vsevolod Steblyuk, Kateryna Zelenska, and Kateryna Pronoza-Steblyuk. "Algorithm of medical and psychological support for servicewomen, ATO/JFO female veterans." Ukrains'kyi Visnyk Psykhonevrolohii, Volume 29, issue 1 (106) (March 1, 2021): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36927/2079-0325-v29-is1-2021-5.
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The psychotherapeutic program included targeted use of cognitive-behavioral therapy, personality-oriented therapy, biosuggestion, non-directive Rogerian psychotherapy, art therapy, biofeedback, trauma-focused therapy, EMDR. PTSD coping strategies program was used for the military Pucelik Consulting Group. The psychotherapeutic intervention was aimed at the affective reappraisal of the traumatic experience; correction of behavioral patterns associated with combat stress; development of skills for mastering anxiety and emotional reactions, constructive forms of cognitive and emotional response in the face of changing life stereotypes; return to a peaceful life. An important component of the program of medical and psychological support is psychoeducation. It is aim: to develop an adequate system of conceptions about the consequences of combat stress and peculiarities of adjustment reactions during changes of life stereotype; to understand the main consequences and psychopathological reactions caused by psychic trauma; to train in methods of mastering the consequences of combat mental trauma, to learn basic self-help techniques for intrusive memories, alarming paroxysms, skills of self-regulation and self-management for own mental state. A complex system of medical and psychological support for servicewomen at the stage of readaptation to a peaceful life after demobilization should be aimed at reducing the level of emotional tension; affective reassessment of traumatic experiences; the formation of a positive attitude towards the future; correction of experiences associated with changes in life stereotype (feeling of helplessness, difficulties associated with social adaptation), creation of a new cognitive model of life; family psychotherapy and spousal psychocorrection; medical assistance in case of stress-related disorders.
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Keniston, Alyssa, Alan Lewandowski, Katelyn Briggs, and Delaney Whynot. "A-86 Reactive Attachment Disorder in Adulthood: A Neuropsychological Perspective." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 36, no. 6 (August 30, 2021): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab062.104.
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Abstract Objective The sequelae of poor attachment and trauma on psychological and social functioning is well documented, however, this complex relationship applied to a neuropsychological profile is less understood. The current case uses a neuropsychological assessment to further understand the brain-behavior relationship in a case of poor maternal attachment, multiple traumas, psychiatric comorbidities, and poor social adaptation. Method Patient is a 22-year-old, right-handed, Eastern European woman with fetal alcohol and infant toxic mold exposure, failure to thrive, maternal neglect, adoption and relocation to the United States (age four), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; multiple reported sexual traumas and bullying victimization), and depression. Referred for a neuropsychological evaluation for longstanding inattention, learning difficulties, being socially and emotionally withdrawn, and suspected Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Results Data revealed average intellectual ability, dyscalculia, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), PTSD, and depression. A self-report measure of ASD revealed a strong perception of ASD, characterized by inability to read verbal cues or other’s emotions, and poor communication and self-expression, however, this diagnosis was not supported by formal assessment and behavioral observations; instead, it was determined a diagnosis of Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD). Conclusions This case provides an example of the complex interplay of poor maternal–infant bonding coupled by adolescent trauma on adult attachment style and compromised social interactions. More specifically, the case addresses the poly-etiologic and neuropsychological impact of an insecure attachment style and trauma on self-perceptions of social and emotional withdrawal commonly seen in ASD. The case further stresses the overlapping presentations RAD, ADHD, learning disabilities, and psychiatric comorbidities.
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Ladegaard, Hans J. "Coping with trauma in domestic migrant worker narratives: Linguistic, emotional and psychological perspectives." Journal of Sociolinguistics 19, no. 2 (April 2015): 189–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/josl.12117.
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Mendeloff, David. "Trauma and Vengeance: Assessing the Psychological and Emotional Effects of Post-Conflict Justice." Human Rights Quarterly 31, no. 3 (2009): 592–623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hrq.0.0100.
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Coates, Richard C. "Use of the emotional Stroop to assess psychological trauma following traumatic brain injury." Brain Injury 22, no. 4 (January 2008): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699050801992824.
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Fohring, Stephanie. "The risks and rewards of researching victims of crime." Methodological Innovations 13, no. 2 (May 2020): 205979912092633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059799120926339.
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The concept of emotional labour is described as any effort, conscious or not, to change one’s feelings or emotions, thereby offering a useful framework for understanding the experiences of qualitative researchers working within so-called ‘sensitive topics’. Despite this, it has received little research attention in criminology and criminal justice compared to related concepts such as vicarious trauma. Vicarious trauma refers to pervasive, cumulative and permanent changes that occur in a professional’s views of themselves, others and the world around them as a result of exposure to graphic and/or traumatic material. Conducting ‘sensitive topic’ research, such as with victims or offenders of crime, may expose researchers in this field to significant emotion work through engagement with potentially shocking and graphic experiences that are characteristic of serious trauma survivors. Victimisation is thought to be so disruptive because it challenges at a fundamental level our beliefs in a safe and benevolent world, and of ourselves as good (and hence undeserving) people. This article will draw on existing literature and the author’s extensive experiences of conducting in-depth interviews with victims of crime to explore the psychological impact of working closely with survivors of violent crimes. It will then show how the process of vicarious trauma mirrors that of trauma in victim/survivors. It will place this discussion against the backdrop of a rapidly changing and commercialising higher education sector and explore how the increasing pressures and reduced freedoms, in addition to the subject matter we study, require significant emotional labour and place us at a heightened risk for vicarious trauma. Finally, suggestions will be made regarding the best practice to avoid vicarious trauma and why, despite the risk, research in this area is still necessary and rewarding.
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Huh, Hyu Jung, Soon Young Lee, Soo Sang Lee, and Jeong-Ho Chae. "A Network Model of Positive Resources, Temperament, Childhood Trauma, and Comorbid Symptoms for Patient with Depressive Disorders." Psychiatry Investigation 18, no. 3 (March 25, 2021): 214–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30773/pi.2020.0187.
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Objective Temperament, positive resources, childhood trauma, and other clinical comorbid symptoms are related to depressive symptom severity. Here, we used network analysis to examine the interrelations between these clinical factors in patients with depressive disorders.Methods Patients with depressive disorders (n=454) completed self-report questionnaires evaluating clinical symptoms, childhood trauma, temperament, and positive resources. To identify network pattern and the most central aspect, we performed network analysis and centrality analyses. First, we analyzed the network pattern in total participants. Second, we established two groups of those with severe depressive symptoms and those with mild depressive symptoms and compared their network patterns.Results Deficient optimism and depression were the central factors in the network of total participants. In the group with severe depressive symptoms, lack of social support and childhood emotional trauma showed high centrality. Deficient social support and other positive resources played central roles in the group with mild depressive symptoms.Conclusion Network pattern of psychological factors was different between those with mild or severe depression. Lack of positive resources is an important factor in psychological processes in both mild and severe depression. However, childhood emotional trauma may play a relatively important role in patients with severe depressive symptoms.
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Dayton, Tian. "The Trauma Time Line." Journal of Psychodrama, Sociometry, and Group Psychotherapy 63, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12926/0731-1273-63.1.83.
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Working with trauma is a process of bringing split emotional material to the level of consciousness and placing it into both the framework of the client's personality and the context of his or her life. Trauma-related memories may be indistinct, vague, confused, and fragmented. Relational trauma often has an ongoing aspect to it, as it is laced into relational dynamics that wax and wane over time. This makes it difficult to have a sense of a beginning, middle, or endpoint; thus clients may carry a feeling of having suffered year after year without breaks. The Trauma Time Line allows clients to get a basic sense of how trauma may have clustered in their lives and which parts of their lives may have been relatively free of trauma. The Trauma Time Line can also reveal how early trauma patterns may have affected further psychological and emotional development and how they may have continued to be recreated throughout clients' lives. The Trauma Time Line may be done as a paper-and-pencil activity, put into sociometrically aligned group processes, or serve as a warm-up for focused vignettes and psychodramas. I developed the Trauma Time Line in the 1980s and first published it in The Living Stage.
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Mokrue, Kathariya, Patricia O'Neill, Peter Weiden, Steven Friedman, and Mary Cavaleri. "Trauma Survivors' Emotional Distress and Barriers to Early Psychological Intervention in an Inner-City Acute Surgical Trauma Service." Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 20, no. 1 (January 13, 2011): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2011.537600.
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Eglītis, Raitis. "POLYVICTIMIZATION & POLYTRAUMATIZATION: LEGAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS." Health Sciences 30, no. 6 (November 24, 2020): 136–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35988/sm-hs.2020.154.
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Polyvictimization is experience of multiple, different kind victimizations that range from child maltreatment to school bullying and beyond. Polytraumatization includes trauma that are not limited to interpersonal abuse, for example, car accidents, natural disasters etc. These concepts are in turn related to cumulative harm and multi-type maltreatment which are discussed later in the article. Polyvictimization and polytraumatization highlights the shift in abuse research and practice from single trauma to multiple trauma analysis which significantly impacts forensic and clinical judgment on causality of post-traumatic reactions. On the other hand, legal professionals in different countries still ask mental health practitioners to identify specific emotional consequences that are linked to specific civil and/or criminal case. Whether it is called psychological damage, psychological injury, sequela etc. – legal specialists want and need to prove causal relations between wrongful act and psychological injury. Unfortunately, it is almost impossible to make a strict judgment on sequela causality if polyvictimization is identified. The current article explains several theoretical notions regarding polyvictimization and emphasizes implications that need to be taken in to account when conducting abuse research and clinical and/or forensic victim assessment. Latvian legal system and practical problems in forensic psychological and psychiatric expertise is briefly discussed.
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Lagodzinsky, Vitaly. "EMOTIONAL LEADERSHIP AS A FACTOR OF EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT OF MILITARY UNITS: THE ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN RESEARCH." PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNAL 6, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/1.2020.6.11.4.
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The article purpose is to present the theoretical analysis and determine how to use military personnel’s emotional intelligence skills for management of a military unit. We used theoretical research methods: the analysis of theoretical sources discussing service members’ leadership formation based on the concept of emotional leadership, a comparative analysis of the reviewed theoretical materials. Foreign authors’ works devoted to emotional intelligence and emotional leadership among military personnel were analysed. The basic principles of a leader’s emotional intelligence were revealed, which meant a leader’s capability to use emotional intelligence in order to improve the managing efficiency for military units. A number of issues that need to be addressed were identified, namely: influence of military leaders’ emotional intelligence skills on post-traumatic stress overcoming and mitigating of negative consequences associated with a psychological trauma; influence of leaders’ emotional intelligence on military unit management and relations between military personnel’s emotional competence, leadership attributes and technical and tactical skills; programs for assessment and development of service members’ emotional intelligence and emotional leadership in order to improve unit management by control over service members’ emotions, other people’s emotions and groups’ emotions and implementation of such programs. The study results has confirmed that service members’ emotional leadership skills should be developed to improve unit management efficiency, since such skills are necessary for management, emotional leadership improves management skills at all, social responsiveness and interactions with a team.
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Lockhart, Barbara D. "Injured Athletes' Perceived Loss of Identity: Educational Implications for Athletic Trainers." Athletic Training Education Journal 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1947-380x-5.1.26.
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Context: As educators, athletic trainers should familiarize athletes with the concepts of self-acceptance self-esteem and identity to assuage psychological trauma accompanying injury because the more a person identifies with being an athlete, the more difficult it is to deal with athletic injury. Objective: The objective of this article is to provide practical information to athletic trainers to assist them with their educative role in addressing athletes' identity loss that often accompanies athletic injury. Background: Measures of psychological trauma accompanying physical trauma show that psychological trauma can be extreme. Furthermore, the loss of identity is a major factor for athletes who are dealing with the psychological trauma of athletic injuries. Athletic trainers who assume responsibility to address issues of psychological loss from athletic injury can be a great benefit to the injured individual. Description: The use of the Worth Index, which differentiates between self-acceptance self-esteem and achievement self-esteem, demonstrates that it is possible for people to perceive their personal worth and identity as distinct from their behavior. Athletic trainers are in an excellent position to interact with athletes and utilize specific questions to facilitate dialogue related to identity and self-esteem. Clinical Advantages: In practice, clinical advantages may include improving an athlete's ability to put a physical injury in proper perspective, strengthening their commitment to rehabilitation, and avoiding complications due to emotional trauma. Conclusions: Athletic trainers must recognize their educative responsibilities and assist injured athletes in addressing issues of identify loss.
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Chen, Yung Y., and Min C. Kao. "Prior disclosure and emotional expression: Interactive effects on post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 53, no. 3 (December 22, 2017): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091217417749790.
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Background Previous research has revealed mixed findings with regard to the effects of disclosure on trauma recovery. More recently, studies on psychological trauma have found associations among religion, meaning, and health. This study investigated prior disclosure as a moderator for the association between religious emotional expression and adaptive trauma processing, as measured by post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Methods Using Pennebaker’s written emotional expression paradigm, 105 participants were assigned to either a conventional trauma-writing condition or religious trauma-writing condition. PTSD symptoms were assessed at baseline and again at one-month post writing. Results A two-way interaction was found between prior disclosure and writing condition on PTSD symptoms at follow-up. For the religious trauma-writing condition only, there was a significant difference between low versus high disclosure participants in PTSD symptoms at follow-up, such that low prior disclosure participants registered fewer PTSD symptoms than high prior disclosure participants, while prior disclosure did not have such effect in the conventional trauma-writing condition. Limitations: This two-way interaction may be further qualified by other important psychosocial variables, such as differences in personality, coping style, social support, or use of prayer as a form of disclosure, which were not assessed in this study. Conclusion Religious emotional expression may encourage adaptive trauma processing, especially for individuals with low prior disclosure. These findings encourage further investigation of the conditions under which disclosure and religion may be a beneficial factor in trauma adaptation and treatment.
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Galli, Federica, Carlo Lai, Teresa Gregorini, Chiara Ciacchella, and Stefano Carugo. "Psychological Traumas and Cardiovascular Disease: A Case-Control Study." Healthcare 9, no. 7 (July 12, 2021): 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070875.
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Adverse childhood experiences could be important determinants of adult disease. The present study analyzed the association between early traumatic experiences and the onset of cardiovascular disease (CVDs). It was hypothesized that patients with CVD would report a higher number of traumatic experiences during childhood and that this association would be stronger in women. The Traumatic Experiences Checklist (TEC) was fulfilled by 75 patients with a first-time diagnosis of CVD and 84 healthy controls randomly selected from the general population. The two groups were not balanced for age and sex. Multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVAs) and analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs), with group (clinical vs. control) and gender (male vs. female) as between-subjects factors, and age of participants as covariate, were performed on the number and the impact of the traumatic experiences (emotional neglect, emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual harassment, and sexual abuse) for the three age group in which the trauma was experienced (from 0 to 10, from 11 to 18, from 19 years onwards). The main results showed that participants with CVDs have experienced a higher number of early traumatic experiences compared to the control group, such as emotional neglect (p = 0.023), emotional abuse (0.008 ≤ p ≤ 0.033), and physical abuse (0.001 < p ≤ 0.038). The results also revealed that women with CVDs have experienced more traumatic events compared to the women of the control group (0.001 < p ≤ 0.020). These results seem to highlight an association between traumatic experiences in childhood and CVD in adulthood, particularly in women. Such findings could have relevant implications for clinical practice, suggesting the importance of adopting an integrated approach in the care of the patient with cardiovascular diseases paying attention also to the clinical psychological risk factors.
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López Ramírez, Manuela. "“Childhood Cuts Festered and Never Scabbed Over”: Child Abuse in Toni Morrison’s God Help the Child." Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses, no. 29 (November 15, 2016): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/raei.2016.29.08.
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Toni Morrison revisits one of the main thematic concerns, child abuse and trauma, of her premier novel, The Bluest Eye, in her latest book God Help the Child. She has actually dealt profusely with all sorts of child maltreatment in her oeuvre. In her recent narrative, Morrison weaves a tangled web of childhood trauma stories, in which all of the characters have suffered some kind of abuse: neglect, witnessing domestic violence, emotional and psychological abuse, molestation, sexual abuse, etc. She shows how the child’s exposure to traumatic experiences has dramatic far-reaching effects into adulthood, such as psychological, emotional, behavioral and social problems. Morrison explores the curse of the past, the legacy of slavery and its aftermath, and its hold on the present, through the phenomenon of colorism. Racism and intra-racial discrimination based on the skin color result in childhood trauma. Children may adopt coping strategies to resist maltreatment or they may internalize oppression and accept self-loathing. Violence generates violence, a vicious cycle which will eventually make the victims future victimizers. Nonetheless, God Help the Child is not only about childhood abuse and trauma, but it is also about transformation and healing. Morrison describes the characters’ restorative journeys towards redemption.
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Costello-Sullivan, Kathleen. "‘My Memory Gropes in Search of Details’: Memory, Narrative, and ‘Founding Traumas’ in John Banville's The Sea." Irish University Review 46, no. 2 (November 2016): 340–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/iur.2016.0231.
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Many of John Banville's novels engage issues of loss, memory, and identity, but The Sea provides the most comprehensive portrait of traumatic loss in his canon. Protagonist Max Morden presents a textbook example of one who has experienced significant trauma. His fragmented, unreliable memories; his dissociated affect and emotional alienation; his self-destructive behaviours; and his obsessive recourse to the past all reflect typical manifestations of emotional and/or psychological distress and the workings of traumatic memory. By tracing Morden's experience of trauma and its narrative remediation, The Sea also replicates the frustrating and often painful process of identity reconstruction pursued by the traumatized. In this way, the narrative is not only a reflection on identity, trauma, and loss, but also a model of the possibility of healing from a traumatic past.